of the National Humanities Center

SPRING 2002 NEWS From the Black Death Director’s Column 2 to the Thirty Years War 2002–03 Fellows Named 3 Thomas Brady Reexamines How Germany Became Germany Like Robert Richardson and Thomas development. A recent conversation with First Lyman Award Given 4 Laqueur, the first two John P. Birkelund Brady touched on everything from why Senior Fellows at the National women’s college basketball has eclipsed Alan Tuttle Honored 6 Humanities Center, Thomas Brady is a men’s in terms of strategy and interest to senior scholar with a youthful enthusi- the comparative merits of the National asm for his own work and an effortless Humanities Center over other institutes An Eventful Spring Semester 8 ability to hold forth on a wide range of for advanced study (chiefly the barbeque topics. A much-decorated scholar of the and the library services). The excerpt Deborah Cohen: Protestant Reformation who holds the below focuses on the task Brady has set Thinking About Things 10 Peder Sather Chair of History at the for himself in German Histories. University of California, Berkeley, Brady Summer Reading List 11 has spent his fellowship year working on Why don’t we start with “The German Question”? a new book, German Histories in the Age The Germans themselves call it Education Programs Update 12 of Reformations. Focusing on the period between the Black Death and the Thirty “the German Question”; I call it “the Years War but looking ahead to the German Problem”: Why does the course Kudos 14 “German Problem” of the mid-20th cen- of Germany as a nation-state seem to tury, the book will shed new light on the diverge so greatly from a norm based, In Memoriam 14 political and religious experiences of a implicitly or explicitly, on the histories collection of peoples whose identities of Britain and France? The norm speci- Recent Books by Fellows 15 were too strong to be forced into the fies a strongly centralized state and a Western European model of national more or less comfortable sense of nation- continued on page 2 Summer Events Calendar 16

1 In the first few years hood. “The German Problem” is thus a historians to look on this era in terms after I came to the question of exception to a norm, compa- of, I won’t say liberation, but release rable to what we call “American excep- from traditional, constricting ways of National Humanities tionalism.” The German case, granted, thinking and of doing things. Center, I often thought has a more ominous ring, because of the of the Center as an aggressive imperial nationalism that How did the German-speaking people respond to this opportunity? adolescent. It was experiencing the usual awakened after the First World War and led to the Second World War and Local people were thrown on their symptoms of adolescence—growing pains, the Holocaust. own resources for what I call “gover- uncertainty about what it wanted to be, and a nance,” which is my term for govern- dependency on allowances. Also, like an ado- Let’s back up to where your book begins, ment: law and order, justice, and which is with a great epidemic. lescent, the Center was exciting, fun, and defense. What fascinated me about the German-speaking world—Germany, if growing by leaps and bounds. Before the 1920s, we knew almost nothing about the impact of the Black not taken in a strict ethno-linguistic or Now, in what seems almost the twinkling Death or, in fact, the whole population national sense—was that the small polit- of an eye, the Center is 25 years old. As you and economic history between 1250 and ical units took on more authority and will see in this issue of News of the National 1500. Before that we knew about the that they held it for so long. This politi- Humanities Center, we recently celebrated the Black Death, to be sure, but only from cal dispersal forms the classic question literary texts—most famous is the intro- about Germany at the eve of the modern 25th anniversary of the groundbreaking for duction to Boccaccio’s Decameron—but era. It is expressed by a soused student the building that George Hartman so skillfully the depth and the length of the depres- portrayed by Goethe in a famous tavern designed for the Center. Next fall we will wel- sion of the population and the economy at Leipzig, who asks, “The dear old come the 25th class of Fellows. They will join that followed the Black Death around Holy Roman Empire, how does it hold together?” One of the things I set out 850 predecessors, a group that I like to think 1350 was not known. For this era the historians discovered the same pattern to understand was something the 18th of as the largest humanities faculty in the all over Christendom—plunging popu- century no longer understood: how world. No less effective for being dispersed lations, output, and prices, followed by these people ever lived with these con- throughout hundreds of colleges and universi- stagnation. Obviously, some areas were ditions of very dispersed authority and power. I don’t mean to romanticize ties all over the world, they are a powerful not hit so badly, and in general the rule holds: the higher the level of develop- them. The institutions of that era are force for the invigoration of humanistic ment, the greater the dying off. At first all dead except for the churches, which teaching and learning. this doesn’t seem to make sense, but on were and are the only structures saved At 25 the National Humanities Center is no reflection we can see that a highly articu- from the wreck of the Holy Roman longer an adolescent. With the help and guid- lated economy, which requires a great Empire. Napoleon destroyed it, rather easily, and in doing so made political ance of many friends it has achieved greater many special skills and extensive trade, is much more vulnerable to population space for its successor, Prussia, the an- maturity, focus, and steadiness of purpose. disaster because it depends more on sus- cestor of what we know as Germany. Although it still depends on the generosity of tained demand than does a society that So you are looking back and forward a its Fellows, Trustees, and other supporters, lives mainly from subsistence agriculture. few hundred years either way from the it is proudly independent. Still, the excitement It has also been known for a long time Reformation? that the Black Death had a particularly continues, measured not by years but by the I didn’t want to. I set out to write destructive effect on all large institu- the history of an event, the Protestant achievements of the teachers and scholars tions—the kingdoms and the church, Reformation in Germany, which was whose growth the Center has helped to at least at its upper levels. Essentially, all one of the two most consequential sustain. of the paths of communication and the things that have happened among the mobility of resources that had allowed Germans. I wanted to write about it in the construction of very large institu- a modern way, as we historians look at it tions in the Middle Ages were constrict- now. Instead of drawing a sharp break ed or weakened. In the beginning, the historians spoke only of catastrophe, but W. Robert Connor now it is becoming more common for continued on page 13

2 2002–03 Fellows Named The National Humanities Center has seminars, lectures, and conferences. Ball duPont Fund, the Florence Gould announced the appointment of 39 Among the prospective Fellows will be Foundation, the Lilly Endowment, Fellows for the academic year 2002–03. several scholars engaged in the study of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, Representing history, literature, philoso- religion and American culture and sever- the John D. and Catherine T. phy, and half a dozen other humanistic al others whose research concerns envi- MacArthur Foundation, and the fields of study, these scholars will come ronmental history. National Endowment for the to the Center from the faculties of col- In support of these resident scholars Humanities. Twenty-two fellowships leges and universities across the United the Center has awarded a total of will be supported by the Center’s endow- States and also from Canada, Israel, and $1.4 million in research fellowships. ment, and one fellowship will be sup- the . They will work Sources of funding for individual fellow- ported by the contributions of alumni individually on research projects in the ships include grants from the Gladys Fellows of the Center. humanities, and will exchange ideas in Kriebel Delmas Foundation, the Jessie

