Poets and Power from Chaucer to Wyatt Robert J

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Alan of Lille 56 Beaufort, Cardinal Henry 79, 80, 116, 159 Alcock, John 199 Bedford Psalter-Hours (London, BL Add. MS Andre´, Bernard 174–6, 179, 181, 185, 190, 191, 193, 42131) see entries under Gower, Hoccleve, 196, 268, 269 and Lydgate Anderson, David 195 Bekynton, Thomas 141, 159 Anne, countess of Stafford 50, 132 Bilney, Thomas 217 Arthur, Thomas 217 Bloom, Harold 191, 194 Ashby, George 123, 128, 131, 139–68, 171, 177, Blyth, Charles 110, 115 260, 266 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 41 Active Policy of a Prince 140, 149–57, 159–61, De casibus virorum illustrium 78, 194 164–8, 171 Genealogia deorum gentilium 23–4, 274 Dicta & opiniones diversorum philosophorum Trattatello in laude di Dante 21–3, 70, 216 140, 149–50 Boethius 109–10, 140–2, 145, 147 Prisoner’s Reflections 139, 141–9, 152, 158, 161–4, Bokenham, Osbern 128, 129, 260 166, 168 Bolingbroke, Henry see Henry IV epideixis, use of 155 Book of Curtesye see entries under Caxton, humility topos, use of 160 Chaucer, Gower, Hoccleve, and Lydgate propaganda, as writer of 153–4, 161, 162, Bourdieu, Pierre 25 164 Boys, Lady Sibille 51 self-naming 145, 160–1 Brant, Sebastian 193–5 signet clerk, identity as 140–1, 157–9, 162–3, Burgh, Benedict 131–6, 169, 172 166–7 Disticha Catonis 132, 133, 172, 259 Audelay, John 129 Letter to John Lydgate 132–7, 171, 172 Secrees of OLD Philisoffres 62, 246, 259 Barclay, Alexander 173, 176–8, 190–204, epideixis, use of 133–6 218, 227 humilty topos, use of 134 Eclogues 193, 198–204, 208, 219 patronage 132–3 Life of St. George 270 Burrow, John 46, 106, 117 Ship of Fools 191, 193–8, 208 epideixis, use of 196, 204 Cade, Jack 139 monastic identity, use of 177, 190–2, Calot, Laurence 76 194, 203 Capgrave, John 129 propaganda, as writer of 192 Carlson, David 175 self-naming 194–6 Carmeliano, Pietro 267 Skelton, resentment of 177, 193, 196–8, 202–4, Catherine of Aragon, queen of England 227 206, 208, 270 Cawood, John 271 Bale, John 179, 180 Caxton, William 132, 140, 168–73 Baret, John 138 printer, Book of Curtesye 169–72 Bateson, Mary 151 trans., Caton 267 Beauchamp, Richard, earl of Warwick 50, 76 trans., Eneydos 173

293

294 Index Caxton, William (contd ) Doyle, A. I. 227 printer, Parvus Cato, Magnus Cato 172 Dryden, John 15, 277 trans., Recuyell of the Historyes of Troy 168, 169, Dunbar, William 128, 129 171, 173 Charles VI, king of France 62 Ebin, Lois 182 Charles d’Orle´ans 7, 9, 128, 136, 141–2, 145, Edward IV, king of England 132, 141, 143, 151, 275 152, 154, 155, 166, 226 Chaucer, Alice 136, 137, 265 Edward, duke of York 252, 253 Chaucer, Geoffrey 6–7, 15–24, 27–31, 49, 50, Edward of March see Edward IV 52–6, 61, 84, 92, 95, 96, 137, 156–7, 183, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 140, 220–2, 229, 232, 241, 244 141, 149, 151–6, 161, 164, 