Dawson Williams, M.D
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Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany*
Gesnerus 68/1 (2011) 61–79 Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany* Andreas-Holger Maehle Summary Comparing two public medical affairs which involved disciplinary proceed- ings and libel actions, one from Bavaria and one from Prussia, this article analyzes the dynamics behind legal conflicts over doctors’ professional ethics in Imperial Germany. In both the case of Dr Maurice Hutzler, who com mitted suicide after conflicts with senior colleagues at the Gisela Children’s Hospi- tal and a sentence of the court of honour of the Munich Medical District Society, and the Berlin “patient trade” affair, in which the medical professors Ernst von Leyden, Hermann Senator, Karl Anton Ewald and Carl Posner were accused of having made payments to middlemen for bringing them lucrative private patients, notions of personal and professional honour played a central role. The Munich case highlighted shortcomings of the Bavarian medical court of honour system, which was less developed than its Prussian counterpart. The analysis of the two cases suggests that the ethics of medical practice in early twentieth-century Germany should be viewed as part of a culture of honour. Keywords: medical courts of honour; professional ethics; disciplinary pro- ceedings; libel trials; Imperial Germany *I gratefully acknowledge the support of my research by the Wellcome Trust as part of a Strate- gic Award on the theme “Knowledge, Ethics and Representation of Medicine and Health: Historical Perspectives”. I would further like to thank Sebastian Pranghofer for his efficient research assistance and the audiences of the workshop “Legal Medicine and Expertise in History” (4 December 2009) at Oxford Brookes University and the Philosophy Department’s “Research Away Day” (21 June 2010) at Durham University as well as the anonymous referees for Gesnerus for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. -
3Jrktish Tdtmw4 ,#Ttuttml the JOURNAL of the BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
[ TinE BRITI8e DEC. 2?, 1907.] [MEDICAL JOURNAL THE 3jrktish tdtMw4 ,#ttuttmL THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. EDITED BY DAWSON WILLIAMS, M.D. ASSISTED BY CHARLES LOUIS TAYLOR. VOLUME II 1907. JUJLY TO 3DECE:MBEI. Jtntiaun: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 6, CATHERINE STREET, STRAND, W.C. r Tu Dam= DEC. 28; 1q07.] [MUDICAL Jo-RXAs 3 INDEX TO VOLUME II FOR 1907. A. on, 40* definition of " workman," 61 ; indus- Alopecia areata, removed from list of trial diseases, 121; duties of medical men diseases which came under law relating to Abdominal aorta, case of aneurysm of (T. under the Act,121; epileptics and, 167; Home epidemics in the schools of Paris, 141; Garnet S. Leary, with note on patholog cal Becretary cancels all existing appoint- treatment of, 491 appearance by Constance Ellis), 714 ments as medical referee, 220; medical Alsace-Lorraine, small-pox in, 771 Abdominal cavity, gauze five months in, 44 referees under; 237, 1022; note on, 766; AlvareD9a Prize awarded to W. Lewis Chap- Abdominal hysterectomy. See Hysterectomy domestic servants and, 942,1022; hospital man, 1265 Abdominal ineisions, direction of (L. Ernest nurses, 1109; district medical officers, 110J; Amateur in drugs. See Drugs Maylard), 895; correspondence on, 1105, county court case, 1469; cases, 1626, 1751; Ambiguous reactions in sugar testing 1280, 1466 medical fees in, 1i34 (Stephen G. Longworth), 19 Abdominal operations. care of the patient Acts, Inebriates, report of inspector under, Ambulance, metropolitan street, 854,1607,1841; during serious (H. Bellamy Gardner), 14 1083 leading article on, 1607; city of London Abdominal operations, success in (J. -
The Canterbury Association
