Key Skills and Competences Study: Annex B RR

Key Skills and Competences for Defence

EDA contract reference: 14.CPS.OP.030

Annex B

Lucia Retter, Louise Taggart and Jon Freeman

The work described in this report was carried out under EDA contract. Responsibility for the contents resides with the organisation that prepared it.

RAND Europe

RR-1226/1-EDA 10 March 2015

Annex B - Current and Prospective European Equipment Programmes

This Annex accompanies Chapter 3 and presents three tables:

• A table of current procurement programmes with major involvement (design and production) of European defence industry (Table B.1) • A table of maintenance and upgrades requirements currently on contract (Table B.2) • A table of prospective requirements treated as likely in open source literature (Table B.3)

The data underpinning this Annex comes from publically available sources; principally: IHS Jane’s, IISS Military Balance 2014 and SIPRI Trade Register. Additional search with regard to specific programmes was conducted through other open source literature such as defence magazines (e.g. Defence Industry Daily), company press releases and other public media websites (e.g. the Guardian, the BBC, etc). The difficulty to access accurate data on cost, schedule, workshare arrangements or even the full coverage of a given contract in the defence sector is well known. Using publically available data naturally carries with it several risks in terms of its accuracy:

• Publically available data is likely to underestimate the number of procurement programmes as some programmes will not be made known to open sources due to national security reasons or due to lack of transparency. The level of information varies per programme and per country (i.e. cost and schedule information is not available for many large programmes) • Publically available data on cost of programmes is likely to underestimate the true cost1 • Publically available data points are difficult to validate and verify and different information may appear in different (and equally reliable) sources

With these caveats in mind, this Annex seeks to provide some indication of developments in the European defence equipment market, with a focus on those programmes that require significant design and production contribution by European companies (and hence ‘European’ skills). Our analysis does not consider joint programmes with majority share of non- EU companies (such as the Joint Strike Fighter Programme) even though we do recognise that these programmes contain an element of EU companies’ involvement and thus their skills (especially in areas such as management, certification and maintenance).

1 See past RAND studies highlighting underestimation of cost in defence procurement such as Arena et al (2006).

2 Table B.1. Current procurement programmes

Specific Type of designation Producer Delivery Quantity Contract value Notes Sources equipment (recipient (country) schedule country)

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: From 2013 Order cut from 250 to Routledge Deployment on 200 Acquitaine - Originally 200 to be Missile threat. 2013. ‘SCALP Guided precision SCALP Naval MBDA (FR, UK, Originally 910m EUR class in 2014 200 fitted on Aquitaine-class Naval/MCDN.’ George C. weapons (FR) IT) BUT for 250 msl Deployment on frigates (16 per ship) and Marshall and Claremont Barracuda - 50 on Barracuda (12 per Institutes, 2 April 2013, 4:50 class on 2017 ship) p.m. As of 08/12/2014: http://missilethreat.com/missi les/scalp-navalmdcn/

Next generation Beyond IISS.2014. The Military Visual Range Air-to-Air Balance 2014. London: Missile system (BVRAAM) Routledge Guided precision MBDA (FR, UK, that will totally Meteor (FR) 2018 200 Unknown weapons IT) revolutionise air-to-air MBDA. ‘Meteor, Beyond combat in the 21st visual range air-to-air missile century : new technology (BVRAAM)’. As of so new skills 08/12/2014:

2 AT= Austria, BE=Belgium, DE= Germany, ES= Spain, FI= Finland, FR= France, IT= Italy, NL= Netherlands, PL= Poland, SE= Sweden, UK= United Kingdom

http://www.mbda- Compatible with systems.com/mediagallery/fil Eurofighter, Typhoon, es/Meteor_ds.pdf Rafale, Gripen and potentially F-35 Lightning IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. II Joint Strike Fighter ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security First production missile Assessment – Western manufactured from the Europe. Procurement France.’ end of 2012

For trials in late F.21 2015 and are expected IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Support weapons heavyweight DCNS (FR) and 420 million EUR to be commissioned in ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security / small arms/ torpedo (also Atlas Elektronik 2015 (2008) 2016 Assessment – Western artillery called (DE) To be used on Barracuda Europe. Procurement France.’ Artemis) (FR) class submarines

Diehl Defence Diehl, 2013. ‘Diehl receives (DE) Swedish Air Defence As partner of the Contract’, 11/03/2013. SEK1 billion (2013) European missile Support weapons German-led 01:44 p.m. As of for the initial tranche program, Sweden has / small arms/ IRIS-T SLS (SE) consortium, which 2016 08/12/2014: according to some already introduced the artillery also includes http://www.diehl.com/en/nc Swedish accounts IRIS-T air-to-air missile for Italy, Norway, /diehl-defence/press/diehl- its Gripen fighter aircraft. Sweden and receives-swedish-air-defence- Greece contract/6.html

Diehl Defence 700 (DE) operational IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Support weapons Funding to integrate IRIS-T German-led missiles, 70 247.32 million EUR ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security / small arms/ IRIS-T SLS (ES) 2010-2020 on Spain's EF-18 Hornets consortium, which training (2009) Assessment – Western artillery has also been earmarked. also includes missiles and Europe. Procurement Spain.’ Italy, Norway, associated

Sweden and test and Greece support equipment

L43A5 BAE Systems, 2014. ‘BAE Support weapons 105mm 60 000 20.31 million EUR Systems wins $16,8 million / small arms/ Illuminating BAE Systems (UK) 2014-2016 rounds (2014) illuminating shell contract’, 7 artillery artillery shells April 2014. (UK)

Common Development of the Sea IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. Support weapons Anti-air 2016 MBDA (FR, UK, 583.72 million EUR Ceptor shibome local ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security / small arms/ Modular (in-service-time IT) (2012) area defence system for Assessment – Western artillery Missile 2015-2020) the Royal Navy Europe. Procurement UK.’ (CAMM)(UK)

Project to replace the legacy MBDA Sea Skua IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. air-to-surface missile; and ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security France's Anti-Navire Assessment – Western Future Anti- At best tested Léger (ANL) light anti-ship Europe. Procurement UK.’ Surface in 2017-early missile programme.

Guided 2018 Defense Industry Daily, 2014. Weapon - A MoU was signed by Guided precision MBDA (FR, UK, USD827 million ‘Light Naval Strike: MBDA’s Heavy France is David Cameron and weapons IT) (2014) Sea Venom / ANL Missile’. (FASGW-H) planning to François Hollande on 31 28 October 2014, 05:12 (for both equip its January 2014 for the p.m. As of 08/12/2014: France and NH90 by production of the http://www.defenseindustryd the UK) 2020 FASGW. aily.com/light-naval-strike- Integration contract was mbdas-fasgw-h-anl-missile- awarded to Augusta 012879/ Westland by the UK for GBP90 million

Vulcano extended- IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Support weapons range ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security / small arms/ Oto Melara (IT) 2015-2016 projectile Assessment – Western artillery programme Europe. Procurement Italy.’ (IT)

Support weapons Diehl (DE) SEK168 m ($25 m) RBS-15 Mk-3 / small arms/ Licence contract 2014-2016 15 deal (SEK83 m option SIPRI Register Trade (DE) artillery with Saab (SE) on more) (2012)

EUR70 m deal; for 4 Support weapons 127/64LW F-125 frigates / small arms/ Oto Melara (IT) 2012-2018 5 SIPRI Register Trade (DE) produced in FRG and artillery 1 for training (2007)

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Support weapons Krab Self- HSW (PL) [license PLN500 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security / small arms/ Propelled agreement with 2020 24 (2012) Assessment – Western artillery Howitzer (PL) BAE System (UK)] Europe. Procurement Poland.’

Support weapons PzH-2000 Part of EUR1.9 b deal / small arms/ 155mm Rheinmetall (DE) 2015-2018 24 SIPRI Trade Register (2013) artillery (Qatar)

Paveway-4 version Paveway IV Guided precision GBP150 m ($250 m) for Typhoon and (Saudi Raytheon (UK) 2015 2400 SIPRI Trade Register weapons (2013) modernised Tornado Arabia) combat aircraft

Additional order for 332 in Sept. 2009 bringing the total amount to 630 Renault is in charge of the IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. mobility systems and on ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security board electrical networks Assessment – Western Nexter is responsible for Europe. Procurement France.’ 2008-2015 the armoured hull, interior Sénat, 2012. ‘Projet de loi de VBCI 8x8 (already 400 EUR3.49 billion furnishing, assembly and A vehicle Nexter (FR) 630 finances pour 2013: Défense: (FR) in service in (2012) integration of the turret équipement des forces’. As of 2013) and vehicle, observation, 08/12/2014 : command and control, http://www.senat.fr/rap/a1 weapons and self- 2-150-8/a12-150- protection system 815.html#toc290 The first 5 prototypes were delivered in 2004 and the first 3 production vehicles in May 2008

342 IFVs and 8 driver training vehicles IISS.2014. The Military Training of vehicle and Balance 2014. London: 2014 for the maintenance instructors Routledge first ones, EUR3.1 billion (for should begin by the end Foss, Cristopher. F. 2014. production 405 vehicles as of the year, with training ‘German Puma IFV moves should be initially ordered), A vehicle Puma (DE) PSM (DE) 350 of operational users to towards service’. IHS completed in revised down to begin in mid-2015. Jane’s/Berlin, 2 September 2020 but EUR2.7 billion (2012) Two of the five pre- 2014. As of 08/12/2014: could be for 350 production Puma IFVs http://www.janes.com/articl extended have been fitted a pod of e/42659/german-puma-ifv- two EuroSpike long-range moves-towards-service anti-tank guided

weapons, and it is anticipated that this will be fitted to production vehicles. Installation of a defensive aids system (DAS) developed by Airbus Defense and Space.

Krauss-Maffei & Leopard 2A6 Part of EUR1.9 b deal A vehicle Maschinenbau 2015-2018 62 Leopard-2A7 version SIPRI Trade Register (Qatar) (2013) Kiel (DE)

Additional order bringing the country's inventory to IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. WZM (PL) [license USD544.1 million 877 vehicles ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security A vehicle Rosomak (PL) agreement with 2014-2019 307 (2013) Incl. mortar carrier, Assessment – Western Patria (FI)] command and Europe. Procurement Poland.’ reconnaissance versions

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Military trucks USD218 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle HSW (PL) 2014-2018 910 (PL) (2013) Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement Poland.’

