Rome Falls for Another Carthaginian Ambush
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The Crucial Development of Heavy Cavalry Under Herakleios and His Usage of Steppe Nomad Tactics Mark-Anthony Karantabias
The Crucial Development of Heavy Cavalry under Herakleios and His Usage of Steppe Nomad Tactics Mark-Anthony Karantabias The last war between the Eastern Romans and the Sassanids was likely the most important of Late Antiquity, exhausting both sides economically and militarily, decimating the population, and lay- ing waste the land. In Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium, Walter Kaegi, concludes that the Romaioi1 under Herakleios (575-641) defeated the Sassanian forces with techniques from the section “Dealing with the Persians”2 in the Strategikon, a hand book for field commanders authored by the emperor Maurice (reigned 582-602). Although no direct challenge has been made to this claim, Trombley and Greatrex,3 while inclided to agree with Kaegi’s main thesis, find fault in Kaegi’s interpretation of the source material. The development of the katafraktos stands out as a determining factor in the course of the battles during Herakleios’ colossal counter-attack. Its reforms led to its superiority over its Persian counterpart, the clibonarios. Adoptions of steppe nomad equipment crystallized the Romaioi unit. Stratos4 and Bivar5 make this point, but do not expand their argument in order to explain the victory of the emperor over the Sassanian Empire. The turning point in its improvement seems to have taken 1 The Eastern Romans called themselves by this name. It is the Hellenized version of Romans, the Byzantine label attributed to the surviving East Roman Empire is artificial and is a creation of modern historians. Thus, it is more appropriate to label them by the original version or the Anglicized version of it. -
Cagatay Askit Doktora Tez.Pdf
T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ESKİÇAĞ DİLLERİ VE KÜLTÜRLERİ (LATİN DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI) ANABİLİM DALI AUSPICIUM ET IMPERIUM: ROMA CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE İÇ SİYASET VE KEHANET Doktora Tezi Çağatay Aşkit Ankara-2011 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ESKİÇAĞ DİLLERİ VE KÜLTÜLERİ (LATİN DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI) ANABİLİM DALI AUSPICIUM ET IMPERIUM: ROMA CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE İÇ SİYASET VE KEHANET Doktora Tezi Çağatay Aşkit Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özaktürk Ankara-2011 ÖNSÖZ Yüklek lisans tezimi Cicero’nun yargısal söylevlerinde kullandığı retorik yöntemler alanında yaptıktan sonra, Latin edebiyatının değişik alanlarında da uzmanlaşmam gerektiğini söyleyen danışmanım ve değerli hocam Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZAKTÜRK’ün önerisi ve desteğiyle Roma’da din-siyaset olgusu üzerine çalışmaya karar verdim. Doktora ders aşamasındaki okumalarım sırasında Roma’nın her döneminde din ve siyasetin birbirini ne denli büyük oranda etkilediğini fark ettim. Doktora çalışmasında ortaya koyulması beklenen derinliği göz önüne aldığımda, tezimi iç siyasi çekişmelerin yoğun olduğu ve din olgusunun bu çekişmelerde önemli bir rol oynadığını fark ettiğim Cumhuriyet Dönemi ile sınırlandırmayı tercih ettim. Çalışmalarım sırasında kaynaklara ulaşma konusunda zaman zaman zorluklar yaşadım. Ancak, Üniversitemizin sağladığı elektronik kaynaklara eklenen veri tabanları, en azından konumla ilgili yazılmış olan makalelere ulaşma konusunda bana büyük kolaylık sağladı. Çalışmalarım sırasında çok sayıda kişinin yardımını gördüm. Yüksek lisans aşamasından itibaren danışmanlığımı yapan, bu çalışmanın üstesinden hakkıyla geleceğim konusunda bana güvenen ve desteğini benden esirgemeyen, titizlikle yaptığı düzeltmeleri ve bilimsel önerileriyle farklı bakış açıları geliştirmemde ve bu çalışmanın oluşmasında büyük emeği olan Sayın Hocam Prof.Dr. Mehmet ÖZAKTÜRK’e, eğitim hayatımda büyük emeği olan ve İtalyanca metinleri okuyup anlamamda benden yardımlarını esirgemeyen Sayın Hocam Prof. -
M. Tulli Ciceronis Cato Maior De Senectute, A
NUNC COCNOSCO EX PARTE TRENT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PRESENTED BY THE PEMBERTON FAMILY in memory of Prof.R.E.K.Pemberton;M.A.(OXON) of the University of Western Ontario M. TULLI CICERONIS CATO MAIOR DE SENECTUTE A DIALOGUE ON OLD AGE EDITED BY J. H. ALLEN, W. F. ALLEN, and J. B. GREENOUGH REEDITED BY KATHARINE ALLEN Instructor in Latin in the University of Wisconsin GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON • NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS • SAN FRANCISCO 7 Cr~) o-*? 7 c ,>2 //O Y COPYRIGHT, 1908, BY KATHARINE ALLEN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 728.2 t Stftenceum igress GINN AND COMPANY • PRO¬ PRIETORS BOSTON U.S.A. PREFACE It has been the aim of this revision to preserve the general characteristics of the old edition while making such changes as newly accessible material and new methods of instruction have made desirable, — such changes as the original editors would have been likely to make if they had lived to carry through the work of revision. In the introduction a few new paragraphs have been incor¬ porated, and some alterations made in the old text. In the notes some simple grammatical explanations and refer¬ ences, and some translations of easy words and phrases, have been omitted, a few notes have been altered or expanded, and a considerable number of new notes added, though it has been the aim not to mar the simplicity characteristic of the old edi¬ tion by elaborate annotation. The notes on persons, except such parts of them as seemed necessary for the understanding of the text to which they apply, have been taken out of the main body of the notes and put together in an alphabetical index at the end of the book. -