166, 168 An ABC 56 Edwards, A. S. G. 780 The Book of the Duchess 55, 254 Edwards, H. L. R. 920 Canterbury Tales 28–9, 32, 38–40 Elizabeth of York, queen of England 189 Clerk’s Tale, Prologue 15, 45, 186, 245 epideictic poetry see entries under individual Franklin’s Tale, Prologue 85, 133 authors Knight’s Tale 141–2 Erasmus 176 Man of Law’s Tale, Introduction 34–5, 258 Retraction 238 Field of Cloth and Gold 191, 197, 204 Sir Thopas link 33–4, 38–9 fin’ amor, poetry of 7, 52, 95, 96, 138–9, 225, House of Fame 34, 45–6, 53 227–30 Legend of Good Women 25, 95, 97, 138–9 Fineman, Joel 57, 59, 123 Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan 27 Fish, Stanley 218 Troilus and Criseyde 1–2, 7, 35, 55, 72–3, 198, Fortescue, Sir John 153–5, 264 244 Foweles in ÞeFrith 29 role in Book of Curtesye 169–70 Fox, Alistair 185, 212 self-naming 33–5 Francis I, king of France 191 triumvirate, as member of see triumvirate of Freeman, Thomas 127–8, 132, 136, 258 Gower, Chaucer, and Lydgate Frulovisi, Tito Livio 79 Chaucer, Thomas 72, 136 Furnivall, Frederick J. 153 Christine de Pizan 50, 61–5, 85, 174, 276 Fu¨rstenspiegel 62, 98, 107–8, 140, 150, 153, 161, Avision-Christine 246, 247 163 Epistre au dieu d’Amours 94–8 Epistre Othea 61–7, 69, 95, 97–8 Geoffrey of Vinsauf 120 Livre des faits d’armes et de chevalerie 121 Gigli, Silvestro 267 epideixis, use of 63–4 goliardic poets 255 self-naming 63–4, 247 Gower, John 31, 35, 49, 51, 156–7, 239–40 Cobham, Eleanor 122, 260 Confessio Amantis 25, 32, 34–5, 40 Curteys, William 51, 259 In Praise of Peace 36–8 Curtius, Ernst Robert 56 Vox clamantis 36 portraits in the Bedford Psalter-Hours 91 Dante 17, 23, 195 role in Book of Curtesye 169 Convivio 238 self-naming 36–8 Divina comedia 34 triumvirate, as member of see triumvirate of Vita nuova 31, 36 Gower, Chaucer, and Lydgate de Worde, Wynkyn 53, 271 Greenblatt, Stephen 223–4 Decembrio, Pierre Candido 79 Guido delle Colonne 28, 65, 68, 70, 72 Deguileville, Guillaume de 56, 244 Derrida, Jacques 245 Hardison, O. B 58 Despenser, Isabella 50 Hardyng, John 129 Dickey, Stephen 205 Hawes, Stephen 128, 173, 176–91, 193, 194, 199, Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers 260 211, 218, 225, 229 Donaldson, E. T. 605 Conforte of Louers 184–90, 210–1, 219 Donne, John 276 Conuercyon of Swerers 184, 269 Douglas, Gavin 128, 129 Example of Vertu 180–1, 184–6, 189

Index 295 Ioyfull Medytacyon 184 portraits in the Bedford Psalter-Hours 91, 253 Pastime of Pleasure 181–5, 188, 189 propaganda, as writer of 101, 107 groom of the privy chamber, identity as 177, role in Book of Curtesye 170 179, 188, 189 self-naming 114 Helgerson, Richard 10, 49 Howard, Edward 202, 204 Henry IV, king of England 3 Howard, Henry, earl of Surrey 221, 229, 231, and Christine de Pizan 61–4, 94, 174 277 and Gower 36 Howard, Thomas, duke of Norfolk 191, 201–3, and Hoccleve 97, 98, 105, 110 270 Henry V, king of England 