770 (this IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. notably ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security 99 to be handed over to Utility includes 185 EUR149 million Assessment – Western B vehicle UROVESA (ES) 2014-2019 the navy over a five year vehicles (ES) AMV APC + (2013) Europe. Procurement Spain.’ period from 2014 122 AMV IFV) SIPRI Trade Register

Badger - License 'Hoefyster' programme A vehicle 2015-2022 238 ZAR8.8 b ($1.2 b) SIPRI Trade Register AMV IFV agreement with (incl 222 produced in

(South Africa) Patria (FI) (70% South Africa with up to produced in 70% of vehicle incl turrets South Africa) produced in South Africa); most IFV version; South African designation Badger

Zakłady Mechaniczne WZT-3M B vehicle Bumar-Łabędy From 2014 204 $275 m (2011) SIPRI Trade Register (India) S.A. (PL) (licence contract)

Offsets 100% incl production of components in Norway Part of NOK10 b Hagglunds, CV-90 2015- Part of NOK6 b programme A vehicle Bofors (SE) 103 SIPRI Trade Register (Norway) 2017/2018 ($750 m) (2012) Includes 88 to be fitted (licence contract) with turrets from old Norwegian CV-9030 IFV and 15 command post version

Offsets 100% incl production of components in Norway Hagglunds, Part of NOK10 b CV-9030 2015- Part of NOK6 b A vehicle Bofors (SE) 7 programme. Includes 88 SIPRI Trade Register (Norway) 2017/2018 ($750 m) (2012) (licence contract) to be fitted with turrets from old Norwegian CV- 9030 IFV and 15 command post version

Tpz-1 Fuchs Rheinmetall B vehicle 2015-2025 1200 SIPRI Trade Register (Algeria) Landsysteme (DE)

Delay for redesign IISS.2014. The Military Non-nuclear EUR2.13 billion reasons S-80A (ES) Navantia (ES) 2014-2017 4 Balance 2014. London: submarine (2013) First vessel S-82 to be Routledge delivered in 2014

First commissioned Dec Katsonis-class IISS.2014. The Military Non-nuclear TKMS (HDW) EUR2.03 billion 2010 (Type-214) 2004-2016 6 Balance 2014. London: submarine (DE) (2010) 3 further vessels launched (HE) Routledge but commissioning stalled

Reactor easier to operate Total of: GBP15-20 than the current reactors, billion (2006 White IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. requires less BAE Systems / paper, cited in NAO ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Successor- maintenance, and has a Nuclear Rolls Royce / Major Projects Report Assessment – Western class SSBN By 2028 6 longer operational life, submarine Babcock Marine 2013) Europe. Procurement UK.’ (UK) meaning that the (UK) Concept phase: NAO Major Projects Report Successor submarines will GBP66 million 2013 be able to stay in service

until the 2060s.

Second batch Already two submarines IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. of two Non-nuclear 2015 and EUR915 million of this class ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Todaro-class Fincantieri (IT) 2 submarine 2016 (2008) commissioned in 2006 Assessment – Western (Type 212A) and 2007 Europe. Procurement Italy.’ (IT)

Part of EUR6.8 b Non-nuclear Scorpene DCNS (FR) 2017-2021 4 'SDP' programme SBR version SIPRI Trade Register submarine (Brazil) (licence contract) (2009)

Non-nuclear Scorpene DCNS (FR) Delayed from INR207-230 b ($4.1- 6 'Project-75' programme SIPRI Trade Register submarine (India) (licence contract) 2012-2017 to 4.5 b) (2005) 9

2016/2017- 2021/2022

SIPRI Trade Register

Ege Bekdil, Burak. 2014. ‘Turkish-German Submarine HDW (DE) Deal Faces Setbacks’. (Licence contract) Ankara: DefenseNews: 8 (U214/1200 November 2014, 03:45 a.m. Cerbe class has As of 09/12/2014: an 80% industrial http://www.defensenews.co Replacement of older offset provision, m/article/20141108/DEFRE Non-nuclear Type-214 boats like Turkey’s U209- with Golcuk 2015-2020 6 EUR2.2 b G01/311080012/Turkish- submarine (Turkey) based Preveze and Atilay Naval Shipyard German-Submarine-Deal- classes (Turkey) retaining Faces-Setbacks its position as the Defense Industry Daily. 2014. build location. ‘Today’s special: Turkey STM (Turkey) will subs’. 13 May 2014, 06:06 assist.) p.m. UTC. As of 09/12/2014: http://www.defenseindustryd aily.com/todays-special- turkey-sub-rfi-02088/

Todaro-class Non-nuclear HDW (DE) (Type-212) 2015-2016 2 SIPRI Trade Register submarine (licence contract) (IT)

Non-nuclear Type-214 HDW (DE) 2014-2020 6 'KSS-2' programme SIPRI Trade Register submarine (South Korea) (Licence contract)

Non-nuclear Type- HDW (DE) From 2016 2 SIPRI Trade Register

10 submarine 209/1500 (Egypt)

SIPRI Trade Register Naval-technology.com. 2014. ‘Brazil building new nuclear submarine to Joint venture safeguard offshore resources’. comprising Part of EUR6.8 b Nuclear Nuclear reactor designed 4 June 2014. As of SNBR (Brazil) Odebrecht 2025 1 'SDP' programme submarine and produced in Brazil 09/12/2014: (Brazil) and (2009) http://www.naval- DCNS (FR) technology.com/news/newsb razil-building-new-nuclear- submarine-to-safeguard- offshore-resources-4284615

First one on Nov. 2012 / Next one IISS.2014. The Military scheduled on Balance 2014. London: May 2012 Routledge and launched Barreira, Victor. 2014. Aquitaine - on Oct. 2012; ‘Second French FREMM Frigate class (FR) - DCNS (FR) 5 to be 11 USD23.6 billion completes sea trials’. IHS FREMM delivered Jane’s/Lisbon, 28 June 2014. 2014-2019; 8 As of 08/12/2014: have been http://www.janes.com/articl ordered; 11 e/40094/second-french- are planned fremm-completes-sea-trials Expected in service: 2022

Frigate Baden- TKMS (DE) 2016-2018 4 EUR2 billion (2007) IISS.2014. The Military

Wurttemberg Balance 2014. London: class (DE) Routledge

Third ship Carlo Margottini is 76% complete and delivery is expected for February 2013-2017 2014. Carabiniere , 54% IISS.2014. The Military Bergamini- Orizzonte Sistemi Frigate (in-service time 6 EUR1.6 billion (2008) completed, Alpino, and Balance 2014. London: class (IT) Navali (FR, IT) 2021) Luigi Rizzo - respectively Routledge the fourth, fifth, and sixth FREMM - will follow in February 2015, 2016, and 2017

Karel IISS.2014. The Military Multi-purpose Damen Schelde Doorman- 2014 1 EUR364million (2009) Balance 2014. London: frigate (NL) class (NL) Routledge

ISD delayed until 2018 and 2020 Aircraft Carrier Trials expected to begin IISS.2014. The Military Alliance, on 2016 Balance 2014. London: partnering British engineers Routledge Queen relationship constructing the Royal

Carrier Elizabeth - between BAE 2014-2016 2 GBP3.9 billion (2008) Navy’s largest ever BAE Systems, 2014. CV class (UK) Systems, Thales warships have invented a ‘Assembly begins on HMS UK, Babcock and novel mobile application Prince of Wales’, 10 the Ministry of to help them find their September 2014. Defence (UK) way around one of the most complex workplaces in the world.

They are designed to replace the existing Type 23 frigates, which, under From 2016 current planning In-service time IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. BAE Systems (UK) assumptions, will be from the ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security + many GBP158million phased out of service at Type-26 class 2020's - mid- Assessment – Western Frigate subcontractors 13 (2010) for Assessment the rate of about one a (UK) 2030's Europe. Procurement UK.’, and partners phase year beginning in 2019, (remaining in NAO Major Projects Report, with the last Type 23 ship service till 2013. retiring in 2036. 2060) The Type 26 will form the backbone of the RN fleet until at least 2060.

Includes production of Licence contract: components and Sigma-105 manufacturing on Frigate 2017 1 $220 m (2013) assembly in Indonesia SIPRI Trade Register (Indonesia) Schelde shipyard Part of 'PKR' programme; (NL) SIGMA-10514 version

SIPRI Trade Register Hardy, James. 2014. ‘Australia receives first BAE Systems First ship commissioned in Canberra-class LHD’. IHS Canberra- Amphibious / Australia AUD3 b ($2.4b) November 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly, 9 class 2014-2015 2 landing craft Navantia (ES) (2007) 'Project Sea-4000' Phase- October 2014. As of (Australia) (licence contract) 4A/B/C' 09/12/2014: http://www.janes.com/articl e/44335/australia-receives- first-canberra-class-lhd

Cruiser / Hobart-Class AWD Alliance AUD4.8 b ($4.1 b) 'Project Sea-4000' for SIPRI Trade Register 2016-2018 3 destroyer (Australia) (Australia) (2007) 'Air

Navantia (ES) Naval-technology.com. (licence contract) 2014. ‘Hobart Class Air Warfare Destroyers, Australia’. As of 09/12/2014: http://www.naval- technology.com/projects/hob artclassairwarfar/

Elefsis Shipyards (HE) Coastal patrol Roussen-class BAE Systems 2015-2016 2 EUR299 m (2008) SIPRI Trade Register vessel (HE) Surface Ships (UK) (licence contract)

Meko-A200 Frigate TKMS (DE) From 2017 2 Possible option on 2 more SIPRI Trade Register (Algeria)

Vladivostok- EUR1.1 b deal (incl Postponed until further Amphibious / class (Mistral- DCNS (FR) production of 2014-2015 2 notice due to the SIPRI Trade Register landing craft Class) (licence contract) components in Russia) Ukrainian crisis (Russia) (2011)

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Western Auxiliary / BMM (Multi 3 + option Europe. Procurement France.’ DCNS and Piriou EUR100 million Contract signed in early offshore patrol Mission 2015-2016 for a fourth Cognasse, Olivier. 2014. (FR) (2014) 2014 vessel Ships) (FR) one ‘Piriou gagne avec DCNS le contract des B2M’. Usine Nouvelle.com/Bretagne, 9 January 2014, 04:51 p.m.

As of 08/12/2014 : http://www.usinenouvelle.co m/article/piriou-gagne-avec- dcns-le-contrat-des- b2m.N231017

Shared Infrastructure (new state of the art operating system) revolutionises the way ships operate by BAE Systems, 2014. ‘New Offshore Offshore patrol GBP348 million using virtual technologies contract awarded for Royal Patrol Vessels BAE Systems (UK) 2017 3 vessel (2014) to host and integrate the Navy offshore patrol vessels’, (UK) sensors, weapons and 12 August 2014. management systems that complex warships require.

