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KAJIAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN TEPI AIR Studi Kasus

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KAJIAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN TEPI AIR Studi Kasus KAJIAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN TEPI AIR Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Kuala Silo Bestari dan Kelurahan Sejahtera Kecamatan Tanjungbalai Utara Kota Tanjungbalai (Studi Kasus : Perumahan Namo Bintang) TESIS OLEH MIRZAL 057020004/AR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2011 Universitas Sumatera Utara KAJIAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN TEPI AIR Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Kuala Silo Bestari dan Kelurahan Sejahtera Kecamatan Tanjungbalai Utara Kota Tanjungbalai (Studi Kasus : Perumahan Namo Bintang) TESIS Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Teknik dalam Program Studi Magister Teknik Arsitektur Pada Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara OLEH MIRZAL 057020004/AR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2011 Universitas Sumatera Utara Judul Tesis : KAJIAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN TEPI AIR STUDI KASUS: KELURAHAN KUALA SILO BESTARI DAN KELURAHAN SEJAHTERA KECAMATAN TANJUNGBALAI UTARA KOTA TANJUNGBALAI Nama Mahasiwa : MIRZAL Nomor Pokok : 057020004 Program Studi : TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR Bidang Kekhususan : MANAJEMEN PEMBANGUNAN KOTA Menyetujui Komisi Pembimbing (Prof. Julaihi Wahid, B.Arch, M.Arch, PhD) (Dr. Ir. Dwira Nirfalini Aulia, M.Sc) Ketua Anggota Ketua Program Studi, Dekan, (Dr. Ir. Dwira Nirfalini Aulia, M.Sc) Prof. Dr. Ir. Bustami Syam, MSME) Tanggal Lulus: 09 Juni 2011 Universitas Sumatera Utara Telah diuji Pada Tanggal: 09 Juni 2011 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Prof . Julaihi Wahid, B. Arch, M.Arch, PhD Anggota : 1. Dr. Ir. Dwira Nirfalini Aulia, M.Sc 2. Wahyuni Zahrah, ST, MS 3. Hajar Suwantoro, ST, MT 4. R. Lisa Suryani, ST, MT Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN KAJIAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN TEPI AIR Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Kuala Silo Bestari dan Kelurahan Sejahtera Kecamatan Tanjungbalai Utara Kota Tanjungbalai TESIS Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam tesis ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka. Medan, Juli 2011 Mirzal 057020004 Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Kawasan sungai umumnya sangat menarik bagi pertumbuhan perumahan, terutama perumahan nelayan, yang ingin dekat dengan mata pencaharian mereka sebagai nelayan. Kota Tanjungbalai memiliki sungai besar yaitu Sungai Asahan dan Sungai Silau, sungai ini membelah Kota Tanjungbalai. Di sepanjang pinggiran/tepi Sungai Asahan berdirilah pemukiman-pemukiman penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pemukiman tepi air, untuk mengetahui proses pertumbuhan pemukiman tepi air dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab pertumbuhan pemukiman tepi air. Kondisi pemukiman sangat memprihatinkan, dengan infrastruktur yang terbatas dan tidak memenuhi standar. Kepadatan bangunan sangat tinggi serta kualitas bangunan sangat rendah. Keberadaan bangunan yang tepat berada di tepi sungai bahkan sudah tepat diatas air. Lokasi penelitian adalah sepanjang Sungai Asahan dan Sungai Silau dengan mengelompokkan menjadi dua daerah penelitian yaitu untuk pola pemukiman linier atau grid dan pemukiman diatas air yang memiliki pola cluster dan tidak teratur dan organik. Masing-masing pola ini akan dianalisa satu dan lainnya terhadap kondisi morfologi, tipologi, kondisi/gambaran di lapangan dan kondisi prasarana di lokasi penelitian Jenis data dalam analisis ini adalah data-data primer maupun data-data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mebggunakan metode observasi, kuisioner dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa pola pemukiman meliputi: rumah panggung tunggal (diatas badan sungai), rumah tunggal (di darat), rumah bertingkat (di darat) dan rumah panggung bertingkat (diatas badan sungai maupun sebagian di darat dan diatas badan sungai). Kelurahan Kuala Silo Bestari proses pertumbuhan pemukimannya mengikuti morfologi kearah air dengan pola pemukimannya mengarah ketengah sungai berbentuk piramid. Kelurahan Sejahtera proses pertumbuh an pemukimannya mengikuti morfologi selari dimana pola pemukiman terbentuk dan berkembang melalui topografi tepian sungai. Kelurahan Kuala Silo Bestari merupakan daerah pertemuan dua sungai (Sungai Silo dan Sungai Asahan), hal ini menyebabkan badan sungai lebih luas, sehingga mengakibatkan pertumbuhan pemukiman cenderung menuju badan sungai. Faktor lain adalah adanya kemudahan kepemilikan lahan, sarana penerangan dan sarana air bersih, kekerabatan yang erat antara dalam satu kelurahan serta kedekatan dengan pekerjaan warga sebagai nelayan. Kata kunci: Morfologi, Tepi air, Tepi Sungai Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT An area which is close to the river