The Boxwood Bulletin

A Quarterly Devoted to Man's Oldest Garden Ornamental

An entrance to the boxwood display gardens at Kimberly Boxwood Gardens, Wilsonville, Oregon. See article. page 52. (Photo: Mrs. Robert L Frackelton)

IN THIS ISSUE

Boxwood Leafminer, Monarthropalpus. Gabe d'Eustachio ...... 43 Four Recently Registered Boxwood Cultivars, Lynn R. Batdorf ...... 45 ABS Supports Boxwood Genetics Research Project, Henry F. Frierson. M.D ...... 47 Reducing Synonyms of Infraspecific Nomenclature, Lynn R. Batdorf ...... 48 Correspondence, Decca Frackelton ...... 52 News of the Society ...... 62 Notices ...... 63

January 1999 Volume 38. Number 3 The American Boxwood Society

The American Boxwood Society is a not-for-profit organiza­ Available Publications: tion founded in 1961 and devoted to the appreciation, scien­ tific understanding and propagation of the genus Buxus L. Back issues of The Boxwood Bulletin (thru Vol. 37) (ea~h) $ 4 Boxwood Handbook: A Practical Guide (Revised)** $ I7 Officers: Boxwood Buyer's Guide (4th Edition) $ 6 International Registration List of Cultivated Buxus L $ 3 PRESIDENT: Index to The Boxwood Bulletin 1961-1986 $ IO Mr. Thomas Saunders Piney River, Va. Index to The Boxwood Bulletin 1986-1991 $ 4 VICE-PRESIDENTS: Index to The Boxwood Bulletin 1991-1996 $ 3 Mr. Charles Fooks Salisbury, Md. Publications may be ordered from Mrs. K. D. Ward, ABS Mr. Daniel Moses St. Louis, Mo. Treasurer, 134 Methodist Church Lane, West Augusta, VA SECRETARY: 24485-2053. **Price includes tax, postage and handling. Mrs. Sigrid Harriman Fredericksburg, Va. EXECUTIVE TREASURER: Contributions: Mrs. Katherine D. Ward West Augusta, Va. Gifts to the Society are tax-deductible and may be undesig­ REGISlRAR: nated or applied to: Mr. Lynn R. Batdorf Washington, D.C. Boxwood Memorial Garden Fund DlRECfORS: Boxwood Manual Fund Mr. John W. Boyd III (2001) Roanoke Va. Boxwood Research Fund Mr. Scot Butler (2000) Winchester, Va. Mrs. Robert L. FrackeIton (2000) Fredericksburg, Va. Correspondence: Dr. Henry Frierson (2000) Charlottesville, Va. For address changes, memberships, dues, contributions, or to Mr. Richard D. Mahone (2001) Williamsburg, Va. order back issues or publications, write: Mr. Ian Robertson (1999) Charlottesville, Va. Mr. Jiin W. Saunders (1999) Piney River, Va. Treasurer, The American Boxwood Society Mr. Clyde Weber (1999) Bentleyville, Pa. P.O. Box 85, Boyce, Va. 22620-0085 Mr. Steve Zapton (2001) Port Republic, Va. For general information about the Society, advice concerning EX-OFFICIO: boxwood problems or cultivar selection, write to The Ameri­ Dr. Michael Bowers Boyce, Va. can Boxwood Society at the same address. You are also welcome to write directly to the President: BULLETIN EDITOR: John S. McCarthy St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Thomas Saunders 2498 Tye Brook Hwy. Memberships: Piney View, Va. 22964 Memberships forthe year May through April include $16 for four quarterly issues of The Boxwood Bulletin: Call for Papers:

Individual $25 Sustaining $75 Technical articles, news, history, lore, notes, and photographs Family $35 Life $500 concerning boxwood specimens, gardens or plantings are· Contributing $50 solicited for possible publication in The. Boxwood Bulletin. Material should be submitted to: Non-member SUbscriptions for groups and institutions, such Chairman, Bulletin Committee as botanic gardens and libraries, are $25 by the calendar 1714 Greenway Drive year as established or current year for new subscriptions. Fredericksburg, Va. 22401-5209

The Boxwood Bulletin (ISSN 0006 8535) is published quarterly for $16.00 per year by The American Boxwood Society, Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Va. 22620. Periodicals postage paid at Boyce, Va. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Boxwood Bulletin, P.O. Box 85, Boyce, Va. 22620. The Bulletin is printed by M-J Printers, Fredericksburg, Va. Boxwood Leafminer, Monarthropalpus flavus New Research on Chemical Control Gabe d'Eustachio

Over the past few years The Ameri­ molasses/nicotine sulfate were coinciding with emergence of adult can Boxwood Society has been applied at the first sign of adult leafminers seems to be important, supporting the research of Mr. Gabe emergence. Cyanide fumigation was although not essential, for effective d'Eustachio, a graduate student at done in the fall when plant growth control. the University of Maryland who is had slowed to reduce damage to plant To test the effectiveness of doing his masters thesis on the box­ tissue. different pesticides and different wood leafminer. This is the second Modem control is usually at­ times of application, trials were article detailing his work on the use tempted with a contact insecticide for initiated during the summer of 1995. ofpesticides to control boxwood adults and systemic insecticide to leafminer in landscape settings. control larvae (Brewer 1980, Batdorf METHODS 1994). Brewer (1980) tested Soldep, Boxwood plants fonn a key part of pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic), and Two trials were conducted to test numerous landscape settings. Fortu­ omethoate (Folimat). Pirimiphos­ the efficacy of different pesticides nately, it has few arthropod pests. The methyl seemed to provide reasonably applied at different stages of box­ three pests of economic significance good control. Schread (1967) ob­ wood leafminer development. The are the boxwood leafminer (Monar­ tained effective control with late (July first trial tested early application of thropalpus flavus, Schremk), the 22) applications of diazinon Avid (avermectin) and Merit boxwood mite, and the boxwood (Diazinon) and even later (August 4) (imidacloprid). The second trial psyllid. This paper shall deal with applications of dimethoate (Cygon). examined the effect of late applica­ chemical control of the boxwood tion of Avid, Merit, and Orthene leafminer. The most important aspect for (acephate), all of which are systemics. At the present time, control of the implementing chemical control of the For the early trial, five plants boxwood leafminer is unreliable due boxwood leafminer is proper timing (Buxus sempervirens 'Arborescens') to a lack of knowledge regarding the of application. Catching the adults as were sprayed for each chemical choice and optimal timing of pesti­ they oviposit, before the boxwood evaluated at the first sign of adult cide applications. Historically, timely leafminers are hidden in the leaves, is emergence in late April. Both Avid applications of molasses plus nicotine crucial. and Merit were used at concentrations sulfate, fumigation with hydrogen recommended for leafminer control. cyanide gas, or even dipping smaller Carbaryl (Sevin) (also applied July A control group of five plants was plants in boiling water have provided 22) was found to give less control. sprayed with water and spreader/ adequate control of the leafminer Late applications of dimethoate were sticker only. Plants in each group (Hamilton 1925). Sulfur dusts have not very effective when tested in the were sprayed to a point slightly been used against adult leafminers summer of 1994 at Dumbarton Oaks beyond leaf drip using a two-gallon with moderate success, and applica­ (P. Page, personal communication). hand sprayer. Ten leaves were tions of arsenic have been attempted Newer pesticides such as avennectin harvested from each of the plants in with minimal success (Hamilton (Avid) and imidacloprid (Merit) are September, and the number of 1925). The main problem with dusts currently under examination for surviving larvae were compared and molasses-based sprays is they are potential usefulness. Studies indicate among different pesticide treatments. washed off by rain and wind. Since that the timely application of aver­ To detennine if pesticide treatments adults emerge over a two-week mectin or imidacloprid both provide affected oviposition behavior, the period, keeping materials on the plant exceptional control (d'Eustachio, number of ovipositions was measured long enough to kill all of the adults unpublished). A common feature of by counting the number of oviposi­ proves difficult. DDT was recom­ all these methods is a limited time tion scars still plainly visible on the mended for control of adults as they period for effective control (Hamilton underside of the leaves. Oviposition emerged and walked through the 1925, Brewer 1980, Batdorf 1994, scars remain visible for the entire material (Barnes 1948). DDT and Reif 1994). Application of pesticides lifetime of a leaf and because box-

