1 Perspectives in History
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Bartolome De Las Casas Revisited
Bartolome de Las Casas Revisited Amber Ferris Seminar Paper Presented to the Department of History Western Oregon University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in History Spring 2009 Approved________________________________________Date___________ Approved________________________________________Date___________ HST 499: Prof. Max Geier & Prof. Narasingha Sil 2 Fray Bartolome de Las Cas O La Proteccion de Los Indios Source: http://libweb.hawaii.edu/libdept/charlotcoll/posada/images/posada/posbib76.gif 3 I Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492 opened a whole new world to the Europeans. The discovered land held new resources, new territory, and new peoples. Conquistadors were enthralled by the lure of gold and territory. But the Spanish government and colonists faced the problem of the nature and status of the people that already inhabited these lands. Were they to be treated as equals, serfs, or slaves? Were they even really people? The answers to these questions were complex and unclear. The Spanish crown made many laws regarding how the natives and colonists should interact, however, much of this legislation was ignored by colonists and conquerors. Most of the colonists were more than happy to exploit the natives, but some religious orders opposed this exploitation. One of the most outspoken defenders of indigenous rights was the Dominican Order. An especially tenacious Dominican defender of natives' rights was Fr. Bartolome de Las Casas, who campaigned for native rights during the early and mid-sixteenth century. As this paper will show, Las Casas’ championship of indigenous rights was shaped by his European heritage. II The Spanish conquest of the New World happened in concurrence with the Renaissance in Europe. -
California's Legal Heritage
California’s Legal Heritage n the eve of California’s statehood, numerous Spanish Civil Law Tradition Odebates raged among the drafters of its consti- tution. One argument centered upon the proposed o understand the historic roots of the legal tradi- retention of civil law principles inherited from Spain Ttion that California brought with it to statehood and Mexico, which offered community property rights in 1850, we must go back to Visigothic Spain. The not conferred by the common law. Delegates for and Visigoths famously sacked Rome in 410 CE after years against the incorporation of civil law elements into of war, but then became allies of the Romans against California’s common law future used dramatic, fiery the Vandal and Suevian tribes. They were rewarded language to make their cases, with parties on both with the right to establish their kingdom in Roman sides taking opportunities to deride the “barbarous territories of Southern France (Gallia) and Spain (His- principles of the early ages.” Though invoked for dra- pania). By the late fifth century, the Visigoths achieved ma, such statements were surprisingly accurate. The complete independence from Rome, and King Euric civil law tradition in question was one that in fact de- established a code of law for the Visigothic nation. rived from the time when the Visigoths, one of the This was the first codification of Germanic customary so-called “barbarian” tribes, invaded and won Spanish law, but it also incorporated principles of Roman law. territory from a waning Roman Empire. This feat set Euric’s son and successor, Alaric, ordered a separate in motion a trajectory that would take the Spanish law code of law known as the Lex Romana Visigothorum from Europe to all parts of Spanish America, eventu- for the Hispanic Romans living under Visigothic rule. -
Land and Tenure in Early Colonial Peru: Individualizing the Sapci, "That Which Is Common to All"
Land and Tenure in Early Colonial Peru: Individualizing the Sapci , "That Which is Common to All" Susan Elizabeth Ramírez The Medieval Globe, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2016, pp. 33-70 (Article) Published by Arc Humanities Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/758514 [ Access provided at 29 Sep 2021 11:47 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] LAND AND TENURE IN EARLY COLONIAL PERU: INDIVIDUALIZING THE SAPCI, “THAT WHICH IS COMMON TO ALL” SUSAN ELIZABETH RAMÍREZ By taking away said [native] lands and giving them to Spaniards and forc ing the very same Indians to work the same lands that they lost[,] so that they [the Spaniards or Spanish authorities] say that they confiscate the whenlands becausethey take they away [the his natives] land and cannot they deprivecultivate him them; of hisand freedom then they to haveforce itthe worked same forindividuals him and theyto till force them[;] him thento work what it forcan the an person Indian whofeel 1 confiscated it[?] the transition from indigenous customs regard ing land possession and use to European property law as gradually imposed and Thisimplemented arTicle by the o UTSpanishlines colonial state in the Viceroyalty of Peru in the six teenth century. The iconic confrontation between Francisco Pizarro and the Inca examined from many different angles over the years. The military advantages ruler Atahualpa on the plaza of Cajamarca2 in 1532, and its aftermath, has been many. The attendant evangelization efforts interested multiple researchers. of that face-off quickly took center stage. The quest for gold and silver focused General3 studies of the negotiation that marked the permanent establishment of4 process of settlement and reorganization. -
