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Wiener Spaziergänge Mit Wagner

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Wiener Spaziergänge Mit Wagner WIENER SPAZIERGÄNGE MIT WAGNER Daniel Spitzers satirischer Blick auf Richard Wagner Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Freiburg (CH) Genehmigt von der Philosophischen Fakultät auf Antrag der Professoren H. Fricke und St. B. Würffel. Freiburg, 25. Mai 2007. Prof. J.-M. Spieser, Dekan. Nadja-Irena Orfei Starrkirch-Wil (SO) 2007 Meiner Familie und dem, der sich nicht ganz so kühn um den Posten eines Nachtwächters bewerben kann. Abb. 1. Frou-Frou-Wagner . Der Floh, 24. Juni 1877. 1 Vorwort Das Lesen dieser leicht verdaulichen Wochenplaudereien ist nämlich eine der gesündesten weiblichen Beschäftigun- gen und hat sich bisher als das einzige wirksame Verjün- gungs- und Verschönerungsmittel bewährt. Daniel Spitzer: Wiener Spaziergänge Pfui, Richi, pfui, pfui! Rudolf Johannes Merkle All jenen, welche die vorliegenden Anmerkungen zu Daniel Spitzers "Wochenplaudereien" wissenschaftlich, satirisch oder sozial unterstützt haben, sei herzlichst gedankt. Besonderer Dank gebührt: Professor Harald Fricke, der mir die Lektüre dieses Wiener Denkers erst nahegebracht hat, für seine umsichtige Betreuung, Rudolf Johannes Merkle für kreative Denkanstösse und das sorgfältige Lektorat der Arbeit, Dr. Urs Faes und Dr. Maria-Christina Boerner für literarische, humoristische und kritische Gespräche und Kommentare, dem Forschungskolloquium der Universität Fribourg für anregende Diskussionen und kon- struktive Vorschläge, dem Personal der Bibliothèque Cantonale et Universitaire Fribourg und der Wiener Stadt- und Landesbibliothek sowie Dr. Matthias Nöllke und Dr. Walter Obermaier für die stets zu- vorkommende Behandlung und Unterstützung meiner Forschungsinteressen, meiner Familie für ihr Dasein und besonders meiner Schwester für die zahlreichen Gänge an die Universitätsbibliothek Basel, Manfred Peier für zahlreiche Hilfeleistungen im EDV-Bereich sowie der Schulleitung der Kantonsschule Olten für die umfassende Unterstützung meiner Arbeit und all meinen Freundinnen und Freunden für ihr Interesse, ihre Geduld und – für ihren Humor. Übrigens sind nicht alle Menschen der humoristischen Ein- stellung fähig, es ist eine köstliche und seltene Begabung, und vielen fehlt selbst die Fähigkeit, die ihnen vermittelte humoristische Lust zu genießen. Sigmund Freud: Der Humor 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort.......................................................................................................................................2 1. Einleitung...............................................................................................................................5 1. 1 Daniel Spitzer..................................................................................................................................................5 1. 2 Wiener, Feuilletonist, Satiriker und Jude. Spitzer im Kontext ..................................................................6 1. 2. 1 Spitzer – ein Wiener (jüdischer) Feuilletonist......................................................................................7 1. 2. 2 Spitzer – ein Satiriker?.......................................................................................................................10 1. 2. 3 Woher kommt Spitzers "Bosheit"? Der Satiriker und seine Motivation............................................. 14 1. 3 "knarren, dröhnen, pfeifen und kreischen" – Spitzers Textkorpus zu Richard Wagner................................................................................................... 17 1. 4 Forschungslage und Methodisches.............................................................................................................. 20 2. Das Satirische Prinzip in Spitzers Wiener Spaziergängen.................................................23 2. 1 Die Debatte um eine Definition der Satire.................................................................................................. 23 2. 2 "... in einem großen principiellen Irrthume befangen ..." – zu Anlass und Absicht der Spitzer-Satire .................................................................................................. 26 2. 2. 1 indignatio........................................................................................................................................... 26 2. 2. 2 Blossstellen. Entlarven. Enthüllen. Und deuten................................................................................. 29 2. 3 Satirische Tendenzen und verschwiegene Normen während der „Bayreuther Schreckenszeit“ ..........34 2. 3. 1 Satirische Tendenz .............................................................................................................................34 2. 3. 