Major Article Evaluating the Use of Fluorescence-Based Flow Cytometry
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Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses
ARIZONA ARBOVIRAL HANDBOOK FOR CHIKUNGUNYA, DENGUE, AND ZIKA VIRUSES 7/31/2017 Arizona Department of Health Services | P a g e 1 Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 4 I: CHIKUNGUNYA ..................................................................................................... 5 Chikungunya Ecology and Transmission ....................................... 6 Chikungunya Clinical Disease and Case Management ............... 7 Chikungunya Laboratory Testing .................................................. 8 Chikungunya Case Definitions ...................................................... 9 Chikungunya Case Classification Algorithm ............................... 11 II: DENGUE .............................................................................................................. 12 Dengue Ecology and Transmission .............................................. 14 Dengue Clinical Disease and Case Management ...................... 14 Dengue Laboratory Testing ......................................................... 17 Dengue Case Definitions ............................................................ 19 Dengue Case Classification Algorithm ....................................... 23 III: ZIKA .................................................................................................................. -
Evolutionary Relationships and Systematics of the Alphaviruses ANN M
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Nov. 2001, p. 10118–10131 Vol. 75, No. 21 0022-538X/01/$04.00ϩ0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.21.10118–10131.2001 Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Evolutionary Relationships and Systematics of the Alphaviruses ANN M. POWERS,1,2† AARON C. BRAULT,1† YUKIO SHIRAKO,3‡ ELLEN G. STRAUSS,3 1 3 1 WENLI KANG, JAMES H. STRAUSS, AND SCOTT C. WEAVER * Department of Pathology and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-06091; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado2; and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 911253 Received 1 May 2001/Accepted 8 August 2001 Partial E1 envelope glycoprotein gene sequences and complete structural polyprotein sequences were used to compare divergence and construct phylogenetic trees for the genus Alphavirus. Tree topologies indicated that the mosquito-borne alphaviruses could have arisen in either the Old or the New World, with at least two transoceanic introductions to account for their current distribution. The time frame for alphavirus diversifi- cation could not be estimated because maximum-likelihood analyses indicated that the nucleotide substitution rate varies considerably across sites within the genome. While most trees showed evolutionary relationships consistent with current antigenic complexes and species, several changes to the current classification are proposed. The recently identified fish alphaviruses salmon pancreas disease virus and sleeping disease virus appear to be variants or subtypes of a new alphavirus species. Southern elephant seal virus is also a new alphavirus distantly related to all of the others analyzed. -
A Preliminary Study of Viral Metagenomics of French Bat Species in Contact with Humans: Identification of New Mammalian Viruses
A preliminary study of viral metagenomics of French bat species in contact with humans: identification of new mammalian viruses. Laurent Dacheux, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Ghislaine Guigon, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Mathias Vandenbogaert, Corinne Maufrais, Valérie Caro, Hervé Bourhy To cite this version: Laurent Dacheux, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Ghislaine Guigon, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Mathias Vandenbogaert, et al.. A preliminary study of viral metagenomics of French bat species in contact with humans: identification of new mammalian viruses.. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2014, 9 (1), pp.e87194. 10.1371/journal.pone.0087194.s006. pasteur-01430485 HAL Id: pasteur-01430485 https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01430485 Submitted on 9 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License A Preliminary Study of Viral Metagenomics of French Bat Species in Contact with Humans: Identification of New Mammalian Viruses Laurent Dacheux1*, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez1, -
Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana
Sampling and Testing Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana Please click on the species of interest: Cattle Deer and Small Ruminants The Louisiana Animal Swine Disease Diagnostic Horses Laboratory Dogs A service unit of the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Adapted from Murphy, F.A., et al, Veterinary Virology, 3rd ed. Cats Academic Press, 1999. Compiled by Rob Poston Multi-species: Rabiesvirus DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 1 Cattle Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 2 Deer and Small Ruminants Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral disease Respiratory viral disease Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 3 Swine Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 4 Horses Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Neurological viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Abortifacient/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 5 Dogs Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. -
Introduction to Flow Cytometry Principles Data Analysis Protocols Troubleshooting
Flow Cytometry ipl.qxd 11/12/06 11:14 Page i Introduction to Flow Cytometry Principles Data analysis Protocols Troubleshooting By Misha Rahman, Ph.D. Technical advisors Andy Lane, Ph.D. Angie Swindell, M.Sc. Sarah Bartram, B.Sc. Your first choice for antibodies! Flow Cytometry ipl.qxd 11/12/06 11:14 Page ii Flow Cytometry ipl.qxd 11/12/06 11:14 Page iii Introduction to Flow Cytometry Principles Data analysis Protocols Troubleshooting By Misha Rahman, Ph.D. Technical advisors Andy Lane, Ph.D. Angie Swindell, M.Sc. Sarah Bartram, B.Sc. Flow Cytometry ipl.qxd 11/12/06 11:14 Page 2 Preface How can I explain what flow cytometry is to someone that knows nothing about it? Well, imagine it to be a lot like visiting a supermarket. You choose the goods you want and take them to the cashier. Usually you have to pile them onto a conveyor. The clerk picks up one item at a time and interrogates it with a laser to read the barcode. Once identified and if sense prevails, similar goods are collected together e.g. fruit and vegetables go into one shopping bag and household goods into another. Now picture in your mind the whole process automated; replace shopping with biological cells; and substitute the barcode with cellular markers – welcome to the world of flow cytometry and cell sorting! We aim to give you a basic overview of all the important facets of flow cytometry without delving too deeply into the complex mathematics and physics behind it all. For that there are other books (some recommended at the back). -
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (Dhf)
DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DHF) What are DENGUE and DHF? Dengue and DHF are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Cases of dengue and DHF are confirmed every year in travelers returning to the United States after visits to regions such as the South Pacific, Asia, the Caribbean, the Americas and Africa. How is dengue fever spread? Dengue virus is transmitted to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue cannot be spread directly from person to person. What are the symptoms of dengue fever? The most common symptoms of dengue are high fever for 2–7 days, severe headache, backache, joint pains, nausea and vomiting, eye pain and rash. The rash is frequently not visible in dark-skinned people. Young children typically have a milder illness than older children and adults. Most patients report a non-specific flu-like illness. Many patients infected with dengue will not show any symptoms. DHF is a more severe form of dengue. Initial symptoms are the same as dengue but are followed by bleeding problems such as easy bruising, skin hemorrhages, bleeding from the nose or gums, and possible bleeding of the internal organs. DHF is very rare. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear? Symptoms of dengue can occur from 3-14 days, commonly 4-7 days, after the bite of an infected mosquito. What is the treatment for dengue fever? There is no specific treatment for dengue. Treatment usually involves treating symptoms such as managing fever, general aches and pains. Persons who have traveled to a tropical or sub-tropical region should consult their physician if they develop symptoms. -
Hantavirus Disease Were HPS Is More Common in Late Spring and Early Summer in Seropositive in One Study in the U.K
Hantavirus Importance Hantaviruses are a large group of viruses that circulate asymptomatically in Disease rodents, insectivores and bats, but sometimes cause illnesses in humans. Some of these agents can occur in laboratory rodents or pet rats. Clinical cases in humans vary in Hantavirus Fever, severity: some hantaviruses tend to cause mild disease, typically with complete recovery; others frequently cause serious illnesses with case fatality rates of 30% or Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal higher. Hantavirus infections in people are fairly common in parts of Asia, Europe and Syndrome (HFRS), Nephropathia South America, but they seem to be less frequent in North America. Hantaviruses may Epidemica (NE), Hantavirus occasionally infect animals other than their usual hosts; however, there is currently no Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), evidence that they cause any illnesses in these animals, with the possible exception of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary nonhuman primates. Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Nephrosonephritis, Epidemic Etiology Hemorrhagic Fever, Korean Hantaviruses are members of the genus Orthohantavirus in the family Hantaviridae Hemorrhagic Fever and order Bunyavirales. As of 2017, 41 species of hantaviruses had officially accepted names, but there is ongoing debate about which viruses should be considered discrete species, and additional viruses have been discovered but not yet classified. Different Last Updated: September 2018 viruses tend to be associated with the two major clinical syndromes in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary (or cardiopulmonary) syndrome (HPS). However, this distinction is not absolute: viruses that are usually associated with HFRS have been infrequently linked to HPS and vice versa. A mild form of HFRS in Europe is commonly called nephropathia epidemica. -
Your Child Or Family Member May Have Dengue Fever According to Their Clinical History and Physical Examination
Your child or family member may have dengue fever according to their clinical history and physical examination. If it is dengue, serious complications of the disease can develop. If the complications are recognized early, and a doctor is consulted, it may save the patient’s life. Your doctor can order more tests to see if the patient needs to be hospitalized. The doctor can also order specific tests for dengue, but those tests will take longer than a week for the results to come back. How to Care for the Patient While They Have a Fever: Bed rest. Let patient rest as much as possible. Control the fever. Give acetaminophen or paracetamol (Tylenol) every 6 hours (maximum 4 doses per day). Do not give ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) aspirin, or aspirin containing drugs. Sponge patient’s skin with cool water if fever stays high. Prevent dehydration which occurs when a person loses too much fluid (from high fevers, vomiting, or poor oral intake). Give plenty of fluids and watch for signs of dehydration. Bring patient to clinic or emergency room if any of the following signs develop: Decrease in urination (check number of wet diapers or trips to the bathroom) Few or no tears when child cries Dry mouth, tongue or lips Sunken eyes Listlessness or overly agitated or confused Fast heart beat (more than 100/min) Cold or clammy fingers and toes Sunken fontanel in infant DO WHILE THE PATIENT HAS FEVER DO WHILE THE PATIENT Prevent spread of dengue within your house. Place patient under bed net or use insect repellent on the patient while they have a fever. -
Dengue and Yellow Fever
GBL42 11/27/03 4:02 PM Page 262 CHAPTER 42 Dengue and Yellow Fever Dengue, 262 Yellow fever, 265 Further reading, 266 While the most important viral haemorrhagic tor (Aedes aegypti) as well as reinfestation of this fevers numerically (dengue and yellow fever) are insect into Central and South America (it was transmitted exclusively by arthropods, other largely eradicated in the 1960s). Other factors arboviral haemorrhagic fevers (Crimean– include intercontinental transport of car tyres Congo and Rift Valley fevers) can also be trans- containing Aedes albopictus eggs, overcrowding mitted directly by body fluids. A third group of of refugee and urban populations and increasing haemorrhagic fever viruses (Lassa, Ebola, Mar- human travel. In hyperendemic areas of Asia, burg) are only transmitted directly, and are not disease is seen mainly in children. transmitted by arthropods at all. The directly Aedes mosquitoes are ‘peri-domestic’: they transmissible viral haemorrhagic fevers are dis- breed in collections of fresh water around the cussed in Chapter 41. house (e.g. water storage jars).They feed on hu- mans (anthrophilic), mainly by day, and feed re- peatedly on different hosts (enhancing their role Dengue as vectors). Dengue virus is numerically the most important Clinical features arbovirus infecting humans, with an estimated Dengue virus may cause a non-specific febrile 100 million cases per year and 2.5 billion people illness or asymptomatic infection, especially in at risk.There are four serotypes of dengue virus, young children. However, there are two main transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and it is un- clinical dengue syndromes: dengue fever (DF) usual among arboviruses in that humans are the and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). -
Florida Arbovirus Surveillance Week 13: March 28-April 3, 2021