26, 157 Humphrey, duke of Gloucester 26, 50, 52, 78–81, and Hoccleve 89–91, 107–8, 111–13, 115–16, 154, 90, 119–22, 139, 141, 144, 158, 260 170, 251–2 and Lydgate 10, 50, 65–8, 74, 82, 86, 182, 184, Jacqueline of Hainault 52, 79, 122 210, 231 James I, king of Scotland 7, 128, 141–2, 145 Henry VI, king of England 136, 139, 168, 264 Jansen, Johannes 136 and Ashby 141, 149–51, 154–6, 158, 162 Jean de Castel 61, 62, 64, 94 and Lydgate 37, 50, 52, 76, 79, 80 John, duke of Bedford 50, 52, 76, 79, 253 Henry VII, king of England 175–8, 225 John, duke of Somerset 260 and Andre´ 174–5 John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 25 and Hawes 179, 181–2, 184, 189 Jonson, Ben 10, 127 Henry VIII, king of England, 24, 219 and Barclay 191, 196, 199–200 Kane, George 32 and Hawes 181, 184, 186, 188–9, 225 Katherine of Valois, queen of England 50 and Skelton 205, 210, 211, 214, 218 Kay, John 205, 273 and Wyatt 220, 223–4 Keep Well Christ’s Commandments 76–7 Henry of Derby see Henry IV Knapp, Ethan 170 Henry of Monmouth see Henry V Henryson, Robert 129 Lacy, Edmund 51 Higden, Ranulph 69, 248 LaZamon 28 historian, authorial self-representation as 28–9, Laidlaw, J. C. 274 31, 32 Lament of a Prisoner 261 historicism, and fifteenth-century poetry 5–7 Lancastrian court, influence on literary Hoccleve, Thomas 8, 26, 46–7, 49, 52, 64, 72, production 3–4, 10, 15–16, 24–7 88–123, 129, 145–6, 156, 159, 163, 167–8, 177, Langland, William 31, 32, 35–6, 40 178, 188, 190, 211, 218, 224–5 laureate ideology 16–24, 27, 80 Balade on King Henry V 91 laureateship, as academic honor 171–3, 175, 205 Epistre de Cupide 94–8, 121, 123 Lawton, David 37, 80, 82, 145 Formulary 115, 265 Leland, John 229–31 Male regle 92, 98–107 Lemaire de Belges, Jean 272 Regiment of Princes 46, 89–91, 93, 98, 107–16, Lerer, Seth 6–7, 10, 51, 52, 186 118, 123, 154–6, 159–60, 163, 168, 170, 225, Libelle of Englyshe Polycye 263 245, 260, 265 Locher, Jacob 193, 195 Remonstrance against Oldcastle 26, 89, 208, Lollards 26, 80, 89, 90 252 Louis XI, king of France 152 Series 90, 116–23, 144, 225 Lyall, R. J. 850 Complaint 117–19, 143–5, 147, 163 Lydgate, John 1, 7–10, 47, 49–87, 95, 127–9, 131, Dialogue 117–22, 144 137, 139, 144, 156–7, 160, 163, 169, 178, Jereslaus’s Wife 122 180–6, 190–1, 193–4, 218, 220, 224, 231–2 Jonathas and Fellicula 257–8 Balade in Commendation of Our Lady 54–6, Learn to Die 119, 122 59–61 epideixis, use of 111–12, 120 Ballade of Jak Hare 208 eulogy of Chaucer, use of 114–16, 159–60 Ballade to King Henry VI upon His Lydgate, poetic career alignment with 47 Coronation 37, 53 privy seal clerk, identity as 88, 97, 98, 107–8, Churl and the Bird 52, 268–9 162–3 Complaynt of a Lovere’s Lyfe 55