Thales Nederland IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. ORP Slazak, Coastal patrol (FR) and Polish EUR100 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Gawron-class Nov 2016 1 vessel company Enamor (2013) Assessment – Western corvette (PL) (PL) Europe. Procurement Poland.’

IHS Jane’s, 20/02/2014. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Ready Duty Assessment – Western Coastal patrol EUR26.6 million Ships - Castor Socarenam (FR) 2014-2015 2 Europe. Procurement vessel (2013) (RDS) (BE) Belgium.’

SIPRI Trade Register

Samuel Option for a 3rd one SIPRI Trade Register Offshore patrol Babcock Marine Beckett-class 2014-2015 2 EUR99 m (2010) Should be delivered in Scott, Richard. 2014. vessel (UK) OPV (Ireland) 2016 ‘Second Irish OPV afloat at

Babcock's Appledore shipyard’. IHS Jane’s Navy International, 24 November 2014. As of 09/12/2014: http://www.janes.com/articl e/46240/second-irish-opv- afloat-at-babcock-s-appledore- shipyard

20 de Julio Offshore patrol Fassmer (DE) (OPV-80) 2015 1 SIPRI Trade Register vessel (licence contract) (Colombia)

Gowind DCNS (FR) Frigate Combat From 2017 6 'SGVP-LCS' programme SIPRI Trade Register (licence contract) (Malaysia)

Macae-class Offshore patrol CMN (FR) (P-400) 2015 1 NAPA-500 version SIPRI Trade Register vessel (licence contract) (Brazil)

SIPRI Trade Register Public Works and Government Services Seaspan Marine Replacing the aging Protecteur- Canada. 2014. Corporation Queenston-class CAD2.6 b class ‘Backgrounder: Joint Support Auxiliary (Canada) From 2017 2 (Canada) ($2.6 b) Joint Support Ships programme Ships (JSS)’ 19 November (licence contract Option for a third ship 2014. As of 09/12/2014: with DE) http://www.tpsgc- pwgsc.gc.ca/app-acq/sam- mps/dinsi-bkjss-eng.html

Coastal patrol Kormoran II Remontowa 2018, 2022 Saab (Sw) double eagle IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. 3 Unknown vessel mine Shipbuilding and 2026 system to be added to the ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security

destroyers Gdańsk and (according to ships Assessment – Western (PL) Naval Shipyard a strategic Europe. Procurement Poland.’ Gdynia plan March consortium (PL) 2013)

2016 for the first one and then the two others between 2019 and 2022 (according to another doc published by the Navy)

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge

2006 and still Dassault, 2014. ‘The French ongoing Order increased to 180 defense procurement agency The delivery of in 2009 but annual (DGA) takes delivery of its 1st Air defence / the retrofitted production rate slowed retrofitted Rafale “Marine” interdiction Rafale F3 (FR) Dassault (FR) Rafale Marine 180 from Dassault Aviation’, 10 (multirole) aircraft will be 133 delivered in October July 2014. As of staggered over 2014 08/12/2014: a period up to http://www.dassault- 2017. aviation.com/en/dassault- aviation/press/press- kits/french-defense- procurement-agency-dga-

takes-delivery-1st-retrofitted- rafale-marine-dassault- aviation/

31 aircraft Tranche 3A IISS.2014. The Military order signed in 2009 Balance 2014. London: Eurofighter Typhoon From 2003 Routledge deliveries to Germany, Mostly already Chuter, Andrew. 2014. Italy and Spain have Eurofighter in service but ‘Manufacturing Fault Air defence / been halted while the EF2000 Eurofighter GmbH due to delays 143 (31 in EUR2.8 billion (2009) Suspends Typhoon Deliveries interdiction fighter company and the (Typhoon) (UK, DE, IT, ES) or additional Tranche 3A) for Tranche 3 to Germany, Italy, Spain’. (multirole) governments discuss (DE) orders, some DefenseNews, 2 October commercial issues related new aircrafts 2014, 03:45 a.m. As of to the discovery of a to be delivered 08/12/2014: manufacturing fault on the http://www.defensenews.co rear fuselage of the m/article/20141002/DEFRE aircraft G01/310020026/Manufact From 2004 21 aircraft order Tranche uring-Fault-Suspends-Typhoon- EUR9 billion (2009) Mostly already 3A order signed in 2009 Deliveries-Germany-Italy- for all of the different in service but + first Eurofighter partner Spain Air defence / countries' Eurofighter Eurofighter GmbH due to delays 96 (21 in to formally withdraw from Briganti, Giovanni de. 2013. interdiction Typhoon (IT) Tranche 3 orders (UK, DE, IT, ES) or additional Tranche 3A) Tranche 3B of the ‘Cassidian Faulted for (multirole) combined - unclear orders, some programme + In May Eurofighter Costs, EuroHawk what Italy's new aircrafts 2013, 69 Eurofighters Debacle’. Defense- contribution was to be delivered had been delivered aerospace.com, 15 July 2013. As of 08/12/2014: From 2003 EUR9 billion (2009) 21 aircraft Tranche A http://www.defense- Mostly already for all of the different order signed in 2009 Air defence / aerospace.com/article- Eurofighter GmbH in service but countries' Eurofighter interdiction Typhoon (ES) 74 view/feature/146590/cassid (UK, DE, IT, ES) due to delays Tranche 3 orders Agreement to postpone (multirole) ian-hit-by-eurofighter,- or additional combined - unclear delivery of 15 Tranche 2 eurohawk-controversies.html orders, some what Spain's Eurofighters until 2015

new aircrafts contribution was to be delivered

40 aircraft ordered as part of Tranche 3A, including 24 to replace From 2004 elements of Tranche 2 Mostly already order diverted to the in service but RSAF as part of Project Air defence / Eurofighter GmbH due to delays 160 (40 in USD4.97 billion Salam interdiction Typhoon (UK) (UK, DE, IT, ES) or additional Tranche 3A) (2009) for Tranche 3 Britain, the fourth nation (multirole) orders, some of the pan-European new aircrafts fighter program, is to be delivered continuing to accept aircraft and has already received 124 aircrafts out of 160

Air defence / Typhoon Eurofighter GmbH Part of GBP2.5 b ($4 interdiction Tranche 3 From 2017 12 SIPRI Trade Register (UK, DE, IT, ES) b) deal (2012) (multirole) (Oman)

In addition, Saab is contracted to provide 60 Gripen E to the Swedish IHS Jane’s. 2014. ‘Saab JAS Air Force. Originally, 39 Gripen’ As of these were going to be Air defence / 08/12/2014: re-manufactured interdiction / air Gripen NG https://janes.ihs.com/Custo Saab (SE) 2018-2016 60 USD2.5 billion (2013) upgrades of Gripen C/D support (SE) mPages/Janes/DisplayPage. aircraft, but the Swedish (multirole) aspx?DocType=Reference&Ite Parliament recently mId=+++1343049&Pubabbr decided to have Saab ev=JAWA provide 60 completely new-build Gripen E between 2018 -2026

IHS Jane’s. 2014. ‘Saab JAS 39 Gripen’ As of This 36 will comprise 28 Air defence / 08/12/2014: single-seat Gripen E and interdiction / air Gripen NG SEK39.3 billion https://janes.ihs.com/Custo Saab (SE) 2019-2024 36 8 twin-seat Gripen F support (Brazil) (2014) mPages/Janes/DisplayPage. aircraft to be delivered (multirole) aspx?DocType=Reference&Ite between 2019 and 2024 mId=+++1343049&Pubabbr ev=JAWA

$600 m deal (without Air support M346 (Israel) Aermacchi (IT) From 2014 30 engines; offsets SIPRI Trade Register 100%) (2012)

Air support M346 (PL) Aermacchi (IT) 2016-2017 8 EUR280 m Option on 4 more SIPRI Trade Register

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. M-349 Alenia Aermacchi USD377 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Air support Advanced Jet (Finmeccanica) 2016-2017 8 (2014) Assessment – Western Trainer (PL) (IT) Europe. Procurement Poland.’

BAE Systems (UK) Hawk-100 (licence contract GBP700-735 m ($1.1 Air support 2013-2015 57 Hawk-132 version SIPRI Trade Register (India) with Indian b) (2010) manufacturers)

Hawk-100 Part of GBP1.6 b deal Air support (Saudi BAE Systems (UK) From 2016 22 Hawk AJT version SIPRI Trade Register (2012) Arabia)

From 2013 25 billion euros for IISS.2014. The Military Tactical and A400M Atlas EADS / Airbus (3rd aircraft 50 180 A400Ms for 7 Balance 2014. London: strategic lift (FR) (FR, DE, ES) delivered in European countries Routledge

july 2014, 5th Airforce-technology.com, a/c delivered 2014. ‘France receives fifth in Sept 2014); A400M aircraft from Airbus’. deliveries to be 11 September 2014. As of completed by 08/12/2014: 2025 http://www.airforce- technology.com/news/newsfr ance-receives-fifth-a400m- aircraft-from-airbus-4368413

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge Airbus Defence and Space, 2014. ‘Airbus Defence and Space begins final assembly First German aircraft now of first A400M for Germany’. From 2014 expected on 2014 4 February 2014. (first one to be 25 billion euros for Tactical and A400M Atlas EADS / Airbus Originally 60 and then Black, Jeff. 2013. ‘German delivered in 53 180 A400Ms for 7 strategic lift (DE) (FR, DE, ES) reduced to 53. Reduction Defense Ministry denies November European countries proposal to 40 aircrafts report on A400M delivery 2014) in late 2011 threat’. Bloomberg.com, 21 July 2013, 3:04 p.m. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.bloomberg.com/ news/2013-07-21/german- defense-ministry-denies-report- on-a400m-delivery-threat.html

25 billion euros for IISS.2014. The Military Tactical and A400M Atlas EADS / Airbus Completed in 27 180 A400Ms for 7 Balance 2014. London: strategic lift (ES) (FR, DE, ES) 2018 European countries Routledge

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge Defence Equipment and Support, Philip Dunne MP. 2014. ‘The brand new aircraft has arrived at RAF 2014 / UK now due to take 1st of Brize Norton.’ MoD, 27 Novr Tactical and A400M Atlas EADS / Airbus expected to be 22 aircrafts in 2014 2014. As of 08/12/2014: 22 GBP2.8 billion (2014) strategic lift (UK) (FR, DE, ES) completed in Original order reduced https://www.gov.uk/govern 2019 by 3 ment/news/first-uk-a400m- atlas-delivered-to-the-raf Royal Air Force 2014. ‘A400M Atlas’. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafbr izenorton/equipment/a400m atlas.cfm

Defense Industry Daily, 2014. ‘Airbus’ A400M Aerial Transport: Delays, 2014: 1st Development, and aircraft Deployment’. 27 November Tactical and A400M Atlas EADS / Airbus delivered, USD925 million 2014, 06:35 p.m. UTC. As 4 strategic lift (Malaysia) (FR, DE, ES) 2015:2 more (2005) of 08/12/2014: expected, https://www.defenseindustry 2016: last one daily.com/a400m-delays- creating-contract- controversies-05080/

25 billion euros for IISS.2014. The Military Tactical and A400M Atlas EADS / Airbus Completed in 7 180 A400Ms for 7 Balance 2014. London: strategic lift (BE) (FR, DE, ES) 2018 European countries Routledge

Airbus Group, 2014. ‘Three SAR aircraft add to existing fleet of 12 transports’. 28 July Coupled with a 5-year 2014. As of 08/12/2014: Full in Support Service http://www.airbusgroup.com contract /int/en/news-media/press-

releases/Airbus- Also included: field Group/Financial_Communica service representatives, Tactical and C295 Airbus (FR, DE, EUR186.7 million tion/2014/07/20140728_a 2016-2017 3 aircraft ground strategic lift SAR(Brazil) ES) (2014) irbus_defence_and_space_c2 equipment, a mission 95_brazil.html; Barreira, support centre, training Victoria.2014. ‘Brazil details services, and more. new C295 acquisition’.