Tom Beghin Musicology, University Paul Douglas Griffiths History, Iowa Jo Burr Margadant History, Santa Clara of California, Los Angeles, Performing State University, Petty Crime, Policing, University, Monarchy at Risk: The Last Rhetoric: Joseph Haydn’s Keyboard and Punishment in , 1545–1660 French Royal Family, 1830–1848 Sonatas as Musical Orations Grace Elizabeth Hale History, University Ted W. Margadant History, University Kalman P. Bland Religion, Duke of Virginia, Rebel, Rebel: Outsiders in of California, Davis, Criminal Justice University, Animals, Technology, and America, 1945–2000 and Revolutionary Politics in 1789 Souls: Human Identity in Medieval Jewish James A. Henretta History, University of Teresita Martinez-Vergne History, Thought Maryland, College Park, The Liberal State Macalester College, The Construction Kathryn Jane Burns History, University in America: New York, 1820–1950 of Citizenship in the Twentieth-Century of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Truth Dominican National Discourse Susan Fern Hirsch Anthropology, and Consequences: Scribes and the Wesleyan University, The Embassy David Lewis Porter English, University Colonization of Latin America Bombings Reframed: Constructing of Michigan, China and the Invention Charles H. Capper History, Boston Identities, Legal Meanings, and Justice of British Aesthetic Culture University, The Transcendentalist Moment: Paulina Kewes English, University of Stephen J. Pyne History, Arizona State Romantic Intellect and America's Wales, U.K., The Staging of History in University, A Fire History of Canada Democratic Awakening Early Modern England Joanne Rappaport Anthropology, Sherman Cochran History, Cornell James Rex Knowlson French, University University, Inside a Chinese Family: Georgetown University, Indigenous Public of Reading, U.K., Samuel Beckett and The Private Correspondence of the Lius Intellectuals and the Construction of European Art and Architecture of Shanghai, 1910–1956 Nationality in Colombia Lloyd S. Kramer History, University of Jonathan Riley Philosophy, Tulane Edwin David Craun English, Washington and Lee University, Fraternal Correction: North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Traveling University, Pluralistic Liberalisms: Berlin, The Ethics of Medieval English Reformist to Unknown Places: Politics, Religion and Rawls, and Mill the Cultural Identities of Expatriate Writers, Literature Harriet Ritvo History, Massachusetts 1780–1960 Institute of Technology, The Dawn of Andrew H. Delbanco English, Columbia John Richard Kucich English, University University, Melville’s World Green: Manchester, Thirlmere, and the of Michigan, Melancholy Magic: Victorian Environment Ginger Suzanne Frost History, Samford Masochism and Late Victorian Political Jenefer Mary Robinson Philosophy, University, “As Husband and Wife”: Identities University of Cincinnati, A Theory of Cohabitation in Nineteenth-Century Richard Lim Ancient History, Smith Emotion: How to Make the Connection England College, The World Continues: Public between “Primitive” and Cognitively Gail McMurray Gibson English, Spectacles and Civic Transformation in Complex Emotions Davidson College, Childbed Mysteries: Late Antiquity Performances of Childbirth in the Late Middle Ages continued on page 15

3 First Lyman Award Recognizes Innovator in Digital Humanities The grandson, son, and brother of nologies and the World Wide Web to Humanities (IATH) at the University printers is the first winner of an award create and distribute facsimiles of rare of Virginia, of which McGann is a co- that honors pioneers in a still-new area manuscripts; to archive, index, and founder. Like William Blake, the subject of the humanities—the use of digital annotate literary, artistic, and scholarly of another IATH project, Rossetti is ide- tools to expand traditional notions of materials; to link text, visual images, and ally suited to “an all-purpose, multime- scholarship and teaching. sound; and to create a new social struc- dia, hypermedia environment for editing ture that will break down boundaries cultural works,” McGann says. “You between learning, teaching, and research. can’t really edit Rossetti in textual form The Lyman Award recognizes the excit- because he is, like Blake, actually more ing results of these efforts, according to than Blake, a multimedia artist. He James O’Donnell (Trustee), Professor designed furniture; he designed jewelry; of Classical Studies and Vice Provost he designed stained-glass windows; he for Information Systems and Comput- is a poet, a prose writer, a painter.” ing at the University of Pennsylvania. The archive allows scholars and stu- “The award honors an individual dents to examine and integrate for inter- who has made important scholarly pretation the entirety of Rossetti’s works contributions that could not have been in all their material forms. The archive made without the innovative and wise at present organizes more than 8,000 use of information technology,” says distinct files and digital objects. When O’Donnell, who led a committee of it is completed in four years it will seven scholars who selected McGann. contain about 20,000. “It’s not a technology prize—it’s a recog- The Rossetti project brings to practi- nition of scholarship that all in the field cal realization the scholarly proposals for will recognize. But it’s also a recognition a new approach to editorial method that that information technology is a power- ful tool precisely for the most substantial scholarly accomplishments.” McGann’s digital/scholarly credentials Jerome J. McGann1, the John Stewart include the Rossetti Archive, a hyper- Bryan University Professor at the Uni- textual instrument designed to facilitate versity of Virginia, received the first the study of Dante Gabriel Rossetti 2; Richard W. Lyman Award, presented by the Ivanhoe Game, a Web-based soft- the National Humanities Center. The ware application for enhancing the criti- award honors Richard W. Lyman, who cal study of traditional humanities mate- was president of Stanford University rials 3; and extensive scholarly writings from 1970–80 and of the Rockefeller on computing in the humanities, includ- Foundation from 1980–88, and is ing Radiant Textuality: Literature after the made possible through a grant from World Wide Web (Palgrave/St. Martin’s, the Rockefeller Foundation. 2001). A noted scholar of the Romantic McGann, who is also on the faculty and Victorian poets and of textuality and at Royal Holloway College, University traditional editing theory, McGann has ABOVE: JAMES O'DONNELL, CHAIR OF THE SELECTION COMMITTEE, EXPLAINS WHY A of London, received the first award, also written several books of poetry. PANEL OF SCHOLARS CHOSE J EROME M C G ANN AS THE FIRST RECIPIENT OF THE R ICHARD W. along with a prize of $25,000, in a His free adaptation of Thomas Lovell LYMAN AWARD ceremony at the Time & Life Building Beddoes’ “Death’s Jest Book” will have ABOVE LEFT: RICHARD LYMAN CONGRATULATES in New York City on May 6. a New York premiere in the summer M C G ANN In recent years, scholars in the classics, of 2003. English and American literature, history, The Rossetti Archive is one of about 1 http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/~jjm2f/home.html. and other humanistic disciplines have 40 digital projects underway at the Insti- 2 http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/rossetti/ 3 http://eotpaci.clas.virginia.edu/speclab/index.html increasingly used new information tech- tute for Advanced Technology in the

