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European Exploration of North America
European Exploration of North America Tell It Again!™ Read-Aloud Anthology Listening & Learning™ Strand Learning™ & Listening Core Knowledge Language Arts® • • Arts® Language Knowledge Core Grade3 European Exploration of North America Tell It Again!™ Read-Aloud Anthology Listening & Learning™ Strand GrAdE 3 Core Knowledge Language Arts® Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution — You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Copyright © 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation www.coreknowledge.org All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge Language Arts, Listening & Learning, and Tell It Again! are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners. -
La Evolución Del Virreinato Colombino, De Un Señorío Feudal a Una Gobernación Moderna”
Facultad de CC. Sociales, Jurídicas y de la Comunicación Grado en Derecho “LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL VIRREINATO COLOMBINO, DE UN SEÑORÍO FEUDAL A UNA GOBERNACIÓN MODERNA” Autor: Roy De Jesús De La Rosa Tutor: Itsván Szászdi León-Borja Profesor de Historia del Derecho 1 RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar el impacto que tuvo el descubrimiento de América para España, a partir del conflicto de intereses que se originó por la falta de consenso en la interpretación de los privilegios concedidos a Cristóbal Colón en las Capitulaciones de Santa fe y que dio lugar a los llamados Pleitos Colombinos. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia que tuvo la regulación jurídica y la forma de gobernación de los virreinatos en el Nuevo Mundo llevada a cabo desde la península por la Corona de Castilla para limitar los privilegios de los virreyes. Restricciones propias de un Estado centralizado, con un poder autoritario, que supuso la transición de un orden institucional feudal a una gobernación moderna. ABSTRACT This essay is focused on analyzing the impact that the discover of America to the Spanish Crown had, from the conflict of interests which was originated by the lack of agreement on the interpretation if the privileges given to Colón in the Santa Fe Capitulations given rise to the so-called Columbus Lawsuits. Furthermore, to emphasize the importance that the legal regulation and the form of governorship of the viceroyalties in the New World carried out from the peninsula by the Crown of Castile had to limit the privileges of the viceroys. Restrictions proper to a centralized state, with an authoritarian power, which meant the transition from a feudal institutional order to a modern government. -
Voyages of Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia Voyages of Christopher Columbus
10/11/2017 Voyages of Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia Voyages of Christopher Columbus In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Christopher Columbus Voyages of encountered the Americas, a continent which Christopher was previously unknown in Europe, leading to Columbus the colonization of the Americas. For a very long time, it was believed that Columbus and his crew had been the first Europeans to make landfall in the Americas. However, they were not the first explorers from Europe to reach the Americas, having been The four voyages of preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Columbus [1][2] Erikson in the 11th century; however, Date 1492, 1493, Columbus's voyages led to the first ongoing 1498, 1502 European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, Location The and colonization that has lasted several Americas centuries. Participants Christopher Columbus Columbus was an Italian-born navigator sailing and Castilian for the Crown of Castile in search of a westward route to Asia, to access the sources of spices and crew (among other oriental goods. This led to the discovery of others) a New World between Europe and Asia. Outcome Re-discovery Columbus made a total of four voyages to the and European Americas between 1492 and 1502, setting the colonization stage for the European exploration and of the colonization of the Americas, ultimately leading Americas to the Columbian Exchange. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus 1/32 10/11/2017 Voyages of Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia At the time of both the Erikson and Columbus voyages, the Americas were inhabited by the Indigenous Americans, the descendants of Paleo-Indians who crossed the Bering Strait, at that time a land bridge, to North America beginning around 20,000 years ago.[3] Columbus's voyages led to the widespread knowledge that a new continent existed west of Europe and east of Asia. -
The Expedition of Hernando De Soto in Sixteenth-Century Arkansas
