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Bartolome De Las Casas Revisited
Bartolome de Las Casas Revisited Amber Ferris Seminar Paper Presented to the Department of History Western Oregon University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in History Spring 2009 Approved________________________________________Date___________ Approved________________________________________Date___________ HST 499: Prof. Max Geier & Prof. Narasingha Sil 2 Fray Bartolome de Las Cas O La Proteccion de Los Indios Source: http://libweb.hawaii.edu/libdept/charlotcoll/posada/images/posada/posbib76.gif 3 I Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492 opened a whole new world to the Europeans. The discovered land held new resources, new territory, and new peoples. Conquistadors were enthralled by the lure of gold and territory. But the Spanish government and colonists faced the problem of the nature and status of the people that already inhabited these lands. Were they to be treated as equals, serfs, or slaves? Were they even really people? The answers to these questions were complex and unclear. The Spanish crown made many laws regarding how the natives and colonists should interact, however, much of this legislation was ignored by colonists and conquerors. Most of the colonists were more than happy to exploit the natives, but some religious orders opposed this exploitation. One of the most outspoken defenders of indigenous rights was the Dominican Order. An especially tenacious Dominican defender of natives' rights was Fr. Bartolome de Las Casas, who campaigned for native rights during the early and mid-sixteenth century. As this paper will show, Las Casas’ championship of indigenous rights was shaped by his European heritage. II The Spanish conquest of the New World happened in concurrence with the Renaissance in Europe. -
Chapter Three the Genesis of the Black Legend
1 Chapter Three The Genesis of the Black Legend "Todo esto yo lo vide con mis ojos corporates mortales." Bartolomé de las Casas, 1504. "I saw all this with my very own eyes." “ I watched as the Lamb opened the first of the seven seals. Then I heard one of the four living creatures say in a voice like thunder, “Come!” I looked, and there before me was a white horse! Its rider held a bow, and he was given a crown, and he rode out as a conqueror bent on conquest.” [Revelation 6:1,2] Or, in Latin as Las Casas may have been accustomed to reading it “Et vidi quod aperuisset agnus unum de septem signaculis et audivi unum de quattuor animalibus dicentem tamquam vocem tonitrui veni. Et vidi et ecce equus albus et qui sedebat super illum habebat arcum et data est ei corona et exivit vincens ut vinceret.” 1Perhaps he also read it in Spanish: “Vi cuando el Cordero abrió uno de los sellos, y oí a uno de los cuatro seres vivientes decir como con voz un trueno: Ven y mira. Y miré, y he aquí un caballo banco; y el que lo montaba tenía un arco; le fue dada una corona, y salió venciendo, y para vencer.” "Like a partridge that hatches eggs it did not lay is the man who gains riches by unjust means." Jeremiah 17:11 Next to climbing aboard a ship for a long journey, there is probably nothing more exciting than getting off that same ship! Especially if after a long voyage, sometimes made terrifying by the perils of the sea. -
California's Legal Heritage
California’s Legal Heritage n the eve of California’s statehood, numerous Spanish Civil Law Tradition Odebates raged among the drafters of its consti- tution. One argument centered upon the proposed o understand the historic roots of the legal tradi- retention of civil law principles inherited from Spain Ttion that California brought with it to statehood and Mexico, which offered community property rights in 1850, we must go back to Visigothic Spain. The not conferred by the common law. Delegates for and Visigoths famously sacked Rome in 410 CE after years against the incorporation of civil law elements into of war, but then became allies of the Romans against California’s common law future used dramatic, fiery the Vandal and Suevian tribes. They were rewarded language to make their cases, with parties on both with the right to establish their kingdom in Roman sides taking opportunities to deride the “barbarous territories of Southern France (Gallia) and Spain (His- principles of the early ages.” Though invoked for dra- pania). By the late fifth century, the Visigoths achieved ma, such statements were surprisingly accurate. The complete independence from Rome, and King Euric civil law tradition in question was one that in fact de- established a code of law for the Visigothic nation. rived from the time when the Visigoths, one of the This was the first codification of Germanic customary so-called “barbarian” tribes, invaded and won Spanish law, but it also incorporated principles of Roman law. territory from a waning Roman Empire. This feat set Euric’s son and successor, Alaric, ordered a separate in motion a trajectory that would take the Spanish law code of law known as the Lex Romana Visigothorum from Europe to all parts of Spanish America, eventu- for the Hispanic Romans living under Visigothic rule. -
1 Perspectives in History