January 1999 43 wood leafminers only oviposit on the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION waxy cuticle, which is thick on current year's growth, only oviposi­ boxwoods, may have developed to tions from the current year were Recalling Hamilton's (1925) the point that water-based materials observed. threshold of six larvae per leaf, both cannot enter. Another possibility A second trial was initiated in Avid and Merit proved quite effective could be that larvae have developed mid-July to test the efficacy of late when applied at the first sign of adult enough by this stage to resist the pesticide application. Plants were emergence and showed significant small amount of pesticide that selected and leaves were harvested levels of control. In practical terms, penetrates their galleries. the day of treatment to assess initial this means that plants can be pro­ I noted during both experimental pest densities. Each of three groups of tected from serious boxwood and routine pesticide application that plants were treated with Avid, Merit, leafminer damage using chemical use of a power sprayer greatly and Orthene, and another group of treatments. A significant number of increased the level of control. This plants was again set aside as a leafminers may still exist in the result may be attributed to the power control. Spreader sticker adjuvants plants, enough to warrant additional sprayer applying a higher rate of were used on all plants and each was treatment the following spring, material more forcefully (at a higher sprayed to the point of leaf drip. All although the damage level is well nozzle pressure) than a hand sprayer. plants were then sampled in Septem­ below the aesthetic threshold. After a Power sprayers may give more ber to determine pesticide efficacy. year or two of effective treatment, complete coverage of all leaf surfaces Ten leaves per plant were dissected levels of boxwood leafminer activity and improved ability of the pesticide using the same technique described have been reduced to a point that to "stick" to the leaf surface. The previously. further treatment is unnecessary thick waxy cuticle of boxwood The number of surviving larvae (d'Eustachio, personal observation). leaves, especially that of new growth, was determined and analyzed for Pesticide applications later in the posed problems to pesticide applica­ statistical significance. The level of season provide some control but not tion. A large amount of spreader­ six larvae per leaf was proposed by as much as spraying a systemic on the sticker adjuvant had to be applied to Hamilton (1925) as the economic adults and leaves. This could be due "wet" new growth. Rates of up to 1 threshold, and this level was used to to a number of factors. By mid-July pt/lO gal were necessary for proper indicate successful control efforts in leaves could have hardened to the adhesion at extremely low nozzle addition to the relative number of point that pesticides can no longer pressures. At higher pressures, less larvae that survived in each treatment. penetrate the leaf tissue. Also, the adjuvant was necessary. A high rate of spreader-sticker application can bum leaves of some Early Application plant species, but this was not observed on boxwoods, even at 40 c extremely high rates. '"0 A A ""'in 40 ~ 8. ~ 'S: 0 CONCLUSION 0 :;; 20 0 .a :;; 20 E .a :::> E Z In conclusion, the most important :::> Z 0 0 aspect for implementing chemical Control Avid Merit Control Avid Merit control of the boxwood leafminer is proper timing of application. Catch­ ing the adults as they oviposit, before Late Application the boxwood leafminers are hidden in the leaves, is crucial. This method ~ 40 40 0 A allows the control of both adults and A A ~ ~ newly hatched larvae. Avid seems to 8. ~ ;3 0 be the most effective pesticide; and 0 20 :;; :;; .a .a E because Avid is labeled as a miticide, E :::> :::> Z Z it will probably help control boxwood 0 mites as well. Avid Orthene Merit Control Avid Orthene Merit Control

44 January 1999 Four Recently Registered Boxwood Cultivars Lynn R. Batdorf

The following boxwood cultivars have been accepted for registration by Mr. Lynn R. Batdorf, Registrar for The American Boxwood Society which is the International Registration Authority for Cultivated Buxus.