Lisbon: IHS Jane’s, 27 May Existing fleet of 12 2014. As of 08/12/2014: aircrafts http://www.janes.com/articl e/38439/brazil-details-new- c295-acquisition

Airbus Defence & Space. 2014. ‘Egypt orders eight This order is actually an more Airbus C295 tactical extension of a previous transports’. 17 July 2014. As Tactical and Airbus (FR, DE, C295 (Egypt) 2015 8 Unknown order of 12 C295, of of 08/12/2014: strategic lift ES) which 6 were already in http://airbusdefenceandspac use in July 2014 e.com/egypt-orders-eight- more-airbus-c295-tactical- transports/#prettyPhoto

Airbus Defence & Space. 2014. ‘Mexico orders more C295 aircraft’. 29 October 2014. As of 09/12/2014: http://militaryaircraft- airbusds.com/PressCenter/La Already 2 C295 in testNews/TabId/176/ArtMID service in the Mexican /681/ArticleID/347/Mexico- navy and 6 in the Air orders-more-Airbus-C295- Tactical and C295 Airbus (FR, DE, Force from the previous aircraft.aspx 2 strategic lift (Mexico) ES) order AFP. 2014. ‘Le Mexique Extension of a previous achète deux Airbus C295’. order of 20 aircrafts Le Figaro.fr, 29 October Signed on 29/10/2014 2014, 05:18 p.m. As of 09/12/2014: http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash- eco/2014/10/29/97002- 20141029FILWWW00300- le-mexique-achete-deux-airbus- c295.php

C-27J Tactical and Alenia 'Project Air-8000 Phase- Spartan 2014-2016 10 AUD1.4 b ($1.4 b) SIPRI Trade Register strategic lift Aeronautica (IT) 2' (Australia)

Airbus Defence & Space. A330 MRTT 2014. ‘Qatar selects Airbus [Multi Role A330 MRTT Multi Role Tanker Air-to-Air Airbus (FR, DE, In-service by Tanker 2 Unknown Transport’. 27 March 2014. refuelling ES) 2030 Transport] As of 08/12/2014: (Qatar) http://www.a330mrtt.com/P ressCenter/LatestNews/TabId

/176/ArtMID/681/ArticleID /317/Qatar-selects-Airbus- A330-MRTT-Multi-Role-Tanker- Transport.aspx

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Unique version with a Assessment – Western cargo door in the upper Europe. Procurement France.’ desk so that it can be A330 MRTT used as a freighter: Tran, Pierre. 2014. ‘French [Multi Role Air-to-Air customer oriented policy AF to take 2 MRTT versions’. Tanker Airbus (FR) 2017-2018 12 EUR3 billion (2014) refuelling / adaptation DefenseNews.com, 21 Transport] February 2014, 03:45 a.m. (FR) Not yet signed in Oct As of 08/12/2014: 2014 but to be signed http://www.defensenews.co before the end of the year m/article/20140221/DEFRE G01/302210021/French- AF-Take-2-MRTT-Versions

A330 MRTT Cabirol, Michel. 2014. [Multi Role Expected in- ‘Singapour s'offre six avions Air-to-Air Tanker Airbus (FR) service time: 6 EUR 1bn (2013) ravitailleurs MRTT d'Airbus refuelling Transport] 2030 Group’. Paris: La Tribune. 07 (Singapore) March 2014, 12:34 p.m.

A330 MRTT [Multi Role Air-to-Air Tanker Airbus (FR) 2014-2016 3 SIPRI Trade Register refuelling Transport] (Saudi Arabia)

Airborne Early Falcon-2000 Dassault (FR) 2015 2 SIPRI Trade Register Warning (South Korea)

EC-225/EC- Airbus Helicopters THB4 b ($128 m) SIPRI Trade Register Rotary 725 From 2015 4 For SAR (FR, DE) (2012) (Thailand)

Airbus Helicopters. 2014. ‘The Royal Thai Navy and Air Force acquire five EC645 T2 and two EC725 rotorcraft from Airbus Helicopters’. Marignane, France: Airbus. From 2016 22 October 2014. As of (EC645 T2) - 08/12/2014: 2017 EC725 complete a http://www.airbushelicopters 2017 EC645 T2 + previous order of 4 .com/site/FO/scripts/myFO_ Airbus Helicopters (EC725) 5 EC645 T2 Rotary EC725 EUR101.9M helicopters signed in publication.php?lang=EN&ne (FR, DE) (not positively + 2 EC725 (Thailand) 2012 for deliveries from ws_id=1212 sure all the 2015 (cf. above) EC645 T2 will UPI. 2014. ‘Thailand be delivered in increasing its helicopter fleet’. 2017) Marignane, France: BreitBart, 23 October 2014, 08:23 p.m. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.breitbart.com/sy stem/wire/upiUPI-20141023- 152329-9328

EC645 T2 EUR194 million IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Light Utility Airbus Helicopters Dec 2015-June (2013), including ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Rotary 15 Helicopter (FR, DE) 2017 training options for Assessment – Western (DE) EUR1.1 million Europe. Procurement

Germany.’ Airbus Helicopters. 2013. ‘Germany's Special Forces Command Set to Fly Eurocopter's EC645 T2 Light Utility Helicopter’. 7 November 2013. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.airbushelicopters .com/site/en/press/German y-s-Special-Forces-Command- Set-to-Fly-Eurocopter-s-EC645- T2-Light-Utility- Helicopter_1059.html

Brazilian designation H- EC-225/EC- Airbus Helicopters Rotary 2010-2017 48 EUR1.9 b deal (2008) 36, HM-4 and UH-15 SIPRI Trade Register 725 (Brazil) (FR, DE) License contract

For training EC-135/EC- Airbus Helicopters Rotary 2009-2017 15 Japanese designation TH- SIPRI Trade Register 635 (Japan) (FR, DE) 135

EC-145 version; BK-117/EC- assembled in Kazakhstan Airbus Helicopters Rotary 145 2011-2016 12 as KH-145 (more SIPRI Trade Register (FR, DE) (Kazakhstan) delivered to non-military government agencies)

2005 and still 40 Tiger HAP (Support IISS.2014. The Military EC665 Tiger Airbus Helicopters ongoing for and Escort Helicopter) Rotary 80 Unknown Balance 2014. London: (FR) (FR, DE) the HAD already delivered Routledge variant 40 Tiger HAD (Support

In service time: And Destruction) were From late also to be delivered and 2014 for the the first one has been in HAD variant - April 2013 November 2014 in the CAR

IISS.2014. The Military NH90 NFH NH Industries (FR, Rotary 2010-2019 68 Unknown Balance 2014. London: (FR) IT, NL) Routledge

First delivery in IISS.2014. The Military Jan. 2012 Balance 2014. London: Last delivery of Routledge the TTH Athena Defense. 2014. 82 (64 TTH 12 ordered in 2007 NH90 TTH NH Industries (FR, planned for ‘Armee de Terre: LPM phrases Rotary and 18 Unknown 22 in 2009 (FR) IT, NL) 2024 cles du CEMAT’. 16 October NFH) 34 in 2013 (38 delivered 2013. As of 08/12/2014 : by 2019 and http://www.athena- all of them by vostok.com/armee-de-terre- 2024) lpm-phrases-cles-du-cemat

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge EUR8 billion for 100 NH90 82 (64 TTH NH Industries (FR, aircraft. Unclear what Deliveries in progress to Fryer-Biggs, Zachary. 2014. Rotary TTH/NFH 2007-2017 and 18 IT, NL) cost is for the revised trials and tests ‘Executives Say NH90 Has (DE) NFH) order Moved out of Development Phase’. Berlin: DefenseNews.com, 20 May 2014, 07:55 p.m. As of

08/12/2014: http://www.defensenews.co m/article/20140520/DEFRE G01/305200044/Executive s-Say-NH90-Has-Moved-out- Development-Phase Die Welt. 2013. ‘Bundeswehr kauft weniger Militärhubschrauber’ 15 March 2013. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.welt.de/newstick er/news3/article114476338 /Bundeswehr-kauft-weniger- Militaerhubschrauber.html

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge Kington, Tom. 2012. ‘Plagued by Delays, NH90 Helos Head to Afghanistan 2011-2016 60 TTH for army and 46 Air Base’. Roma: NH90 NH Industries (FR, Rotary (but delays in 116 EUR3.2 billion NHF + 10 TTH for the DefenseNews.com, 4 TTH/NFH (IT) IT, NL) the deliveries) navy September 2012, 07:54 a.m. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.defensenews.co m/article/20120904/DEFRE G01/309040001/Plagued- by-Delays-NH90-Helos-Head- Afghanistan-Air-Base

