Prevent Dengue & Chikungunya WHO Myanmar newsletter special, 9 September 2019
What is dengue? Dengue situation in Myanmar Dengue is one of the most common mosquito- Cases and deaths 2015-2019 borne viral infections. The infection is spread from one person to another through the bite of infectious mosquitoes, either Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. There are 4 distinct types of dengue virus, called DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Dengue can be mild, as in most cases, or severe, as in few cases. It can cause serious illness and death among children. In Myanmar, July to August is peak season for transmission of dengue - coinciding with monsoon.
How every one of us can help prevent dengue source: VBDC, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health & Sports, 2019 zz community awareness for mosquito breeding As shown above, dengue is cyclical in Myanmar, control is key alternating annually, as is the case in many countries. zz cover, empty and clean domestic water storage At the same time, the number of dengue cases, and containers -- weekly is best deaths due to denge, over the period 2015 to 2018, zz remove from the environment plastic bottles, both show a decreasing trend overall. plastic bags, fruit cans, discarded tyres -- for these are preferred mosquito breeding sites by Examples of how national and local authorities aedes aegypti (depicted) and aedes albopictus contribute zz drain water collection points around the house zz providing support for dengue management at zz seek advice of a health professional if you have health facilities. multiple signs or symptoms of dengue zz strengthening online reporting of dengue, How to recognize dengue? what are signs and using electronic based information system. symptoms? zz health literacy promotion for communities and zz high fever basic health staff. zz severe headache zz strategic direction; implementation research; zz pain behind the eyes intersectoral collaboration for implementation. zz muscle and joint pains Examples of how WHO and partners contribute zz severe abdominal pain zz supporting the development of technical zz nausea, vomiting guidelines, for prevention and care, including zz body rash information, education, risk communication.
What is the treatment? zz prior to peak transmission season, facilitating advocacy by Myanmar state and regional zz There is no specific treatment for dengue. health authorities to advance communities’ preparedness for dengue prevention & control. zz At the same time, early detection and proper care decreases suffering and prevents death zz trend analysis and surveillance support. from dengue, very significantly. No.403 (A1), Shwe Taung Kyar Street, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Tel : +95 1 534 300, 534 307, 538 620 538 621, 538 474, 538 476 Fax : +95 1 538 233, 538 435 Email : [email protected] Website : http://www.searo.who.int/myanmar
What is Chikungunya? zHk; oGef zz Chikungunya is a mosquito borne viral disease transmitted by the bite of same infectious mosquito as dengue. zz It was first described in 1952, during an outbreak in southern Tanzania. zz Chikungunya derives from Kimakonde language, spoken by ethnic groups in Tanzania and Mozambique, meaning ‘to become contorted’. It describes a ‘bent’ appearance, by sufferers with joint pain. vJ zz Chikungunya shares clinical signs with dengue, ppf and one can be mistaken for the other. zz Chikungnunya is at times called elephant flu, erroneously. As mentioned, as a mosquitoe- borne disease, it has nothing to do with ‘flu’. How to recognize Chikungunya? zz Sudden onset of fever and severe joint pain. zz Other symptoms include muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash. What needs to be remembered? zz Joint pain is often debilitating and can vary in duration (few days to weeks). zz Signs and symptoms of chikungunya overlap zz unlike dengue, chikungunya is not fatal. with dengue. zz Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes Chikungunya situation in Myanmar can transmit both dengue and chikungunya zz Prevention and control of chikungunya is the zz National Health Laboratory has, for several years, same as for dengue. been serologically testing suspected samples. Chikungunya cases were reported from Yangon zz Most patients of chikungunya recover fully. In Region in 2007-8 and 2011. some cases, joint pain may persist for months. zz In 2009, serologically positive cases were reported from Mandalay, Naypyitaw, Tanintharyi &Sif; zGifh Regions, and from Mon and Shan States. zz Surveillance is gradually improving. In 2019 (until 15 August), 35 cases were reported from eight States & Regions of Myanmar.
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cwf xnfh What is the treatment? zz There is no specific treatment for Chikungunya. zz Treatment is directed primarily at relief of symptoms -- by taking plenty of fluids, and by appropriate use of paracetamol, for example, to ease joint pain and fever.
WHO Myanmar newsletter special Prevent Dengue & Chikungunya 9 September 2019