The Expedition of Hernando de Soto in Sixteenth-Century Arkansas Jeffrey M. Mitchem, Ph.D. (Arkansas Archeological Survey) De Soto’s Route to the Mississippi River along the route that were described in the expedition Hernando de Soto was one of many Europeans to chronicles. gain wealth and fame when he took part in the Span- All researchers agree, however, that the Span- ish conquest of Central and South America in the ish army reached the Mississippi River in the spring of early sixteenth century. In 1539 he used part of his 1541, two years after landing in Florida. The chronicles fortune from his military service in Peru to outfit an indicate that after building rafts, the expedition crossed expeditionary force of around 600 people, horses, war over into what is now Arkansas on June 18, 1541. dogs, and pigs, and sailed from Cuba to the west coast of Florida. Landing in May, members of the expedi- Hernando de Soto in Arkansas tion spent the next four years traveling through what is The Hudson route and the Swanton route are now the southeastern United States, searching in vain far more divergent west of the Mississippi River than for gold and other riches like those found in Central east of it. The map included here shows Hudson’s and South America. proposed route, which agrees with recent archeologi- The first detailed study of de Soto’s route was cal and ethnohistorical studies in Arkansas. Hudson commissioned by Congress in 1939 in recognition believes that the “River of Cayas” referred to in the of the 400th anniversary of the army’s landing. -
Cortés After the Conquest of Mexico
CORTÉS AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO: CONSTRUCTING LEGACY IN NEW SPAIN By RANDALL RAY LOUDAMY Bachelor of Arts Midwestern State University Wichita Falls, Texas 2003 Master of Arts Midwestern State University Wichita Falls, Texas 2007 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2013 CORTÉS AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO: CONSTRUCTING LEGACY IN NEW SPAIN Dissertation Approved: Dr. David D’Andrea Dissertation Adviser Dr. Michael Smith Dr. Joseph Byrnes Dr. James Cooper Dr. Cristina Cruz González ii Name: Randall Ray Loudamy Date of Degree: DECEMBER, 2013 Title of Study: CORTÉS AFTER THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO: CONSTRUCTING LEGACY IN NEW SPAIN Major Field: History Abstract: This dissertation examines an important yet woefully understudied aspect of Hernán Cortés after the conquest of Mexico. The Marquisate of the Valley of Oaxaca was carefully constructed during his lifetime to be his lasting legacy in New Spain. The goal of this dissertation is to reexamine published primary sources in light of this new argument and integrate unknown archival material to trace the development of a lasting legacy by Cortés and his direct heirs in Spanish colonial Mexico. Part one looks at Cortés’s life after the conquest of Mexico, giving particular attention to the themes of fame and honor and how these ideas guided his actions. The importance of land and property in and after the conquest is also highlighted. Part two is an examination of the marquisate, discussing the key features of the various landholdings and also their importance to the legacy Cortés sought to construct. -
Hernando De Soto Arrives and Explores Florida
FL History 1539-1542 Early 1800s Hernando de Soto Arrives and Explores Florida Hernando de Soto was given the title Route of de Soto through Florida. Governor of Cuba by the king of Spain, Carlos V, in 1536. He was also given “La IVER Florida,” the area previously given to Pánfilo CILLA R AU ER RIV de Narváez. TA FE SAN R E V I R E E N A W De Soto chose to use Cuba as a home base for his S W supplies and for planning his expeditions. He spent his fortune recruiting, I T H L O C O arming, and transporting his own army. When he left Spain in 1538, he O C H E E R I was heavily in debt. He believed, however, that he would regain his fortune V E R by finding gold in “La Florida.” ALIFIA RIVER The Expedition to La Florida De Soto sent guides ahead to locate and chart a course for his army. The expedition set sail for Florida on the 18th of May 1539, with five large vessels and four smaller ones. On these vessels were de Soto’s army as well as priests, women, horses, mules, war dogs, and pigs. On May 25th, they made landfall in the Tampa Bay area. De Soto’s expedition initially landed at Piney Point. They made camp at Uzita, which was a native village on the northern shore of the Little Manatee River. Amazingly, a cavalry patrol found a Spanish survivor from an earlier expedition. He had been searching for gold along with Narváez eleven years earlier. -
Hernando De Soto Reading Comprehension Name______
