Fracture and Unification: The , , Sui, and Tang Dynasties 200 BCE-900 CE Let’s Review…  – ’s first Dynasty  All based around He River ( River) – China’s Sorrow  King’s – regional administration to family members  Early Writing (Oracle Bones)  – flood control/ channels  Dynasty- 1122BCE  (Legitimize switch of dynastic family)  Longest lasting dynasty (600 Years)  Transformed Warfare (, Horseback)  Decentralized – local rulers run (feudal system)  The constant competition would undo the Dynasty and lead to the…  Era of Warring States-  480BCE-220BCE (Almost two centuries of turmoil) (221-206 BCE)  Qin (pron. Chin) = 1 of Warring States of period c. 481- 221 BCE  Conquered others, declaring creation of empire 221 BCE  Qin Huandi (r. 221-210 BCE) = first emperor  Built  Enormous tomb complex  Economic power of state: goal = increase productivity  Centralization of administration  “Bureaucratization” Ideologies of the Empire

(551-479 BCE)  Moral order  Emphasis on hierarchy, ritual,  Ideal = the moral leader (Gentleman), shaped by education  Legalism  Strict laws and enforcement  Daoism  Mystical  Emphasis on simplicity  Legalist effort to suppress (206 BCE-220 CE)

 Brief civil war accompanied the fall of the Qin dynasty  Bang established a new dynasty through warfare  Social/political hierarchy established by privileged scholars

 Emperor (156 B.C..–29 , 87 B.C.E.)  Centralized Confucianism  A basis for promotion in  Established as absolute in  How do we know? The Court Historians Military Power “Militarism” - Large-scale expansion of  Men 20-50 were conscripted into military  300,000-1,000,000  Mandatory one year training & service  Could be called back during war  Constant battles w/ (Huns)  Demanded from enemies  Technology included the and horses from Economics  New technology = economic prosperity  Paper   Breast strap harness for horses  Tapping of pockets  industry and production of

 Tight government control over business  Parthian traders (Intermediaries between Rome/China) c.57 B.C.E. –  Reaches Rome

Changes in the Han Empire

 Population shift from north to south  Population of South grows by 50%  Natural Disasters – breaks banks twice  Violence (massacres and warfare) Fall of Han Dynasty - 9 C.E. Temporary fall– No succession followed by 20 yrs of turmoil

Later Han dynasty (23-220 CE)  Not as powerful as former empire  Alliances w/ barbarians – – absorption by foreign peoples (like Rome)  Oppression of peasants  Increased Taxation – many move under landlords (European Fedualism)  Government has difficulty controlling these landlords. Fall of Han Dynasty - 184 C.E. Fall of Han- New Era in China

 Yellow Turban (Scarves) Revolt  Led by Jue - Doaist  Onset of more revolts afterwards  Internal political problems - factions (emperor, , advisors, guards, eunuchs, court women)  Empire broken up among  Feudal life ensues. Society and Culture  North-South upon the fall 1. Variety of ecological reasons 2. Mix with nomadic peoples  Several nomadic groups conquered parts of the north

Tradition of unity remained  Disintegration period: arts flourished  = unifying force  appeared in China during 1st CE Reunification Sui (581- 618 C.E.) and Tang dynasty (618 - 907 C.E.)  New centralization  (1,104 mi)  Massive economic undertaking  Connected North & South  /Technology advances  Block  Poetry  Flourishing of Buddhism 1. Assimilation = major theme 2. Great expansion into 3. Political control short but influence longstanding  Examples: i. 1. Periodic revolts against Chinese domination a. Annam = province for 1000 years 2. Adopted various Chinese customs ii. 1. state 2. Deep cultural influence iii. 1. Cultural influence

a. Waves of Korean and Chinese immigration Imperial China Imperial 2. Japanese emperor as figurehead – struggle for separation