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The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Erika Weinzierl Emeritus Professor of History University of Vienna Working Paper 01-1 October 2003 ©2003 by the Center for Austrian Studies (CAS). Permission to reproduce must generally be obtained from CAS. Copying is permitted in accordance with the fair use guidelines of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. CAS permits the following additional educational uses without permission or payment of fees: academic libraries may place copies of CAS Working Papers on reserve (in multiple photocopied or electronically retrievable form) for students enrolled in specific courses; teachers may reproduce or have reproduced multiple copies (in photocopied or electronic form) for students in their courses. Those wishing to reproduce CAS Working Papers for any other purpose (general distribution, advertising or promotion, creating new collective works, resale, etc.) must obtain permission from the Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota, 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis MN 55455. Tel: 612-624-9811; fax: 612-626-9004; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction: The Rise of the Viennese Jewish Middle Class The rapid burgeoning and advancement of the Jewish middle class in Vienna commenced with the achievement of fully equal civil and legal rights in the Fundamental Laws of December 1867 and the inter-confessional Settlement (Ausgleich) of 1868. It was the victory of liberalism and the constitutional state, a victory which had immediate and phenomenal demographic and social consequences. In 1857, Vienna had a total population of 287,824, of which 6,217 (2.16 per cent) were Jews. -
Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany*
Gesnerus 68/1 (2011) 61–79 Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany* Andreas-Holger Maehle Summary Comparing two public medical affairs which involved disciplinary proceed- ings and libel actions, one from Bavaria and one from Prussia, this article analyzes the dynamics behind legal conflicts over doctors’ professional ethics in Imperial Germany. In both the case of Dr Maurice Hutzler, who com mitted suicide after conflicts with senior colleagues at the Gisela Children’s Hospi- tal and a sentence of the court of honour of the Munich Medical District Society, and the Berlin “patient trade” affair, in which the medical professors Ernst von Leyden, Hermann Senator, Karl Anton Ewald and Carl Posner were accused of having made payments to middlemen for bringing them lucrative private patients, notions of personal and professional honour played a central role. The Munich case highlighted shortcomings of the Bavarian medical court of honour system, which was less developed than its Prussian counterpart. The analysis of the two cases suggests that the ethics of medical practice in early twentieth-century Germany should be viewed as part of a culture of honour. Keywords: medical courts of honour; professional ethics; disciplinary pro- ceedings; libel trials; Imperial Germany *I gratefully acknowledge the support of my research by the Wellcome Trust as part of a Strate- gic Award on the theme “Knowledge, Ethics and Representation of Medicine and Health: Historical Perspectives”. I would further like to thank Sebastian Pranghofer for his efficient research assistance and the audiences of the workshop “Legal Medicine and Expertise in History” (4 December 2009) at Oxford Brookes University and the Philosophy Department’s “Research Away Day” (21 June 2010) at Durham University as well as the anonymous referees for Gesnerus for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. -
Historical Synopsis – the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto
Historical Synopsis – The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto The initial version of this brief account of the Department of Psychiatry’s origins and founding (web- published, 2004) ranged from 1845 to 1925. This updated synopsis extends the account, as a convenient chronological marker, to the Department’s centenary year, 2007-08. A more substantial focus remains on the pre-history and early history, since those eras were lived before the life experiences of most of us, and have not been documented to the same extent as the more recent events in the life of our Department. Psychiatry’s Origins It was 1908 and the Mimico Asylum’s Medical Superintendent, Dr. Nelson Beemer, was adamant. The University of Toronto (U. of T.) could call its newest department “Psychiatry” if it wished, but he had been an Extramural [hospital-based] Professor of Mental Diseases in the Medical Faculty for five years, and favoured that title. President Robert Falconer, in place of the ailing Dean of Medicine, had consented and the newly-ensconced Department head, Professor C.K. Clarke (who as Beemer’s Queen Street counterpart had held the same title) recognized that this was a minor point of semantics. Falconer reported back to Clarke that, “I put before [Beemer] the fact that the department would be run on psychiatric lines under your direction… He assured me he would be willing to cooperate with you on the matter…”1 They were in basic agreement that, as Clarke later defined for a general readership: “A psychiatrist is one who studies and treats diseases of the mind.”2 Dr. -