The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members’ Connections By the Reverend Michael Blain Note: This is a revised edition prepared during 2019, of material included in the book published in 2000 by the archives committee of the Anglican diocese of Christchurch to mark the 150th anniversary of the Canterbury settlement. In 1850 the first Canterbury Association ships sailed into the new settlement of Lyttelton, New Zealand. From that fulcrum year I have examined the lives of the eighty-four members of the Canterbury Association. Backwards into their origins, and forwards in their subsequent careers. I looked for connections. The story of the Association’s plans and the settlement of colonial Canterbury has been told often enough. (For instance, see A History of Canterbury volume 1, pp135-233, edited James Hight and CR Straubel.) Names and titles of many of these men still feature in the Canterbury landscape as mountains, lakes, and rivers. But who were the people? What brought these eighty-four together between the initial meeting on 27 March 1848 and the close of their operations in September 1852? What were the connections between them? In November 1847 Edward Gibbon Wakefield had convinced an idealistic young Irishman John Robert Godley that in partnership they could put together the best of all emigration plans. Wakefield’s experience, and Godley’s contacts brought together an association to promote a special colony in New Zealand, an English society free of industrial slums and revolutionary spirit, an ideal English society sustained by an ideal church of England. Each member of these eighty-four members has his biographical entry. -
'God's Ethicist': Albert Moll and His Medical Ethics in Theory and Practice
Med. Hist. (2012), vol. 56(2), pp. 217–236. c The Author 2012. Published by Cambridge University Press 2012 doi:10.1017/mdh.2011.34 ‘God’s Ethicist’: Albert Moll and His Medical Ethics in Theory and Practice ANDREAS-HOLGER MAEHLE∗ Centre for the History of Medicine and Disease, Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University, Queen’s Campus, Stockton TS17 6BH, UK Abstract: In 1902, Albert Moll, who at that time ran a private practice for nervous diseases in Berlin, published his comprehensive book on medical ethics, Arztliche¨ Ethik. Based on the concept of a contractual relationship between doctor and client, it gave more room to the self-determination of patients than the contemporary, usually rather paternalistic, works of this genre. In the first part of the present paper this is illustrated by examining Moll’s views and advice on matters such as truthfulness towards patients, euthanasia, and abortion. The second part of this article discusses how Moll engaged with the then publicly debated issues of experimentation on hospital patients and the ‘trade’ of foreign private patients between agents and medical consultants. In both matters Moll collected evidence of unethical practices and tried to use it to bring about change without damaging his or the profession’s reputation. However, with his tactical manoeuvres, Moll made no friends for himself among his colleagues or the authorities; his book on ethics also met with a generally cool response from the medical profession and seems to have been more appreciated by lawyers than by other -
Sudan Studies Was Originally Distributed in Hard Copy to Members of the Sudan Studies Society of the United Kingdom
This edition of Sudan Studies was originally distributed in hard copy to members of the Sudan Studies Society of the United Kingdom. SSSUK now makes it freely available subject to licence and cordially invites readers to join the Society (see www.sssuk.org). SUDAN STUDIES: Number 29 (June 2002) Sudan Studies content by Sudan Studies editors and writers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported Licence. SUDAN STUDIES Number 29 June 2002 ISSN – [0952-049X] CONTENTS Editorial 1 Conference Announcement 2 Water Resources under Pressure in Urban Sudan with particular reference to Khartoum North - Samir M.A. Alredaisy and H.R. Jack Davies 3 History of Somali Communities since the First World War -Mahasin el-Safi 19 Recruitment to the Sudan Medical Service, 1899-1938: Some Speculations based on the Use of Social Network Analysis - Simon Mollan 35 Notes and news 55 Review - M.W. Daly 62 Registered Charity No. 328272 1 This edition of Sudan Studies was originally distributed in hard copy to members of the Sudan Studies Society of the United Kingdom. SSSUK now makes it freely available subject to licence and cordially invites readers to join the Society (see www.sssuk.org). SUDAN STUDIES: Number 29 (June 2002) Sudan Studies content by Sudan Studies editors and writers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported Licence. SUDAN STUDIES SOCIETY - UK The Sudan Studies Society - UK was founded in 1987 to encourage and promote Sudanese studies in the United Kingdom and abroad, at all levels and in all disciplines. -