Perspectives in History: “Race” in Colonial Latin America 21:510:316 Writing Intensive Conklin 345 Wednesdays 4:00-7:00 Prof. Karen Caplan Office Hours: Wednesdays 1:00-2:00 and by appointment Email: [email protected] *The contents of this syllabus are subject to change by the professor* In 1492, three groups of people—Europeans, indigenous people, and Africans—began to live together in what we now call Latin America. Spanish soldiers, administrators, and settlers encountered large, complex, and unfamiliar populations. Those indigenous people faced the influx of armed and often violently hostile invaders whose motives were not immediately clear. And with those invaders came both enslaved and free Africans, disconnected both from their places of ultimate origin and the European world they had been forced to join. In the years that followed, as Spanish and Portuguese people established military, religious, and political authority, all these people struggled to make sense of each other and to find ways to live in a drastically altered world. As they did so, they created and left behind a wide range of documents—drawings, treatises, laws, diaries, petitions, letters, and books—that have allowed historians to explore their experiences. In this class, students will read and interrogate these documents—what scholars call “primary sources”—to both ask and answer the kinds of questions that scholars think about. What did the people who created these documents believe about themselves and each other? How did their beliefs and understandings shape -
La Evolución Del Virreinato Colombino, De Un Señorío Feudal a Una Gobernación Moderna”
Facultad de CC. Sociales, Jurídicas y de la Comunicación Grado en Derecho “LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL VIRREINATO COLOMBINO, DE UN SEÑORÍO FEUDAL A UNA GOBERNACIÓN MODERNA” Autor: Roy De Jesús De La Rosa Tutor: Itsván Szászdi León-Borja Profesor de Historia del Derecho 1 RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar el impacto que tuvo el descubrimiento de América para España, a partir del conflicto de intereses que se originó por la falta de consenso en la interpretación de los privilegios concedidos a Cristóbal Colón en las Capitulaciones de Santa fe y que dio lugar a los llamados Pleitos Colombinos. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia que tuvo la regulación jurídica y la forma de gobernación de los virreinatos en el Nuevo Mundo llevada a cabo desde la península por la Corona de Castilla para limitar los privilegios de los virreyes. Restricciones propias de un Estado centralizado, con un poder autoritario, que supuso la transición de un orden institucional feudal a una gobernación moderna. ABSTRACT This essay is focused on analyzing the impact that the discover of America to the Spanish Crown had, from the conflict of interests which was originated by the lack of agreement on the interpretation if the privileges given to Colón in the Santa Fe Capitulations given rise to the so-called Columbus Lawsuits. Furthermore, to emphasize the importance that the legal regulation and the form of governorship of the viceroyalties in the New World carried out from the peninsula by the Crown of Castile had to limit the privileges of the viceroys. Restrictions proper to a centralized state, with an authoritarian power, which meant the transition from a feudal institutional order to a modern government. -
Land and Tenure in Early Colonial Peru: Individualizing the Sapci, "That Which Is Common to All"
Land and Tenure in Early Colonial Peru: Individualizing the Sapci , "That Which is Common to All" Susan Elizabeth Ramírez The Medieval Globe, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2016, pp. 33-70 (Article) Published by Arc Humanities Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/758514 [ Access provided at 29 Sep 2021 11:47 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] LAND AND TENURE IN EARLY COLONIAL PERU: INDIVIDUALIZING THE SAPCI, “THAT WHICH IS COMMON TO ALL” SUSAN ELIZABETH RAMÍREZ By taking away said [native] lands and giving them to Spaniards and forc ing the very same Indians to work the same lands that they lost[,] so that they [the Spaniards or Spanish authorities] say that they confiscate the whenlands becausethey take they away [the his natives] land and cannot they deprivecultivate him them; of hisand freedom then they to haveforce itthe worked same forindividuals him and theyto till force them[;] him thento work what it forcan the an person Indian whofeel 1 confiscated it[?] the transition from indigenous customs regard ing land possession and use to European property law as gradually imposed and Thisimplemented arTicle by the o UTSpanishlines colonial state in the Viceroyalty of Peru in the six teenth century. The iconic confrontation between Francisco Pizarro and the Inca examined from many different angles over the years. The military advantages ruler Atahualpa on the plaza of Cajamarca2 in 1532, and its aftermath, has been many. The attendant evangelization efforts interested multiple researchers. of that face-off quickly took center stage. The quest for gold and silver focused General3 studies of the negotiation that marked the permanent establishment of4 process of settlement and reorganization. -
Remembering Columbus: Blinded by Politics
