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42Ws126, the Watchman Site, Zion National Park, Utah

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42Ws126, the Watchman Site, Zion National Park, Utah UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2001 Excavation and interpretation: 42Ws126, the Watchman Site, Zion National Park, Utah Suzanne Beryl Eskenazi University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Eskenazi, Suzanne Beryl, "Excavation and interpretation: 42Ws126, the Watchman Site, Zion National Park, Utah" (2001). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/aswx-y8yq This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI* Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included In the original manuscript are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was microfilmed as received. 65 (Fig. 7 Feature 7, Trench wall profile) This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. EXCAVATION AND INTERPRETATION: 42Wsl26. THE WATCHMAN SITE ZION NATIONAL PARK. UTAH bv Suzanne Beryl Eskenazi Bachelor of Arts University of New Mexico ' 1997 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillm ent of the requirement for the .Master of Arts Degree Department of .Anthropology College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; 1411176 UMI UMI Microform 1411176 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Suzatine B. Eskenazi 2002 A ll Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thesis Approval IJNIV I 111' I ir.ulii.iti' L olli'i;i' L niMT'.iti i'( \i'\.iil.i, I .1' \i'>’.i' March 15 02 I hi' I hi"'!'' pri'pari'ii h\ Suzanne 8. Eskenazi Entitled Excavation and Interpretation: 42Wsl26, The Watchman Site Zion National Park, Utah Is jp p rt'i I'll Hi p.irtM l tiiltillm i'tit n( thi' ri'ijuiri'tiii'iits tor thi' ili'i^rri' ut Master of Arts in Anthropology ot the Cnhiiiete Co!le-^e iXiUnnuitioii CoiJiniittcc M r/ulvr i..\iim!)ial!oii CoiiiDuttir \ \c)iibL\ i^,radiii!tc CofL\cTiitultu Rcprc^ciütitiir Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Excavation and Interpretation: 42\Vsl26, The Watchman Site Zion National Park, Utah by Suzanne Bery l Eskenazi Dr. Vicki Cassman. Examination Committee Chair .Assistant Professor of .Anthropology University of Nevada. Las \ esas Excavations at 42VVsl26. a Virgin .Anasazi site in Zion National Park. Utah, were conducted for three weeks in the summer of 2(XX) by archaeologists from the Desert Research Institute in Las Vegas, Nevada, along w ith high school students and teachers from Nevada and southern Utah as part of a public outreach program. The site consists of aboveground and subsurface storage units and heanh features; no evidence for habitation was encountered. The architecture, ceramic, lithic. and ground stone assemblages indicate small-scale, short-term use of the site. Radiocarbon dates from charred material, the presence of both early and later ceramic types, and the architectural arrangement and construction methods indicate use during Pueblo 1 ( A.D. 800-1000) and late Pueblo II to early Pueblo III periods (.A.D. 1000-1150). A model for public interpretation of42W sl26, w hich includes designs for way side signs and a brochure, is proposed. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ni LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS......................................................................................................... i\ CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................. 10 Southwestern Archaeology ..........................................................................................10 Virgin Anasazi .............................................................................................................. 12 Chronology ................................................................................................................... 13 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 14 Virgin Anasazi Sites .....................................................................................................15 Environmental Setting o f Zion National Park ..........................................................35 Virgin Anasazi in Zion National Park .......................................................................39 The Watchman Site ....................... 48 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY..............................................................................50 Excavation of Architecture ...............................................................................50 Laboratory Analysis - Ground Stone .......................................................................52 Laboratory Analysis - Ceramics .............................................................................. 55 Laboratory Analy sis - L ith ics ...................................................................................56 Laboratory Analysis - Flotation Samples ................................................................ 58 Laboratory Analysis - Radiocarbon D ating............................................................60 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS............................................................... 62 Architecture ..................................................................................................................62 Ground Stone ................................................................................................................71 Ceramics....................................................................................................................... 78 Lithics........................................................................................................................... 85 Macrobotanical Remains ............................................................................................ 92 Radiocarbon Dates ....................................................................................................... 95 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION...................................................................................... 97 Architecture ..................................................................................................................97 Ground Stone .............................................................................................................. 100 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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