'God's Ethicist': Albert Moll and His Medical Ethics in Theory and Practice
Med. Hist. (2012), vol. 56(2), pp. 217–236. c The Author 2012. Published by Cambridge University Press 2012 doi:10.1017/mdh.2011.34 ‘God’s Ethicist’: Albert Moll and His Medical Ethics in Theory and Practice ANDREAS-HOLGER MAEHLE∗ Centre for the History of Medicine and Disease, Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University, Queen’s Campus, Stockton TS17 6BH, UK Abstract: In 1902, Albert Moll, who at that time ran a private practice for nervous diseases in Berlin, published his comprehensive book on medical ethics, Arztliche¨ Ethik. Based on the concept of a contractual relationship between doctor and client, it gave more room to the self-determination of patients than the contemporary, usually rather paternalistic, works of this genre. In the first part of the present paper this is illustrated by examining Moll’s views and advice on matters such as truthfulness towards patients, euthanasia, and abortion. The second part of this article discusses how Moll engaged with the then publicly debated issues of experimentation on hospital patients and the ‘trade’ of foreign private patients between agents and medical consultants. In both matters Moll collected evidence of unethical practices and tried to use it to bring about change without damaging his or the profession’s reputation. However, with his tactical manoeuvres, Moll made no friends for himself among his colleagues or the authorities; his book on ethics also met with a generally cool response from the medical profession and seems to have been more appreciated by lawyers than by other -
ORL Et Universitaire En Chirurgie
1 UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES 2004 THÈSE DE MÉDECINE QUALIFICATION EN MÉDECINE GÉNÉRALE Soutenue le 11 juin 2004 NOM : BOULANGER PRENOM : JEROME Titre de Thèse : La célébrité mondiale d’un otologiste nantais, Maurice Sourdille Maurice Sourdille était un otologiste qui vécu à Nantes entre les deux guerres mondiales. Il eut une carrière exceptionnelle tant par son parcours professionnel, que par les travaux qu’il mena sur la chirurgie de la surdité. Fait extraordinaire, il réalisa la majeure partie de ses travaux dans le cadre d’une clientèle privée d’O.R.L. installé en ville à Nantes alors qu’il était en même temps professeur de chirurgie générale à l’école de médecine. Il fit ainsi des découvertes qui constituent une des bases de la spécialité actuelle. Il fut aussi l’un des premiers en France à intervenir sur l’hypophyse. Ses innovations furent mal comprises par ses confrères français. Cet accueil changea lorsqu’au lendemain de la guerre ils réalisèrent que les confrères américains les avaient adoptées. Cet homme d’exception reste peu connu en France, alors qu’il eut une réputation internationale, fit partie de l’Académie de Médecine et fut fortement pressenti pour obtenir le Prix Nobel. MOTS-CLES Maurice Sourdille, précurseur de l’otologie, otospongiose, suppuration chronique de l’oreille, lambeau tympanoméatal, microscope opératoire, clinique sourdille, chirurgie transnasale de l’hypophyse. 2 INTRODUCTION 5 I. Maurice Sourdille, pionnier de l’otologie moderne 6 II. Vie privée 7 A. Sa famille 7 B. Maurice Sourdille 8 III. Naissance de l’O.R.L. en France 9 CHAPITRE I 11 L’ITINERAIRE PROFESSIONNEL 11 I. -
The Potential of Phythotherapy in Otorhinolaryngology 359
The potential of phythotherapy in otorhinolaryngology 359 © Wydawnictwo UR 2018 http://www.ejcem.ur.edu.pl/en/ ISSN 2544-1361 (online); ISSN 2544-2406 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2018.4.15 Eur J Clin Exp Med 2018; 16 (4): 359–365 REVIEW PAPER Wojciech Domka 1(ABDGF), David Aebisher 2 (ABDGF), Zuzanna Bober 3(AB), Łukasz Ożóg 4(AB), Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher 5(ABCDGF) The potential of phythotherapy in otorhinolaryngology 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 2 Department of Human Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 3 Department of Electroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 4 Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 5 Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland Abstract Introduction. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence of the use of herbs in phytotherapy. Aim. To discuss plant properties and applications in otorhinolaryngology. Materials and methods. We analysed literature and collected information of phythotherapy in otorhinolaryngology. Results. The databases were searched using various keywords such as phytotherapy, otorhinolaryngology, and herbs such as: echinacea, eucalyptus, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, kava, pelargonium sidoides, rosemary, spirulina, St John’s wort, and thyme. Conclusions. Due to the beneficial impact of meicinal plants in medicine there is a growing interest in analytical identification and quantification for clinical medicine and forensic toxicology. Keywords. phytotherapy, medicinal plants, otorhinolaryngology Introduction to Phytotherapy ing each plant and wrote the first International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. -
Nsc503 Course Title: Mental Health and Psychiatric
