• Chaetognatha, commonly known as arrow worms, are a phylum of predatory marine worms that are a major component of plankton;
• Cephalochordata represented in the modern oceans by the lancelets (also known as Amphioxus);
• Cnidaria, such as jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals;
• Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles, hermit crabs, mantis shrimps, and copepods;
• Ctenophora, also known as comb jellies, the largest animals that swim by means of cilia;
• Echinodermata, including sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and sea daisies;
• Echiura, also known as spoon worms;
• Gnathostomulids, slender to thread-like worms, with a transparent body that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters;
• Gastrotricha, often called hairy backs, found mostly interstitially in between sediment particles; The 49th plate from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904, showing various sea anemones classified as Actiniae, in • Hemichordata, includes acorn worms, solitary the Cnidaria phylum worm-shaped organisms;
• Kamptozoa, goblet-shaped sessile aquatic animals, Marine invertebrates are all multicellular animals that with relatively long stalks and a “crown” of solid ten- inhabit a marine environment apart from the vertebrate tacles, also called Entoprocta; members of the chordate phylum; invertebrates, lack a vertebral column. Some have evolved a shell or a hard • Kinorhyncha, segmented, limbless animals, exoskeleton. widespread in mud or sand at all depths, also called As on land and in the air, invertebrates make up a great mud dragons; majority of all macroscopic life, as the vertebrates makes • Loricifera, very small to microscopic marine up a subphylum of one of over 30 known animal phyla, sediment-dwelling animals only discovered in 1983; making the term almost meaningless for taxonomic pur- pose. Invertebrate sea life includes the following groups, • Merostomata; also known as horseshoe crabs; some of which are phyla: • Mollusca, including shellfish, squid, octopus, whelks, Nautilus, cuttlefish, nudibranchs, • Acoela, among the most primitive bilateral animals; scallops, sea snails, Aplacophora, Caudofoveata, • Annelida,(polychaetes and sea leeches); Monoplacophora, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda; • Brachiopoda, marine animals that have hard “valves” (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces ; • Myzostomida, a taxonomic group of small marine • Bryozoa, also known as moss animals or sea mats; worms which are parasitic on crinoids or “sea lilies";
1 2 3 REFERENCES
• Sipunculida, also called peanut worms, is a group containing 144–320 species (estimates vary) of bi- laterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms; • Tunicata, also known as sea squirts or sea pork, are filter feeders attached to rocks or similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; • Some flatworms of the classes Turbellaria and Monogenea; • Xenoturbella, a genus of bilaterian animals that con- tains only two marine worm-like species; • Xiphosura, includes a large number of extinct lin- eages and only four recent species in the family Limulidae, which include the horseshoe crabs.
1 Minerals from sea water
There are a number of marine invertebrates that use minerals that are present in the sea in such minute quantities that they were undetectable until the advent of spectroscopy. Vanadium is concentrated by some tunicates for use in their blood cells to a level ten mil- lion times that of the surrounding seawater.[1] Other tuni- Ernst Haeckel’s 96th plate, showing various invertebrates classi- [1] fied as Chaetopoda in the Annelida phylum cates similarly concentrate niobium and tantalum. Lob- sters use copper in their respiratory pigment hemocyanin, despite the proportion of this metal in seawater being [2] • Nemertinea, also known as “ribbon worms” or “pro- minute. Although these elements are present in vast boscis worms"; quantities in the ocean, their extraction by man is not economic.[3] • Orthonectida, a small phylum of poorly known para- sites of marine invertebrates that are among the sim- plest of multi-cellular organisms; 2 See also
• Phoronida, a phylum of marine animals that filter- • African Invertebrates feed with a lophophore (a “crown” of tentacles), and build upright tubes of chitin to support and protect • Marine biology their soft bodies; • Marine vertebrate • Placozoa, small, flattened, multicellular animals • List of marine aquarium invertebrate species around 1 millimetre across and the simplest in struc- ture. They have no regular outline, although the lower surface is somewhat concave, and the upper 3 References surface is always flattened; [1] Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. • Porifera (sponges), multicellular organisms that (2004). Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition. Cengage Learn- have bodies full of pores and channels allowing wa- ing. p. 947. ISBN 81-315-0104-3. ter to circulate through them; [2] Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition. Cengage Learn- • Priapulida, or penis worms, are a phylum of ma- ing. p. 638. ISBN 81-315-0104-3. rine worms that live marine mud. They are named for their extensible spiny proboscis, which, in some [3] Carson, Rachel (1997). The Sea Around Us. Oxford Pa- species, may have a shape like that of a human penis; perbacks. pp. 190–191. ISBN 0195069978.
• Pycnogonida, also called sea spiders, are unrelated • List of Animal Phyla to spiders, or even to arachnids which they resemble; 3
4 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
4.1 Text
• Marine invertebrates Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_invertebrates?oldid=690967006 Contributors: Lumos3, Heegoop, Kwamikagami, Stemonitis, RichardWeiss, Epipelagic, Chris the speller, Epastore, Ryulong, JamesAM, Danger, JamesBWatson, Tgeairn, Hqb, Madhero88, Funkamatic, Flyer22 Reborn, Aruton, ClueBot, Addbot, Tryptofish, Capricorn42, Stiepan Pietrov, Recognizance, Pinethicket, Edderso, Lotje, EmausBot, Lobopodia, Look2See1, Aquarista brasileio, Allforrous, Xaviermelivir, EdoBot, Cwmhiraeth, Theopolisme, NotWith, Kavy32, Ilyanassa, ChrisGualtieri, Mogism and Anonymous: 22
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