4 were advanced in the early 1980s by you are in contact with the work of McGann and the late D. F. McKenzie. many others through your readings and These proposals call for an editorial so forth,” he says. “But it makes a great method that focuses not merely on the difference if you are engaged in intellec- linguistic “text” but on the entire graphi- tual activity and it is face-to-face with cal and bibliographical object, as well many people having input. That collec- as its network of social and institutional tive environment gives you access to relations. “These proposals were vigor- whole new orders of critical reflection.” ously contested at the time,” McGann Digital expertise is an increasingly recalls. “One of the chief objections marketable skill for the young humanist argued that while a ‘social theory of edit- willing to put in the necessary time to K ENT M ULLIKIN, GEORGIA AND M ORRIS E AVES, AND J OSEPH V ISCOMI ing’—that’s what the new approach was acquire it, McGann says. And at a time called—might appear attractive in theo- when even important scholarly books ry, it could not be implemented in prac- often fail to sell even 500 copies, he individuals whose work has gone fur- tice. ‘Scholars edit texts, not books.’ sees digital publishing as an important thest in realizing this empowering poten- Or so it was said. When I undertook avenue for a new generation. “I believe tial. Jerome McGann has been named the archive, I set out to prove otherwise. that our scholarship will increasingly the first recipient because his explo- In practice, not theory.” be transferred to a digital archiving and rations, and his reflections on them, delivery system,” McGann says, “and our have most compellingly engaged us in scholarship will be even better for it.” the long conversation about the signifi- His accomplishments and ambitions cance of the computer in our culture place McGann in an important tradi- and in our lives.” tion, according to Willard McCarty, senior lecturer, Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King’s College London, and a member of the award’s selection committee. Noting that the first scholar to apply computers to the study of liter- ature, Father Roberto Busa, once said J EAN AND ROBERT H OLLANDER, that “since man is a child of God and J AMES O'DONNELL, ANN S HULMELDA O KERSON technology is a child of man, I think that God regards technology as a McGann relishes the collaborative grandfather regards his grandchildren,” nature of the Rossetti Archive and of McCarty adds, “but the job of the projects such as the Ivanhoe Game, humanities scholar is to look beyond developed with his colleague Johanna the claims made for technology and the Drucker, a professor of media studies at obvious uses, to question long-term con- the University of Virginia, and a team sequences and implications—and most of graduate students and computer sci- significant of all, to discover how the entists. “In 1965, ’75, and even now for new knowledge-making instrument most people, what you do is you go off empowers our imaginations. The Lyman and write a book by yourself. Of course Award is important because it recognizes

ABOVE: MC G ANN ( L ) RECEIVES A $25,000 CHECK FROM ROBERT C ONNOR

LEFT L TO R: LYNN S ZWAJA, G ORDON C ONWAY, AND A LICE S TONE I LCHMAN OF THE ROCKEFELLER F OUNDATION, J EROME M C G ANN, RICHARD AND J ING LYMAN, ROBERT C ONNOR, AND MASTER OF CEREMONIES B ENNO S CHMIDT

5 Tuttle Honored for High-Tech Service with a Human Touch Alan Tuttle recalls that his marching My most vivid memory of Alan is how orders when he was hired to establish he found common themes for substantive a library service for the yet-to-open conversations with the Fellows. [He is] a person who has great breadth of knowl- National Humanities Center were to edge and who cares about the people with “go be the librarian.” For a quarter cen- whom he works. tury he has done that and more, mak- Harlan Beckley Jessie Ball duPont Fellow 1995–96, ing the Center’s “library without books” Washington and Lee University a model for all other institutions of Always attentive, supportive, and helpful, advanced study, forging crucial and last- Alan helped to make the Humanities ing relationships with the local univer- Center a gregarious, stimulating, and won- sity libraries, establishing a powerful derful place to be. William H. Chafe Fellow 1981–82, interlibrary loan system, and nudging his colleagues at the Center and Alan will always exemplify for me much of throughout the Triangle into the the best of the Center: the intellectual digital age. As the first shock waves of the computer stimulus, the exceptional helpfulness and When Tuttle announced that he revolution shook the Center, everyone kindness of you all. would retire this summer, his colleagues turned to Alan Tuttle for assistance. Later, Andrew Debicki Fellow 1979–80, Jean Houston and Eliza Robertson sur- I read, riding out these waves became part University of Kansas reptitiously contacted many of the 850 of his official duties, but in [1983–84] his My book’s basic ideas owe a lot to Alan status as Mr. Fixit was thrust on him by Fellows who have benefited from his Tuttle’s help. An extraordinary, concerned, consensus. My particular fascination was efforts. From Chapel Hill to Hawaii, caring friend, Alan was indispensable at to convert a manuscript into a mainframe the Center for everyone. England to the Netherlands, Texas to word-processing file using the same Linda Degh Fellow 1990–91, Massachusetts, tributes poured in. obscure program that I had learned just Indiana University Fellows praised Alan’s library expertise, the year before. Alan made that possible I was a Fellow in 1979–80, shortly after of course. But they also cited his way for me, never wavering from his unflap- pable and good-humored courtesy. the Center began operation. Alan was on around a computer, his uncanny ability Michael C. Alexander Fellow 1983–84, the job then, as he has been, indefatigably, to locate a cheap, good-running car, his University of Illinois at Chicago ever since. broad knowledge of religion and seem- William C. Dowling Fellow 1979–80, The ultimate librarian. Rutgers University ingly everything else, and his unstinting Herbert S. Bailey, Jr. Distinguished Visitor, love for the Fellows and their work. Scholarly Publishing, Princeton University Press One of the most sincere and dedicated Almost everyone recalled his sense of people I have ever known … ever ener- About Alan: a wonderful man, a remark- getic, cheerful, and enthusiastic … Alan humor, and William Leuchtenburg able librarian. It was easier for me to work embodied the soul and spirit of the expressed gratitude for his ability (as on central Belgian material—and get more remarkable intellectual enterprise that is an ordained Baptist minister) to bless of it—at the Center than it had been in the National Humanities Center. a lasting union. Brussels. Emory Elliott Fellow 1979–80, Evelyn Barish Walter Hines Page Fellow University of California, Riverside Houston and Robertson—who drew of the Research Triangle Foundation 1993–94, their own share of praise from the City of New York Graduate Center The real guardians of humanities research Fellows who responded—surprised Tuttle and College of Staten Island quality are dedicated and expert librarians like Alan. with a collection of these tributes during I realized that I was talking not just to a Emily Klenin Fellow 1979–80, a ceremony at the Center this spring. A reference librarian, but a colleague in the University of California, Los Angeles sampling of them follows. field of religious history. Alan’s thoughtful attention and insightful comments proved … the real pleasure of having Alan on my incredibly helpful. side … came from the pleasure he so Jodi Bilinkoff Andrew W. Mellon Fellow 1999–2000, manifestly felt in the life of the mind. Alan University of North Carolina at Greensboro joins a long tradition of scholarly librari- ans who have kept learning alive through the centuries. Thomas Laqueur John P. Birkelund Senior Fellow 2000–01, University of California, Berkeley