2 Tendenzgefälle durch doppelte Normvorstellungen: Wagner contra Strauss, Mozart, Beethoven, Goethe und Schiller ........................................................................................................................... 45 2. 4 "... eine wirkliche Reform der Wagner'schen Opern ..." – ästhetische Sozialisierung durch literarische Verhüllung......................................................................... 48 2. 4. 1 Empirische und satirische Wirklichkeit als Elemente satirischer Verformung.................................. 51 2. 4. 2 Zum Wirklichkeitsbezug satirischer Texte.......................................................................................... 57 2. 4. 3 Spitzers Vermengung von Fiktion und Realität.................................................................................. 60 2. 4. 3. 1 Anmerkungen zu den Rezeptionsvoraussetzungen..................................................................... 66 2. 4. 3. 2 "Musikalische Gewerbefreiheit". Über das Wissen des Satirikers Spitzer ................................. 69 2. 4. 4 Textstrategien zwischen Fiktion und Realität .................................................................................... 75 2. 4. 4. 1 Der Feuilletonist als Satiriker, Plauderer und Chronist .............................................................. 75 2. 4. 4. 2 Zwischen Person und Figur: Spitzer und sein Wiener Spaziergänger ........................................ 80 2. 4. 4. 3 Zum literarischen Motiv des Spaziergangs bei Daniel Spitzer ................................................... 83 3. "Weh, wie wenig Wonne..." – zur Ästhetik der Satire.......................................................90 3. 1 Zur Poetischen Funktion der Satire............................................................................................................ 93 3. 2 "... nicht gar zu deutlich ..." – Bemerkungen zu Spitzers Sprache und Stil............................................ 96 3. 2. 1 Script-Oppositionen, bildhafte Vergleiche und 'scandalöse Stabreime'............................................. 96 3. 2. 2 "Vegetarianer" und anderes "Gezücht". Wagner-Worte in der Spitzer-Satire................................. 103 3. 2. 3 "...der Wahn ist immer derselbe..." – über Antisemitismus und Judentum in der Satire.................. 109 3. 2. 4 "Wagnernicker". Die Wagnerianer und Bayreuth ........................................................................... 115 3. 2. 5 Über die wahnsinnige "Langeweile"................................................................................................ 118 3. 2. 6 "Todernst". Was passiert, wenn das satirische Objekt tot ist........................................................... 120 3. 3 delectare et prodesse . Zur Wirkungsdisposition der Satire ..................................................................... 127 3. 4 Zur Harmlosigkeit der Satire .................................................................................................................... 129 3 4. "... aber sie wurde ihm Trost." – Was kann Satire? ........................................................131 4. 1 Zur Wahl der literarischen Form des Satirischen (satirisches Feuilleton)............................................ 136 4. 1. 1 Die Presse Wiens in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts.........................................................136 4. 1. 2 Die "geistige Prostitution" des Wiener Feuilletons ......................................................................... 140 4. 1. 2. 1 Ludwig Speidel......................................................................................................................... 144 4. 1. 2. 2 Ferdinand Kürnberger............................................................................................................... 150 4. 1. 3 Satirisches Feuilleton und Spitzers feuilletonistische Vorgänger.................................................... 152 4. 2 Ein satirischer Briefwechsel jenseits satirischer Grenzen? – Briefe Richard Wagners an eine Putzmacherin ......................................................................................... 158 5. Verliebte Wagnerianer. Eine Novelle ...............................................................................176 5. 1 Verliebte Wagnerianer – eine "Wagner-Novelle"..................................................................................... 177 5. 2 Vergleichende Bemerkungen zu Thomas Manns Tristan ........................................................................ 196 5. 3 Tristan und andere Verliebte Wagnerianer ............................................................................................... 199 5. 3. 1 Künstlertum und weitere 'Beschönigungen' ..................................................................................... 201 5. 3.
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