B. microphylla 'Northern Emerald' Registered by Charles A. Hildebrant, Hildebrant Nurseries, Oldwick, N.J. Description: Single-trunked shrub with multiple branching near the base forming a spreading, mounded habit. A 15- to 18-year-old plant growing at Oldwick, New Jersey, has grown to 0.76 m (30") tall and 1.2 m (48") wide. Foliage is evergreen, opposite, coria­ Buxus microphylla 'Northern Emerald' (Photos: Charles Hildebrant) ceous, and elliptic. The apex is obtuse to acute and mucronate; the base is nursery field at Hildebrant Nurseries, cuneate. The leaves are short-petioled, Oldwick, N.J., a commercial nursery 11 mm to 15 mm (7/16" to 10/16") production finn. It was discovered as wide and 14 mm to 19 mm (9/16" to 3/ an in-row chance seedling in a large 4") long. The internodal length is 9 mm block of B. microphylla about 1958. to 14 mm (6/16" to 9/16"). New growth varies from 5 cm to 13 cm (2" to 5") annually. Leaf color, from the second Buxus microphyllll var.japonica edition of the Royal Horticultural 'Hildebrant's Intermediate' Society Colour Chart, is 137 A for the upper epidermis and 143C for the Registered by Charles A. Hildebrant, lower. Hildebrant Nurseries, Oldwick, N.J. It is similar to B. sinica var. insularis 'Wintergreen' which origi­ Description: Single-trunked shrub nally had 25 clones, but nursery with multiple branching near the base uniformity has reduced this number. forming a near-perfect sphere. A 23- 'Northern Emerald' has foliage that is year-old plant growing at Oldwick, (Photo: Lynn Batdorf) larger and darker green than most of New Jersey, has grown to 1.1 m (44") these clones. It is similar to 'Vardar tall and 1 m (42") wide. Foliage is Leaf color, from the second edition of Valley' in habit, but not in color. This evergreen, opposite, coriaceous, the Royal Horticultural Society Colour plant matures at 1 m (3') in height. It is broadly elliptic. The apex is mucronate Chart, is 139A for the upper epidermis similar to 'Winter Gem' in habit, leaf to generally retuse; the base is cuneate. and 144A for the lower. shape and color but with denser foliage The leaves are short-petioled, 13 mm to Its remarkable near-spherical habit due to more open branching. Maintains 20 mm (1/2" to 5/8") wide and 22 mm gives the appearance of a regularly dark green color all winter. Hardy to to 25 mm (7/8" to 1") long. The sheared boxwood. It has proved to be Zone 4. internodal length is 13 mm to 16 mm cold weather hardy, having no cold History: This boxwood originated (1/2" to 5/8"). New growth varies from damage during the winter of 1994-5 as an open-pollinated seedling in the 5 cm to 7.5 cm (2" to 3") annUally. with a minimum of -25°F temperature.

January 1999 45 B. microphylla var. japonica 'Hildebrant's Intermediate'. (Photo: (Photo Lynn Batdorf) Charles Hildebrant)

B. sempervirens 'Appalachian Pyramid'. (Photo: Charles Hildebrant) (Photo: Lynn Batdorf)

The plant had no foliage bum and little old plant growing at Oldwick, New 'Appalachian Pyramid' is more discoloration. Jersey, has grown to 1.37 m (4 112') tall upright than B. 'Green Mountain' , History: This plant originated as an and 1 m (3 112') wide. Foliage is maintains a deeper green foliage color open-pollinated seedling in a nursery evergreen, opposite, coriaceous, and than B. sempervirens 'Pyramidalis' , field at Hildebrant Nurseries, Oldwick, elliptic. The apex is obtuse to mucr­ and is broader at the base than B. N.J., a commercial nursery production onate; the base is cuneate to broadly sempervirens 'Fastigiata'. Young firm. It was discovered about 1983. attenuate. The leaves are short-petioled, plants of 'Appalachian Pyramid' have 10 mm to 13 mm (7/16" to 9/16") wide a pronounced pyramidal habit. It has and 22 mm to 31 mm (7/8" to 1114") been grown in Zone 5 for about 15 B. sempervirens 'Appalachian long. The internodal length is 13 mm to years and has performed exceptionally Pyramid' 16 mm (112" to 5/8"). New growth well during this time. varies from 15 cm to 20 cm (6" to 8") History: This plant was discovered Registered by Charles A. Hildebrant, annUally. Leaf color, from the second in a nursery field at Hildebrant Hildebrant Nurseries, Oldwick, N.J. edition of the Royal Horticuitural Nurseries, Oldwick, N.J., a commercial Description: Single-trunked shrub Society Colour Chart, is 135B for the nursery production firm. It was with multiple branching near the base upper epidermis and 144A for the discovered about 1981. forming a pyramidal habit. A 15-year- lower.

46 January 1999 Buxus 'Verdant Hills' Registered by Dr. Norman E. Pellet, Professor Emeritus, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. Description: Single-trunked plant with multiple branching at the base forming a mounded plant nearly twice as wide as high. A 25-year-old plant growing at the University of Vermont Horticultural Research Center located in south Burlington, is 1.17 m (46 10 ) tall and 1.78 m (70 10 ) wide. The plant is growing in a loamy sand soil with full exposure to the sun. Foliage is ever­ green, opposite, coriaceous, and elliptic to broadly oblong. The apex is obtuse to acute or retuse, the base is cuneate to acute. The petiole is short (c. 0.3 cm or Buxus 'Verdant Hills' (Photo: Dr. Pellet) 0.12 10 ), and the leaf averages 1.1 cm (0.4310) wide and 1.7 cm (0.6710) long. putative hybrid where B. sempervirens New growth varies from 5 to 10 cm (2 is the female and B. sinica var. insul­ to 4 10 ) annually. Leaf color, from the aris the male. It is an open-pollinated second edition of the Royal Horticul­ seedling selected by the staff at Sheri­ tural Society Colour Chart, varies from dan Nurseries, Georgetown, Ontario, 145B to 147C for the upper epidermis. Canada, in the early 1960s. Given the It is similar to its sister, B. 'Green selection number 77 by Sheridan, it is a Velvet' although this plant is wider in sister seedling of B. 'Green Mountain' relation to its height. This cultivar has and B. 'Green Velvet'. demonstrated dependable winter Sheridan Nurseries distributed this hardiness in Burlington, Vermont for plant to the USDA Plant Introduction the past 25 years. The plant is available Station at Geneva, N.Y where it was from Cobble Creek Nursery, RD 2, assigned the number G-17882. It was Box 3850, Bristol, VT 05443. later distributed to the University of Buxus 'Verdant Hills ' in bloom. History: 'Verdant Hills' is a Vermont. (Photo: Dr. Pellet) ABS Supports Boxwood Genetics Research Project Henry F. Frierson, Jr., M.D.

The Board of Directors of the ABS wood anatomy of New World (espe­ As the flowers of Buxus species are has contributed $2,500 from its cially Cuban) boxwood in order to similar worldwide and hence cannot be research fund, augmented by dona­ determine evolutionary differentiation relied upon for plant classification, tions, to support research on the molec­ and systematic relationships among determination of DNA sequences ular genetics of boxwood species. The species. Ms. Landgraf will perform the (DNA "fingerprinting") among Buxus research will be performed by Maria molecular studies in the laboratory of species has the pOtential to define the Landgraf for her graduate (diploma) Prof. Bomer, a geneticist in the most primitive species and then to thesis under Prof. Egon Kohler at Department of Molecular Genetics, construct an evolutionary tree of others Humboldt University in Berlin, Ger­ Institute of Biology at Humboldt that have split off. The closeness or many. Professor Kohler has studied for University. It is anticipated that distance of various Buxus species can many years the pollen morphology, approximately 9 months will be be assessed according to their DNA leaf anatomy and surface pattern, and required to complete the project. sequence differences.