6 I have had the privilege of being a Fellow It’s been many years … but I remember I think he was something of a cross at three institutions of advanced learning. Alan Tuttle well enough to know that between a priest and a pusher, in the way I have reason to be grateful for the help I (1) he’s still too young to retire, and he proselytized our making effective use received from the librarians at the Wilson (2) everyone will miss his uncanny knack of the incredible library resources he put Center and the Center for Advanced Study to retrieve obscure material quickly, set- at our disposal. Alan wanted to be of in the Behavioral Sciences. But none came ting a standard for interlibrary services assistance. He wanted us to make full use close to matching the skill and devotion of that I have always held up as an example of the library and other resource materi- Alan. to other libraries (this has not made me als. He wanted us to succeed in our William E. Leuchtenburg Andrew W. Mellon Senior popular with the others). For Alan’s sake, research projects. Fellow 1978–81, University of North Carolina at I did not refer to him by name, so that he Larry S. Temkin Andrew W. Mellon Fellow 1984–85, Chapel Hill would escape being told by other librari- Rutgers University ans around the country and across the Alan Tuttle, walking reference encyclope- I had never before had the experience of world to SLOW IT DOWN. dia, computer expert in depth, and receiving such stalwart help in searching ordained minister… He always found time Richard Schiff NEH Fellow 1985–86, for books and obscure articles, and I have University of Texas and patience and enthusiasm for every- never had such help since. Alan lives in thing I wanted. Alan Tuttle is a genius. The evidence is my memory for the depth and versatility Robert Levy Fellow 1990–91, incontrovertible. NO ONE could do the of his assistance to Fellows. University of California, San Diego wonderful work he does while living in Joan Thirsk Fellow 1986–87, an office piled to the ceiling with papers University of Oxford How lucky we Fellows were to depend on going back to the Flood—and never turn someone who was so willing to help us a hair nor fail to respond to any problem. with our work. It was easy to get spoiled I have known this guy now for 21 years. that year, and even harder to realize that Long enough for a child to be born, grow such royal treatment would not follow us up, and leave home. Yet he has never home! failed me whether my question was Martin Melosi Fellow 1982–83, serious or frivolous. Texas A&M University Anne Firor Scott Fellow 1980–81, Duke University [The Center’s library services are] a kind of Platonic form of what such an opera- I am sure [Alan] probably never thought how much he integrated himself into the tion in a research center should be, with [The Center’s library provided] the Alan as its presiding, and genial, daimon. lives of the various Fellows who have passed through the Center over the years. most remarkable service I’ve experienced Richard W. Pfaff John W. Sawyer Fellow, in forty-five years of scholarship. And University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill I remember Alan with great affection and gratitude. He was the consummate librari- you were so incredibly good-humored He always kept our wits sharpened, even an: knowledgeable, inventive, reliable, and throughout. You always made it seem as if as he continually provided us with library extraordinarily generous. Alan’s interests you had the best job in the world, whereas fodder. were so wide ranging that there was not a any sensible librarian would have taught William Rorabaugh Fellow 1983–84, single project to which he couldn’t con- us, rather sternly, that if we didn’t have University of Washington tribute his expertise and good counsel. accurate records we couldn’t expect the What I recall above all is his passionate staff to find our materials for us. I was intellectual curiosity and his enthusiasm greatly touched by the generosity and the for his work. devotion shown to the specialized, even arcane needs of a research fellow. Ronald A. Sharp Fellow 1986–87, Kenyon College Einar Thomassen Fellow 1999–2000, University of Bergen I have often said that being at the National Humanities Center was like being in re- He pursued his simple goal of providing searcher’s heaven and being surrounded everybody with everything they needed by ministering angels. Everyone at the even if they did not yet know they needed Center was wonderful and of great help, it. Alan has been achieving that goal for as but the librarians were the best! Alan led a long as the Center has been alive, and we great crew who answered our every ques- all thank him. tion, went to extraordinary lengths to get Mark Turner NEH Fellow 1989–90, University of Maryland us what we needed, and patiently dealt with all our requests. A walking information booth. Pamela Simpson Jessie Ball duPont Fellow 1996–97, Carl Woodring Fellow 1987–88, Washington and Lee University Columbia University

7 On April 16, 1977, leaders from the academic, business, and public sectors gathered in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, to break ground for the new home of the National Humanities Center. Less than 18 months later, with almost all the glass panes in place, the first group of Fellows began work in the Archie K. Davis Building. On April 16, 2002—approximately 850 Fellows and 800 books later—National Endowment for the Humanities Chairman Bruce Cole gave the keynote address as the Center celebrated the 25th anniversary of the groundbreaking. A selection of photographs from 1977 and 2002 commemorate a successful first quarter century.

TOP ROW: ANOTHER HAPPY GATHERING IN THE P OINT LOUNGE

SECOND ROW L TO R: GENTLEMAN, START YOUR SHOVELS; DUKE U NIVERSITY P RESIDENT T ERRY S ANFORD, UNIVERSITY OF N ORTH C AROLINA P RESIDENT W ILLIAM F RIDAY, AND FOUNDING C HAIRMAN M ORTON B LOOMFIELD PREPARE TO BREAK GROUND

THIRD ROW L TO R: ARCHIE D AVIS AND THE C ENTER' S FIRST D IRECTOR, CHARLES F RANKEL; FOUNDING T RUSTEES C LAUDE M C K INNEY AND J OHN OATES ENJOY A LAUGH OVER PHOTOS OF THE GROUND- BREAKING; ELIZABETH AYCOCK IS FLANKED BY M IMI M C K INNEY, JAMES ROBERSON, AND E DMUND AYCOCK

BOTTOM ROW: 2001–02 FELLOWS OPINE THAT THEIRS IS THE BEST CLASS YET A LITERARY EVENING ROXANA ROBINSON, A N ATIONAL H UMANITIES C ENTER T RUSTEE FROM 1995–2001, READ FROM HER NEW NOVEL, S WEETWATER, DURING A RECEPTION AT THE R IVER C LUB IN N EW YORK C ITY ON F EBRUARY 28

S CENES FROM THE SPRING B OARD OF T RUSTEES MEETING, MARCH 21–22

RIGHT: DIRECTOR ROBERT C ONNOR CONFERS WITH T RUSTEE E MERITUS ROBERT G OHEEN

SECOND ROW L TO R: PAULINE Y U , K ATHARINE PARK, AND C AROLINE B YNUM; KIRK VARNEDOE GIVES AN ART HISTORIAN' S PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE IN N EW YORK C ITY AFTER S EPTEMBER 11

THIRD ROW L TO R: CHAIRMAN J OHN B IRKELUND, CONRAD P LIMPTON, JOHN M EDLIN, AND A SSAD M EYMANDI WITH C ALLIE C ONNOR AND ROBERT G OHEEN

BOTTOM ROW L TO R: LOCAL FRIEND LOIS A NDERSON WITH T RUSTEES D AVID H OLLINGER AND C OLIN PALMER; NEW T RUSTEE H ERBERT “PUG” W INOKUR AND C AROLINE WALKER B YNUM