Guerrilla Warfare Tactics in Urban Environments
GUERRILLA WARFARE TACTICS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS A thesis presented to the Faculty of the US Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE General Studies by PATRICK D. MARQUES, MAJ, USA B.A., Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 1990 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2003 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burder for this collection of information is estibated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burder to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (FROM - TO) 06-06-2003 thesis 05-08-2002 to 06-06-2003 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER GUERRILLA WARFARE TACTICS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS 5b. GRANT NUMBER Unclassified 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Marques, Patrick, D 5e. -
Forests and Warfare in World History JR Mcneill Georgetown University
1 Forests and Warfare in World History J.R. McNeill Georgetown University For better and for worse, both woods and warfare are fundamental factors in human life, and have been for a very long time. Humankind evolved in park like savannas of East Africa, from hominid ancestors who had lived in forests. We, and they, have used woodlands, and to some extent have been shaped by woodland environments, for millions of years. Warfare, at least on small scales, also extends very far into the human past, and, to judge by the behavior of modern chimpanzees, probably occupied the energies and shortened the lives of our hominid ancestors too. So, in all likelihood, we and our forebears have been making war amid woodlands for at least a million years.1 War and warfare is one of the favorite historical topics and has attracted some of the best historians, from Thucydides onward. Forests, forestry, and deforestation also have a distinguished historiography, if rather smaller. Here I propose to explore some of the links and intersections between these two historical subjects. Before I proceed, it may be helpful to explain some of the things that I am not trying to do. I will not argue that warfare has been of crucial importance in the history of forests generally, nor will I contend that forests have been a major influence upon military history generally. My goal is more modest: I will try to show that at certain 1 For chimpanzee and hominid organized violence, see Franz De Waal, Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among Apes (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998); for prehistoric warfare, Lawrence H. -
Utmun 2016 Country Matrix
UTMUN 2016 COUNTRY MATRIX 1 UTMUN 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS General Information………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………..2 Country Matrix………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 Generalized Committees Country/Character List…………………………………………………………………………….5 Specialized Committees Country/Character List…………………………………………………………………………….10 Crisis Committees Country/Character List……………………………………………………………………………………….14 ABBREVIATION KEY GENERAL SPECIALIZED DISEC DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY USC UN SECURITY COUNCIL: TERRORISM COMMITTEE WTO WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION EU REGIONAL BODY: EUROPEAN UNION (TOPICS TBA) SOCHUM SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND HUMANITARIAN COMMITTEE WHA THE TWELFTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY: 1959 UNHRC UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL NOTE As thE Crisis Committees and thE following Specialized Committees of The Magna Carta, The Manhattan Project, Geneva Conference and Accords of 1954, and International Press Corps involvE sPEcific individuals rathEr than countriEs, thEy havE bEEn omitted from thE matrix, and havE bEEn PlacEd at thE End of this PackagE. 2 UTMUN 2016 GENERAL SPECIALIZED TOTAL DISEC WTO SOCHUM WHA UNHRC USC EU Afghanistan 1 1 2 Albania 1 1 1 3 AlgEria 1 1 Angola 1 1 ArgEntina 1 1 1 1 1 5 Australia 1 1 1 3 Austria 1 1 1 1 4 Bahrain 1 1 2 Bangladesh 1 1 1 3 Belarus 1 1 Belgium 1 1 1 1 4 Bolivia 1 1 Botswana 1 1 Brazil 1 1 1 1 1 5 Bulgaria 1 1 1 1 4 Burma 1 1 Cambodia 1 1 2 Canada 1 1 1 3 Ceylon 1 1 Chad 1 1 2 ChilE 1 1 1 1 1 5 China 1 1 1 1 1 5 Columbia 1 1 1 1 4 Congo 1 1 CôtE d’IvoirE 1 1 Croatia 1 1 2 Cuba 1 1 2 Cyprus 1 2 CzEch Republic 1 1 1 3 D.R. -
