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Following upon these paper-! are those on Hypochondriasis and Notices of (contributed to Reynohh’ System of with Dr. Reviews Books. Anstie), on Anorexia Nervosa, and the memorable descrip- A of the Published Writings of TVilliam Withey tion of a Cretinoid State supervening in Adult Life in CollectionGull, Bart., M.D., F.R.S., Physician to Guy’s Hospital. Women—the earliest recognition of the condition to which Edited and arranged by THEODORE DYKE AcLAND. M.D., Dr. Ord subsequently gave the name of myxoedema. The Physician to St. Thomns’s Hospital. Vol. I. Medical editor has reproduced here a letter which Sir Papers. : The New Sydenham Society. 1894. adlressed to THE LANCET2 in 1883, in which he showed that THE bibliography which is appended to this volume gives Dr. Hilton Fagge recognised the influence of the thyroid in the titles of ninety-one papers on various subjects in medicine, counteracting the tendency to cretinism, the features of which appeared from the 3 ear 1845 to 1888, from the pen of which, Dr. Fagge remarked, had been long since pointed out one of the most gifted physicians of the time. These con- by Dr. Gull in his clinical teaching. The philosophical side tributions are scattered in the columns of journals and trans- of Sir William Gull’s contributions to pathological knowledge but their actions of societies ; interest and value are more was perhaps best exemplified in his writings upon chronic than ephemeral, and the collection of them into two volumes Bright’s disease, and the doctrine of arterio-capillary is a work which does credit to the New Sydenham fibrosis which he linked with that affection. The contro- The first of these volumes one Society. is the versy which arose around his bold generalisation has been now before us, which has been carefully arranged well-nigh forgotten, for the general truth of his contention by Dr. Theodore Acland; and the second, which is to has become part and parcel of pathological teaching. The appear later, will contain the addresses on public occasions minute analysis of the changes in the spinal cord and its vessels and a of the author. The of the biography selection which formed the subject of a joint paper read by papers for republication has been judicious, and several him and Dr. Sutton before the Pathological Society is also of the essays are of classical value. In the first reproduced here with all the finely executed plates that place are Sir William Gull’s contributions to certain illustrated it. He returned to this subject at the Inter- diseases of the nervous of them found a system. Many place national Medical Congress at Copenhagen in 1884, in a paper in the and all contain marks of acute Guy’s Hospital Reports, which is valuable as showing his matured views on the relation- c’inical and with and pathological observation, original sug- ship between the lesions in the kidney and in other organs commentaries on the facts noted. The two gestive opening in Bright’s disease. We need not dwell upon other papers. here are on Abscess of the the one papers reprinted Brain, in this volume, which are none the less interesting and are published in the third volume of Guy’s Hospital Reports in marked by the writer’s characteristics. They include his the other contributed in with Dr. Sutton 1857, conjunction ascription of pulmonary gangrene in mediastinal disease to to of Medicine. The former contains Reynolds’s System destruction of the vagus nerve and pulmonary plexus, numerous records of cases of abscess which illustrate some of although it is perhaps more simply explained by the effects of the modes in which the condition are arises ; they preceded mechanical occlusion of bronchi; his papers (also jointly a of the then on the by general survey knowledge existing written with Dr. Sutton) on Rheumatic Fever; and that on and it is find the subject, interesting to opinion expressed Vitiligoidea. Whether we regard these writings from the that intervention some be resorted to. Thus surgical may day point of view of science or from that of pure literature, he writes : " Clinical that the experience shows, however, they are equally worthy and attractive. They are sure to brain-tissue will bear more mechanical interference than be perused again with pleasure, for they bear the impress, might have been supposed, and encourages the hope that, as of originality in thought and of vividness in diction, which even our with knowledge increases, here, power may increase contributed to make their author so striking a personality it." He refers to a case recorded in 1849 by Detmold, a in the medical world. case "notorious from the doubts as to its veracity and the subsequent testimony to its truth." This was a case of cerebral abscess following compound fracture of the skull, I, A Text-book on Diseases of the Eye. By HENRY D. NOYES,NoYES; in which the abscess was evacuated by incision, with the A.M., M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology in result that consciousness returned. Three weeks later Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. Second Edition. Illustrated 5 Plates, stupor again came on and another incision was made, without by Chromo-lithographic 10 Plates in Black and Colours,and 269 Wood Engravings. a the the result ; probe passed next day took direction of the London : H. K. Lewis. 