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge Fischer, Bob. 2014. ‘Dutch First one NH90 delays cost delivered in government more than €100 2010 million’. Flightglobal.com, 31 13 aircrafts October 2014, 12:49 p.m. delivered so As of 08/12/2014: far http://www.flightglobal.com Official halt to 12 NFH /news/articles/dutch-nh90- the delivery of 8 TTH NH90 delays-cost-government-more- NH Industries (FR, the 7 last First NFH delivered in Rotary NFH/TTH 20 EUR1.2 billion (2014) than-100-million-405487/ IT, NL) aircrafts in July April 2010 (NL) 2014 due to a 8 NFH delivered as of Gravemaker, Anno.2014. severe late 2012 ‘Corrosion issue halts Dutch corrosion pb NH90 deliveries’. on some Flightglobal.com/Flight helicopters International, 1 July 2014, used in counter 03:08 p.m. As of piracy 08/12/2014: operations http://www.flightglobal.com /news/articles/corrosion- issue-halts-dutch-nh90- deliveries-400944/

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: NH90 TTH NH Industries (FR, Routledge Rotary 2013-2019 32 EUR1.3billion (ES) IT, NL) Illas, Gloria. 2012. ‘King Juan Carlos I Takes to the Air in the Spanish NH90

Helicopter’ Madrid: Airbus Helicopter, 17 September 2012.As of 08/12/2014: http://www.airbushelicopters .com/site/en/press/King- Juan-Carlos-I-Takes-to-the-Air- in-the-Spanish-NH90- Helicopter_970.html SIPRI Trade Register

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge

O’Dwyer Gerard. 2014. Initially ‘Nordic Nations Navigate expected for Hurdles to NH90 Purchases’. 2005 but 13 TTT/SAR Helsinki: DefenseNews.com, delay so first 5 ASW 5 May 2014, 06:04 p.m. As one received Option for 7 further of 08/12/2014: NH Industries (FR, in 2007 USD450 million helicopters but official http://www.defensenews.co Rotary NH90 (SE) 18 IT, NL) Only 5 (2013) announce in 2012 that it m/article/20140505/DEFRE delivered in will not be taken up G01/305050023/Nordic- late 2013 Swedish designation Hkp- Nations-Navigate-Hurdles- (huge delays) 14 NH90-Purchases Jennings, Gareth. 2013. 2011-2019 ‘Sweden receives first upgraded NH90 helicopter’. London: IHS Jane’s, 16 December 2013. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.janes.com/articl

e/31718/sweden-receives- first-upgraded-nh90-helicopter O’Dwyer. Gerard. 2014. ‘Nordic Nations Navigate Hurdles to NH90 Purchases’ Helsinki: DefenseNews, 5 May 2014, 06:04 p.m. As of 10/12/2014: http://www.defensenews.co m/article/20140505/DEFRE G01/305050023/Nordic- Nations-Navigate-Hurdles- NH90-Purchases

IISS.2014. The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge 4 TTH / First one Fiorenza, Nicholas. 2014. delivered in Dec 2012 ‘Belgium Receives Last NH90 NH90 NH Industries (FR, EUR293 million 4NFH / First one Troop Transport Helicopter’. Rotary NFH/TTH 2012-2015 8 IT, NL) (2007) delivered mid-2013 Ares: Aviation Week, 17 (BE) Option on two more November 2014. As of NH90 TTH 08/12/2014: http://aviationweek.com/blo g/belgium-receives-last-nh90- troop-transport-helicopter

'Project Air-9000 Phase- NH Industries (FR, 3' or 'Project Air-9000 NH90 TTH Rotary IT, NL) (licence 2011-2015 48 AUD2 b ($1.5 b) Phase-4' (incl 10 year SIPRI Trade Register (Australia) agreement) support; assembled in Australia)

EUR546 m deal (originally EUR657 m but reduced 2010 as Bought from France, FRG NH Industries (FR, compensation for NH90 TTH and Italy; option on 14 Rotary IT, NL) (licence 2011-2015 20 delayed delivery; SIPRI Trade Register (HE) more; delivery delayed agreement) offsets 120% incl from 2006 to 2011-2015 production of components in Greece)

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. 34 for army ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security AW159 AgustaWestland 28 for navy Rotary 2012-2015 62 GBP1 billion (2006) Assessment – Western Wildcat (UK) (IT, UK) Option for a further 4 Europe. Procurement UK.’ helicopters

AW159 AgustaWestland Rotary Wildcat 2015-2016 8 SIPRI Trade Register (IT, UK) (South Korea)

AgustaWestland and Boeing signed an industrial agreement for the joint manufacture of the ICH-47F in July 2008. IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Finmeccanica “Under the agreement ICH-47F EUR900 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Rotary (Agusta 2014-2017 AgustaWestland, the Chinook (IT) (2009) Assessment – Western Westland) (IT) prime contractor for the Europe. Procurement Italy.’ programme, is responsible for systems integration, final assembly and aircraft delivery to the customer.”

Aérospatiale Sud- SA-315B INR3 b ($48 m) Rotary Aviation (FR) 2015-2016 20 Cheetal version SIPRI Trade Register Lama (India) (2013) (licence contract)

AS365/AS5 LTL180 m (EUR52 Airbus Helicopters Rotary 65 Panther From 2015 3 m/$72 m) deal Mainly for SAR SIPRI Trade Register (FR, DE) (Lithuania) (financed by EU)

AS-350/AS- Airbus Helicopters Includes 2 AS-350B2 and Rotary 550 Fennec 2011-2015 9 SIPRI Trade Register (FR, DE) 7 AS-550C3 version (Ecuador)

AS-532 Airbus Helicopters 2014- Rotary Cougar/AS- 6 SIPRI Trade Register (FR, DE) 2015/2016 332 (Bolivia)

Part of $2.7 b A-129C AgustaWestland Part of 'ATAK' Rotary Mangusta (IT, UK) 2014-2018 50 Part of $2.7 b (2008) programme SIPRI Trade Register (Turkey) (licence contract) T-129B version; option on 32 more

W-3 Sokol Rotary PZL (PL) From 2014 5 W-3A version SIPRI Trade Register (Algeria)

“By October 2012, 8,152 systems had been delivered, enough to bring the number of IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. equipped regiments up to ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR FELIN (FR) Safran (FR) 2010-2015 22 588 EUR1 billion eight. The number of Assessment – Western delivered systems is Europe. Procurement France.’ expected to reach more than 10,000 by the end of 2012 and 4,036

additional systems are expected in 2013. Current planning calls for four regiments to be equipped each year through 2015.”

Thales Land and Study programme to Joint Systems (FR) To be shape the dvpt of the IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Air-Land + some support introduced EUR129 million FALCON-S (French future ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR Operational from Sagem and between (2005) combat system) to be Assessment – Western Bubble (FR) Giat (now part of 2015-2030 introduced between Europe. Procurement France.’ Safran and 2015 and 2030 Nexter) (FR)

Deployable IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. wireless EADS (Intl) / TDF Project still in the ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR computer EUR12 million (2007) (FR) technical assessment Assessment – Western network using Europe. Procurement France.’ WiMAX (FR)

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. Assessment ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security phase between Assessment – Western 2003 and Future Europe. Procurement UK.’ 2005 / Trials Infantry Army-Technology.com. 2014. begun in late GBP150 million Many subcontractors / C4ISTAR Soldier Thales (FR) 35 000 kits ‘FIST - Future Infantry Soldier 2005 (2009) for Phase One phases Technology Technology, United Kingdom’

(FIST) (UK) As of 08/12/2014: Expected in http://www.army- service time technology.com/projects/fist 2015-2020 /

Ground ThalesRaytheonSy C4ISTAR Master-400 stem (licence 2015 6 EUR100 m (2010) 'ARED' programme SIPRI Trade Register (DE) contract) (FR)

MMSR for Self-propelled IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2013. ZDPSR Sola PIT-RADWAR S.A From late USD47.3 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR N-26 air- (PL) 2015 (2013) Assessment – Western transportable Europe. Procurement Poland.’ (PL)

RZRA Liwiec Mobile IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2013. Polish Defense Weapon- ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR Holding (ex 7 USD55 million (2013) Locating Assessment – Western Bumar Group) (PL) Radar System Europe. Procurement Poland.’ (PL)

TRS-15M IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2013. (NUR-15) Bumar USD106.25 million ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR Odra-M Elektronik(PL) (2013) Assessment – Western Mobile Radar Europe. Procurement Poland.’ Station (PL)

CEROS-200 For modernization of 12 C4ISTAR Saab (SE) 2014-2017 24 SIPRI Trade Register (Canada) Halifax (City) frigates

3 Table B.2. Maintenance and upgrade contracts

Type of Specific Producer Delivery Contract Quantity Notes Sources equipment designation (country) date value

Support IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Contract that will run weapons / CAESAR Nexter Systems Sentinel Security Assessment – 77 97.8m EUR from 9y, from 2012 till small arms / howitzers (FR) (FR) Western Europe. Procurement 2020 artillery France.’

It seems MBDA was finally awarded the IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. ‘Jane’s contract over Raytheon Support 2K12 Sentinel Security Assessment – but not clear (late 2013, weapons / 'Kub' SAM MBDA (FR, UK, Western Europe. Procurement Czech 4 batteries CZK1 billion according to IHS Jane's, small arms / System (Czech IT) Republic.’ still not awarded) artillery Rep) IISS.2012. The Military Balance

2012. London: Routledge Expected out of service date in 2017

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Maintenance Nexter Systems Sentinel Security Assessment – A vehicle contract for 2009-2019 355 900m EUR (FR) Western Europe. Procurement Leclerc MBT (FR) France.’

Challenger 2 IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2013. ‘Jane’s An ISD Life Extension BAE Systems GBP500 Life extension beyond Sentinel Security Assessment – A vehicle tentatively set 227 Programme (LEP) (UK) million 2035 Western Europe. Procurement for 2020 (UK) Poland.’

3 AT= Austria, BE=Belgium, DE= Germany, ES= Spain, FI= Finland, FR= France, IT= Italy, NL= Netherlands, PL= Poland, SE= Sweden, UK= United Kingdom

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2013. ‘Jane’s Modernisation of its Modernisation of Oct 2014 – EUR480 Sentinel Security Assessment – A vehicle 128 current 128 Leopard 2A4 Leopard 2PL (PL) Oct 2019 million Western Europe. Procurement tanks Poland.’