9 Thinking About Things Long before Martha Stewart sold her Focusing on the British, who had the histories have focused on whether first magazine, Syrie Maugham intro- highest average standard of living in consumption gets women out of the duced a newly prosperous class of home the world from the middle of the 19th house or it keeps them at home, Cohen decorators to the joys of “white-on- century until World War II, Cohen is says. “I think that both of these models white.” So famous was the erstwhile wife exploring how wealth changed people’s miss what is key about the transforma- of W. Somerset Maugham that she and perception of themselves, how the tion, which is the possibility of seeing her business empire were known simply “moral compass” for which Victorians your possessions in terms of pleasure.” by her first name. Brought up in an were so famous shifted as Loftie’s grays Through another interesting conflu- evangelical household, Syrie was the and Biblical inscriptions gave way to ence of events, Cohen found herself at inevitable rebellious stepchild of a gener- Syrie’s all-white villa on the Riviera. the National Humanities Center at the ation of reform-minded home-design Before the Great Exhibition of 1851, same time as a number of other scholars consultants best characterized by the Cohen explains, the English were likely concerned with material culture. These Rev. W.J. Loftie, who raised the cultiva- to see a household as an expression of scholars—Nicholas Frankel (Allen W. tion of taste to a “moral duty.” (Loftie’s the morality of the people who lived in Clowes Fellow), John Plotz (Carl and decorating tips tended toward somber it. As the 19th century progressed—and Lily Pforzheimer Foundation Fellow), grays and stenciled quotes from the as Ruskin and Morris supplanted the Mark Parker (Jesse Ball DuPont Fellow), Book of Job.) evangelicals as arbiters of taste—what Michael Kwass (Gould Foundation The time and place that produced this the house increasingly displayed was per- Fellow), and Cohen—formed a regular clash of celebrity designers and gave rise sonality — to a new class of consumers—England something between the Great Exhibition of 1851 the owners and the Second World War—is the sub- could shape ject of Household Gods: A History of the and change— British and Their Possessions, the book rather than Deborah Cohen has worked on during a a rigid set 2001–02 National Endowment for the of moral Humanities Fellowship at the National standards. Humanities Center. Sifting through a “Character wealth of autobiographical materials, cat- is internal,” alogs, and museum-piece furnishings, Cohen says. Cohen will examine how people thought “But person- about, shopped for, and decorated their ality is something you are able to glean lunchtime seminar. This “Thinking homes during a period in which the cru- from the way that people hold them- Things” group, which has focused on cial societal question shifted from “Who selves or the way that they talk or the theoretical approaches, has been a great are you?” to “What have you?” way their house looks. It is much more help, Cohen says. “I think all of us have The young scholar, who teaches histo- intimately bound up with things.” come to realize the sorts of practical dif- ry at American University, became inter- Desiring and finding pleasure in ficulties involved in projects about con- ested in the consumers of Victorian things, a dreadful sin to a mid-19th- sumption.” With no central archive to England while researching her first book, century cleric, was by the 1880s an ac- visit, Cohen says, everyone who is study- The War Come Home: Disabled Veterans cepted topic of conversation. And with ing consumption in the age before mass in Britain and Germany, 1914-39 a confluence of events ranging from opinion polling must fall back on (University of California Press, 2001). suburbanization to Oscar Wilde’s trial, published primary sources—diaries, women were increasingly the ones who autobiographies, and letters. “All of expressed themselves through the things us are interested in the question of the they bought for their houses. Earlier relationship between the person and their belongings, and all of us grapple with the problem in different ways depending on the period,” she says. “So it’s been great.”

10 Summer Reading List Each spring News of the National Donald DeBats (NEH Fellow and his says, “I'll be reading two non-fiction Humanities Center asks the Fellows and class’ Australian representative) recom- works about the slave trade and its lega- staff to share a list of books they have mends We Were the Mulvaneys by Joyce cy: The Atlantic Sound by Caryl Phillips enjoyed at the beach during past vaca- Carol Oates (Plume, 1996), calling it [Vintage, 2001], and The Diligent: A tions, or are planning to enjoy during “a compelling reminder of the fragility Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade [Basic Books, 2001] by Robert the summer ahead. (Even Fellows from of the worlds we create.” Harms.” Australia who are about to leave North Gaurav Desai (NEH Fellow) has three Carolina to winter in the Southern books packed for the beach: The Book Orin Starn (Duke Endowment Fellow) Hemisphere are encouraged to con- of Saladin, a historical novel by Tariq calls Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches tribute.) This year, as always, the list Ali (Verso, 1999), based on the Muslim You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, balances a little bit of mind candy with leader who fought against the Crusaders; Her American Doctors, and the Collision lots of food for thought. In keeping with The Glass Palace (Random House, between Two Cultures (Farrar Straus & 2002), Amitav Ghosh’s exploration of Giroux, 1998) “a beautiful, important the summer spirit, editions listed are the British rule of India and the connec- piece of writing and a terrific read.” in paperback when available. tions between India and Burma; and Director Robert Connor seconds the rec- Winifred Breines (who goes by “Wini” Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh ommendation, adding “It resonates with when she’s on vacation, and has also (Pantheon, 1997), which looks at the many other historical treatments of been known as a Rockefeller Fellow aftermath of the Islamic and Jewish epilepsy, including the Hippocratic during the past year) plans to read exodus from 15th-century Spain and treatise ‘The Sacred Disease.’” its connections to India. a memoir, Are You Somebody?: The Returning to his interest in the litera- Accidental Memoir of a Dublin Woman Bernard Gert (Frank H. Kenan Fellow) ture of mysticism, Robert Wright (Vice by Nuala O’Faolain (Owl Books, 1999), recommends Ian McEwan’s Amsterdam President for Communications and and three works of fiction: The Amaz- (Anchor, 1999), opining that it “would Development) plans to finish Mark ing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay by probably make a good tragic slapstick Salzman’s Lying Awake (Knopf, 2000), Michael Chabon (Picador USA, 2001), movie.” the story of Sister John of the Cross, Look at Me by Jennifer Egan a Carmelite nun in contemporary Los Mitchell Green (Burkhardt Fellow of the (, 2001), and Prodigal Angeles who has remarkable visions, but American Council of Learned Societies) Summer, by Barbara Kingsolver faces a difficult decision when she learns will ponder Jonathan Glover’s Humanity: (Harper Perenniel, 2001). they may be manifestations of a critical A Moral History of the Twentieth Century Sylvia Berryman (National Endowment medical condition that, if treated, would (Yale University Press, 2001), and The for the Humanities Fellow) is looking risk the loss of her spiritual gifts. Stories of Breece D’J Pancake, which Back forward to re-reading Divine Secrets of Bay Books will reissue in July with a new the Ya-Ya Sisterhood by Rebecca Wells foreword and afterword by André Dubus (HarperCollins, 1997). “I gather there’s III. Pancake was a promising 26-year-old a movie about to come out—I hope it’s writer when he took his own life in as good as the book,” she says. 1979. Prompted by a discussion with Lewis Virginia Guilfoile (Assistant Director for Dabney (GlaxoSmithKline Senior Fellow), Development) recommends Personal Luca Boschetto (William J. Bouwsma History, Katharine Graham’s autobio- Fellow) plans to reread some of the graphy (Vintage Books, 1998). works of the Italian novelist Ignazio Silone, particularly Fontamara (collected Sean McCann (Burkhardt Fellow of the in The Abruzzo Trilogy: Bread and Wine, American Council of Learned Societies) Fontamara, and the Seed Beneath the reports that “On hearty recommenda- One More Semester Snow, translated by Eric Mosbacher, tion from respected friends, I plan to for Connor Steerforth Press, 2000). Silone was a read Dava Sobel’s Longitude: The True John Birkelund, Chairman of the Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the longtime friend of Edmund Wilson National Humanities Center’s Board who makes an appearance in Edmund Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time of Trustees, has announced that W. Wilson, American: A Life and an Age [Penguin USA, 1996].” Robert Connor, originally scheduled to in Literature, Dabney’s project at the Perhaps planning a busman’s holiday, Center this year. retire this summer, has agreed to remain historian Jon Sensbach (NEH Fellow) in office through December 31, 2002.