Heraclius and the Evolution of Byzantine Strategy Bob Ekkebus Illinois Wesleyan University
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital Commons @ Illinois Wesleyan University Constructing the Past Volume 10 | Issue 1 Article 11 2009 Heraclius and the Evolution of Byzantine Strategy Bob Ekkebus Illinois Wesleyan University Recommended Citation Ekkebus, Bob (2009) "Heraclius and the Evolution of Byzantine Strategy," Constructing the Past: Vol. 10: Iss. 1, Article 11. Available at: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol10/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History Department at Digital Commons @ IWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Constructing the Past by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ IWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Heraclius and the Evolution of Byzantine Strategy Abstract The yB zantine military strategy expressed in the 10th century treatise On Skirmishing marked a decisive shift in Byzantine strategy and an entirely new mindset in approaching war. What is unique about this strategy is that it was not created during a war against the Arabs, but before they existed as a military power. The foundation was laid during the Emperor Heraclius's Persian campaigns of 622-628. To demonstrate the key contributions of Heraclius, these Persian campaigns shall be analyzed and compared with the advice prescribed in On Skirmishing. Also, the military events recorded by Theophanes of the 7th and 8th centuries will be compared with Heraclius and On Skirmishing to show the development of the strategy after Heraclius and how it measured up to the final form in On Skirmishing. -
Afghan Insurgent Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures Field Guide
AFGHAN INSURGENT TaCTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FiELD GUIDE Based on “The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War” by Ali Ahmad Jalali and Lester W. Grau With several new MCIA-developed vignettes from recent U.S. operations in Afghanistan Foreword by Lester W. Grau January 2009 Marine Corps Intelligence Activity 2033 Barnett Avenue Quantico, VA 22134-5103 [email protected] (703) 784-6167, DSN: 278-6167 DOD-1584-AFG-007-09 CONTENTS Foreword .............................................................................. vii How To Use This Guide ....................................................... ix Vignette Location Guide ...................................................... xi Vignettes from the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan ............. 1 Vignette 1: Ambush ..................................................... 1 Ambush Near Abdullah-e Burj ........................... 1 Learning Points .......................................... 3 Local Knowledge ....................................... 4 Vignette 2: Raid .......................................................... 5 Raid on Pul-e Charkhi Radio Transmitter Station .................................................................. 5 Learning Points .......................................... 7 Local Knowledge ....................................... 7 Vignette 3: Shelling Attack ......................................... 9 Mortar Attack on Brigade Garrison .................... 9 Learning Points .......................................... 11 Local -
Field Manual (FM) 3-24/ Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 3-33.5 Provides Doctrine for Army and Marine Units That Are Countering an Insurgency
FM 3-24 MCWP 3-33.5 INSURGENCIES AND COUNTERING INSURGENCIES MAY 2014 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FM 3-24/MCWP 3-33.5, C1 Change No. 1 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 2 June 2014 Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies 1. Change 1 to FM 3-24/MCWP 3-33.5, 13 May 2014, amends text as necessary. 2. A plus sign (+) marks new material. 3. FM 3-24/MCWP 3-33.5, 13 May 2014, is changed as follows: Remove Old Pages Insert New Pages pages 1-13 through 1-14 pages 1-13 through 1-14 pages 2-3 through 2-4 pages 2-3 through 2-4 pages 4-1 through 4-2 pages 4-1 through 4-2 pages 4-5 through 4-6 pages 4-5 through 4-6 pages 4-11 through 4-12 pages 4-11 through 4-12 pages 7-5 through 7-10 pages 7-5 through 7-10 4. File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes. DISTRUBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. FM 3-24/MCWP 3-33.5, C1 2 June 2014 By Order of the Secretary of the Army: RAYMOND T. ODIERNO General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official: GERALD B. O’KEEFE Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army 1414902 BY DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS: DISTRIBUTION: Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number 121724, requirements for FM 3-24. -
The Italians in the Second Punic War: Local Conditions and the Failure of the Hannibalic Strategy in Italy