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA COURSE CODE: NSC503 COURSE TITLE: MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRIC NURSING III COURSE CODE: NSC503 (4 CREDIT UNIT) COURSE TITLE: MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRIC NURSING III Course Writers: Dr. J A Afolayan COURSE REVIEWER: DR E C Ndie Programme Co-ordinator: DR E C NDIE (H O D) COURSE GUIDE Contents Introduction The Course Course Aims Course Objectives Working through the course Course Material Study Units Text Books Assessment Tutor Marked Assignment Pen- On- Paper end of Course Examination Summary References/Further Readings 1.0 Introduction This course focuses on building on knowledge of psychosocial development from childhood to adulthood and the understanding of human behavior in health and illness and the knowledge acquired from NSC 314 (Mental Health Nursing and Psychiatric Nursing I) and NSC 412 (mental health and psychiatric nursing II) It is designed to equip the students to completely employ nursing process and evidence base nursing practice in the development of nursing care of Psychiatric clients. The course will expose the students to specific mental health issues related to substance abuse, therapeutic modalities in dynamics of human behaviours in the application of interventions and the concept and practice of community mental health nursing. 2.0 What you will learn in this course The overall aim of NSC 503: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing III is to enable you build on what you have learnt in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing I and II as this course advanced on the previous one. Some of the topics covered in this unit includes Substance Abuse, Alcoholism, Epilepsy, Therapeutic Modalities in Psychiatry, Crisis Intervention, Community Mental Health Nursing, Legal Aspects of Mental Health Nursing, History Taking of Psychiatric Patients, Electro-Convulsive Therapy, Occupational and Recreational Therapies, Rehabilitation and Psychiatric Pharmacology. -
The Medical Model Vol. 2: Entering the Labyrinth: Balancing Care and Risk in Clinical Services Vol
The Consumers’ Atlas to Mental Health CONVERSATION STARTERS Vol. 1: The Medical Model Vol. 2: Entering the labyrinth: Balancing care and risk in clinical services Vol. 3: Stigma: The precarious balance between social and personal identity Vol. 4: Where mental health is made: Personal autonomy and social regulation Vol. 5: Mad Studies Vol. 6: Musings about the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS): Are we in or out? Vol. 7: Holding ourselves together in time and space: Living in community Vol. 8: In the news: The wider context of mental health and illness Compiled by Merinda Epstein in partnership with Jacques Boulet The Consumer’s Atlas to Mental Health Published by Our Community Pty Ltd Melbourne Victoria Australia © Our Community Pty Ltd This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be produced by any process without permission from the publisher. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction should be addressed to: Our Consumer Place PO Box 354 North Melbourne 3051 Victoria, Australia Please note: The views expressed in this guide are not necessarily the views of all partners in the Our Consumer Place initiative. While all care has been taken in the preparation of this material, no responsibility is accepted by the author(s) or Our Community, or its staff, for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies. The material provided in this guide has been prepared to provide general information only. It is not intended to be relied upon or be a substitute for legal or other professional advice. No responsibility can be accepted by the author(s), funders or publishers for any known or unknown consequences that may result from reliance on any information provided in this publication. -
Types of Communication About Delusions Among People with Psychosis
Types of Communication about Delusions among People with Psychosis (A multi-centre cross sectional interview and record study) A Quantitative and Qualitative Research A thesis submitted to the School of Medicine, Cardiff University, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Medical Doctorate (Psychiatry) by Dr. Karam A Fadhli MBBS, MSc, DPM, DPsych Supervised by Professor Pamela J Taylor MBBS, MRCP, FRCPsych, FMedSci & Professor Marianne van den Bree BSc, MSc, PhD Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University Abstract Background: Delusions are common in psychosis, defined as fixed, false beliefs. Some studies, however, have found that they may be less fixed than previously thought, possibly changing in response to talking about them. Relatives of people with psychosis or clinical staff often ask how to respond to them when they talk about their delusions, but no available advice appears to be evidence based. Aims: To review evidence on everyday communication about delusions and find out how people with delusions talk about them with others, taking three perspectives (patients, their nominated relatives and clinicians) and to construct a model for communication in relation to the delusion according to each party independently. Methods: 36 patients were engaged in semi-structured interviews about their mental state generally (Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale) and their delusion (Maudsley Assessment of Delusions Schedule). Each patient was asked to nominate a relative and a professional to whom s/he spoke about the delusion. Relatives and staff were interviewed by different researchers. Results: Most patients reported speaking to others about their delusion and nominated an informant. -