2019-2020 AP US History Summer Assignment Instructor: Mr. Zemaitis
2019-2020 AP US History Summer Assignment Instructor: Mr. Zemaitis Welcome to AP US History! My name is Mr. Zemaitis and I am looking forward to working with you this fall. You will not have access to the course textbook for this summer assignment. Instead, you will initially receive a paper copy of the assignment, and an electronic copy will be made available the New Britain High School website at www.csdnb.org. This assignment is to help you build a fundamental knowledge base of US History and is intended to lay the foundation for the material to come for the remainder of the year. For most of you, this may be your first AP history class. To be successful, you will need to stay focused, stay organized, manage your time, and work hard. AP students must be prepared to do at least 6-8 hours of work outside the classroom per week. This may seem to be a lot, but I promise you that if you set aside time each day and don’t procrastinate, you will be fine. During the 2019-2020 school year, the class will explore US History from 1492 to the present. We will study the “big picture”, recognize trends, and examine the economic, social and political interactions of its citizenry. Also, as we learn about history, you will gain valuable skills so that you can successfully take the May 2020 exam. The purpose of this summer assignment is to get you jump-started on the AP US curriculum. Our textbook is 28 chapters long and we will have to cover the material in about 30 weeks in order to review for the AP exam. -
Multi-Cultural Encounter and Exchange Among Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in Colonial Florida and the Caribbean”
Deagan- Multi-cultural Encounter..10/2012 p.1 Multi-Cultural Encounter and Exchange among Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in Colonial Florida and the Caribbean” Kathleen Deagan, University of Florida Introduction: History and Archaeology One of the most striking aspects of Hispanic-American society today is the vibrant blend of Native American, African and European elements that is apparent in so many areas of life. We see this in cuisine, architecture, clothing, language, crafts , folklore and the very faces of people throughout Latin America. This cultural blending is not a modern phenomenon, but rather one that has its roots in the early years of colonial encounter among Spaniards, American Indians and Africans in America. This colonial pluralism is perhaps most evident in the material household life of early Spanish colonists, which is principally revealed through archaeology. Because American cultural encounters were shaped by engagements between literate and non- literate peoples, it is impossible to rely exclusively upon either written sources or material evidence alone when examining colonial exchange and its outcomes. Historical archeology (sometimes called text-aided archaeology) is the study of the past through the integration of written documents, material remains and stratigraphic contexts in the dirt. Florida and the Spanish Caribbean were among the very earliest place in America to be colonized, and most of my comments about the nature of early cultural convergence are based on archaeological research carried out in those areas . Historians have abundantly documented and dissected Spain’s colonial policies and practices in America i .These are essential contributions, but they tend to reveal the policies and practices of the literate European elite - a tiny minority of people in colonial America. -
Environmental Thought During Spain's Golden Age, 1492-1618 by Harley
Managing the Empire’s Wealth: Environmental Thought during Spain’s Golden Age, 1492-1618 By Harley Davidson Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Luis Corteguera ________________________________ Sara Gregg ________________________________ Greg Cushman ________________________________ Anton Rosenthal ________________________________ Santa Arias Date Defended: April 8, 2016 ii The Dissertation Committee for Harley Davidson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Managing the Empire’s Wealth: Environmental Thought during Spain’s Golden Age, 1492-1618 ________________________________ Chairperson, Luis Corteguera Date approved: April 8, 2016 iii Abstract During the sixteenth century, or Spain's so-called "Golden Age," Spain's understanding of wealth, resource management, and cosmology underwent massive evolution in the face of gaining an empire in the Americas. Before the conquest of the Americas, resource scarcity and the need for careful resource management defined Spanish environmental thought. Afterward, the idea that the Americas could provide infinite wealth took precedence. But as the century progressed and the empire declined, people from different parts of Spanish society--municipal councilmen, conquistadors, royal cosmographers, and royal reformers--reconciled these two ideas into one line of thought: abundant -