usuakky has special atraction to housing development, especially housing for fisherman; they need to be close to the river since they live on fishing. Tanjung Balai has two big rivers – The Asahan Rivers and the Silau Rivers which split the town. There are many settlements along the River banks of the Asahan River. The aim of the reseach who the know the pattern of river bank settlements, the process of the settlement development, and the causing factors of the decelopment of the river-bank settlemnets. The conditions of the settlement is very alarming since the infrastructures are very limited and do not meet the standart. The housing density is high and the quality of the houses is bad. Some of the houses are even located on the river. The location of the research was aling the river banks of the Asahan River and the Silau River by dividing the target area into two groups: the pattern of linear or grid settlement and the cluster and irregular or organic pattern of the river settlement. Each pattern would be analyzed in its morphology, typology, condition/description of the target area, and condition of the infrastructures at the target area. The type of the data which were analyzed was the primary and secondary data. The technique of collecting the data was by using observation method, questionnaires, and interview. The result of the research showed that the pattern of the settlements comprised single houses built on stilts (on the rivers), single houses (on the land), story houses (on the land), and houses built on stilts (some part of them are on the river, and some others are on the land and on the river). In Kuala Silau Bestari village, the process of the settlement development followed the morphology toward the river with the settlement pattern toward the middle of the river in the farm of pyramid. In Sejahtera village, the process of the settlemet pattern followed the selari morphology where the settlement pattern was formed and developed through the topography og the river banks. Kuala Silo Bestari constitutes the intersection of two rivers (the Silo River and the Asahan River); this condition causes the river bed to become larger so that the settlement growth tends to be directed toward the river. Some factors which cause the people to build their houses on the river banks are as follows: the easiness to obtain land facility, light facility, piped water facility, close kinship among the people in one village, and work facility as fishermen. Keyword: Morphology, River Banks Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR ﺑﺳﻡ ﻠﻟ ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭ ﺣﻴﻢ ... Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmat dan berkat-Nya yang penulis rasakan dalam mengikuti pendidikan Program Studi Magister Teknik Arsitektur Bidang Kekhususan Manajemen Pembangunan Kota Universitas Sumatera Utara, sehingga sampai penelitaian dan penulisan tesis ini dapat di selesaikan. Penelitian ini disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan Mata Kuliah PPs – 669 Tesis pada program studi. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis ucapkan terima kasih yang tulus kepada Bapak Prof. Julaihi Wahid, Dipl. Arch., B. Arch., M. Arch., PhD, sebagai ketua komisi pembimbing dan Ibu Dr. Ir. Dwira Nirfalini Aulia M.Sc., sebagai anggota komisi pembimbing dan sebagai Ketua Program Studi Manajemen Pembangunan Kota Magister Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah meluangkan waktu dan memberikan bimbingan dan literatur serta dukungan moril yang sangat besar artinya bagi penulis dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. Tak lupa penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Prof. Dr. dr. Syahril Pasaribu, DTM & H, MSc, Sp.A (K), sebagai rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Bustami Syam, MSME, sebagai Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara dan Bapak Dr. H. Sutrisno Hadi SpOG, sebagai Walikota Tanjungbalai yang telah memberikan izin penulis untuk mengikuti pendidikan magister. Universitas Sumatera Utara Selain itu penulis juga menyampaikan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan antara lain Ibu Beny Octofryana Yousca Marpaung, ST., MT., PhD. selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Magister Teknik Arsitektur, Bapak Achmad Delianur Nasution, ST., MT., IAI selaku koordinator Manajemen Pembangunan Kota, Bapak/Ibu staf pengajar dan staf Administrasi pada Program Studi Manajemen Pembangunan Kota Magister Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Sumatera Utara. Keluarga tercinta kedua orangtua (Alm. dan Almh.), istri saya Yusnita, anak-anak saya (Rahmi Eka Yani, Muhammad Alfharisi dan Abdul Hafiz) yang tak hentinya mendoakan dan mendorong untuk penyelesaian thesis ini Rekan-rekan seperjuangan di Program Studi Teknik Arsitektur Bidang Kekhususan Manajemen Pembangunan Kota dan semua pihak yang tidak disebutkan satu persatu tetapi telah banyak memberikan bantuan dan dukungan moril kepada penulis. Semoga Allah SWT membalas semua
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