“When the initial contract is done, Norway’s 103- vehicle CV90-30 fleet will become 146 vehicles: 74 Defense Industry Daily. 2012. ‘True modernized $750m Norsk: CV90 Armored 2015/2017 Infantry Fighting according to Modernization’. 24 June 2012, 6:58 CV90 Upgrade BAE Systems (delivery of Vehicles, 21 BAE A vehicle p.m. UTC. As of 08/12/2014: (Norway) (UK) the upgraded reconnaissance, 16 $1bn http://www.defenseindustrydaily.co vehicles) multi-role (mortar according to m/True-Norsk-CV90-Armored- carrier or cargo), Norway Modernization-07439/ 15 command & control, 16 engineering vehicles, and 4 driver training models”

IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. ‘Jane’s Rheinmetall To be Fuchs 6x6 EUR36.175 Sentinel Security Assessment – A vehicle MAN Military delivered in 25 upgrade (DE) million Western Europe. Procurement Vehicles (DE) 2016 Germany.’

Le Triomphant Le Triomphant will enter IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Nuclear and Le into the modification Sentinel Security Assessment – DCNS (FR) 2 submarine Temeraire programme in 2013, to Western Europe. Procurement upgrades (FR) emerge in 2015. Le France.’

Temeraire is due to undergo conversion from 2017 to 2018 Equipped with M-51.41 ballistic missiles The contract includes through-life support services relating to crew- training facilities; undisclosed French Navy systems; and shore-base facilities including relay antenna stations.

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Expected out- 6 Astute + 5 Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ of service The contract will drive Trafalgar + 4 Parliament. 2006. ‘The UK’s nuclear Design Services dates: adoption of a common Vanguard deterrent’. London, UK: Parliament. Arrangement, a Trafalgar- combat system across the (but watching: As of 08/12/2014: support contract class: 2008- fleet Trafalgar-class http://www.publications.parliament. Nuclear to maintain the BAE Systems 2022 every GBP46 3 classes: Astute Class submarines are uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmdfen submarine combat systems (UK) two years million (6) and Trafalgar being removed as ce/59/5905.htm across all three Vanguard- Class(5) as fleet Astute-class Royal Navy. 2014. ‘Submarine classes of class: submarines and submarines are Rescue System’ As of 08/12/2014: submarines (UK) 2022/2024 Vanguard-class (4) as entering into http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our- /2025/202 ballistic submarine service) organisation/the-fighting- 8 arms/submarine-service#submarine- rescue-system

Cruisers / Daring Class BAE Systems Expected to Contract to manage the BAE Systems. 2014. ‘£70 million 6 £70m Destroyers Type 45 (UK) run from July support, maintenance contract awarded to service type 45

Destroyers (UK) 2014 till and upgrade of the Type destroyers on all UK and global Nov. 2016 45 Destroyers at operations’. 23 June 2014. Portsmouth Naval Base and on all their operations in the UK and globally.

Albion-class LPD IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Amphibious / GBP30 HMS Bulwark Babcock (UK) 2011-2016 1 Sentinel Security Assessment – landing craft million Upgrade (UK) Western Europe. Procurement UK.’

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Design, development and Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ 2023-2035 integration of the Surface Upgrade of Type BAE Systems GBP26 The Royal Navy. 2014. ‘Royal Frigate (one every 13 Common Combat System 23 frigates (UK) (UK) million Naval Vessels, Duke Class Frigates year) computer infrastructure (Type 23)’. As of 08/12/2014: on Type 23 frigates. http://www.armedforces.co.uk/nav y/listings/l0016.html

Karel Doorman- BNS Leopold I already IHS Jane’s, 20/02/2014. ‘Jane’s class Frigate Expected out- completed Sentinel Security Assessment – Frigate Modification - Damen (NL) of service 2 BNS Louise-Marie: 2014- Western Europe. Procurement BNS Louise- date 2025 2015 Belgium.’ Marie (BE)

Maintenance contract for Orizzonte IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. ‘Jane’s EUR130 Six years of maintenance Frigate Bergamini-class Sistemi Navali 6 Sentinel Security Assessment – million and logistic support (IT) (FR, IT) Western Europe. Procurement Italy.’

Coastal patrol Service plus BAE Systems BAE Systems. 2014. ‘£70 million 2013-2018 4 £22m vessel upgrade River (UK) contract awarded to service type 45

Class Vessels destroyers on all UK and global (UK) operations’. 23 June 2014.

Out of service date: 2040-2045 IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Standard to be validated Sentinel Security Assessment – by 2018 Western Europe. Procurement Contract for dvpt signed France.’ in early 2014 Gallois, Dominique & Zecchini, Risk reduction study Air defence / Upgrade of the Laurent. 2006. ‘Le Rafale, trop previously undertaken by interdiction Rafale => new Dassault (FR) 133 1bn EUR français pour l'étranger’. Le Monde, Dassault from late 2012 (multirole) Rafale F3R (FR) 08 March 2006, 01:52 p.m. As of to mid-2014 08/12/2014: Procurement of new http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/arti planes of this standards cle/2006/03/08/le-rafale-trop- for those still to be francais-pour-l- delivered and upgrade of etranger_748603_3224.html the ones already in service

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – 10 (will be part of Western Europe. Procurement the upgrade to France.’ Upgrade of the standard F3 R / out Gallois, Dominique & Zecchini, Air defence / Rafale M to F3 of the 40 Rafale the Out of service date: Laurent. 2006. ‘Le Rafale, trop interdiction Dassault (FR) 2014-2017 240m EUR standard for the French Navy 2040-2045 français pour l'étranger’. Le Monde, (multirole) French navy operates, 24 08 March 2006, 01:52 p.m. As of already delivered 08/12/2014: in F3 standard) http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/arti cle/2006/03/08/le-rafale-trop- francais-pour-l-

etranger_748603_3224.html Marine Nationale. 2013. ‘Rafale Marine’. MoD, 12 August 2013, 03 :35 p.m. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine /decouverte/equipements-moyens- materiel-militaire/aeronefs/rafale- marine Guillermard, Veronique. 2014. ‘La Marine reçoit des Rafale à la pointe de la technologie’. Le Figaro Economie, 8 October 2014, 01 :26 a.m.

UK Study contract BAE Systems, 2014. ‘UK study Air defence / Should be awarded to BAE Systems Expected upgrade contract awarded to integrate interdiction done by 160 £5m integrate MBDA (UK) contract Brimstone 2 onto Typhoon’. 19 June (multirole) 2018 Brimstone 2 onto 2014. Typhoon (UK)

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Expected out-of-service Sentinel Security Assessment – date: 2019 Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ Extension to the decade Larrinaga, Nicolas de. 2014. ‘UK long Availability awards final Tornado support Support for BAE Systems Transformation: Tornado Interdiction 124 GBP125m contract’. London: IHS Jane’s 360, Tornados (UK) (UK) Aircraft Contact awarded 29 April 2014. As of 08/12/2014: in 2006 and due to http://www.janes.com/article/372 expire in 2016 18/uk-awards-final-tornado-support- Original contract was contract worth GBP 1.3bn Hoyle, Craig. 2012. ‘UK Tornado

fleet to retire in 2019, says BAE’. London: FlightGlobal.com, 2 August 2012, 10:39 p.m. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.flightglobal.com/news/ articles/uk-tornado-fleet-to-retire-in- 2019-says-bae-375014/

Upgraded to IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. ‘Jane’s Cassidian Tornado ASTA ASSTA 3.0 Expected out-of service Sentinel Security Assessment – Interdiction (Airbus Group, 85 Upgrades (DE) standard by date: 2025 Western Europe. Procurement FR) 2018 Germany.’

Indian Mirage- Air defence / Dassault and INR109 b 2000H rebuilt to 2 produced in France interdiction Thales (FR) 2014-2023 49 deal (offsets SIPRI Trade Register Mirage-2000-5 and rest in India (multirole) (licence contract) $593 m) (India)

Upgrade is being conducted IHS Jane’s, 17/01/2014. ‘Jane’s aircraft-by- Tactical and Marshall Sentinel Security Assessment – C-130K (AT) aircraft: 3 strategic lift Aerospace (UK) Western Europe. Procurement delivered in Austria.’ August 2013 / mid 2014 / early 2015

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Support 19 C-130K and 24 Sentinel Security Assessment – Tactical and Hercules Support Marshall provided C-130J aircraft, GBP1.52 Out of service date: Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ strategic lift (UK) Aerospace (UK) over the next each of which has billion 2030

24y 4 engines. Defense Industry Daily. 2012. ‘24-

Year, GBP 1.5B contract to Maintain UK’s Hercules Fleet’. 29 May 2012, 06:33 p.m. UTC. As of 08/12/2014: http://www.defenseindustrydaily.co m/24year-gbp-15b-contract-to- maintain-uks-hercules-fleet-02327/

Dassault Aviation and Thales, in IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. ‘Jane’s partnership with Extending life beyond Air-to-Air Atlantique 2 GBP367 Sentinel Security Assessment – DCNS and 15 2030 refuelling MPA (FR) million Western Europe. Procurement Service Industriel Maritime patrol aircraft France.’ de l'Aéronautique (SIAé) (FR)

IHS Jane’s, 17/01/2014. ‘Jane’s Out of service date: Sentinel Security Assessment – 2035 Western Europe. Procurement No more than six of the Austria.’ helicopters present on Agusta-Bell AgustaWestland Rotary 2010-2014 23 63m EUR the upgrading site at any AIRheads Fly. 2014. ‘AHF Inside: AB212 (AT) (UK, IT) given time Austrian AB212 on top’. 14 August First two upgraded 2014. As of 08/12/2014: planes delivered in late http://airheadsfly.com/2014/08/1 2013 4/ahf%E2%86%91inside-austrian- ab212-on-top/

Rotary-wing IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s FB Heliservices GBP193 Rotary flying training 2012-2016 Sentinel Security Assessment – (Cobham) (UK) million services (UK) Western Europe. Procurement UK.’

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Support for the Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ Apache AH.64 Rolls-Royce (UK) 66 AH-64 Apache and the navy & 6 years of GBP367 ArmyTechnology.com. 2014. Rotary / subcontracting + 57 AW101 air force support million ‘Apache AH Mk1 Attack Helicopter, Turbomeca (FR) Merlin AW101 Merlin United Kingdom’. As of helicopters (UK) 08/12/2014: http://www.armytechnology.com/projects/apache-ah- mk1-attack-helicopter/

2nd 5-year period within Britain’s Expected to Apache continue Integrated Defense Industry Daily. 2014. Apache IOS adding 5- Operational ‘Supporting Britain’s Apaches: IOS support contract year Support and Beyond’. 29 January 2014, - maintenance negotiated AgustaWestland (IOS) Out of service date: 05:51 p.m. UTC. As of Rotary and technical contracts until 67 (UK, IT) contract, 2031 08/12/2014: support for the the fleet is valued at http://www.defenseindustrydaily.co Apache Mk1 taken out of about GBP m/supporting-britains-apaches-wah- fleet (UK) service in 430 million 64-ios-contract-05845/ about 22 from April years. 1/14 – March 31/19

Programme is IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. ‘Jane’s Combat systems Atlas Elektronik due to Not Sentinel Security Assessment – C4ISTAR for Type 124 (DE) and Thales 3 complete in disclosed Western Europe. Procurement Frigates (DE) Deutschland (FR) 2017 Germany.’