Berliner Militärärzte Im Labor Von 1870-1895
Aus dem Institut für Geschichte der Medizin Zentrum für Human- und Gesundheitswissenschaften der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin DISSERTATION Berliner Militärärzte im Labor von 1870-1895 zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum medicarum (Dr. rer. medic.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin von Frank-Peter Kirsch aus Gotha Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Volker Hess 2. Prof. Dr. Thomas Schnalke 3. Prof. Dr. Heinz Schott Datum der Promotion: 22. Juni 2009 Operativer Eingriff um 1900 Fotoarchiv St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus „Yesterday is history – Tomorrow is a mystery – Today is a gift” (Anna Eleanor Roosevelt) Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung.................................................................................................................. 7 1.1. Stand der Forschung und Materialien...................................................................... 10 1.2. Gang der Darstellung............................................................................................... 14 2. Militärmedizinische Ausbildung und Labor……………………………………16 2.1. Institutionen und Einrichtungen in Berlin............................................................... 16 2.2. Das Militärsanitätswesen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts..................... 28 2.3. Klinischer Unterricht an der Charité........................................................................ 30 2.4. Soziale Herkunft der Militär- und Zivilärzte, Aufnahmebestimmungen........................................................................................ -
Goldenbooksnorlbd
goldenBOOK21x27SNORL- 2/10/08 11:20 Page 1 Syndicat National des Médecins Spécialisés en O.R.L et Chirurgie Cervico faciale (SNORL) Centenaire 1908 - 2008 Illustration : © BIUM - Examen du larynx au moyen de l’appareil Killian. goldenBOOK21x27SNORL- 29/09/08 22:23 Page 2 Photo : Getty Image Audition Conseil des spécialistes de confi ance C Les audioprothésistes Audition Conseil sont des spécialistes de la correction auditive qui privilégient la qualité, démarche qui se traduit par une écoute attentive, un accompagnement individualisé et un suivi régulier. Avec le contrat «Points Bleus» et sa garantie SATISFACTION, les patients sont assurés de bénéficier du meilleur confort auditif. Par ce contrat, les spécialistes Audition Conseil s’engagent à tout mettre en œuvre pour garantir la solution Le SNORL remer la mieux adaptée à leurs besoins et à leur mode de vie. Audition Conseil, plus de 250 centres indépendants en France tél. 0826 303 404 (0,15€/mn) www.auditionconseil.fr APorl21*27.indd 1 7/07/08 10:53:57 goldenBOOK21x27SNORL- 29/09/08 22:23 Page 3 Syndicat National des Médecins Spécialisés en O.R.L et Chirurgie Cervico faciale (SNORL) Centenaire 1908 - 2008 Le SNORL remercie tout particulièrement la Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine et d'Odontologie (BIUM) pour sa collaboration à nos illustrations. S.N.O.R.L. 3 Centenaire 1908 - 2008 7/07/08 10:53:57 goldenBOOK21x27SNORL-avamys21X27corr 18/09/08 29/09/08 10:03 22:24 Page 1Page 4 Traitement de première intention dans les formes modérées à sévères de la rhinite allergique*. Remb.Séc.Soc à 35 % Agréé Collect. -
Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard Phenotypes of Endogenous Psychoses: a Review of Their Validity Jack R
Original article Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard phenotypes of endogenous psychoses: a review of their validity Jack R. Foucher, MD, PhD; Micha Gawlik, MD; Julian N. Roth, MD; Clément de Crespin de Billy, MD; Ludovic C. Jeanjean, MD, MNeuroSci; Alexandre Obrecht, MPsych; Olivier Mainberger, MD; Julie M. E. Clauss, MD, MPhilSt; Julien Elowe, MD; Sébastien Weibel, MD, PhD; Benoit Schorr, MD, MNeuroSci; Marcelo Cetkovich, MD; Carlos Morra, MD; Federico Rebok, MD; Thomas A. Ban, MD; Barbara Bollmann, MD; Mathilde M. Roser, MD; Markus S. Hanke, MD; Burkhard E. Jabs, MD; Ernst J. Franzek, MD; Fabrice Berna, MD, PhD; Bruno Pfuhlmann, MD While the ICD-DSM paradigm has been a major advance in clinical psychiatry, its usefulness for biological psychiatry is debated. By defining consensus-based disorders rather than empirically driven phenotypes, consensus classifications were not an implementation of the biomedical paradigm. In the field of endogenous psychoses, the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard (WKL) pathway has optimized the descriptions of 35 major phenotypes using common medical heuristics on lifelong diachronic observations. Regarding their construct validity, WKL phenotypes have good reliability and predictive and face validity. WKL phenotypes come with remarkable evidence for differential validity on age of onset, familiality, pregnancy complications, precipitating factors, and treatment response. Most impressive is the replicated separation of high- and low-familiality phenotypes. Created in the purest tradition of the biomedical paradigm, the WKL phenotypes