January 1999 47 The molecular genetic experiments In Ms. Landgraf s preliminary data, of dried leaf material from each of will focus on the matK gene, 1550 base she has perfected the technique of these six boxwoods will be sent to Ms. pairs in length, that is present in the DNA isolation of sufficient quantity Landgraf for analysis. genome of chloroplasts of all photosyn­ from dried boxwood leaves. She has The ABS has previously given thetic land plants. The matK gene also been successful in amplifying the financial assistance for a boxwood encodes a maturase (an enzyme) which matK gene by the polymerase chain collecting expedition in Cuba in order is invoked in the removal (splicing) of reaction. Finally, she has shown some to build a living collection ofnative portions of DNA as it is converted differences in DNA sequence for Cuban species at the Jardin Botanico (transcribed) to RNA. The variation in several Buxus species using the Nacional in Havana. Having been DNA sequence of the matK gene technique of restriction fragment length accompanied by Dr. and Mrs. Mark makes it useful for phylogenetic polymorphism, a method that shows Braimbridge from the Langley Box­ investigations. The gene has already differences in size of DNA fragments wood Nursery in Great Britain, Prof. been successfully copied (amplified) after enzymatic cleavage. She plans to Kohler has collected dried leaf material from a variety of dicots including, analyze the matK gene in 10 to 15 of from Cuban species for DNA sequence among others, Asteraceae, Cornaceae, the newly discovered Cuban species, analysis. Rosaceae, and Magnoliaceae. and, in addition, will examine box­ Ms. Langraf will write a summary Steps involved in the molecular wood species available in the commer­ article concerning her findings for a analysis of the matK gene include cial trade in the United States. The future issue of The Boxwood Bulletin. DNA extraction from leaves, amplifi­ latter include B. harlandii, B. micro­ With success, DNA sequence analysis cation by the polymerase chain phylla 'Compacta', B. microphylla var. could be extended to other Asian and reaction, and sequencing. The se­ japonica 'Morris Midget' , B. semper­ African boxwoods. With the examina­ quences of the matK gene for the virens 'Suffruticosa', B. sempervirens tion of all boxwood species worldwide, various boxwood species will be 'Graham BIandy', and B. sinica var. a molecular taxonomy of Buxus could compared by computer analysis. insularis 'Justin Brouwers'. Ten grams be constructed.

Reducing Synonyms of Infraspecific Nomenclature A Proposed Use of the World-Wide Web Lynn R. Batdorf

The following is the text of a present­ reveals 161 valid cultivars. However, situations. The first involves valid ation at the Third International in Europe and North America there cultivar names that are mistakenly Symposium on the Taxonomy of are approximately 470 valid and assigned to the wrong species. For Cultivated Plants. It was given by invalid cultivar names. This discrep­ example, Buxus harlandii, is some­ Lynn R. Batdoif, Registrar for the ancy is due largely to synonyms that what obscure when compared to B. ABS which is the International occur for species, cultivar and sempervirens. Due to the popularity Registration Authority. This was vernacular names. The checklists and of B. sempervirens and its cultivars, presented at Edinburgh, Scotland registration lists of cultivar names Buxus has been perceived as a mono­ July 20-25, 1998, and was made published by International Registra­ typic genus. Thus when confronted possible through support by The tion Authorities have a limited impact with the binomial B. harlandii, the American Boxwood Society and the on reducing the use of synonyms and name is changed to B. sempervirens U.S. National Arboretum. validating cultivars. There is need for 'Harlandii'. At other times the one a uniform and widely accessible species is often confused with another Keywords: Buxus, infraspecific world-wide web site where correct because of shared similar characters. classification, cultivar, botanical nomenclature information is available Thus, the valid name B. harlandii nomenclature, world-wide web. to interested parties. 'Richard' is changed to B. micro­ phylla 'Richard' or B. microphylla Abstract 1. Introduction 'Richardii' or B. microphylla var. An enumeration of Buxus taxa Synonym names occur in several japonica 'Richardii'. When con-

48 January 1999 fronted with a lesser known species, between taxa. For example: Buxus correct information dissemination. the typical conclusion is that the sinica var. insularis 'Winter Gem' is Typically, registration and checklists specific epithet must be in error and a Korean boxwood cultivar. Its produced by International Registra­ belongs to a more common taxon. vernacular name is: "Large Leaf tion Authorities (IRAs) reach only a Thus, valid cultivar names are Asiatic Boxwood." Synonyms specialized audience. Arboreta, assigned to erroneous species. include: B. microphylla 'Asiatic botanic gardens, research institutions, It is possible for the same plant to Winter Gem', B. microphylla var. and plant societies which are prima­ have both a trademark name and a asiatic 'Winter Gem', B. microphylla rily responsible for breeding, evaluat­ cultivar name. For example, Buxus 'Wintergem' , B. sinica var: insularis ing, increase of stock, naming, and 'Glencoe' is a hybrid boxwood with 'Large Leaf Asiatic', and simply, B. initial distribution of the plant have the trademark name of Chicagoland sinica var. insularis. The various excellent access to this information. Green™. This has caused confusion synonyms occur because this plant is However, several large, important in the nursery industry, which has of Asian origin, has a relatively large groups are not included in this removed the single quotation marks leaf, maintains a dark green color distribution of information. They around the cultivar name and the during the winter, and it is a "gem." include the nursery industry, profes­ trademark symbol. Nurserymen are The various synonyms were created sional gardeners, propagators, generally more comfortable with in an attempt by the nursery industry researchers, and plant collectors. common names, and often eliminate to describe and promote the various These groups are primarily respon­ or confuse cultivar and trademark unique characteristics of this box­ sible for the distribution of the plant. names. Thus the names Chicagoland wood. Here the need for proper names and Green™ and B. 'Glencoe' have been There are other events that result descriptions to identify the plant and replaced by the "common name in the creation of synonyms and provide the correct nomenclature is "Chicagoland Boxwood," which has invalid cultivar names. For example, the greatest. become accepted in the nursery trade. if a cultivar name is lost or confused The challenge for the IRA is to Similar trademark and cultivar name in the trade, the trade is often quick to communicate effectively with these changes occur with other boxwood. create a new name to ensure the sale various groups. One avenue is Multiple synonyms can exist for of the plant. Competing nurseries through the world wide web (WWW). the same clone. Perhaps the best must respond to market pressures and Each IRA could establish a web site, example of this is Buxus semper­ are anxious to add new and exciting ~nder the guidance and instruction of virens 'Suffruticosa', or "English" plants. In an effort to improve mar­ the International Society for Horticul­ boxwood. Cultivar synonyms include: ketability of plants, unexciting cul­ tural Science Commission for 'Fruticosa', 'Humilis', 'Mt. Vernon', tivar names like 'Graham BIandy' are Nomenclature and Registration. This 'Nana', 'Rosmarinifolia Fruticosa', changed to flashier names like would improve distribution of correct 'Rosmarinifolia Minor', 'Suffruticosa 'Greenpeace' to increase their appeal nomenclatural information. The Nana', and 'Truedwarf. In addition, and stimulate sales. Foreign cultivar traditional format is to list the valid binominal synonyms include: B. names that seem difficult or awkward name with its earliest bibliographic humilis Dod., B. sempervirens var. can have a" negative impact on sales. reference and any synonyms, if nana, B. sempervirens var. suffruti-" On occasion the trade has modified or applicable. This web site would cosa, and B. suffruticosa. Further, completely changed these names to greatly promote the use of correct English vernacular synonyms include: make them seem more appropriate for cultivar names. It would also reduce Dwarf Box, Dwarf English, Edging the market area. There are also the use of synonyms. While this Box, English Boxwood, English regional influences and landscape format is exceptionally useful to Dwarf Box, Ground Box, Old English uses which give rise to the creation of informed audiences, it is difficult to Boxwood, True Edging Box, and new vernacular names. Some hybrid­ access and has limited application for Truedwarf Boxwood. There are at izers and those naming new select­ others. least seven vernacular names in ions are unaware of the registration For example, verifying that a French, three in German and four in process and assign improper names. particular plant has the correct name Dutch. There are probably additional is not possible. Including information 2. Proposal names in other languages. As shown concerning plant characteristics and in this example the clone has more Many of the complexities sur­ keeping this information user than 35 names. rounding the infraspecific nomencla­ friendly, requires a different ap­ Name confusion also occurs tural synonyms center largely around proach. Each genus has its own