11 Education Programs Heat Up as Summer Approaches With summer approaching, the another standards-based topic. environment, is “The Effects of Removal Education Programs are preparing for High school teachers in North on American Indian Tribes,” by Clara the second session of the Standards-Based Carolina and elsewhere will test the sec- Sue Kidwell, Professor of History and Professional Development Seminars, a ond toolbox during the coming school Director of the Native American Studies new program that combines the face-to- year. In subsequent years, the Center program at the University of Oklahoma face, intensive study of the Center’s sum- plans to expand the program to other in Norman (http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/ mer institutes for high school teachers states, focusing on broadly applicable tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/indi- with the Internet’s ability to link teachers standards that both English and history anremoval.htm). and scholars around the country. teachers can use. TeacherServe®’s latest thumbs-up comes Last summer 12 American literature With its newest program off to a good from History Matters, a publication of the and American history teachers from start, the Education Programs continue National Council for History Education, North Carolina high schools came to the to add new essays to TeacherServe®, its Inc. In a top-ten ranking of essential web Center for two weeks to test a new type on-line, interactive curriculum enhance- sites for history teachers at any level, of summer institute. Each morning they ment service for high school teachers. Russell Olwell, assistant professor of his- explored regionalism and nationalism The newest addition to “Nature Trans- tory at Eastern Michigan University, list- in 19th-century America, a topic drawn formed,” which explores how Americans ed TeacherServe® at number two. The full from U.S. history standards, under the have interpreted and interacted with their list is reprinted below with Professor direction of W. Fitzhugh Brundage Olwell’s permission. (National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow 1995–96) and Lucinda MacKethan (Andrew W. Mellon TOP TEN SITES FOR HISTORY TEACHERS & STUDENTS Fellow 1984–85). There are many excellent web sites for history teachers. However, for most teachers, the Participants reconvened each after- number of sites is overwhelming, and the quality of sites varies immensely. The best sites noon to help the Center’s staff shape provide teachers with ideas and also provide enough material for students to do their own the morning’s readings, questions, and research on the web. The following are essential sites for history teachers at any level: discussion into a “toolbox” that could 10. http://www.common-place.org/ This site covers topics for teaching early U.S. history and be shared over the World Wide Web. includes essays, documents, teaching ideas, and a message board to exchange ideas. Any During the 2001–02 school year English one issue can contain historical mysteries, fiction, and other innovative media for teaching and learning history. The site changes every month, and you can register for an email and history teachers in high schools update about new material. across North Carolina, collaborating 9. http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/ This is the best overall site for U.S. history, which with scholars from branches of the includes resources, teaching ideas, links, syllabi, and student projects. University of North Carolina, and teach- 8. http://www.history.org/nche The National Council for History Education is the major ers in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, working organization for K–College history teachers. The site includes resources and teaching tips. with scholars from Dickinson College, 7. http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/ This site includes units for history, as well as detailed have tested the kit, using its on-line texts, skill and chronological standards in both U.S. and world history. It also provides a link to the National Center for History in the Schools’ bookstore, which sells a series of excellent discussion questions, and reading guides units for educators of grades 5–12. to customize their own local professional 6. http://edsitement.neh.gov/ This site, compiled by the National Endowment for the development seminars. (See the toolbox, Humanities, lists federal resources for teaching history. and read more about the program, at 5. http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/vshadow/ This pioneering site includes an archive of http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/sbpds/sbpds.htm.) documents related to the Civil War, as well as teaching suggestions for using them in class This summer, a new group of teachers and examples of student projects. The Valley is also exemplary as a constructivist teaching tool, as it is designed for teachers and students to bring their own questions to its archive will share the seminar experience at the of information. Center and create a second toolbox. 4. http://memory.loc.gov The digital collection of the Library of Congress is growing weekly Led by Robert Ferguson of Columbia and is noteworthy for its inclusion of music, recording, map, and photographic resources, University (NEH Fellow 1994–95) and as well as text items. Christine Heyrman of the University of 3. http://www.nara.gov/education/classrm.html This National Archives web site includes Delaware (Andrew W. Mellon Fellow resources for students to learn more about U.S. history and primary sources. 1985–86), they will study “Living the 2. http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/tserve.htm This site, hosted by the National Humanities Revolution, America: 1789–1820,” Center, includes essays on major topics in world history. 1. http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/index.html The Scout Report includes current resources in history and other social sciences, as well as documentation of current events. The site contains a useful search function. Brady continued from page 2 around 1500 between that era and the Islamic jurist, that it is principally kingdoms of France and England. When Middle Ages, we emphasize continuity through religion that “hearts become I realized this, I understood how con- between the two eras. This perspective united.” This meeting of hearts creates trived was the notion that there are has come fairly naturally to German his- a community. The difference between a national destinies. Why, for example, torians because of their people’s revolu- community and, say, a kin group is that shouldn’t there be a Sicilian nation? Why tionary experience during the mid-20th communities are constituted by an act is there no Scottish nation? The Holy century. To the Germans, the premodern of will, symbolized by the oath. The Roman Empire after the Reformation past looks more remote than it does to oath is sworn to God, not to the state. It could not generate a sense of national other peoples. In the course of working involves the notion of keeping the peace community comparable to those that on this book, I followed a path away so that disputes go to law rather than to appeared in some other kingdoms. from the old paradigm of national devel- decision by arms. To understand this is When we come to the late 18th and opment—the natural development of to see that the degree of individualism 19th centuries, we might suppose the peoples into a politically empowered that the old histories of the Protestant Germans a supremely likely candidate nationhood—which forms the core Reformation ascribed to people was for nationhood. They are literate, they political concept of Western Civilization. socially impossible. This is why atheism have a common language. But the ways If the émigrés, the refugees from Hitler’s was so threatening, because they believed in which they understand the most Germany, did not plant it here, they at that justice, and hence the law, came essential values of life, a function of reli- least greatly reinforced this idea. I am from God, which guaranteed that it gion, are mutually incomprehensible, one of the youngest spiritual children of would not be arbitrary. They refused to even incompatible. Unlike the Spanish, those refugees. They were mostly gone obey laws they felt were arbitrary, and French, English, Scots, Danes, and from the faculties by 1970; I took my the rulers were not powerful enough, in Swedes, the Germans did not have a sin- Ph.D. in 1968. By then I was becoming most cases, to force significant groups to gle national religion, they had two. We dissatisfied with the story of Western his- obey. Hence, all governments welcomed can now see that the political task faced tory focused on national development, and even demanded religious legitimacy. by the creators of modern Germany was because it no longer made enough sense. Unlike England and France, where the an impossible one. By the 1890s king could heal with his touch, in Germany possessed the most powerful At the center of your book is the idea that Germany the king-emperor had no economy in the Eastern Hemisphere, the religious and political experiences of inherent sacrality. When Martin Luther but they had a very weak state and no the various German peoples created identities that were too strong to be denied the sacral character of the church, time to build a stronger one, much less eclipsed by a unitary state and its nation- religious legitimacy could be transferred a democratic one. The 19th-century al community, so these lands were never to the many rulers. They had God’s European model, too, was not promis- forced under the Western pattern of cen- command to keep order, though they ing, for it prescribed a centralized state, tralization. had nothing to do with individual salva- a very powerful army, and an empire. One of the barriers to understanding tion. This transfer greatly strengthened With such a ramshackle political system, people as they understand themselves, a the authority of the weakly legitimated you couldn’t keep up with the British. central task of the historian, is a concep- princes and cities of the Holy Roman tion of religion and politics as different Empire. Resistance to such rulers did not What did it take to form these disparate peoples into a nation? things rather than as selections, each threaten one’s soul, except that formerly with its internal logic, from a common legitimate resistance was now made sin- Try to imagine the of repertory of traditions, beliefs, and expe- ful. More important, this transfer left no America, not its original formation, but riences. Both what we call politics and other basis for political community other what it became in the 19th century, had what we call religion are vital to peoples’ than obedience to existing authority. The there been no dominant religious cul- ability to cooperate and form communi- German Reformation’s neutralization of ture. I don’t mean churches but the reli- ties. This is obvious to us with respect to the medieval principle of government by gious-political culture that defended politics—our republic based itself on the consent of the governed, I came to real- slavery but also demanded abolition and principle of consent—but among peo- ize, closed the door on the possibility of women’s suffrage. To this culture all new ples more generally it is even truer of forming a community either by com- Americans had, in some sense, to be religion. It was beautifully stated by the mon agreement, like a medieval urban Ibn Khaldun, the great 14th-century commune, or through the ruler, as in the continued on page 16