Hernando de Soto Reading Comprehension Name_______________________ Early Life Hernando de Soto was born in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain, sometime around the year 1500. He was born to parents who lived in Extremadura, an area of great hardship and poverty. Like many young men at the time, de Soto longed to escape Extremadura and achieve military fame exploring new lands. Glory and Conquest In 1514, de Soto sailed with the Spanish governor of Panama, where he assisted in the conquest of Central America. From an early age, de Soto gained a reputation for bravery, intellect, and brutality. In 1528, de Soto became regidor of Guatemala and sailed from there to the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, hoping to find a passage from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean that would enable Spanish trade with the East Indies. The expedition ultimately failed, and de Soto joined Francisco Pizarro and his conquest of South America. Because de Soto had a major part in the conquest of the Incan Empire, he became fabulously wealthy upon his return to Spain. De Soto was made governor of Cuba and was expected to colonize the mainland of North America. He chose 620 men for the voyage from Cuba to the interior of North America. De Soto hoped to find the passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Into the Southeast in Search of Gold In May of 1539, de Soto, 620 men, and 220 horses landed at Charlotte Harbor, Florida. He named it Espíritu Santo after the Holy Spirit. The expedition then traveled north through the peninsula of Florida where they endured native ambushes along the way. -
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Ashrafyan K.E. The policy of Catholic Monarchs and Popes in the New World Исторические науки on the Christianization of the population and the policy of local authorities (1492–1513) и археология УДК 94 (7), 93, 94 (4), 34 (15) Статья поступила в редакцию / Received: 11.01.2021 DOI 10.17816/snv2021101208 Статья принята к опубликованию / Accepted: 26.02.2021 THE POLICY OF CATHOLIC MONARCHS AND POPES IN THE NEW WORLD ON THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE POPULATION AND THE POLICY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (1492–1513) © 2021 Ashrafyan K.E. Moscow Region State University (Mytishchi, Moscow Region, Russian Federation) Abstract. The aim was to study the attitude towards slavery and freedom for the natives of the open lands of America on the part of the Spanish Crown, on the one hand, and Christopher Columbus in 1491–1504, and then his son Diego Columbus, appointed governor of Hispaniola in 1508 and became viceroy of the West Indies, on the other. As a result, the texts of the bulls of Pope Alexander VI for May 3 and May 4, September 26, 1493, letters of Catholic Monarchs, letters of Christopher Columbus, letters and orders of Bobadilla and Nicholas Ovando and the events of 1511 in Hispaniola described in the book of Las Casas, as well as documents on the results of the work of the Junta of Burgos in 1512 and the Junta of Valladolid in 1513 were studied and analyzed. The study showed the true and humane attitude of Catholic Monarchs towards the natives of America and the emergence of laws under which the natives of America were granted freedom and equal rights with the Castilians. -
Exploitation of Pearl Fisheries in the Spanish American Colonies
De Re Metallica, 13, 2009 pp. 19-33 © Sociedad Española para la Defensa del Patrimonio Geológico y Minero ISSN: 1577-9033 EXPLOITATION OF PEARL FISHERIES IN THE SPANISH AMERICAN COLONIES Enrique Orche Universidad de Vigo. SEDPGYM. E.T.S.I. Minas, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo. [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes the pearl oyster exploitation process carried out in the Spanish American Colonies compiled by virtue of an integration of researched existing information. The study covers the whole of the colonial period and describes the various productive pearl fisheries by considering all of the exploitation aspects, viz., location and discovery of oyster beds, harvesting methods, labour, diving equipment, taxes and productions. This study there- fore gives us a wholesome vision on the issue. KEY WORDS: Colonial America, pearls, diving, taxes. RESUMEN El presente trabajo describe la explotación de ostras perlíferas llevada a cabo en la América española de acuer- do con las fuentes de la época. El trabajo cubre el período colonial completo y describe las distintas pesquerías productivas considerando todos los aspectos involucrados, como son la localización y descubrimiento de los ostrales, la recogida de las ostras, el trabajo de los pescadores, los equipos de buceo, los impuestos a que estaban sometidas las perlas, su valor y las producciones perlíferas deducidos de éstos. Por tanto, este trabajo proporciona una visión de conjunto de las explotaciones perlíferas de la América colonial española. PALABRAS CLAVE: América hispana, perlas, buceo, impuestos. INTRODUCTION banks at depths of between 10 to 20 metres. Pearls are formed in the mantle of the oysters when a foreign body (generally a parasite, shell pieces, sand grains, etc...) Pearls are shiny hard concretions that are either enters the mantle cavity and the oyster neutralises the spherical or irregular in shape but with a curved sur- irritant foreign body by secreting layers of pearl ooze face. -
Documentos Menos Conocidos De La Expedición De Hernando De Soto Por El Sureste De Norteamérica, 1539-1543