January 1999 49 unique characteristics with which the engines to locate the IRA site would addresses. The e-mail addresses IRA is familiar. For example, Buxus improve information dissemination. It provide a link to the respective at the cultivar rank is best differenti­ would permit queries from a vast registrar. ated by habit and leaf morphology. audience to access on-line informa­ By providing an additional link to For Hemerocallis, a variety of floral tion regarding a specific group of a page created by the registrar, the characteristics are used to differenti­ cultivars. The information on the site user could assess specific information ate the thousands of hybrids. Brief would include nomenclature, registra­ regarding that cultivar group. This descriptions in lay terms would tion, synonyms, cultivar characteris­ could include links in the directory to permit a broader understanding of tics and other information. It would all the IRAs for registration applica­ these characteristics and allow permit easy, accurate and quick tions, registration lists including groups, and possibly individual access to interested parties such as synonyms, and information to cultivars to be distinguished. Syn­ hybridizers, the nursery industry, and distinguish cultivars. This would onyms and invalid names are often institutions. The ability to contact the permit the user to gain detailed perpetuated because many are appropriate IRA when naming a information and direct inquires or unaware of the resources available to plant, will assist the IRA in process­ comments regarding registration obtain a definitive identification at the ing cultivar and cultivar-group applications, registration lists, cultivar level. epithets and in maintaining more nomenclature, synonyms, plant accurate records. The plant industry characteristics and identification, 3. Discussion will benefit by having properly named commercial sources, or any other Providing correct information to a plants. The IRAs will be able to related topic to the appropriate IRA. wide variety of interested audiences reduce the use of synonyms and will 4. Conclusion has always been one of the greatest be able to maintain accurate, compre­ challenges for an International hensive, up-to-date lists of cultivars Assigning appropriate keywords Registration Authority (IRA). A within their respective authorities. so that interested parties can more recent development has been the The WWW has already estab­ easily link to and locate the informa­ advent of electronic databases for lished itself as an important forum. tion on the proposed registrar sites, plant nomenclature that can be Indeed the ISHS has a web site that is would accomplish several goals. The accessed through the WWW.This regularly and often updated. Twelve broad dissemination of information proposed forum is unique in that it is main topics are presented on the would reduce the use of synonyms constructed by the individual IRA, home page of the ISHS and two and invalid names for all taxa. The who has specialized knowledge topics are of interest in this discus­ nursery industry, botanic gardens, regarding the cultivars of the respec­ sion. The first is: "Links to other professional gardeners, propagators, tive genus. The common search horticultural pages." The creation of researchers and other interested engines available in the WWW do not other links to specialized horticultural groups will have an authoritative permit quick or easy access to the areas within the interests of the ISHS resource that is easily accessible. International Society for Horticultural would broaden resources. For ex­ Registrars would be able to Science Commission (ISHS) site. ample, IRAs and those seeking links maintain a current registration list at Access to the ISHS Nomenclature to botanical nomenclature and this site. With improved access IRAs and Registration site could be resources may be interested in some will have an additional resource to improved by adding generic key of the sites listed on the following locate new taxa. New synonyms and words such as: plant registration, page. name combinations will come to the taxonomy, nomenclature, and The second main topic of interest attention of the IRA more quickly. cultivar. Additionally, the use of on the home page of the ISHS is The trade will be encouraged to keywords such as the genus and its "International Registration Authori­ submit registrations, reducing invalid respective common name (i.e .. ties List." This directory is also nomenclature. Nymphaea and Water Lily) would regularly and often updated giving a properly guide the user to the Direc­ complete listing of IRAs in alphabeti­ Lynn R. Batdorf tory of International Registration cal order according to their respective International Registration Authority Authorities at the ISHS site. taxon. An examination of this list for Buxus There are distinct advantages to (updated 12 May 98) reveals 127 U.S. National Arboretum this proposal. Increasing access by registrars with mailing addresses, 68 3501 New York Avenue NE adding key words that allow search with fax numbers, and 49 with e-mail Washington, DC 20002 USA