The £600 million Sensor IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Support Optimisation Sentinel Security Assessment – Project will provide Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ maintenance and repair Defence Equipment and Support, Sensors Support for 17 different systems Philip Dunne MP. 2013. ‘£600 Optimisation GBP600 across the Royal Navy C4ISTAR Thales (FR) 2013-2023 17 different systems million Royal Navy contract secures Project (SSOP) million fleet, including the Astute, more than 500 jobs’. 28 May 2013. (UK) Trafalgar and Vanguard As of 08/12/2014: Classes as well as the https://www.gov.uk/government/ne Type 45, Type 23 and ws/600-million-royal-navy-contract- the Hunt and Sandown secures-more-than-500-jobs Classes.

4 Table B.3. Future prospects

Potential Type of Specific Delivery Contract producer (country Quantity Notes Sources equipment designation schedule value recipient)

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Western Procurement of a Europe. Procurement UK.’l Support new insensitive Estimated Think Defence. 2012. ‘An weapons / munition (IM) 400-1,000 £2-5m Insensitive Depth Charge’. 22 small arms / depth charge for units. December 2012. As of artillery use from RN 09/12/2014: helicopters (UK) http://www.thinkdefence.co. uk/2012/12/an-insensitive- depth-charge/

Support IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Strategic rocket weapons / ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security systems - Homar HSW (PL) small arms / Assessment – Western (PL) artillery Europe. Procurement Poland.’

Support weapons / IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Langusta Multiple small arms / ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Rocket Launchers 62 artillery Assessment – Western (PL) Europe. Procurement Poland.’

4 AT= Austria, BE=Belgium, DE= Germany, ES= Spain, FI= Finland, FR= France, IT= Italy, NL= Netherlands, PL= Poland, SE= Sweden, UK= United Kingdom

Support Lightweight 40 weapons / mm revolver-type 2015-2017 200 Not at contract stage yet? small arms / grenade artillery launchers (PL)

Selfpropelled Support IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. mortars and weapons / 8 support ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security associated C2 HSW (PL) 2014-2018 small arms / companies Assessment – Western and logistics artillery Europe. Procurement Poland.’ elements (PL)

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security A vehicle WZT-BPz(PL) (PL) 2015-2022 28 Bergepanzer 2 Upgrade Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement Poland.’

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Multipurpose 1m EUR per Delivery from ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle armoured 2080 vehicle => 2016 Assessment – Western vehicles (FR) over 2bn EUR Europe. Procurement France.’

Delivery from Armoured IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. 2019 for an 3m EUR per reconnaissance Panhard Defense ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security A vehicle in service 248 vehicle => combat vehicles (FR) / Nexter (FR) Assessment – Western date from 744m EUR (FR) Europe. Procurement France.’ 2020

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Contract to Contract to be signed in 2017 ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security be signed in but confirmed by the 2012 ‘Loi Assessment – Western 2017 B vehicle CAESAR (FR) Nexter (FR) 141 de Programmation Militaire’; Europe. Procurement France.’ Deliveries Deliveries supposed to finish Briganti, Giovanni de. 2013. completed 2019 ‘Scoot and Shoot “à la by 2019 Française:” Caesar SP Gun

Transforms French Artillery’. Draguignan, France: Defense- aerospace.com, 7 May 2013. As of 09/12/2014: http://www.defense- aerospace.com/article- view/feature/144902/caesa r-sp-gun-transforms-french- artillery.html

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Panhard General Upgrading of 200 units every ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle VBL 4x4 (FR) 1600 Defense (FR) year from 2015 Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement France.’

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. BAE Systems (UK) ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security MRAP vehicles B vehicle / SVOS Prelouc 2014-2017 30 CZK 1bn Pb with the availability of funds Assessment – Western (Czech Republic) (CZ) Europe. Procurement Czech Republic.’

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security The concept Assessment – Western phase is Europe. Procurement UK.’ expected to £400 million Chuter, Andrew. 2014. commence in Replacing the UK's unprotected Protected Multi (US $660 ‘Future UK Armored Vehicle B vehicle 2015-16 2000 Land Rover (4×4) and Pinzgaurer Role Vehicle (UK) million) and Programs Emerge’. London: Expected in (4×4 and 6×6) above DefenseNews, 12 January service time 2014, 03:45 a.m. As of by 2016 for 08/12/2014: the first units http://www.defensenews.co m/article/20140112/DEFRE

G01/301120019/Future-UK- Armored-Vehicle-Programs- Emerge

IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement UK.’ Bidding initially If the FRES UV do not enter Defense Industry Daily. 2014. awarded to GDUK service until 2017-18, then ‘FRES: The Future of British FRES Utility B vehicle but disagreement 2015-2020 100 further interim purchases are Armored Vehicles’. 14 Vehicle (UK) around intellectual likely to be necessary at September 2014, 06:14 p.m. property rights considerable cost. UTC. As of 08/12/2014: https://www.defenseindustry daily.com/uk-issues-several- fres-transformational-armored- vehicle-contracts-01130/

IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Medium and EUR127 Biddings opening on ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle Heavy Utility By 2019 734 million 18/03/2014 Assessment – Western Vehicles (ES) Europe. Procurement Spain.’

3 batches IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. 550 vehicles Medium Multi- 2011-2017 ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle for the first Role Vehicle (IT) 2018-2026 Assessment – Western batch 2027-2031 Europe. Procurement Italy.’

70 first IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Iveco and Oto platforms to ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle Centauro 2 (IT) Melara (IT) (for be 130 Assessment – Western sure) completed Europe. Procurement Italy.’ by 2017

with a total of 130 ISD by 2026

AMZ Kutno (PL) (already Hippopotam contracted to IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. (amphibious, develop the ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle 8×8 heavy APC) general design Assessment – Western (PL) and subystems - Europe. Procurement Poland.’ under a licence from Patria (FI)

AMZ Kutno (PL) (already IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. BRDM-2 contracted to ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle Replacement (PL) develop the Assessment – Western general design in Europe. Procurement Poland.’ 2012)

Replacement of the Polish Land Force's Soviet-era T-72 tanks and BWP-1 IFVs IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. PLN8.65 T-72 and BWP-1 OBRUM (for the Two version07/11/2014 light ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle 2018-2022 billion=2.08 Replacements (PL) heavy variant) and heavy Assessment – Western bn EUR Heavy: Direct Support Vehicles Europe. Procurement Poland.’ and Armoured Recovery Vehicles Light: Borsuk (Badger)

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Wheeled heavy ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle recovery vehicles 2018 27 Assessment – Western (KWZT) (PL) Europe. Procurement Poland.’

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement Poland.’ Wilk, Remigiusz. 2014. OBRUM Gliwice ‘Poland seeks MG-20 MS-20 Bridge (PL) (already Daglezja-G tracked bridge B vehicle From 2017 30 Layers (PL) contracted for the layers’. Warsaw: IHS Jane’s design R&D) Defence Weekly, 26 October 2014. As of 09/12/2014: http://www.janes.com/articl e/45007/poland-seeks-mg- 20-daglezja-g-tracked-bridge- layers

Two versions: soft skin; and ballistic- and mine-protected. Light A service life of 20 years is IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Multipurpose expected for both variants. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security B vehicle Armoured 1600 USD60 million Replacement of their fleets of Assessment – Western Vehicles 4xd4 ageing Polish-made Honker, Europe. Procurement Poland.’ vehicles (PL) Honker 2000 and Skorpion-3 vehicles and remaining Russian- origin UAZ469 jeeps.

Procurement delayed due to IHS Jane’s, 17/01/2014. budget cuts? Dingo armoured ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security A vehicle KMW (ES) 2015 145 Deliveries initially planned in patrol (AT) Assessment – Western 2010 but postponed due to Europe. Procurement Austria.’ budget cuts

Non-nuclear TKMS (Ger) with 2019/2020 Contract yet to be awarded by IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Submarine (PL) 3 submarine its Type 212A and to be in 2015 ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security

214A / DCNS service by Assessment – Western (FR) with its 2022 for the Europe. Procurement Poland.’ Scorpene-class two first and 2030 for the last one)

If there are no delays, IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. the first ship ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Medium surface Frigate could enter 6 2.5bn EUR To be procured after 2016 Assessment – Western combatants (DE) service Europe. Procurement around Germany.’ 2021

Difficult budget procurement process dictate an operational F-110 class (to Deliveries life of not less than 40 years, IHS Jane’s, 20/02/2014. replace the six from 2022 which means F-110 will be ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Frigate 6 Santa-Maria-class through to designed with a mid-life update Assessment – Western frigates) (ES) 2030 (MLU) in mind. A ballistic missile Europe. Procurement Spain.’ defence capability will be added during the MLU.

IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. LHA type Amphibious / Replacement of the aircraft ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security amphibious 2020-2022 1 landing craft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi Assessment – Western vessel (IT) Europe. Procurement Italy.’