THE ITALIANS IN THE SECOND PUNIC WAR: LOCAL CONDITIONS AND THE FAILURE OF THE HANNIBALIC STRATEGY IN ITALY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael P. Fronda, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved By Dr. Nathan Rosenstein, Adviser Dr. Timothy Gregory ____________________________ Adviser Dr. Barry Strauss Department of History ABSTRACT Rome’s victory in the Second Punic War paved the way for its conquest of the Mediterranean. Yet that victory is bound up with Hannibal's failure in Italy, even though he brought Rome to its knees in the early stages of the war. Previous explanations for the failure of Hannibal's strategy have tended to stress either the hopelessness of this strategy, because of the loyalty of Rome's Italian allies and their willingness to be integrated into the Roman system, or the success of Rome's counter-strategy of attrition, aimed at limiting allied revolts while wearing down Hannibal's forces. Previous scholarship, however, neglects an important dimension of the question of the failure of Hannibal’s strategy; that is, Hannibal’s failure as a diplomat to win over large numbers of Rome’s Italian allies and thus overcome Rome’s long-term strategic advantages. This dissertation looks at the Second Punic War from the perspective of the Italian states in order to explain why Hannibal did not gain more Italian allies. The dissertation is divided into four regional case studies and brings to bear literary, archaeological, numismatic, epigraphic, and topographic evidence. -
DEPARTMENT of INFORMATICS a Serious Game About the Battles Of
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Bachelor’s Thesis in Informatics: Games Engineering A Serious Game about the Battles of the Second Punic War in VR Moritz Rocksien DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Bachelor’s Thesis in Informatics: Games Engineering A Serious Game about the Battles of the Second Punic War in VR Ein Serious Game über die Schlachten des Zweiten Punischen Krieges in VR Author: Moritz Rocksien Supervisor: Prof. Gudrun Klinker, Ph. D. Advisor: Dipl.-Inf. Univ. David A. Plecher, M.A. Submission Date: 15.02.2019 I confirm that this bachelor’s thesis in informatics: games engineering is my own work and I have documented all sources and material used. Munich, 15.02.2019 Moritz Rocksien Abstract With more and more consumer grade virtual reality systems reaching maturity and becoming affordable, new opportunities in teaching and education emerge. This thesis will discuss the possibility of teaching players about the historic battles of the Second Punic War with a serious game in virtual reality. Important terms and concepts are briefly defined and existing related work analyzed. The requirements as well as the possibilities for such a serious game will be discussed and the approach and decisions for the subsequent implementation that was done for this thesis will be explained. The final game is evaluated in terms of performance as well as with regards to reaching its goals of teaching players about the actual history. For this, a user study was conducted and assessed. iii Kurzfassung In den letzten Jahren entstehen immer mehr technisch ausgereifte Virtual Reality-Systeme für den Heimgebrauch, welche völlig neue Möglichkeiten in Lehre und Bildung eröffnen. -
Revision and Reconstruction of the Battles of Cannae (216 Bce) and Zama (202 Bce)
1 REVISION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BATTLES OF CANNAE (216 BCE) AND ZAMA (202 BCE) Yozan D. Mosig and Imene Belhassen University of Nebraska at Kearney 2 Revision and Reconstruction in the Punic Wars: Cannae Revisited. Yozan D. Mosig and Imene Belhassen University of Nebraska-Kearney 2006 [Publication data: Mosig, Y., & Belhassen, I. (2006). Revision and reconstruction in the Punic Wars: Cannae revisited. The International Journal of the Humanities, 4(2), 103-110.] 3 Abstract The history of the wars between Carthage and Rome was rewritten by two pro-Roman historians, Polybius and Titus Livius. The former, while usually more reliable, revised facts that would have shown his employers, the Scipionic/Aemilian family, in an unfavorable light, while the latter, a clear Roman patriotic propagandist, embellished history to suit his purposes. Accounts of the wars by Carthaginian historians seem to have been lost or been conveniently destroyed. Nevertheless, gaps and contradictions in the Roman accounts, together with a modern understanding of human motivation and environmental circumstances, allow for the reconstruction of the original events. A case in point is the battle of Cannae, in 216 BCE, where a modern analysis reveals the real reasons for Hannibal’s victory, the true strengths of the armies of Romans and Carthaginians, the identity of the actual commander of the Roman forces, the correct casualty figures, and the likely reasons for Hannibal’s refusal to march on Rome following his great victory. 4 The battle of Cannae, between the multi-ethnic forces of the Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca and the much larger Roman army under the command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro, in 216 BCE, was without a doubt one of the most significant battles in history.