America's First Slave Revolt: Indians and African Slaves in Española
Ethnohistory America’s First Slave Revolt: Indians and African Slaves in Española, 1500–1534 Erin Woodruff Stone, Vanderbilt University Abstract. On Christmas Day 1521, in the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, the first recorded slave revolt in the Americas occurred. A group of African, likely Wolof, slaves came together with native Indians led by the Taíno cacique Enriquillo to assert their independence. Beyond being the first slave revolt in the Americas, it was also one of the most important moments in Colonial American history because it was the first known instance when Africans and Indians united against their Spanish over- lords in the Americas. Little scholarship exists that focuses on the event, and what does exist concentrates on either the Indian or the African revolt without linking the two events. By overlooking the revolt and its origins, Latin American historiography perpetuates the portrayal of Española as a stepping stone or “antechamber” to the conquest of Mexico or Peru, only focusing on the initial discovery by Christopher Columbus before leaving the Caribbean behind. This essay addresses these silences by carefully examining the evolution of colonial society on Española using sources found in the Archivo General de Indias and recent archaeological studies. Among the themes I analyze in my article are the scope and meaning of the early indigenous slave trade; the greater social, political, and cultural impact of the Caribbean slave trade from 1500 to 1530; the factors that prompted both the Indians and Africans to revolt; and the roles played by the various religious groups on the island. This essay will serve as a case study of an event when Africans and Indians joined against a common enemy, thereby gaining their own agency and power. -
Calls for Justice in the New World: the Prophetic Life of Bartolomé De Las Casas in the Spanish Colonization of the Americas
Whitworth Digital Commons Whitworth University History of Christianity II: TH 314 Honors Program Spring 2018 Calls for Justice in the New World: The rP ophetic Life of Bartolomé de Las Casas in the Spanish Colonization of the Americas Daniel Roberts Whitworth University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/th314h Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, History of Christianity Commons, and the History of Religions of Western Origin Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Daniel , "Calls for Justice in the New World: The rP ophetic Life of Bartolomé de Las Casas in the Spanish Colonization of the Americas" Whitworth University (2018). History of Christianity II: TH 314. Paper 18. https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/th314h/18 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Whitworth University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Christianity II: TH 314 by an authorized administrator of Whitworth University. Daniel Roberts TH-314 History of Christianity II Dr. Keith Beebe 26 April, 2018 Calls for Justice in the New World: The Prophetic Life of Bartolomé de Las Casas in the Spanish Colonization of the Americas For Christians of European and American descent, the history of the conquest of the Americas and further enslavement of Africans is a harsh reminder that Christians can be just as violent and destructive as any tyrant who has ever lived. Much like Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth, Westerners have the memory of millions of dead and enslaved on their hands, a memory which cannot easily be washed away, plaguing the conscience. -
The Spanish Lake
The Spanish Lake The Pacific since Magellan, Volume I The Spanish Lake O. H. K. Spate ‘Let Observation with extensive View, Survey Mankind, from China to Peru ...’ Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au Previously published by the Australian National University Press, Canberra National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Spate, O. H. K. (Oskar Hermann Khristian), 1911–2000 The Spanish Lake Includes index ISBN 1 920942 17 3 ISBN 1 920942 16 5 (Online) 1. Explorers–Spain. 2. Pacific Area–Discovery and exploration. 3. Latin America–Economic conditions–History. 4. Latin America–Civilization–European influences. 5. Pacific Area–History. I. Title. (Series: Spate, O. H. K. [Oskar Hermann Khristian], 1911–2000. The Pacific since Magellan, Vol.1) 910.091823 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Reproduction, setting and all electronic versions by Laserwords Cover design by Brendon McKinley Printed by Digital Print Australia, Adelaide First edition 1979 O. H. K. Spate This edition 2004 O. H. K. Spate In memoriam ARMANDO CORTESAO˜ homem da Renascenc¸a renascido Figure 1. PACIFIC WINDS AND CURRENTS. 1, approx. limits of Trade Wind belts, April- September; 2, same in October-March; 3, approx. trend of main currents; 4,ofmaindrifts;5,encloses area dominated by Southeast Asian monsoons; 6, areas of high typhoon risk, especially July-October; 7, belt of calms and light airs (Doldrums). -