13 Kudos A sampling of good news from our Trustees and Fellows

Peter Bardaglio (Jessie Ball duPont American Historians. Harris is Professor Samuel Kerstein (NEH Fellow Fellow 1999–2000) will leave Goucher and Chair of the Department of History 1999–2000) reports good news on sev- College on June 30 to become Provost at the University of New Hampshire. eral fronts. He and his wife, Liza, had of Ithaca College. The other William Harris to hold a fel- a son, Eli, on December 13, 2001; he William C. Brumfield (National lowship at the Center, William V. Harris has received tenure at the University Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (Andew W. Mellon Fellow 1998–99), of Maryland; and his fellowship project, 1992–93) has two new books: Zhilishche has been named a Fellow of the The Derivation of the Categorical v Rossii: vek XX (Moscow: Tri kvadrata, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Imperative: On the Foundations of 2001), the Russian edition of the book Other Fellows and Trustees of the Kantian Ethics, is almost ready to go Russian Housing in the Modern Age, edit- Center honored in the Academy’s class to press. ed by William C. Brumfield and Blair of 2002 include Ann Douglas (Fellow James J. O’Donnell (Trustee) will leave A. Ruble (Cambridge University Press, 1978–79), Robert A. Ferguson (NEH the University of Pennsylvania on June 1993), with design and layout by Fellow 1994–95), David Levering Lewis 30 to become Provost of Georgetown Moscow artist Sergei Miturich, a new (Fellow 1983–84), Bernard J. McGinn University. He also serves as President- foreword and afterword, and some new (Lilly Fellow in Religion and the Elect of the American Philological illustrative material; and Commerce in Humanities 1999–2000), Katharine Park Association. Russian Urban Culture 1861–1914, edit- (Trustee), and Carl H. Pforzheimer III W. Alan Tuttle, Library Director, is ed by William Craft Brumfield, Boris V. (Trustee). the winner of the 2002 Meritorious Anan'ich and Yuri A. Petrov (Woodrow Trudier Harris-Lopez (Fellow 1993–94) Achievement Award from the North Wilson Center and Johns Hopkins has received the 2002 Eugene Current Carolina Chapter of the Special Libraries University Press, 2001). Also in print Garcia Award from the Alabama Writers Association. (For more kind words about are two new Russian catalogues from Symposium. The award recognizes Alan Tuttle, see p. 6.) exhibits of Brumfield’s photographs Alabamians who have distinguished of the Russian north. themselves in scholarly writing on lit- W. Fitzhugh Brundage (NEH Fellow erary topics. A native of Tuscaloosa, 1995–96) has accepted an appointment Harris-Lopez is J. Carlyle Sitterson In Memoriam in the history department of the Professor of English at the University Thomas A. Sebeok (Fellow 1980–81), University of North Carolina at of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. a pioneer in the field of semiotics and Chapel Hill. The winter 2001 News of the National Distinguished Professor emeritus of Graeme Clarke (Fellow 1991–92) Humanities Center noted that Michael linguistics and semiotics at Indiana presented the Trendall Lecture at the Honey (NEH Fellow 1995–96) has won University, died at his home on University of Sydney, an annual lecture three prizes for his book Black Workers December 21, 2001. Sebeok also served given by a Distinguished Fellow on a Remember: An Oral History of Segregation, as chairman of the university’s Research topic related to classical studies. His Unionism, and the Freedom Struggle Center for Language and Semiotic topic was Jebel Khalid on the Euphrates (University of California Press, 1999). Studies, was a professor of anthropology in North Syria: Excavating and Interpret- To these he has added a fourth, the and of Uralic and Altaic Studies, and was ing the Hellenistic Governor’s Palace. Washington State Book Award, admin- a fellow of the Folklore Institute. A native Clarke is currently a visiting Fellow in istered by the Seattle Public Library for of Budapest, Hungary, Sebeok published the history department at the Australian outstanding books by Washington writ- a number of works in semiotics, linguis- National University. ers. Honey is the Harry Bridges Chair tics, and related fields. Animal Communi- Gaurav Desai (NEH Fellow 2001–02) of Labor Studies at the University of cation, which he edited during a fellow- has received tenure at Tulane University, Washington. ship at the National Humanities Center, where he teaches in the department of studied the transmission of information English and American literature. among animals. The book J. William Harris (Fellow 1996–97) wrote at the Center, Deep Souths: Delta, Piedmont, and Sea Island Society in the Age of Segregation ( Press, 2001), was a finalist for the 2002 Pulitzer Prize in T HE N ORTH C AROLINA S CHOOL History. It is also the winner of the OF THE A RTS Theodore Saloutos Memorial Book J AZZ QUINTET, Award from the Agricultural History 8 UP F RONT, PROVIDED Society and the co-winner of the James ENTERTAINMENT A. Rawley Prize, for a book on race rela- AT A PICNIC CONCERT ON T HURSDAY, tions, given by the Organization of M AY 2.