296 Index Lydgate, John (contd ) Malory, Sir Thomas 152 Defence of Holy Church 26, 90, 252 Mannyng , Robert 28, 31 Exposition of the Pater Noster 52, 77–8 Mantuan 198, 200, 203, 204 Fall of Princes 49, 52, 53, 58–60, 78–81, 120, Margaret of Anjou, queen of England 52, 137, 134, 139, 183, 193–4, 196, 240, 260, 272 141, 151–6, 158, 159 Gentlewoman’s Lament 52 Marie de France 84–6, 250, 251 Henry VI’s Triumphal Entry into London 240 Marshe, Thomas 241 Invocation to Seynte Anne 132 Metham, John 129 Isopes Fabules 84–6, 182–4, 250–1 Middleton, Anne 8, 35–7 Legend of St. George 52 Milton, John 10, 231 Legend of Seynt Margarete 133 mirror for princes see Fu¨rstenspiegel Life of Our Lady 40, 52, 60, 66, 183, 186, 252 Mowbray, John, duke of Norfolk 253 Mesure is Tresour 53 Moleyns, Adam 138, 139 Misericordias domini in eternum cantabo Montague, John, earl of Salisbury 62 (commentary on Psalm 88) 57, 245 Montague, Thomas, earl of Salisbury 51, 62, On Gloucester’s Approaching Marriage 90, 242 136 On the Departing of Thomas Chaucer 136 Montrose, Louis 10, 83 Pilgrimage of the Life of Man 136, 244 More, Sir Thomas 176, 268 Proverbs of Lydgate 53 Mortimer, Edmund, earl of March, 51 Ryght as a Rammes Horne 52 Mortimer, Anne 51 Secrees of old Philisoffres 246 Morton, John 199 Serpent of Division 240, 245, 259 ‘‘Musyng vppon the mutabilite’’ see Welles Siege of Thebes 37–40, 51, 86 Anthology Soteltes at the Coronation Banquet of Henry VI 192 Nelson, William 205 Stans puer ad mensam 51 Neville, Richard, earl of Warwick 151, 152 Temple of Glas 7, 52, 53 Neville, Thomas, Lord Furnivall 98, 104–5 Title and Pedigree of Henry VI 76, 83, 90 Nolan, Maura 240 Tretise for Lauandres 53 Troy Book 3, 39–41, 49–52, 54, 65–75, 78, 79, orator regis see entries under Skelton, John 84, 89, 91, 107, 171, 183, 199, 225 Otway-Ruthven, J. 662 Verses for Queen Margaret’s Entry into Owl and the Nightingale 31 London 242 Virtues of the Mass 136 Paris, Matthew 69 aureation, use of 56, 59, 60, 70, 77–8, 245–6 Parkes, M. B. 228 epideixis, use of 40, 41, 50, 56–61, 66, 68, 75, Paston, Sir John 51 79, 111, 112 Patterson, Lee 122 eulogy of Chaucer, use of 72–5, 78–80, 84, Pearsall, Derek 50, 53, 107, 154, 222–3, 225 116, 171, 186 Percy, Henry, earl of Northumberland 206–7 humility topos, use of 50, 61, 75, 78, 81–6, 134, Petrarch, Francis 1–3, 23–4, 27, 60, 73, 78, 84, 163 171, 175, 186, 195, 203, 209, 228, 273 manuscripts 52, 53 De remediis utriusque fortunae 227 monastic identity, use of 41, 50, 56, 66, 69–70, laureation address 16–21, 41, 71, 81, 216, 88, 105, 107, 114, 162 229–30, 246 patronage and readership 50–2 ‘‘Una candida cerva’’1041 portraits in the Bedford Psalter-Hours 91, 253 Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius 198–200 propaganda, as writer of 70, 76, 82, 86, 192 Pope, Alexander 277 role in Book of Curtesye 170–2 Premierfait, Laurent de 78 self-naming 38–42, 74–5, 85 Prophet, John 108, 252 triumvirate, as member of see triumvirate of public poetry, Ricardian 8, 37, 101 Gower, Chaucer, and Lydgate Puttenham, George 221, 222, 225–6, 229 lyric ‘‘I’’ 83, 101 Pynson, Richard 190, 194