By 2016 Only in feasibility study stage IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. In service Amphibious / Preliminary study and project ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security New LHDs (IT) Fincantieri (IT) between 2 landing craft definition contract for the LHDs Assessment – Western 2017 and awarded to Fincantieri Europe. Procurement Italy.’ 2022

The technical dialogue will be IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. carried out between December Offshore Multi-role ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security 1 2013 and February 2014, while patrol vessel Combat Boat (PL) Assessment – Western applications are to be delivered Europe. Procurement Poland.’ by the end of November 2013

Czapla (Heron) 2017/2018 IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. type and (Construction Coastal patrol ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Miecznik between 3 of each vessel Assessment – Western (swordfish) type 2015 and Europe. Procurement Poland.’ vessels (PL) 2026)

SIPRI Trade Register “Main construction would occur Defense Industry Daily. 2014. in Turkey, but Navantia expects ‘Turkey Picks Navantia’s LHD about 878,000 man-hours of to Bulk up Amphibious work between pre-fabrication, Capabilities’. 6 January Amphibious ancillary items like 4 LCM-1E Amphibious / Navantia (ES) $3 b 'LPD' 2014, 03:42 p.m. UTC. As Assault Ships – 2017 1 landing craft and 2 smaller landing craft Licence contract programme of 09/12/2014: BPE (Turkey) LCVPs; and imported http://www.defenseindustryd technologies like the engines and aily.com/turkey-picks- propulsion system, and the navantias-lhd-to-bulk-up- integrated platform control amphibious-capabilities- system” 020411/

6 new OPV/MHC,12 Concept design in dvpt new Pattugliatori Replacing both the eight IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Coastal patrol d'Altura Minerva-class corvettes and four ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security By 2020 18 300m EUR vessel Multimissione Cassiopea-class OPVs due to Assessment – Western (PAM) - High Sea retire in the second half of the Europe. Procurement Italy.’ Multimission present decade Patrol Ship (IT)

Anticipated in 2015 but unlikely since IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Replacing the ageing Stromboli- Coastal patrol would have EUR125 ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security New LCC (IT) Fincantieri (IT) 3 class vessels as well as the ITS vessel required a million Assessment – Western Anteo and the Magnaghi vessel contract Europe. Procurement Italy.’ award in 2012

ECUME (Embarcation Commandos à 9 (initial IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Usage Multiple batch but 20 Coastal patrol Zodiac MILPRO ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Embarquable) 2015-2017 to be vessel International (FR) Assessment – Western multimission procured in Europe. Procurement France.’ rigid-hull total) 11 inflatable boats (RHIBs) (FR)

BRAVE (Bâtiment Ravitailleur IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. d'Escadre) ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Auxiliary DCNS (FR) 2018-2021 Tender to be launched in 2015 multipurpose Assessment – Western logistics support Europe. Procurement France.’ vessels (FR)

Replacing IHS Jane’s, 20/02/2014. command and ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Auxiliary support vessel By 2015 1 Assessment – Western BNS Godetia Europe. Procurement (BE) Belgium.’

Future Combat Air System IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. USD191 million Aiming at fielding an demonstration BAE Systems (UK) ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Air support 2030 (2014) for the unmanned combat aerial programme / Dassault (FR) Assessment – Western feasibility study vehicle (UCAV) Anglo-French Europe. Procurement France.’ UCAV (UK/FR)

To be considered in the UK's next SDSR in 2015 following the cancellation of the BAE Systems IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. Nimrod MRA.4 Tactical and Maritime Patrol ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security 10 to 14 programme in the strategic lift Aircraft (UK) Assessment – Western October 2010 SDSR Europe. Procurement UK.’ Costs will be an issue and an off-the-shelf purchase of aircraft is likely if a requirement is endorsed

Nine remaining Bréguet Atlantic 1s due to reach the end of their service Full ASW and IHS Jane’s, 16/11/2013. Procurement lives in 2013 and 2014 anti-surface ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Air support postponed but four Alenia ATR 72s warfare aircraft Assessment – Western until 2020 with a long-range (IT) Europe. Procurement Italy.’ surveillance suite are being purchased as an interim solution.

Bipindra, N. C. 2014. ‘India Said to Target Signing Rafale Fighter Jet Deal by End 2014’. Bloomberg, 20 August 2014, 12:30 Once the p.m.GMT. As of project is 09/12/2014: finalized, the http://www.bloomberg.com/ first 18 jets news/2014-08-20/india- are to be said-to-target-signing-rafale- delivered to fighter-jet-deal-by-end- IAF within 2014.html 36-48

months Pandit, Rjat. 2014. ‘India (2016- Air defence / Contract yet to be signed closes in on $20 billion 2019/2020) interdiction Rafale (India) Dassault (FR) 126 EUR7,783bn Choice announced in Rafale deal’. New Delhi: The

(multirole) 2012 Times of India, 16 July 2014, The other 10:05 a.m. IST. As of 108 will be 09/12/2014: manufacture http://timesofindia.indiatimes d by HAL .com/india/India-closes-in-on- with transfer 20-billion-Rafale- of deal/articleshow/38467237 technology .cms over the next Ranjan Sen, Sudhi. 2014. seven years ‘The Fighters India is Buying

Can't Match Chinese Fighters: Russian Envoy’. New Delhi: NDTV, 18 October 2014, 11:06 p.m. IST. As of 09/12/2014:

http://www.ndtv.com/article /india/rafale-fighters-india-is- buying-can-t-match-chinese- fighters-russian-envoy-608815 SIPRI Trade Register

Kotoky, Anurag. 2014. ‘Airbus Mulls India Assembly for C295 Plane in Military Pitch’. Bloomberg, 5 February 2014, 03:22 a.m. GMT. As Airbus Defence and of 09/12/2014: Space will supply the first http://www.bloomberg.com/ 16 aircraft in ‘fly-away’ Airbus (FR, DE, news/2014-02-04/airbus- condition from its own ES) & Tata mulls-india-assembly-for-c295- final assembly line Advanced Systems aircraft-in-military-pitch.html Tactical and C295 (India) (India) 16 + 40 Shukla, Tarun. 2014. ‘Tata, strategic lift The subsequent 40 Bid submitted but Airbus team up to make aircraft will be contract not yet transport planes for IAF’. manufactured and awarded New Delhi: Livemint.com, 28 assembled by Tata October 2014, 05:45 p.m. Advanced Systems in IST. As of 09/12/2014: India. http://www.livemint.com/Co mpanies/buFura3oYvXdb5a W85JZQI/TataAirbus- submits-joint-bid-to-make- transport-planes-for-I.html

Part of an agreement with IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Embraer to participate in Embraer (Braz) / ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Tactical and KC-390 (Czech the design and Aero Vodochody 2 Assessment – Western strategic lift Rep) production of components (Cz) Europe. Procurement Czech for the Brazilian-led KC- Republic.’ 390 programme.

A330 MRTT [Multi Role Air-to-Air Tanker Airbus (FR) From 2017 6 SIPRI Trade Register refuelling Transport] (India)

Wilk, Remisgiusz. 2014. AgustaWestland/ ‘Poland starts 'Kruk' attack Turkish Aerospace helicopter acquisition Industries T129; Replacement of the programme’. IHS Jane’s the Boeing AH- Attack helicopter country's ageing Mil Mi- Defence Weekly, 9 July Rotary 64E Apache 32 PLN11.6 billion (PL) 24 'Hind' combat 2014. As of 09/12/2014: 'Guardian'; and helicopters. http://www.janes.com/articl the Airbus e/40591/poland-starts-kruk- Helicopters EC attack-helicopter-acquisition- 665 Tiger programme

AgustaWestland with its AW149 / IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Sikorsky with the Multirole ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Rotary Black Hawk S-70i 2014-2022 70 helicopters (PL) Assessment – Western / Eurocopter with Europe. Procurement Poland.’ the EC 725 Caracal

Qualification of the mission packages Stand-alone system "able expected to Atlas Elektronik to carry out the tasks be C4ISTAR UK / Eca Robotics necessary to detect, completed IHS Jane’s, 20/12/2013. Maritime Mine (FR) / QinetiQ, classify, identify, and by 2016. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR Counter-measures Thales SAS (FR) 160M EUR neutralise the mine threat" Operational Assessment – Western (MMCM) (FR & /Ultra Electronics Contract award expected evaluation of Europe. Procurement France.’ UK) Sonar Systems in late 2014 the system to (UK) OCCAR is in charge of be awarding the contract concluded by 2018. In service by 2024

Landseeker IHS Jane’s, 31/12/2013. (Electronic ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR 2017-2018 warfare system) Assessment – Western (UK) Europe. Procurement UK.’

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. 3-D radars Lockheed Martin ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security (Czech Rep, Pb with the availability of C4ISTAR (US)/BAE Systems 2015-2016 30 CZK 1bn Assessment – Western Hungary, funds (UK) Europe. Procurement Czech Slovakia) Republic.’

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Sola S-band ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR By 2015 12 systems (PL) Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement Poland.’

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. Bystra mobile C- ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security C4ISTAR By 2022 19 band radars (PL) Assessment – Western Europe. Procurement Poland.’

IHS Jane’s, 19/02/2014. ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security Procurement Assessment – Western in 2016 for Europe. Procurement Poland.’ deliveries Wilk, Remigiusz. 2011. ‘The Tytan Individual Bumar-led C4ISTAR completed 800 Decisive Year for Tytan’. Battle System (PL) consortium (PL) between Soldiermod.com, 2011. As of 2018 and 09/12/2014: 2022 http://www.soldiermod.com /volume-7/battlesystem- tytan.html

IHS Jane’s, 17/01/2014. Hand-launched Airborne early ‘Jane’s Sentinel Security tactical UAVs By 2018 12 to 16m EUR warning Assessment – Western (AT) Europe. Procurement Austria.’

RAND Europe

1.1. High level overview of current and future equipment programmes

To get an overall high level picture of trends in the European equipment market and the requirements for future equipment, we have used available data from the tables above and estimates on price and delivery schedule (where available) to produce a set of charts outlining the picture of equipment programmes for the next ten to twenty years. To produce these charts, we have:

• taken the publically available information on contract value, converted it to 2014 EUR (using exchange rates and inflation rates available on the website of the European Central Bank)5 • evenly divided the contract value over the period between contract signature and delivery date/in-service date (if specified) • aggregated individual equipment programmes within one sector (e.g. air) to produce a chart for the whole sector

Given the paucity of data and its limited reliability and given the simplistic methodology used to derive a picture of current and future equipment programmes involving European defence companies, these charts should be viewed as indicative and illustrative, rather than conclusive and fully reliable.

Figure B.1. Equipment programmes post 2014 – Ground Vehicles

Ground vehicles Sweden-new

4,000 Finland-new

UK/Czech Republic - prospective 3,500 UK -upgrade

3,000 Spain-new

Germany -upgrade 2,500 Germany/Poland- upgrade

Germany-new 2,000

France- prospective

2014 EUR million 1,500 France -upgrade

France-new 1,000

Poland- prospective

500 Poland-new

0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

5 European Central Bank (n.d.a; n.d.b).

Figure B.2. Equipment programmes post 2014 – Ships and Submarines

Ships and submarines

7000 UK- Successor submarines

6000 Spain-new France-new submarines

5000 Italy-prospective

Netherlands-new

4000 Germany-new submarines

Italy-new submarines 3000 Spain-new submarines 2014 EUR million2014 EUR UK-prospective 2000 UK - new Aircraft carrier

1000 Italy-maintenance UK-maintenance & upgrade

0 UK-new 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027

Figure B.3. Equipment programmes post 2014 – Aircraft

Military aircraft (fixed and rotary)

6,000

5,000 SWE

SWE/Brazil

4,000 UK

A400M within EU

3,000 A400M-exports

UK/France - MALE UAS 2014 EUR million 2,000 Italy

France/India- prospective 1,000 France

0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026