50 January 1999 Worldwide Web Sites Internet Biodiversity Service http://ibs.uel.ac.uk/ibs/ Aquatic & Wetland Database Internet Directory for Botany http://aquatl.ifas.ufl.edu/database.html http://www.helsinki.filkmus/botmenu.html Atlas Florae Europaeae Integrated Tax. Info. System (ITIS) http://www.helsinki.filkmuslafe/database.html http://trident.ftc.nrcs.usda.govlitis/ Botanical Checklist of N. Am. browser Links to Lower Plant Taxa . http://nardac.mip.berkeley.edu/cgi-binbrowse_smasch_chkl.html http://www.helsinki.filkmus/botcryp.html California State Univ. Bio. Sci. Web Links to Vascular Plant Taxa http://130.17.2.215/ http://www.helsinkl.filkmus/botvasc.html Carnivorous Plants Database Links to Fossil Taxa & Palynology http://www.hpl.hp.comlbotany/public_htmVcp/htmVactualcp.htm http://www.helsinki.filkmus/botpale.html Checklists & Floras, Tax. Databases Names in use for extant plant genera http://www.helsinkl.filkmus/botflora.html http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.deliaptlncu/genera Checklists of Floras of U.S. National Biological Info. Infrastructure http://trident.ftc.nrcs.usda.gov/plants/staselec.html http://www.nbii.gov/ Chromosome number index National Center for Biotechnology Info. gopher://cissus.mobot.org/771.Chromo/.index/chromo http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.govffaxonomyl Classification of flowering plants taxonomyhome.html http://www.systbot.uu.se/classificationloverview.html National Wildflower Research Center CropSEARCH http://www.wildflower.org/ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropSEARCH New York Botanical Garden CyperFlora California http://www.nybg.org/bscilhcoVhcol.html http://www.csd.tamu.edulFLORAlcalfioralcalflora.htm New World Grass Checklist Families & Genera of Vascular PIt. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/tropics/Poalagfnames.html http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgsltaxlfaxfam.html Noxious Weeds of USDA in GRIN Flora Europea, RBG, Edinburgh http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-binlnpgs/htmVtaxweed.pl http://www.rbge.org.uklforms/fe NOAA/Paleoclimatology Pollen Page Flora North America http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pollen.html http://www.fna.org/index1.html Peter's Carnivorous Plant Page Flora North America Online Search http://www.flytrap.demon.co.ukl http://www.fna.org/Libraries/pliblWWW/online.html Phylogenetic Resources FLORIN Taxonomy http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/subway/phylogen.html http://mitia.florin.rulflorin/brief/b_tax.htm The Plant Kingdom FlowerBase http://www.geocities.comlRainForestl6243/diversity4.html#Plant http://www.flowerbase.coml Plant Chromosome Numbers Database FlowerWeb gopher://cissus.mobot.org/77/chromolindex/chromo http://www.flowerweb.nV PLANTS Database Germplasm Resources Info. Network http://plants.usda.gov/ http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgsltax/index.html Plant Systematics & Evolution - Links Global Plant Checklist Int'l Org. http://www.isc.tamu.edu/FLORAltfplinks.html http:iopi.csu.edu.auliopi Plant Trivia Timeline Grass Cultivars in the U.S. http://www.Huntington.org/BotanicaIDivmmeline.html http://web.css.orst.eduffropicslSpecieslGrassesl Publications Database Grass_Varietieslindex.html http://www.herbaria.harvard.edu/DatalPublications/ Gray Herbarium Card Index publications.html http://herbaria.harvard.edu:BOIDatalGray/gray.html Resources for Systematics Research Index Herbariorum USA http://141.211.110.91/tooLdir.htm http://www.nybg.org/bscVihlih.html Royal Bot. Garden, Kew Index Nominum Genericorum (1 NG) http://www.rbgkew.org.uklweb.dbs/webdbsintro.html http://www.nmnh.si.edu/ing/ The Tree of Life Index Virum http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html http://life.anu.edu.au.viruses/lctvlindex.html TreeBase Indices Nominum Supragenericorum http://www.herbaria.harvard.edu/treebaselindex.html http://matrix.nal.gov:BOBO/cgi-binlstarfinder/7641 Isuprag. txt TROPICOS International Assoc. Plant Taxonomy http://mobot.mobot.org/PicklSearch/pick.html http://bgbm3.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/lAPT/default.htm Weed Images & Descriptions International Code of Bot. Nom. -Tokyo Code http://www.rce.rutgers.edulweeddocumentslindex.htm http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.deliaptlnomenclature/ Weeds of the World Project International Org. of Palaeobotany PIt. Fossil http://ibs.uel.ac.ukl http://ifs.plants.ox.ae.uklwwdlwwd.htm ibslpalaeo/pfr21pfr.htm World Economic Plants in GRIN codeltokyo-e/default.htm http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgsltaX/taxecon.html International Society for Horticultural Sci. World Species Lists http://www.ishs.org/ http://www.envirolink.org/speciesl

January 1999 51 CORRESPONDENCE

Outstanding Boxwood Display Gardens in Oregon

To the Editor: In October 1998, a happy event took me to Portland, Oregon. Fortu­ nately I remembered the ZIP Code of Kimberly Boxwood Gardens in Wilsonville, which indicated that the nursery should be close by, and it was! My son located it via his laptop computer and I was lucky to catch Mr. Kimberly at home. He was most generous with his time and I had a delightful morning exploring all the interesting vistas and boxwood fonns. In just ten years, Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Kimberly have accomplished quite a feat by turning the acreage around At Kimberly Boxwood Gardens, a 350-ft length of boxwood hedge, with about their home from an open field into a 300 plants on 14-in center, is maintained at 4 ft from gateway to front door. variety of display gardens. (Photos: Decca Frackelton) Hedges, a courtyard garden, "retaining walls" of Korean boxwood, numerous cultivars, topiaries (of which the disc fonns especially caught my eye), knot gardens and fields of boxwood were almost too much to take in. The Oregon climate has perhaps enhanced the work of these two talented enthusiasts. They have been members of the ABS since 1988 and have a web site, www.nurseryguide.com/member/ 11353. The photographs on the following pages give a brief tour. Decca Frackelton ABS Board of Directors

The Buxus sempervirens hedge at left ends in a curve and provides an opening as the 80-ft hedge of 'Green Beauty' continues the length of a cold frame holding Buxus microphylla 'Compacta' and other cultivars.

52 January 1999 Buxus rnicropbylla var. insularis 'Winter Gem' is planted along the stone steps to form a banister effect.

Buxus rnicropbylla 'John Baldwin' B. sinica var. insularis (Korean Boxwood) plants act as retaining walls specimen with a boxwood hedge between levels of lawn terraced toward the river. behind.

January 1999 53 A courtyard boxwood garden with a 4-ft hedge ofB. sempervirens as backdrop for an S-curve of 'Suffruticosa' clipped at i2 infrom i-gallon containers planted 6 in apart. Pair ofB. sempervirens 'Variegata' [sic] in right background.

