Masarykova Univerzita V Brně Možnosti Internetové

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Masarykova Univerzita V Brně Možnosti Internetové MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA V BRN Ě FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav české literatury a knihovnictví Kabinet knihovnictví MOŽNOSTI INTERNETOVÉ TELEFONIE S PŘIHLÉDNUTÍM K TECHNOLOGII VOIP Bakalá řská diplomová práce Autor práce: Helena Ireinová Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Petr Šky řík Brno 2007 Bibliografický záznam IREINOVÁ, Helena. Možnosti internetové telefonie s přihlédnutím k technologii VoIP . Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Kabinet knihovnictví, 2007. 68 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Petr Šky řík. Anotace Diplomová práce Možnosti internetové telefonie s přihlédnutím k technologii VoIP pojednává o nejaktuáln ějším tématu sou časné internetové komunikace, kterou je internetová telefonie založená na technologii VoIP. Práce nejprve objas ňuje rozdíly mezi termíny VoIP, IP telefonie a internetová telefonie, které bývají v praxi b ěžn ě používány jako synonyma, a dále se zam ěř uje na princip fungování technologie VoIP v četn ě možností jejího využití při internetové telefonii. Práce je rozd ělena do sedmi kapitol, p řičemž nejpodstatn ější částí je kapitola pátá s názvem Internetová telefonie , která zahrnuje veškeré formy takové komunikace. Práce si klade za cíl podrobn ě analyzovat internetovou telefonii, uvádí jednotlivé zp ůsoby telefonování a hlavní VoIP zprost ředkovatele nebo programy, které internetovou telefonii umož ňují, uvádí tedy přehled nejvýhodn ějších VoIP operátor ů na českém trhu, kabelové operátory nebo klienty instant messagingu, a podrobn ě také rozebírá použití vhodného softwarového či hardwarového vybavení. Poukazuje ale také na jednotlivé problémy týkající se kvality internetové telefonie a rizika, která z provozování takové komunikace mohou plynout. Klí čová slova Internetová telefonie, VoIP, IP telefonie, VoIP operátor Annotation Diploma thesis The possibilities of Internet Telephony considering VoIP technology deals with the most actual subject of the Internet communication which is Internet Telephony based on VoIP technology. This work makes clear the differences among the terms VoIP, IP Telephony and Internet Telephony at first which are commonly used as synonyms in practice then the work focuses on principles of function VoIP technology including possibilities its utilization in Internet Telephony. This work is divided to seven chapters whereas the most essential part is chapter five entitled Internet Telephony which encompasses all forms of that communication. This work tries to exhaustively analyze Internet Telephony, it mentions particular ways of telephony and the main VoIP Service Providers or software which enables Internet Telephony, indicates review of the most convenient VoIP Providers in the Czech market, cable operators or instant messaging clients and it exhaustively analyze convenient use of software and hardware equipment. It also points out particular problems concerning the quality of Internet Telephony and risks which can result from that communication. Keywords Internet Telephony, VoIP, IP Telephony, VoIP Provider Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatn ě s využitím uvedených pramen ů a literatury. Sou časn ě dávám svolení k tomu, aby tato práce byla umíst ěna v Úst řední knihovn ě FF MU a používána ke studijním účel ům. …………………………………………… .. V Brn ě 30. dubna 2007 Podpis autora práce Pod ěkování Na tomto míst ě bych cht ěla pod ěkovat svému vedoucímu diplomové práce PhDr. Petru Šky říkovi za jeho cenné rady, p řipomínky a celkovou pomoc p ři zpracování práce. OBSAH ÚVOD.................................................................................................................8 1. Historie telefonování ....................................................................................10 1.1. Vynález telefonu....................................................................................10 1.2. Pevné analogové telefonní sít ě ..............................................................11 1.3. Pevné digitální telefonní sít ě .................................................................12 1.4. Mobilní telefonní sít ě ............................................................................12 1.5. IP sít ě.....................................................................................................13 2. Principy p řenosu dat v sítích ........................................................................16 2.1. Přepojování okruh ů ...............................................................................16 2.2. Přepínání paket ů ....................................................................................17 3. Technologie VoIP.........................................................................................20 3.1. Princip fungování technologie VoIP .....................................................20 3.2. VoWiFi..................................................................................................22 3.3. VoIP softwarové a hardwarové vybavení..............................................23 4. IP telefonie....................................................................................................24 4.1. Vymezení termínu IP telefonie..............................................................25 4.2. Komunika ční protokoly.........................................................................26 4.2.1. Protokol SIP ...................................................................................27 5. Internetová telefonie.....................................................................................29 5.1. Zp ůsob p řipojení a technické vybavení pro internetovou telefonii.......29 5.1.1. Softwarový telefon .........................................................................30 5.1.2. USB telefon ....................................................................................31 5.1.3. IP telefon ........................................................................................32 5.1.4. Wi-Fi telefon ..................................................................................32 5.1.5. Klasický analogový telefon p řipojený k VoIP brán ě .....................33 5.2. Možnosti internetového telefonování (originace a terminace hovoru)..34 5.2.1. PC – PC ..........................................................................................35 5.2.2. PC – Phone .....................................................................................36 5.2.3. Phone – Phone................................................................................37 5.2.4. Phone – PC .....................................................................................38 5.3. VoIP operáto ři .......................................................................................38 5.4. Telefonování p řes instant messaging.....................................................42 5.4.1. Skype..............................................................................................43 6. Problémy internetové telefonie.....................................................................47 6.1. QoS........................................................................................................47 6.1.1. Latence ...........................................................................................48 6.1.2. Jitter................................................................................................48 6.1.3. Ztrátovost paket ů............................................................................49 6.2. Výpadky spojení....................................................................................50 7. Bezpe čnost internetové telefonie..................................................................52 7.1. Vishing ..................................................................................................52 7.2. Spit.........................................................................................................53 7.3. Zabezpe čení internetové telefonie.........................................................54 ZÁV ĚR .............................................................................................................55 SEZNAM ZKRATEK A TERMÍN Ů ...............................................................57 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY ..............................................................60 OBRÁZKOVÁ P ŘÍLOHA...............................................................................66 ÚVOD Téma diplomové práce Možnosti internetové telefonie s přihlédnutím k technologii VoIP jsem si vybrala na základ ě svého zájmu o tuto oblast internetové komunikace, která se v sou časnosti stává aktuálním tématem nejen mezi po číta čovými odborníky, ale také mezi b ěžnými uživateli Internetu. Tímto tématem se budu zabývat práv ě z pohledu b ěžného uživatele. Tato práce si klade za cíl seznámit s internetovou telefonií a technologií VoIP. Bude se zabývat možnostmi sou časného internetového telefonování s přihlédnutím k aktuálnímu stavu této telefonie v českém prost ředí. Dále se tato práce pokusí objasnit princip fungování technologie VoIP, p řiblíží zp ůsoby připojení k Internetu a jednotlivá technická za řízení, která jsou vhodná pro komunikaci založenou na této technologii. Sou časn ě popíše výhody a možné problémy, které jsou vyvolány buď nevyhovující kvalitou služeb, nebo nedostate čnou ochranou této hlasové komunikace, a pokusí se uvést n ěkterá bezpe čnostní opat ření. Tato práce má kompila ční charakter a jejím cílem je podrobná analýza internetové telefonie založené na technologii VoIP. Z důvodu rozsahu práce a pohledu ze strany
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