Ancestor§ Arm§
A BOOK OF ANCESTOR§ AND ARM§ by MARY EMILY LACY ''Laudemus viros gloriosus, et parentes nostros in generatione sua." ,,.,,.,.,,,.,.,,rv.~~~~~ PRIVATELY PRINTED DECEMBER 1936 Printed in England at The Kynoch Press Birmingham PREFACE THE ORIGIN of this little Memoir is as follows: For several years I had taken a lively interest in the history of the families from whom I claimed descent, and had gradually accumulated a large number of notes on subjects relating to them, with_ a vague idea of turning these notes to account at some future period. Time and opportunity were, however, lacking, and it was not until the autumn of 1932 that this book was at length begun. At the outset it became evident that the notes already collected were of too fragmentary a character to be satisfactorily woven into a consecutive narrative, even when combined with matter drawn from documents in the possession of the writer, and from a Book of Events kept by her for over half a century. A large amount of additional information was needed, and this information was to a great extent acquired through diligent research in the Reading Room of the British Museum, and in the Public Libraries of London. Even so a considerable number of blanks remained, only possible to be filled in by help from without, and this help was most willingly rendered in nearly every instance-when sought-not only by kinsfolk and friends but also by those personally unknown to me. My grateful thanks are due to my cousins, Mrs. Dacre Lacy and Miss Gertrude Lacy, for the loan of books and papers throwing light on the association of the Lacys of Great Y ar mouth with the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, and, later on, with the Island of Guernsey, and to Mrs. -
Berliner Militärärzte Im Labor Von 1870-1895
Aus dem Institut für Geschichte der Medizin Zentrum für Human- und Gesundheitswissenschaften der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin DISSERTATION Berliner Militärärzte im Labor von 1870-1895 zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum medicarum (Dr. rer. medic.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin von Frank-Peter Kirsch aus Gotha Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Volker Hess 2. Prof. Dr. Thomas Schnalke 3. Prof. Dr. Heinz Schott Datum der Promotion: 22. Juni 2009 Operativer Eingriff um 1900 Fotoarchiv St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus „Yesterday is history – Tomorrow is a mystery – Today is a gift” (Anna Eleanor Roosevelt) Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung.................................................................................................................. 7 1.1. Stand der Forschung und Materialien...................................................................... 10 1.2. Gang der Darstellung............................................................................................... 14 2. Militärmedizinische Ausbildung und Labor……………………………………16 2.1. Institutionen und Einrichtungen in Berlin............................................................... 16 2.2. Das Militärsanitätswesen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts..................... 28 2.3. Klinischer Unterricht an der Charité........................................................................ 30 2.4. Soziale Herkunft der Militär- und Zivilärzte, Aufnahmebestimmungen........................................................................................ -
Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany*