Topiary ofBuxus microphylla var. Another view of the courtyard garden. A pair of disc forms in the foreground japonica 'National' used as an accent. with low-clipped borders ofB. sempervirens 'Suffruticosa '.

54 January 1999 Boxwood hedge in square forms 17 x 17 x 32 in tall.

Four disc forms around birdbath in Discforms interspersed with small plants ofB. microphylla 'Curly Locks'. background.

January 1999 55 Edge of garden going into farm growing area.

Three-ball topiary ofB. semper­ B. sempervirens (I8-in globe) at the center of a knot garden, with well­ virens. fertilized dark green 'Suffruticosa' and contrasting B. sempervirens 'Variegata '.

56 January 1999 Knot garden: center ofB. sempervirens 'Suffruticosa' followed by 'Variegata " then a circle ofB. microphylla var. japonica 'Morris Midget'. Next a circle and openings ofLavandula 'Jean Bowles " all outlined with 'Suffruticosa '.

Three plants of 'National' limbed up Knot garden: lavender in center, Golden Barberry and variegated boxwood, to form an accent in the bed. plus B. sempervirens 'Suffruticosa ' as dark green contrast.

January 1999 57 Knot garden: boxwood globe center, variegated boxwood and lavender contrasts with accents of globe Santolinas.

Center plant of 'National', surrounded Gate picked up "for a song" accents entry to knot gardens. by B. sempervirens 'Suffruticosa'.

58 January 1999 Accents of upright yews (Taxus media 'Hicksii') at comers of low boxwood hedges.

A fine specimen ofBuxus microphylla Close-up of unidentified Buxus, a compactform shaped into a column. var. japonica 'National'I.

January 1999 59 B. 'Green Mountain', one of the Sheridan Nurseries B. sempervirens trained in a "flame" form, 5 it tall. "Green" series.

'Suffruticosa ' cones and B. micro­ Front to back: B. harlandii, B. semp. B. sempervirens 'Graham Blandy ' phylla var. japonica 'Morris Midget' 'Vardar Valley', B. 'Green Velvet '. with an edging of Alchemilla mollis. globes.

60 January 1999 NEWS OF THE SOCIETY

Update on ABS Memorial Garden At Blandy

Plants ofB. microphylla var. japonica 'Morris Midget' set for planting around the ABS Memorial Garden sign. Daffodils planted around the sign last year by a Blandy volunteer group will bloom within the parterre.

Anderson's Balkan #353-35, origin­ ally from Kingsville Nurseries, pur­ chased in the 1960s was moved to the Frackelton garden Sept. 20, 1975, One of two parterres accenting the topiary. The 'Graham Blandy' is smaller and planted in the Center Bed by Bob than the one to the east, which was already in place. Bulbs were planted Arnold, Nov. 9, 1998. within the parterre. (Photos: Decca Frackelton)

January 1999 61 Minutes of Fall 1998 New Boxwood Registrations: Mr. be scheduled for later in the fall. Board Meeting Batdorf listed three new registrations in OldlNew Business progress, to be ready for publication in European Boxwood and Topiary The fall meeting of the Governing a later issue of The Boxwood Bulletin: Society: Mr. Batdorf agreed to give a Board was held on Friday, September B. microphylla var.japonica 'Hilde­ repeat of his "Knowing and Growing 25, 1998, at the home of Decca brant's Intermediate' , B. microphylla Boxwood" lecture from the 1998 ABS Frackelton in Fredericksburg, Virginia. 'Northern Emerald'; and B. semper­ Annual Meeting on June 12-13, 1999, at In attendance were Charles T. Fooks, virens 'Appalachian Pyramid'. All Berkshire, England, at the EBTS First Vice President; Katherine D. were submitted by Charles A. Hilde­ meeting. He will also prepare an article Ward, Executive Treasurer; Sigrid G. brant of Hildebrant Nurseries in for The Boxwood Bulletin on the Harriman, Secretary, and directors Scot Oldwick, N.J. Mr. Hildebrant volun­ forthcoming meeting. Butler, Decca Frackelton, Henry F. teered to donate two plants each of the Planning for 1999 Annual Meet­ Frierson, Ian Robertson, Clyde Weber, new registrations to the ABS Memorial ing: Mrs. Ward reported on her initial Steven Zapton. Joan Butler attended in Garden. preparations. The Annual Meeting will her capacity as liaison to the Orland E. Third International Symposium be May 21-22,1999 in Richmond, White Arboretum reporting on the on the Taxonomy of Cultivated Virginia The Board is to meet on the ABS Memorial Garden at Blandy. Plants: Mr. Batdorrs report on his afternoon of May 20. Rooms have been The meeting was called to order at attendance and presentation of a paper secured at the OMNI Hotel, downtown 1:00 p.m. by Charles Fooks. Mr. Fooks at Edinburgh, Scotland in July 1998 Richmond, with free conference spaces, presided because President Thomas will result in two articles for The breakfast and parking. Saunders, representing the u.S. Boxwood Bulletin. About 250 attendees Mrs. Ward suggested two public Department of Agriculture at an representing 20 countries were at the gardens, Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden intemational conference in Italy, was symposium. and Maymont, for the tour as well as unable to attend. Also absent was The Boxwood Bulletin: Mrs. private gardens. Subjects for speakers Registrar Lynn R. Batdorf who Frackelton stated that at this moment suggested during a spirited debate: provided a written outline of his she has several articles promised for boxwood cultivars (other than "English" activities. the Bulletin. One of these on Edgar and "American") and their companion The minutes of the May 15, 1998, Anderson Memorial Garden at the plantings; Michael Dirr, author of Spring Board meeting were approved Missouri Botanical Gardens. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, to as published in The Boxwood Bulletin Updated Buyers Guide: A com­ speak about boxwood and other woody Vo1.38, No.1, p.17-18. plete list of all members of the Ameri­ plants and how he defines a boxophile; Mrs. Ward presented the can Nurserymen's Association is a primer on terminology: genus, species, Treasurer's report showing'$8,977.08 needed to have updated names and cultivars; origin and history of box­ in the checking account and addresses of nurseries. These nurseries wood; workshop on soils, fertilization; $15,956.48 in the certificate of deposit, will be contacted and asked to fill out a soil effects on boxwood (Charles which will mature on November 16, questionnaire pertaining to their Thornton from Tellus Consulting). 1998. boxwood varieties for sale. It is hoped Holly Shimizu was mentioned as Approximately 1,500 copies of the that the new Buyers Guide will be possible speaker. Mr. Weber volun­ 4,000 reprinted Boxwood Handbooks available in 1999. teered to supply boxwood plants for the were sold since early 1998 in part due Memorial Garden Design for meeting, his choice: Buxus sinica var. to the fact that The New York Times Two Parterres: Mrs. Frackelton's idea insularis 'Winter Gem'. reported in July 1998 on the Boxwood for two parterres in the Memorial Year 2000 Annual Meeting: Mrs. Handbook. Further reviews are planned Garden (one around the entrance sign, Gary Richardson from Annapolis has to appear in Garden Design and the second to incorporate the existing volunteered to look into hotel, meeting Garden Living. topiary and 'Graham Blandy' in North space, and gardens to be visited in and Mrs. Ward reported that $2,270 Bed) was discussed and attendees around Annapolis in 2000. She reported were collected from the boxwood agreed with the planned addition to the that she has no speakers as yet. auction at the 1998 Annual Meeting. Memorial Garden. Blueprints of the Fall 1999 Boxwood Tour: A This was the best auction so far. future parterres, prepared by Mrs. suggestion was made for a possible Fall Proceeds from the Annual Meeting just Harriman, show extensive use of B. Boxwood Tour for 1999 in and around about took care of the costs. microphylla var.japonica 'Morris Atlanta, Georgia. Cost, itinerary, etc., Committee Reports Midget' . Preparation and planting will will be prepared and presented at the