14 Recent Books by Fellows Bernstein, Michael A. (Fellow 1989–90). Ideology of Anger Control in Classical A Perilous Progress: Economists and Public Antiquity. Cambridge: Harvard University Purpose in Twentieth-Century America. Press, 2001. Princeton: Princeton University Press, Janken, Kenneth Robert (Rockefeller 2001. Fellow 2000–01). Rope and Faggot: Elshtain, Jean Bethke (Lilly Endowment A Biography of Judge Lynch. By Walter Fellow in Religion and the Humanities White. With a new introduction 2000–01). Jane Addams and the Dream by Kenneth Robert Janken. Notre of American Democracy: A Life. New York: Dame: University of Notre Dame Basic Books, 2002. Press, 2001.

Grendler, Paul F. (Fellow 1988–89; Murphy, Liam (Archie K. Davis Senior 1989–90). The Universities of the Italian Fellow 2000–01). The Myth of Ownership: Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Taxes and Justice. By Liam Murphy and University Press, 2002. Thomas Nagel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Harris, Trudier (Fellow 1996–97). Saints, Sinners, Saviors: Strong Black Women in Ray, William (National Endowment for African American Literature. New York: the Humanities Fellow 1996–97). The Palgrave, 2001. Logic of Culture: Authority and Identity in the Modern Era. New Perspectives Harris, William V. (Andrew W. Mellon on the Past. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. Fellow 1998–99). Restraining Rage: The

2002–03 Fellows continued from page 3

Paula Ann Sanders History, Rice Mart Allen Stewart History, Western University, Making Cairo Medieval Washington University, Climate and Culture in American History David H. Schimmelpenninck History, Brock University, Russian Orientalism: Peter T. Struck Classics, University Asia in the Russian Mind from Catherine of Pennsylvania, Divination and the Great to the Emigration Greek Hermeneutics

Moshe Sluhovsky History, Hebrew Sigrún Svavarsdóttir Philosophy, University of Jerusalem, Israel, Possessed Ohio State University, Value Concepts Women, Mysticism, and Discernment and Objectivity of Spirits in Early Modern Europe Joseph E. Taylor History, Iowa State Erin Ann Smith American Studies, University, “Pilgrims of the Vertical”: University of Texas at Dallas, Souls and Yosemite Rock Climbing and Modern Commodities: Spirituality and Print Environmental Culture Culture in 20th Century America Bernard Mano J. Wasserstein History,

Faith Lois Smith English, Brandeis University of Glasgow, Scotland, U.K., A N UNTITLED EXAMPLE FROM S HINY N EW University, Making Modern Subjects: Krakowiec: Jews and Their Neighbors in WORKS, M ICHAEL H OUSTON’ S COLLECTION Cultural and Intellectual Formation, a Small Town in Eastern Galicia, OF NEW WORK ON PAPER, ALUMINUM PANELS, AND VINYL SCROLLS, WHICH WAS ON DISPLAY Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad, 1880–1910 1772–1946 IN THE A RCHIE K. DAVIS BUILDING FROM M ARCH THROUGH M AY. HOUSTON, A Helen Solterer French, Duke University, Annabel Jane Wharton Art History, WIDELY EXHIBITED ARTIST NOW LIVING Playing the Dead: Theatrical Revivals of Duke University, Selling Jerusalem: IN B ROOKLYN, NEW YORK, IS THE SON OF J EAN H OUSTON OF THE C ENTER’ S the Medieval Past in Modern-Day France Towards an Historical Economy of Images LIBRARY STAFF.

15 Brady continued from page 13

News of the acculturated. The Germans lacked a two colossal errors wrecked for a long National Humanities Center common political culture, in part time efforts to build a strongly cohesive is published three times a year because they lacked a common religion. political consensus based on mutual and distributed to friends of the National It was not enough to define the nation respect. The German outcome can be Humanities Center. Robert E. Wright, Vice President negatively, as resentful victims of French seen and understood only through the for Communications and Development invasion and occupation. In politics, lens of comparative history. I strongly David B. Rice, Associate Director 19th-century Germany experienced a believe in comparative history as the for Communications, Editor Virginia Guilfoile, Assistant Director standoff determined by the confessions, only way a stranger can understand for Development which stemmed from the Reformation strange histories. For this reason I do not Susan E. Adesman, Executive Assistant for Communications and Development era. A weakly organized Protestant define myself as a German historian. I Karen Carroll, Copyeditor majority tried to dominate a strongly happened to have been sentenced to organized Catholic minority—about write German history, mainly by those 7 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12256 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2256 one-third of the population. Bismarck refugees from Hitler’s Germany who tel 919-549-0661, fax 919-990-8535 failed to accomplish this, and he also drew me into the subject. www.nhc.rtp.nc.us

failed later against the Socialists. These Design: Lesley Landis Designs Photography: Ron Jautz, Kent Mullikin, Andrew Ross

Events at the National Humanities Center, Summer 2002 In the next News of the

June 2–June 21 Jessie Ball duPont Summer Seminars for Liberal Arts National Humanities College Faculty Center Things Which Are Caesar’s, Things Which Are God’s: Religion, Liberal Democracy, and the Public Forum led by Paul Weithman (Frank H. Kenan Lewis Dabney discusses Edmund Fellow 2000–01), University of Notre Dame Wilson and his American era, You Must Remember This: The Creation and Uses of Cultural Memory led by Andrew Delbanco and Charles Capper Thomas Laqueur (John P. Birkelund Senior Fellow 2000–01), University of California, Berkeley preview the new Lilly Endowment June 24–July 5 Summer Institute for High School Teachers program in religion and the human- Living the Revolution, America: 1789-1820 led by Robert Ferguson (National ities, photos of the 2002-03 Fellows, Endowment for the Humanities Fellow 1994–95), Columbia University, and and much more. Christine Heyrman (Andrew W. Mellon Fellow 1985–86), University of Delaware

September 3 2002–03 Fellowship Year Begins

7 Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 919-549-0661 www.nhc.rtp.nc.us

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