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Ashrafyan K.E. The policy of Catholic Monarchs and Popes in the New World Исторические науки on the Christianization of the population and the policy of local authorities (1492–1513) и археология УДК 94 (7), 93, 94 (4), 34 (15) Статья поступила в редакцию / Received: 11.01.2021 DOI 10.17816/snv2021101208 Статья принята к опубликованию / Accepted: 26.02.2021 THE POLICY OF CATHOLIC MONARCHS AND POPES IN THE NEW WORLD ON THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE POPULATION AND THE POLICY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (1492–1513) © 2021 Ashrafyan K.E. Moscow Region State University (Mytishchi, Moscow Region, Russian Federation) Abstract. The aim was to study the attitude towards slavery and freedom for the natives of the open lands of America on the part of the Spanish Crown, on the one hand, and Christopher Columbus in 1491–1504, and then his son Diego Columbus, appointed governor of Hispaniola in 1508 and became viceroy of the West Indies, on the other. As a result, the texts of the bulls of Pope Alexander VI for May 3 and May 4, September 26, 1493, letters of Catholic Monarchs, letters of Christopher Columbus, letters and orders of Bobadilla and Nicholas Ovando and the events of 1511 in Hispaniola described in the book of Las Casas, as well as documents on the results of the work of the Junta of Burgos in 1512 and the Junta of Valladolid in 1513 were studied and analyzed. The study showed the true and humane attitude of Catholic Monarchs towards the natives of America and the emergence of laws under which the natives of America were granted freedom and equal rights with the Castilians. -
Journal of Arizona History Index
Index to the Journal of Arizona History, K-L Arizona Historical Society, [email protected] 480-387-5355 NOTE: the index includes two citation formats. The format for Volumes 1-5 is: volume (issue): page number(s) The format for Volumes 6 -54 is: volume: page number(s) K Ka-ah-te-ney (Apache warrior) 42:102 Kabotie, Fred, autobiography of, reviewed 19:429-30 Kachina and the Cross: Indians and Spaniards in the Early Southwest, by Carroll L. Riley, reviewed 42:110-11 Kachina and the White Man: The Influences of White Culture on the Hopi Kachina Cult, by Frederick J. Dockstader, reviewed 28:314-16 Kachina dances 30:441 Kachina Dolls: The Art of Hopi Carvers, by Helga Teiwes, reviewed 34:327-28 Kachina Heights Ski Area See Arizona Snowbowl Kachina Peaks Wilderness 47:184 Kadota Fig Cannery 32:277 Kadota fig industry 33:280 Kaedine (Apache Leader) 27:80, 90 n. 4 Kaemlein, Wilma, book coedited by, reviewed 28:202-4 1 Index to the Journal of Arizona History, K-L Arizona Historical Society, [email protected] 480-387-5355 Kaestle, Carl 46:100 Ka-e-ten-a See Kayetenna Kah-a-mana (Hopi Indian) 52:27 n. 16 Kahlenberg, Mary Hunt, book coauthored by, reviewed 19:335-37 Kahn, Ava F., book edited by, reviewed 45:325-26 Kaibab 54:360 Kaibab Estates 39:172 Kaibab Limestone 17:24-25, 47 Kaibab Lodge 54:372; See also V.T. Ranch Hotel Kaibab Lumber Company 44:382 Kaibab National Forest 29:75, 76; 43:41-64, 216; 44:5; 50:213; 51:365; 54:360, 368 Kaibab Plateau 19:362, 379-80; 40:417; 41:11; 45:5; 51:151 nn. -
Twisted Roots by Carlos Alberto Montaner
Twisted Roots A Look at the Historical and Cultural Influences that Shaped Latin America Into the Most Impoverished, Unstable, and Backward Region of the Western World by Carlos Alberto Montaner An indispensable book for understanding why Latin America has been, until now, an unfulfilled promise. -- Mario Vargas Llosa Translated by Louis Aguilar and Marilú del Toro1 1 Translator’s Note: Quotations were translated from the author’s Spanish and were not taken from the original English, in the case that the text had been written in English, or from published English translations of texts written in another language. The titles that appear in English of publications that were originally written in another language were either already in existence or were a direct translation from a simple title. For other, more difficult titles, they either appear only in the original language or, in the case of Spanish titles, they appear in the original Spanish and my own translation. The word “liberal” to refer to a political inclination is used to mean favoring little government intervention in the economy. 2 For Beatriz Bernal, to whom this book and I owe so much 3 “We live in difficult times during which we can neither speak nor refrain from speaking without running some danger.” -- Juan Luis Vives (Letter to Erasmus, 1540) “We are all but heart and soul. Remote from us is the dangerous novelty of thinking.” -- University of Cervera (“Declaration of Support to Ferdinand VII,” Gaceta de Madrid, May 3, 1827) “We have before our eyes two great examples: the American Revolution and the French.