1894. lateral ventricle, and as a final resort the ventricle itself was WHEN so many treatises on diseases of the eye appear in laid open. The patient died the same evening, seven weeks quick succession in Germany, in France, and in this country, after the first opening of the abscess, and it was found that it is not surprising that one should be produced in America the pus had made its way into the ventricles. A paper embodying the results of recent research. Of course there on Aneurysm of the cerebral Vessels, published in may be some with which we are unacquainted, but the only 1859, is an excellent of a that has study subject works that be as at all in our recollec- often since been discussed at societies. The may regarded complete pathological tion are those of Dr. Williams and of Dr. Schweinitz. The Goulstonian lectures, delivered in 1848, established Dr. volume before us is much larger than either of these, and Gull’s reputation as an authority upon disease of the enters much more fully into questions of the pathology of nervous system, and in particular may be cited his discussion many forms of disease. On the whole, it be considered of Cervical Paraplegia therein contained. The subject of may as a full and satisfactory exposition of the present stand- indeed, was one which he studied, paraplegia, profoundly point of ophthalmology. The author has consulted the various and his papers which appeared in Guy’s Hospital Reports journals devoted to this subject with care, and cites many have been frequently utilised by neurologists. His re- interesting and typical cases, but he is not led astray by searches upon "urinary paraplegia" were of great service authority and daes not fail to exercise his own judgment when in showing the presence of actual changes in the cord there is a conflict of opinion. The value of the first edition was and the inadequacy of the view that this was paralysis diminished by some faults of style which the author has taken due mainly to "reflex" action. The record of a "Case of pains, not always successful, to remove. Those subjects which of the Muscles of the Cord," in which Progressive Atrophy seem to possess special attractions for the Americans, and there was found after death an enlargement of the central have been studied by them with remarkable assiduity—such:, canal of the spinal cord (hydromyelus), is perhaps one the of first descriptions of the clinical and pathological 1 Transactions ofthe ClinicalSociety, 1874 2 features of the condition now known as syringo-myelia THELANCET, Dec.8th, 1883. 799 for example, as asthenopia from muscular insufficiency and l2appart.s et Mentoires sur le Saurage de l’Avignon, &c. Par its treatment by prisms and lenses ; strabismus and its treat- ITARD. Paris: Aux Bureaux du Progres Medical et F6lix Alcan. 1891. ment by tenotomy, together with the treatment of errors of THE volume before us is a of a refraction of all kinds-are, as might be expected, treated at reprint papers concerning child to be an idiot Pinel, but believed to be considerable length, and in an interesting manner. The position pronounced by a Itard. He was in the woods of Caune held by the author as Professor of Ophthalmology in Bellevue foundling by caught of the VII. of the then Hospital Medical College and to the New York towards the end year Republic, being eleven or twelve old, and died in the Institution for Eye and Ear Infirmary, affording him a wide field of practice, years in enables him to speak with authority, since he has had the Deaf-mutes in 1828. Pinel was right his diagnosis, and Itard made no in the education of his. opportunity of adopting and comparing many or most of consequently great progress the plans and methods of operating proposed by others. pupil, but roused his intelligence more than could have been His and in even Dr. Noyes devotes a page to the treatment of trachoma anticipated. perseverance ingenuity achieving so much as he did with so a were remark- by jequirity, a method that we thought had long hopeless subject and his method was based a scientific been given up on account of the uncertainty of the able, upon appreciation of the laws of education. It is claimed for Itard that he laid results and the serious nature of the inflammation it some- at this time the foundation of to the deaf- times sets up. He gives drawings of Gibson’s forceps, imparting speech mute, which in the has become the which are designed to seize the lid without injuring it, and present day ordinary of institutions for the instruction of these unfortu- to enable it to be everted in order that treatment may be duty nate from its scientific interest the volume applied to the follicles. In the section upon Entropium, Dr. people. Apart before us is of Noyes states that he has found Green’s operation give the suggestive much historical reflection. lived best results, the theory of which is to make the integument Itard during the most interesting period of French and his life is and sketched adhere to the upper edge of the tarsus and tarso-orbital history, succinctly