October 1981 The Boxwood Bulletin A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO MAN'S OLDEST GARDEN ORNAMENTAL

Photo: American Boxwood Society The eternal beauty of a sprig of boxwood.

Boyce, Va. Vol. 21 No.2 Edited Under The Direction Of THE AMERICAN BOXWOOD SOCIETY The Boxwood President ______Mr. Richard D. Mahone 1st Vice President ____ Mrs. Robert L. Frackelton Bulletin 2nd Vice President __ Mr. H. Thomas Hallowell, Jr. Secretary ______Mr. Dayton Mak _O_c_to_b_e.....:r,:....-19_8_1______V_ol_._2_1_N_o_.2 Executive Treasurer . ______.Mrs.. Katherine. Ward EDITOR - Mrts. CHARLES H. DICK DIRECTORS Term Began Term Ends Prof. Albert S. Beecher 1979 1982 INDEX Mr. Scot Butler ______1979 1982 Mr. Thomas Ewert ______1979 1982 Floral And Fruit Anatomy Of Jojoba Prof. James A. Faiszt 1981 1984 (Simmondsia chinensis) ______25 Mr. Will'iam A. Gray 1981 1984 Mr. Harrison Symmes 1981 1984 Rudolph Schmid An Amateur's______Primer Of Boxwood Nomenclature 29 Registrar: Dr. Bernice M. Speese Mary A. Gamble P. O. Box 1589 Williamsburg, Va. 23185 Boxwood In ABS MemoriaI Garden ______34

Address: The American Boxwood Society, Boxwood Research ABSTRACT ______35 Box 85, Boyce, Virginia 22620 Sandra Sardinelli MAILBOX ______36 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION Christmas Workshops ______36 Date of Filing: Sept. 2, 1981 1. Title of Publication: The Boxwood Bulletin. The Domination Of Boxwood ______37 2. Frequency of issue: QuarterlY. James C. Wilfong 3. Location of Known Office of Publication (Sl'reet, city. coun· ty, state, rip code): Blnndy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Membership of ABS ______38 Virginia, 22620. 4. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Office Membership List ______39 of the Publishers (Not printers): Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Virginia 22620. 5. Names and Address of Publisher, Editor, and Mana::;LTJg Editor: Publisher, The American Boxwood Society, Boyce, ILLUSTRATIONS Virginia 22620; Editor, Mrs. Charles H. Dick, Winchester, Virginia 22601. 6. Owner: (If owned by a corporation, its name and address Cover: American.Boxwood Society must be stated and also immediately thereunder the names Jojoba seed ______27 and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of stock. If not owned by a cor· photo: Dr. Howard Scott Gentry poration, the names and addresses of the individual owners must be given. If owned by a partnership or other incor· Jojoba plants ______28 porated firm, its name and address, as well as that of each individual, must be given.) Name, The American Boxwood photo: Dr. Howard Scott Gentry Society, Boyce, Virginia, 22620 (Incorporated; Non·stock, non-profit Organization.) Nomenclature Specimens ______30, 32, 33 7. Known Bondholders, Mortgages, and other Security Hold­ photos: Boxwood Society of the Midwest ers Owning or Holding 1 percent or more of Total Amount of Bonds, Mortgages or Other Securities (If there arc none, so state): None. Boxwood in Salem, N. J. ______37 photo: Wilfong (lSSN 0006 8535) Boxwood at Maryland's Swan Harbor ______38 Entered as second-class mail matter at Post Office photo: Wilfong Boyce, Virginia American Boxwood Society HoTiday Decorations ______44 Printed in U. S. A. by photo: Colonial Williamsburg Carr Publishing Co., Inc., Boyce, Va. photo: Allen Studio for National Trust FLORAL AND FRIDT ANATOMY OF JOJOBA (SIMMONDSJA ClDNENSIS) 1

Rudolph Schmid

Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. This article is reprinted, by permission of the author, from Memorias de la II Conferencia Inter­ nacional sobre la Jojoba y su Aprovechamiento (Minutes of the II International Conference on J 0- joba and Its Development), Ensenada, Mexico, Feb­ ruary 1976, published in September 1978.