Gesnerus 68/1 (2011) 61–79 Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany* Andreas-Holger Maehle Summary Comparing two public medical affairs which involved disciplinary proceed- ings and libel actions, one from Bavaria and one from Prussia, this article a nalyzes the dynamics behind legal conflicts over doctors’ professional ethics in Imperial Germany. In both the case of Dr Maurice Hutzler, who com mitted suicide after conflicts with senior colleagues at the Gisela Children’s Hospi- tal and a sentence of the court of honour of the Munich Medical District S ociety, and the Berlin “patient trade” affair, in which the medical professors Ernst von Leyden, Hermann Senator, Karl Anton Ewald and Carl Posner were accused of having made payments to middlemen for bringing them l ucrative private patients, notions of personal and professional honour played a central role. The Munich case highlighted shortcomings of the Bavarian medical court of honour system, which was less developed than its Prussian counterpart. The analysis of the two cases suggests that the ethics of medical practice in early twentieth-century Germany should be viewed as part of a culture of honour. Keywords: medical courts of honour; professional ethics; disciplinary pro- ceedings; libel trials; Imperial Germany *I gratefully acknowledge the support of my research by the Wellcome Trust as part of a Strate- gic Award on the theme “Knowledge, Ethics and Representation of Medicine and Health: Historical Perspectives”. I would further like to thank Sebastian Pranghofer for his efficient research assistance and the audiences of the workshop “Legal Medicine and Expertise in History” (4 December 2009) at Oxford Brookes University and the Philosophy Department’s “Research Away Day” (21 June 2010) at Durham University as well as the anonymous r eferees for Gesnerus for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. -
Die Vierte Dimension Wissensdiskurse Und Imagination in Alan Moores Und Eddie Campbells »From Hell«
Die vierte Dimension Wissensdiskurse und Imagination in Alan Moores und Eddie Campbells »From Hell« Joachim Trinkwitz Der umfangreiche Comic From Hell der Briten Alan Moore und Eddie Campbell, in unter- schiedlicher Form seriell erschienen in den Jahren 1989 bis 1998 und in Buchform gesam- melt erstmals 1999,1 spielt hauptsächlich im Herbst des Jahres 1888, als der unter dem Namen »Jack the Ripper« bekannt gewordene Serienmörder im Londoner Stadtteil White- chapel wahrscheinlich fünf Frauen auf bestialische Weise ums Leben brachte – die Identität des Täters ist bis heute nicht geklärt, nicht einmal die genaue Zahl seiner Opfer ist sichergestellt.2 Der für Idee und Text stehende Moore schließt sich einer historisch schnell widerlegten These an, die den Täter als William Gull, Leibarzt Königin Victorias, identifiziert und das Königshaus selbst als Auftraggeber mit in die Morde involviert sieht3. Dabei ist sich Moore, wie ein extensiver Anmerkungsapparat zum Comic (Appendix I) klarmacht, über die töner- nen Füße seiner Quelle durchaus im Klaren; sie erlaubt ihm hingegen, anhand der Figur eines Wissenschaftlers und der Gegenüberstellung unterschiedlicher Wissensdiskurse den Gegensatz von Fakten und Fiktion zu thematisieren. Das Werden eines Wissenschaftlergeistes Sir William Withey Gull (1816–1890), die historische Persönlichkeit, auf welcher der Pro- tagonist von From Hell basiert, war eine bedeutende Figur der englischen Medi- zingeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Nach dem Studium der Physiologie, vergleichenden Anatomie, Medizin und Chirurgie an der University of London nahm Gulls akademische Karriere einen steilen Verlauf. Schon vor seiner mit der Goldmedaille ausgezeichneten Dis- sertation führte sie ihn über die Stationen eines Dozenten für Naturphilosophie, Physiolo- gie und Anatomie sowie eines »Medical Superintendent of the wards for lunatics«, danach zur Professur für Physiologie, Mitglied der Royal Society und diversen Ämtern als prakti- scher Mediziner bis hin zum Leiter des zentralen Londoner Krankenhauses Guy’s Hospital; 1 Alan Moore u. -
Die Kunst Des Hungerns Anorexie in Literarischen Und Medizinischen Texten Um 1900
Die Kunst des Hungerns Anorexie in literarischen und medizinischen Texten um 1900 Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Philosophie beim Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaften der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Nina Diezemann aus Gießen Hamburg, 2005 Als Dissertation angenommen vom Fachbereich Sprach-, Literatur- und Medienwissenschaft der Universität Hamburg aufgrund der Gutachten von Prof. Dr. Jörg Schönert und Prof. Dr. Ortrud Gutjahr Hamburg, den 13.10.2004 Eine überarbeitete Version dieser Arbeit erscheint im Herbst 2005 unter dem Titel Die Kunst des Hungerns. Essstörungen in Literatur und Medizin um 1900 im Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin. Der