62 January 1999 January Board meeting with help from meeting. Mr. Fooks also suggested that project. Board members suggested that Mr. Chance Whitaker. board members survey five attendees more specific data must be requested Next Board Meeting: A tentative each to gather opinions about meeting. about how this research might benefit date, January 15, 1999 at 1 p.m. at the Board members to summarize and ABS, perhaps a genetic comparison Orland E. White Arboretum in Clarke report at next Board meeting. with selected horticulturally important County, Virginia, was set for the winter At the close of the meeting Dr. species. The Board approved the sum Board meeting. (This was later Frierson reported on his correspon­ of $2,000 for this research and expects changed to January 22,1999.) dence with a German biology student an appropriate report that can be Discussions followed and Mr. who is researching the variances in published in The Boxwood Bulletin. Fooks offered several suggestions DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of All attendees thanked Decca given him regarding Annual Meetings: Cuba's indigenous Buxus species. 'This Frackelton for graciously opening her have a banner in hotel lobby, hold research is linked to Dr. Egon Kohler's home to hold our meeting and for an social gathering before meeting, (Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin) excellent lunch. The meeting adjourned introduce new members, invite local research with wild species. The student at 4:00 p.m. and all were invited to tour press, use volunteers to get meeting provided fairly good data so far and Decca's garden. together, provide local maps with tour plans to spend 9-10 months studying gardens clearly marked, have question 10-15 Cuban species. ABS was asked Sigrid Georg;; Harriman and answer panel, gather comments on to partially fund this particular research Secretary

1999 Historic Garden 1999 Maryland House Week in Virginia and Garden Pilgrimage Suzanne Munson writes that visitors burg, Petersburg, Richmond (4/21 The 62nd anniversary of the will get to lift the latch of the garden & 22 also), Virginia Beach, Maryland House and Garden Pilgrim­ gate and view more than 250 of Williamsburg age will run from April 17 through Virginia's most outstanding homes, Wed., Apr. 21: Harrisonburg, May 12. Mrs. Philip Noble Powell, gardens and historic landmarks during Martinsville, Newport News! Executive Director, reports that there "America's Largest Open House" Hampton, Northern Neck, Warrenton are many boxwood gardens on the April 17-24. (4122 also) tour this year. A 2oo-page guidebook, to be Thurs., Apr. 22: Danville, Norfolk For further information, call or mailed in February, may be ordered by Fri., Apr. 23: Fairfax Club Tour, write to Maryland House and Garden sending a $5.00 donation to cover Middle PeninsulalEssex Co. Pilgrimage: postage and handling, payable to Sat., Apr. 24: Eastern Shore, 1105-A Providence Road, Historic Garden Week, 12EFranklin GloucesterlMathews, Lexington, Towson, MD 21286-1790. Street, Richmond, VA 23219. Warren Co. Phone: (410) 821-6933 James River Plantations: Fax: (410) 821-7620 1999 Tour Schedule Bacon's Castle: daily except Monday e-mail: [email protected] Sat., Apr. 17: Alexandria, Ashland! Belle Air: Tues., Apr. 20 through Hanover, Orange/Madison Co., Sat. Apr. 24 1999 Tour Schedule Charlottesville Friendly Gardens (41 Berkeley: Wed., Apr. 21; 18 also), Roanoke, SuffolklEclipse, Thurs. Apr. 22 Sat., Apr. 17: Anne Arundel County WinchesterlFrederick Co. (4118 also) Brandon: Thurs., Apr. 22 through Fri., Apr. 23: Baltimore City Sun., Apr. 18: Chatham, Leesburg (41 Sat. Apr. 24 (Guilford) 19 also) Evelynton: Wed., Apr. 21; Sat., Apr. 24: Kent County Mon., Apr. 19: Charlottesville Thurs. Apr. 22 Sun., Apr. 25: Worcester County Country Estate Gardens (4/20 also) Sherwood Forest: Wed., Apr. 21; Wed., May 5: Baltimore County Tues., Apr. 20: Charlottesville (UVa Thurs. Apr. 22 Sat., May 8: Calvert County gardens), Fredericksburg, Lynch- Shirley: Wed., Apr. 21 Wed., May 12: Carroll County

January 1999 63 Annual Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation

1. Filing Date: October 30, 1998 2. Title ofpublication: The Boxwood Bulletin 3. Frequency of issue: Quarterly 4. Complete mailing address ofoffice ofpublication: P.O. Box 85, Boyce, Va. 22620 5. Complete mailing address of the headquarters or general business offices of the publishers: The American Boxwood Society P.O. Box 85, Boyce, Va. 22620 6. Names and addresses of Publisher, Editor, and Managing Editor: Publisher: The American Boxwood Society P.O. Box 85, Boyce, Va. 22620 Editor: John S:McCarthy 345 Gray Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 63119 Managing Editor:· Mrs. Robert L. Fracke1ton 1714 Greenway Drive Fredericksburg, Va. 22401 7. Owner: The American Boxwood Society P.O. Box 85, Boyce, Va. 22620 (Incorporated, non-stock, non-profit corporation) 8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount ofbonds, mortgages, or other securities: None