Florida Arbovirus Surveillance Week 13: March 28-April 3, 2021 Arbovirus surveillance in Florida includes endemic mosquito-borne viruses such as West Nile virus (WNV), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), as well as exotic viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and California encephalitis group viruses (CEV). Malaria, a parasitic mosquito-borne disease is also included. During the period of March 28- April 3, 2021, the following arboviral activity was recorded in Florida. WNV activity: No human cases of WNV infection were reported this week. No horses with WNV infection were reported this week. No sentinel chickens tested positive for antibodies to WNV this week. In 2021, positive samples from two sentinel chickens has been reported from two counties. SLEV activity: No human cases of SLEV infection were reported this week. No sentinel chickens tested positive for antibodies to SLEV this week. In 2021, no positive samples have been reported. EEEV activity: No human cases of EEEV infection were reported this week. No horses with EEEV infection were reported this week. No sentinel chickens tested positive for antibodies to EEEV this week. In 2021, positive samples from one horse and 14 sentinel chickens have been reported from four counties. International Travel-Associated Dengue Fever Cases: No cases of dengue fever were reported this week in persons that had international travel. In 2021, one travel-associated dengue fever case has been reported. Dengue Fever Cases Acquired in Florida: No cases of locally acquired dengue fever were reported this week. In 2021, no cases of locally acquired dengue fever have been reported. -
Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and the Zika Virus
#57 Focus Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and the Zika Virus Arboviruses are a group of virus that can be southern regions of mainland France and transmitted between animals and humans, on the island of Réunion, Aedes albopictus and they are common to humans and many provides the sole vector for transmission. vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, Transmission amphibians). There are over 500 species of Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and the Zika arbovirus, sub-divided into approximately virus are all transmitted in the same way. 10 different families, including Togaviridae, Human to human transmission takes place Flaviviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, International and Bunyaviridae. These viruses have RNA by mosquito vector in urban areas during with a very heterogeneous structure and are epidemics: the mosquito picks up the virus transmitted via bites from hematophagous when it bites a carrier, and then transmits it arthropods such as mosquitoes, sandflies, to a healthy person with another bite. The ticks and mites (arbovirus is short for mosquito bites people outside their homes arthropod-borne virus). throughout the day, with peak activity at dawn and dusk. The mosquitoes live in Chikungunya urban areas and lay their eggs in pools of stagnant water (250 eggs every 2 days), This disease was first described in Tanzania where they develop into larvae. The eggs in 1952. It is caused by an arbovirus of the are resistant to the cold in winter and hatch genus Alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. when weather conditions improve. It was then also described in Africa, Southeast Aedes albopictus is spreading globally; it Asia, the Indian subcontinent and the Indian has adapted to both tropical and temperate Ocean. -
Hantavirus Host Assemblages and Human Disease in the Atlantic Forest
RESEARCH ARTICLE Hantavirus host assemblages and human disease in the Atlantic Forest 1,2 1,3 4,5,6 Renata L. MuylaertID *, Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp , Gilberto Sabino-Santos Jr , Paula R. Prist7, Geruza Leal Melo8, Camila de FaÂtima Priante1, David A. Wilkinson2, Milton Cezar Ribeiro1, David T. S. Hayman2 1 Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil, 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 3 PPG Ecologia e ConservacËão da Biodiversidade, LEAC, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, IlheÂus, BA, Brazil, 4 Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, 5 Department of Laboratory a1111111111 Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 6 Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 7 Instituto de BiocieÃncias, a1111111111 Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de SaÄo Paulo (USP), SaÄo Paulo, SP, Brazil, 8 Programa de PoÂs- a1111111111 GraduacËão em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Several viruses from the genus Orthohantavirus are known to cause lethal disease in Citation: Muylaert RL, Bovendorp RS, Sabino- humans. Sigmodontinae rodents are the main hosts responsible for hantavirus transmission Santos G, Jr, Prist PR, Melo GL, Priante CdF, et al. in the tropical forests, savannas, and wetlands of South America. These rodents can shed (2019) Hantavirus host assemblages and human different hantaviruses, such as the lethal and emerging Araraquara orthohantavirus. Factors disease in the Atlantic Forest.