MacCracken, Henry 136–8 Reformation, influence on English literary Machaut, Guillaume de 34, 45 history 24–5, 230

Index 297 Renaissance, in English literary history 1–3, 178, Spearing, A. C. 990 220–2 Spenser, Edmund 7, 10, 49–50, 81, 83, 184, 190, Reproof to Lydgate 132, 136–9, 228 see also 220–2, 231 William de la Pole Spitzer, Leo 29, 32, 61 Ricardian ‘‘I’’98, 99 Stewart, James see James I Richard II, king of England 3, 24, 62, 91, 97, 101, Stillinger, Thomas 36 138, 157 Strohm, Paul 6–7, 25 Rinck, Herman 192 Surrey, earl of see Howard, Henry Rivie`re, Pierre 270 Rolle, Richard 29–30 Tottel, Richard 241 Rushall Psalter 51 Tresham, Sir Thomas 152 triumvirate of Gower, Chaucer, and Lydgate Scanlon, Larry 111 127–8, 131, 156–7, 159, 180–1, 185–6, 215 Scattergood, John 149, 151–2, 205 Tudor, Henry see Henry VII, Henry VIII Schultz, John 198 Tudor, Princess Mary 188, 269 Scrope, Stephen 62, 246 Secreta secretorum 62, 107, 150 Usk, Thomas 141–2, 145, 147 Seymour, M. C 89 Shakespeare, William 241 Vaux, Sir Nicholas 191–2 Shirely, John 52, 53, 168, 241, 243 Vegetius 120–1 Sidney, Sir Philip 227 Virgil 17–20, 23, 190, 201, 203, 220 Simpson, James 222 Skelton, John 10, 128, 173, 175–8, 191–3, 205–22, Walker, Greg 205, 211 227, 229, 277 Walsingham, Thomas 69 Against Dundas 208 Watkins, John 225 Against Venemous Tongues 208 Wayland, John 241 Agaynst the Scottes 208, 214 Weiss, Roberto 79 Agenst Garnesche 203, 208 Welles Anthology 260 Bowge of Courte 208, 219, 272 Westminster, Roger 199 Calliope 209–10, 229 Wheatley, Edward 84 Collyn Clout 212–3 Whethamstede, John 51 Dyvyers Balettys and Dyties Solacyous 273 Widsith 20, 26 Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell 214–18 William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk 51, 52, 131, Lawde and Prayse Made for Our Sovereigne 138, 139 Lord the King 273 authorship of Reproof to Lydgate 132, 136–7, Magnyfycence 208 259 Phyllyp Sparowe 198 William of Malmsebury 69 Replycacion Agaynst Certyane Yong Scolers Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas 191–2, 205, 210–2, Abjured of Late 192, 217–18 214–5, 217–8 Speke Parott 211–13 Wood, Anthony a` 778 Upon the Dolorus Dethe 206–8 Woodville, Anthony, earl Rivers 140, 226, 227, Ware the Hauke 207–8 276 Why Come Ye Nat to Courte 213–15 Wordsworth, William 29, 231–2 Alexander Barclay, object of resentment of see Wright, Sylvia 91 entry under Barclay, Alexander Wyatt, Sir Thomas 1–3, 27–8, 123, 176, 190, court poet, identity as 177–8, 205 219–31 epideixis, use of 206–7, 211, 215–17 ‘‘Jopas’ Song’’ 1196 orator regis, role as 175, 203, 205, 208–10, 212, Quyete of Mynde, trans. 1063 214, 221 ‘‘The piller pearisht’’ 1195 self-naming 205–8, 215, 216, 218 ‘‘Whoso List to Hounte’’ 6, 1041, 1068, 1079 Skeltonics 273 courtier, identity as 221, 225–9 Somnium vigilantis 153, 264 speculum principis see Fu¨rstenspiegel Yeats, W. B. 156‘‘The piller pearisht’’ 1195