Hunger wird geradezu populär. Die Wissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit ihm. […] Die Kunst geht nach ihm aus. Marie Herzfeld: Knut Hamsun (1890) Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Einleitung und Methodik............................................................................... Seite 6 1. Einführung: Schriftstellerkost und leicht verdauliche Lektüren........................6 2. Forschungsüberblick .......................................................................................8 3. Text und Kontext in einer kulturgeschichtlich orientierten Literaturwissenschaft ....................................................................................15 4. Die Literarizität medizinischer Fallgeschichten .............................................16 5. Literaturbegriff in dieser Arbeit.....................................................................19 6. Textualität von Geschichte/Geschichtlichkeit -
Medico-Chiruirgical Transactions
MEDICO-CHIRUIRGICAL TRANSACTIONS PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON VOLUME THE EIGHTY-NINTH (SECOND SERIES, VOLUME THE SEVENTY-FIRST) LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO. (FOR THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCiETY OF LONDON) PATERNOSTER ROW 1906 Issued from the Society's House ait 20, Hanover Square, W. September, 1906. PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C. ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON PATRON THE KING OFFICERS AND COUNCIL ELECTED MARCH 1, 1906 rtsih lx J. WARRINGTON HAWARD. THOMAS BUZZARD, M.D. VICE-PRESIDENTS JOSEPHHERBERTFRANKWILLIAMPAYNE,PAGE,M.D.M.C. W. HARRISON CRIPPS SIR WILLIAM SELBY CHURCH, BART., K.C.B., M.D. HO.TREASURERSfHALFRED PEARCE GOULD, M.S. C.M.G., M.D. HON.SECRETARIIE8S(HOWARDHONSCREARESSTEPHEN HENRYPAGET TOOTH, MooRE, M.D. HONLBRAIARfNoRtMANHRICKMAN JOHN GODLEE, M.S. (THEODORE DYKE ACLAND, M.D). EDWIN CLIFFORD BEALE, M.B. SIDNEY H. C. MARTIN, M.D., F.R.S. OTHER | GEORGE OGILVIE, M.B.M.D. MEMBERS O WILLIAM1 PASTEUR, O JOHN BLAND-SUTTON COUNCIMBCOUNIL IANDREW CLARK CLINTON THOMAs DENT WALTER H. H. JESSOP HENRY ROXBURGH FULLER, M.D. THE ABOVE FORM THE COUNCIL SECRETARY AND CONSULTING LIBRARIAN J. Y. W. MAC ALISTER, F.S.A. FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL AS REFEREES OF PAPERS FOR THE SESSION OF 1906-7 C. A. BALLANCE, M.S. G. H. MAKINS, C.B. C. E. BEEVOR, M.D. SIR PATRICK MANSON, K.C.M.G., ARTHUR E. J. BARKER M.D., F.R.S. SIR WILLIAMi H. BENNETT,K.C.V.O. JOHN HAMMOND MORGAN, C.V.O. -
Editorial Commentary
Editorial Commentary I. Lecture-by-Lecture Synopses end of the lecture, he provides his classifi cation of symptoms in a three-by-three table: The columns Synopsis of L1: This, the very fi rst lecture, is one are: ‘Psychosensory’, ‘Psychomotor’, and of eight comprising the fi rst main section of ‘Intrapsychic’; the rows are: ‘loss of’, ‘excessive’, Grundriss , outlining Wernicke’s overall under- or ‘aberrant’ excitability (e.g. ‘anaesthesia’, standing of normal human brain processes in rela- ‘hyperaesthesia’, and ‘paraesthesia’ in the tion to subjective awareness. However, he starts Psychosensory column). This classifi cation gains with his basic credo, that mental illnesses are brain prominence in the clinical lectures. diseases. He expresses the view that psychiatry, compared to other specialties, is backward in its Synopsis of L3: The main topic of this lecture is development (although he suggests later that he Memory Images (Erinnerungsbilder ) sometimes has something better to offer). The rest ‘sets the rendered here as ‘remembered images’. Much of scene’ in relation to clinical concepts, clinical the lecture is devoted to separating perceptual/ practice, and neuroscience of the day. sensory images from ‘memory images’. In mod- ern terms this is the distinction between sensation Synopsis of L2: In this lecture, the point of depar- and perception. The former implies ‘awareness’ ture and the topic he understood best is the cere- arising directly from sensory input, the latter has bral representation of language—but this is added implications of a degree of interpretation merely a device to move into other territory. He or analysis of that input, to be given lasting repre- moves quickly at the start of the lecture to clarify sentation in memory.