Acad. Quest. (2019) 32:105–113 DOI 10.1007/s12129-018-9756-7 ARTICLES Remembering Columbus: Blinded by Politics Robert Carle Published online: 14 January 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 The dozens of American cities, counties, and institutions that are named after Christopher Columbus (or his literary equivalent Columbia) signify the privileged role that Columbus holds in American civic life. Early Americans depicted Columbus as America’s first frontiersman, a hero who had left the comforts of Europe to search for a fresh start in a new world. They cheered him as an enlightened champion of science who upended obscurantist European ideas. Washington Irving popularized this interpretation of Columbus in his History of the Life and Voyages of Columbus, published in 1837. In Irving’s hands, Columbus became a man of science who liberated himself from the shackles of medieval and Catholic Europe to shape a progressive and Protestant America. Much of Irving’s biography of Columbus is pure fiction, but his book defined Columbus for nineteenth century Americans. The most enduring myth that Irving promoted was the false assertion that Ferdinand and Isabella believed that the earth was flat. The geographers and astronomers that the royal couple consulted knew the earth was spherical but correctly estimated that Japan was 12,000 miles from Spain, not 2,400 miles, as Columbus calculated.1 In 1940, Samuel Eliot Morison called Irving’s story “misleading and mischievous nonsense. The sphericity of the globe was not in question. The issue was the width of the ocean; and therein the opposition was right.”2 Fortunately for Columbus, the Bahamas lie where he thought he would find Japan. -
2019-2020 AP US History Summer Assignment Instructor: Mr. Zemaitis
2019-2020 AP US History Summer Assignment Instructor: Mr. Zemaitis Welcome to AP US History! My name is Mr. Zemaitis and I am looking forward to working with you this fall. You will not have access to the course textbook for this summer assignment. Instead, you will initially receive a paper copy of the assignment, and an electronic copy will be made available the New Britain High School website at www.csdnb.org. This assignment is to help you build a fundamental knowledge base of US History and is intended to lay the foundation for the material to come for the remainder of the year. For most of you, this may be your first AP history class. To be successful, you will need to stay focused, stay organized, manage your time, and work hard. AP students must be prepared to do at least 6-8 hours of work outside the classroom per week. This may seem to be a lot, but I promise you that if you set aside time each day and don’t procrastinate, you will be fine. During the 2019-2020 school year, the class will explore US History from 1492 to the present. We will study the “big picture”, recognize trends, and examine the economic, social and political interactions of its citizenry. Also, as we learn about history, you will gain valuable skills so that you can successfully take the May 2020 exam. The purpose of this summer assignment is to get you jump-started on the AP US curriculum. Our textbook is 28 chapters long and we will have to cover the material in about 30 weeks in order to review for the AP exam. -
Voyages of Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia Voyages of Christopher Columbus
10/11/2017 Voyages of Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia Voyages of Christopher Columbus In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Christopher Columbus Voyages of encountered the Americas, a continent which Christopher was previously unknown in Europe, leading to Columbus the colonization of the Americas. For a very long time, it was believed that Columbus and his crew had been the first Europeans to make landfall in the Americas. However, they were not the first explorers from Europe to reach the Americas, having been The four voyages of preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Columbus [1][2] Erikson in the 11th century; however, Date 1492, 1493, Columbus's voyages led to the first ongoing 1498, 1502 European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, Location The and colonization that has lasted several Americas centuries. Participants Christopher Columbus Columbus was an Italian-born navigator sailing and Castilian for the Crown of Castile in search of a westward route to Asia, to access the sources of spices and crew (among other oriental goods. This led to the discovery of others) a New World between Europe and Asia. Outcome Re-discovery Columbus made a total of four voyages to the and European Americas between 1492 and 1502, setting the colonization stage for the European exploration and of the colonization of the Americas, ultimately leading Americas to the Columbian Exchange. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus 1/32 10/11/2017 Voyages of Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia At the time of both the Erikson and Columbus voyages, the Americas were inhabited by the Indigenous Americans, the descendants of Paleo-Indians who crossed the Bering Strait, at that time a land bridge, to North America beginning around 20,000 years ago.[3] Columbus's voyages led to the widespread knowledge that a new continent existed west of Europe and east of Asia. -