gracefully in the which the fascia in such a manner that it shall by its tension draw the eloge by Bousquet precedes republica- ciliary border outward. He does not give the details of the tion of the essay in question. We find during this a transformed into a and chaos. method known on the Continent as the "Snellen-Hotz" period kingdom republic, an to be reduced to a operation, and which was described by Dr. Germann evolving empire, again kingdom. " is to be in the second part of the Mittheilungen aus der Humanity convulsed ; dynasties pass away replaced. but in the and continuous St. Petersburger Angenheilanstalt," who has himself prac- by others ; calm, inevitable, pro- of science we also find these marked tised it in no less than 532 cases in the course of the last five gress changes chiefly the alteration of an a institution years with great success. As there are five con- by adjective : republican nected with the St. Petersburg Hospital, this number becomes an imperial one, and the latter gives place to one termed The Medical has done service in indicates, if they have all a corresponding number of cases, royal. Progres good in so convenient a form these an appalling prevalence of this disease, from whatever cause publishing interesting papers and in thus to the of the the it may arise, in Northern Russia. In his account of bringing memory present achievements of the Were the more epithelial cancer and lupoid growths, amongst which, we past. past methodically and studied the be robbed of much presume, rodent ulcer is included, Dr. Noyes states that persistently present might the solution of chlorinated soda (Labarraque’s) diluted with of its originality, but the future would be all the richer in. five parts of water will often be followed by perfect cicatrisa- valuable observation and sound conclusion. tion of a suspicious and extensive ulceration. It should be applied for twenty minutes with a piece of lint six or eight times a day. The author states that he has observed this Analytical Records result times the last fifteen In our many during years. FROM experience these affections have proved very recalcitrant to every mode of treatment, recurring even after free and THE LANCET LABORATORY. excision. apparently complete "VIMBOS" FLUID BEEF. In cataract extraction Dr. without Noyes operates iridectomy (THE SCOTTISH FLUID BEEF COMPANY, HOLYROOP-SQUARE, and does not use eserine before operating, but employs EDINBURGH.) cocaine on the preceding day with the object of learning AN important and noteworthy feature in this preparation how much mydriasis it will cause and to gain its hypotonic consists in its high degree of concentration, as exhibited in effects. He gives as indications for the performance of the following figures of our analysis : Moisture, 19’00 per iridectomy in cataract extraction an inactive pupil ; a pupil cent. ; mineral matter (chiefly extracted phosphates and which does not dilate readily with cocaine ; a perceptible common salt), 23’40 per cent. ; meat extractives, 57’60 per degree of plus tension ; a large quantity of cortical substance cent., of which as much as 7’46 parts are nitrogen. "Vimbos" and indocility on the part of the patient ; to which we should accordingly represents the entire extractives of meat in be disposed to add cases of bruising or laceration of the small compass. It is particularly palatable, being quite iris in the process of extraction. devoid of that burnt flavour which is not infrequently met There is evidence of some carelessness in the correction of with in similar preparations. It is valuable of course, chiefly for the restorative and of the the proof sheets for the press. To mention a few examples : stimulating properties crystal- meat which it contains in "Chisholm," p. 672, should be "Chisolm," which is the more line and non-crystalline principles, On this account we it as an inexcusable as Dr. Chisolm is a well-known American ophthal- excellent proportion. regard mologist. "Lawrence," p. 294, should be "Laurence"; excellent and vigorous food adjuvant rather than a complete "Lindslay Johnson," p. 816, should be "Lindsay Johnson." food, since it does not contain the fibre and albumen which " Grossman " is spelt correctly on one page, but a little further compose the real nutriment of properly prepared beef-tea. " on, p. 328, " Grossmann " ; ’ I indirect, " p. 40, last line, should GRANULATED EFFERVESCENT BITARTRATE OF LITHIA. be direct" ; "Streatfield,"p. 265, should be "Streatfeild." (ALFRED BISHOP, 17, SPECK’S-FIELDS, MILE-ENO NEW-TOWN, E. Plate referred to on 291 and is absent in our No. 6, pp. 677, In a paper on the Dental Manifestations of Gout copy, perhaps accidentally, as the figures belonging to it are recently published in this journalI Dr. Kirk, Doctor described at the end of the volume. Some of the sentences of Dental Medicine, of Philadelphia, U.S.A., points out need the the work is a valuable revision ; still, upon whole, the value of lithium bitartrate in the treatment of this contribution to the literature of this department of medicine. malady. In seeking for some constitutional remedy for The illustrations which accompany the text are as a rule very good. 1 THE LANCET, June 30th, 1894.