REVISTA DE CRÍTICA LITERARIA LATINOAMERICANA Año XXXIV, No. 67. Lima-Hanover, 1º Semestre de 2008, pp. 125-147 DOCUMENTOS MENOS CONOCIDOS DE LA EXPEDICIÓN DE HERNANDO DE SOTO POR EL SURESTE DE NORTEAMÉRICA, 1539-1543 Charles B. Moore Gardner-Webb University Introducción De los seis conquistadores españoles que exploraron el sureste de Norteamérica entre 1513-1574, Hernando de Soto es el más ce- lebrado en nuestros libros de historia e imaginación popular1. Al res- pecto, se escribió en 1858 que “el nombre de Soto se asocia con escenas de aventura salvaje y logros heroicos en la conquista del Perú y la exploración del suroeste de la Nación” (Haven 223)2. A principios del siglo veinte T. H. Lewis comentó que “la historia, la tradición y la poesía están indeleblemente enlazadas a su nombre (“The Chroniclers” 379) y Hodge declaró que “condados, pueblos y lagos se han nombrado a partir de él y la tradición presta su nombre a muchas localidades bien lejanas de la ruta de su marcha” (129)3. En la década de 1930 el legado de Soto motivó que el Presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt estableciera la Comisión de Soto para investi- gar y publicar en su “Reporte” la ruta definitiva de la expedición (Hudson “Tracking” 33). Para fines del siglo XX el enigma de Soto todavía captaba la imaginación de los historiadores. Ewen, por ejemplo, opinó en 1989 que “deberíamos tener más conciencia de este capítulo no solamente trágico sino decisivo de la historia de las Américas” (39)4. Asimismo Hudson preguntó “¿a dónde fue Soto? La pregunta fascina a un gran número de personas” (“Archeology” 32)5. -
Hernando De Soto
jército OCTUBRE DE 2017 • AÑO LXXVIII • NÚMERO 918 REVISTA DEL EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA ESPAÑOL ■ OCTUBRE 2017 - año LXXVIII núm. 918 ■ EJÉRCITO EJÉRCITO ■ Aretai, la ética de la Los españoles tienen el derecho y el deber de responsabilidad defender a España DOCUMENTO: Artículo 30. Constitución Española Mando de Transmisiones, presente y futuro HERNANDO DE SOTO José Antonio Crespo-Francés. Coronel. Infantería En ambientes culturales anglosajones nortea- El mericanos es frecuente escuchar hablar del «si- E glo perdido» para referirse al espacio temporal que abarca desde la llegada de Colón en 1492 hasta la arribada de los Peregrinos en 1622, olvi- dando que las dos primeras Acciones de Gracias, Rincón Thanksgiving Day, de los EE. UU. de América fueron celebradas en Florida (1565) por el ca- R pitán general y gobernador Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, y en Nuevo México (1598) por Juan de de la Oñate, siendo ambos, en su doble condición de capitán general y gobernador, el anteceden- te más antiguo de la Guardia Nacional de los EE. UU. Hasta el definitivo asentamiento español fue- Historia ron muchos los nombres que se ligaron al fracaso pero cuya experiencia ayudó al éxito en el defini- tivo asentamiento ejecutado por Pedro Menéndez H de Avilés a partir de 1565. Debemos mencionar a Ponce de León, Hernández de Córdoba, Alonso Álvarez de Pineda (autor del primer dibujo del seno mexicano en su totalidad), Francisco de Garay, Francisco Gordillo, Pedro de Quejo, Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Esteban Gómez, Pánfilo de Narváez, Cabeza de Vaca, Hernando de Soto (nuestro héroe de este artículo), Luis de Moscoso, Diego Maldonado, Gómez Arias, Fray Luis de Cáncer, Fray Gregorio Beteta, Tristán de Luna, Ángel Villafañe y Hernando Manrique de Rojas, hasta llegar a Pedro Menéndez, sin olvidarnos de pilotos de la categoría de Antón de Alaminos, descubridor de la corriente del Golfo, Diego de Miruelo o Gonzalo Gayón. -
La Florida Y El Suroeste Americano Nicolás Toscano
La Florida y el suroeste americano Nicolás Toscano Introducción Se ocupan estas páginas de las primeras huellas hispanas en la Florida y en el suroeste norteamericano. Establecer las rutas de los primeros asentadores, los establecimientos religiosos, civiles y militares que iban construyendo, y la periodización de este proceder de exploración y de fundación es en sí una misma cosa, son tres ramas de un mismo árbol, inseparables. El trabajo no es de exégesis, pues no se trata de contrastar las ideas que movieron al hombre a esta aventura. Han corrido ríos de tinta sobre ello y seguirán corriendo afortu- nadamente. Es más una labor de compilación y de referencia que sirva como punto de partida para, primero, adentrarse en la lectura de los documentos escritos por los testigos presenciales de aquellos hechos irrepetibles; segundo, evaluar aquellas otras obras de hombres doctos que han procedido a lo largo de los siglos a sopesar y contrastar opinio- nes; y tercero, sacar del olvido infinidad de documentos que, relegados al desinterés o a la desidia, están esperando los ojos jóvenes de los nuevos paleógrafos, que hagan públicos en sus libros los mil relatos e informes que se encuentran inéditos en los legajos de nues- tros archivos, para así tener una idea más completa y más exacta de lo que ocurrió. Buscaremos, pues, el común denominador de historias narradas hasta ahora por muchos y las reduciremos a los hechos esenciales que pueden servir como punto de partida al que desee profundizar más en estos temas. Pedro Mártir de Anglería en sus