Multi-Cultural Encounter and Exchange Among Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in Colonial Florida and the Caribbean”
Deagan- Multi-cultural Encounter..10/2012 p.1 Multi-Cultural Encounter and Exchange among Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in Colonial Florida and the Caribbean” Kathleen Deagan, University of Florida Introduction: History and Archaeology One of the most striking aspects of Hispanic-American society today is the vibrant blend of Native American, African and European elements that is apparent in so many areas of life. We see this in cuisine, architecture, clothing, language, crafts , folklore and the very faces of people throughout Latin America. This cultural blending is not a modern phenomenon, but rather one that has its roots in the early years of colonial encounter among Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in America. This colonial pluralism is perhaps most evident in the material household life of early Spanish colonists, which is principally revealed through archaeology. Because American cultural encounters were shaped by engagements between literate and non- literate peoples, it is impossible to rely exclusively upon either written sources or material evidence alone when examining colonial exchange and its outcomes. Historical archeology (sometimes called text-aided archaeology) is the study of the past through the integration of written documents, material remains and stratigraphic contexts in the dirt. Florida and the Spanish Caribbean were among the very earliest place in America to be colonized, and most of my comments about the nature of early cultural convergence are based on archaeological research carried out in those areas . Historians have abundantly documented and dissected Spain’s colonial policies and practices in America i .These are essential contributions, but they tend to reveal the policies and practices of the literate European elite - a tiny minority of people in colonial America. -
Columbus, Hispaniola Settlement, 1493
John Carter Brown Library, Brown University “THE FIRST IN THE INDIES” Columbus establishes the Town of Isabella on Hispaniola, 1493* Compiled from Spanish state papers by Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas in Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano (General History of the deeds of the Castilians on the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea), Madrid, 1601-1615. Translated by John Stevens, 1740. Excerpts. ___________________________________________________ Columbus sailed on his first voyage with three ships and about 100 men, landing in the Bahamas on an island whose identity remains uncertain. After exploring the Bahamas and Cuba, he reached the island he named La Isla Español (Hispaniola). When the Santa Maria became grounded, he ordered a small fort to be built with its salvaged lumber, named it La Navidad, and left about forty men to remain there until his return. On his second voyage in 1493, he sailed with seventeen ships and about 1200 men, arriving in Hispaniola in late November to find the fort of La Navidad destroyed with no survivors. Near its ruins, on the northern coast of the present-day Dominican Republic, he founded the short-lived town of Isabella. Caribbean islands named by Columbus, THE ADMIRAL SETTLES THE COLONY 1493: Ferna[n]da, Hyspana, Isabella, Salvatorie, and Conceptoi[ne] marie CALL’D ISABELLA IN THE ISLAND HISPANIOLA . The Admiral was now in the Port de la Navidad, of the Nativity, very thoughtful how to behave himself to give a good beginning to his enterprise; and thinking that the Province of Marien, where his Ships were riding, was very low land and had no stone or other materials for building, though it had good harbors and fresh water, he resolved to turn back along the coast to the eastward to find out a proper place to build a town. -
Environmental Thought During Spain's Golden Age, 1492-1618 by Harley
Managing the Empire’s Wealth: Environmental Thought during Spain’s Golden Age, 1492-1618 By Harley Davidson Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Luis Corteguera ________________________________ Sara Gregg ________________________________ Greg Cushman ________________________________ Anton Rosenthal ________________________________ Santa Arias Date Defended: April 8, 2016 ii The Dissertation Committee for Harley Davidson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Managing the Empire’s Wealth: Environmental Thought during Spain’s Golden Age, 1492-1618 ________________________________ Chairperson, Luis Corteguera Date approved: April 8, 2016 iii Abstract During the sixteenth century, or Spain's so-called "Golden Age," Spain's understanding of wealth, resource management, and cosmology underwent massive evolution in the face of gaining an empire in the Americas. Before the conquest of the Americas, resource scarcity and the need for careful resource management defined Spanish environmental thought. Afterward, the idea that the Americas could provide infinite wealth took precedence. But as the century progressed and the empire declined, people from different parts of Spanish society--municipal councilmen, conquistadors, royal cosmographers, and royal reformers--reconciled these two ideas into one line of thought: abundant