ABSTRACT The content of this article is the comparative analysis between the male and the female flower histology of the Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)

MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERS result. Two (1-4) large bracts subtend each female flower. There are usual1y 5 (4·6) distinct, foliace­ Jojoba ($immondsia chinensis [Link] C. K. ous sepals, which enlarge to 10 to 20 mm and per­ Schenneid). is dioecious, the male flowers occur­ sist to partly enclose the fruit. The 3- or some­ ring in sessile or very shortly pedunculate capitate times 4-locular superior ovary (the taxonomic clusters, the female flowers norrriaUy being solitary literature indicates 2- or 3- locular) is sur­ on short axillary peduncles. Both male and female mounted by 3 or 4 long, linear, hairy papillose flowers lack nectaries and petals. Rudimentary styles that are deciduous after anthesis. Plac­ ovaries or staminodia/rudimentary stamens are entation is axile (a compitum is present), with 1 lacking from, respectively, male and female flow­ or sometimes 2 anatropous ovules occurring per ers. Bracts and perianth parts are pubescent; sta­ loculus. The fruit is a coriaceous, acornlike, typical­ mens and ovaries are glabrous. ly one-seeded capsule usually 15 to 20 (up to 30) mm long. Dehiscence is loculicidal. The seeds are The .relationship between the bracts and the mostly about 15 (13-17) mm long and have a male flowers is variable and imprecise. Male flow­ brown/black coriaceous seed coat (testa), very lit­ ers are up to 4 mm long and have usually 5 (4-6) tle or no endosperm, and thick, fleshy cotyledons. distinct sepals and 8 to 16 (the taxonomic litera­ ture gives 10-12) stamens. Each stamen consists of HISTOLOGY OF MALE FLOWERS a very short filament and a large erect, extrorse The sepals have a conspicuous cuticle (3 milli­ anther. At anthesis the filaments elongate about 2 microns thick on the outer epidermis, 1.5 millimi­ mm . to exsert the anthers above the sepaTs and crons on the inner), the stamens a negligible one bracts. Pollination is by wind. (except by the stomium). Stomata are rare on all floral parts. The sepals are very tanniferous, espec­ Female flowers are larger than male flowers ially at their tips. Tannin cell's are concentrated (10·12 mm versus 3·4 mm) and occur on recurved largely in the outer 3 to 6 mesophyll cell layers of peduncles such that inverted flowers and fruits the .sepal, whereas numerou~ druses (in enlarged cells) occur mostly in the inner Tayers. In contrast, all mesophyll cells of the sepal tips are tanniferous, I but few cells here contain crystals. The epidermis 1 My friend Peter A. Gail (now a professor of ecology at Cleveland State University) turned over of the sepals lacks tannin, but the outer epidermal" to me his microscope slides of and master's thesis layer bears long uniseriate,· multicellular hairs (1964·see biblography) on Simmondsia to prepare (maximum 26 cells). a joint publication. The present brief account is Epidermal cells of filaments and anthers bear based on much new slide material and was written much tannin. Inner Tayers of the stamens have largely independently of Gail's thesis. The final de­ little tannin (most of which occurs with the vas­ ta~led report on floral anatomy of jojoba (goatnut) cular tissue) and only moderate numbers of druses, ~Ill reVIse. Gail's data and will be a joint contribu­ which are especially rare in the short filaments. tIon by Gall and myself. The endothecial cel1s of" the "anthers are relatively 25 large but otherwise are of the type common to Vascul'ar bundles of bracts and all floral parts flowering plants. The pollen grains are 33 milIi­ of female flowers are collateral and have endarch microns in diameter, trip orate, with a tectate exine xylem. There is, however, more phloem in carpel­ of irregularly shaped plates that form a pseudo· lary bundl'es than in other strands. Annular and frustillate pattern. especially helical secondary wall patterns pre­ dominate on the tracheary elements. Pitted waH thickenings also occur on tracheary elements of Vascular bundles of the sepals are collaterai, bracts and sepals. with much xylem of end arch maturation, whereas those of the anthers and filaments are amphicribral or occasionally collaterar (the latter, however, with Fruits: The above description applies to floral phloem nearly entirely enveloping the xylem). buds, flowers, and young fruits. Flowers lack Xy lem lacunae (resulting from disruption of the sclerenchyma, but around anthesis the cells of the protoxyrem) and mesarchy occur in the stamens. outer epidermis (exocarp) of the ovary enlarge 'fracheary elements of male flowers have annular radially into tanniferous macrosclereids. Scleren­ and particularly helical secondary wall patterns. chyma is lacking el'sewhere in fruits, which also seem to contain decreased amounts of tannin and crystals as they mature. A prominent intercell­ The male flowers lack sclerenchyma, collen­ ular-space system in the mesophyll is absent from chyma, secretory elements, or a prominent inter­ flowers but dev-elops in the inner layers and es­ cellular-space system in the mesophyll. The distri­ pecially in the septa of young fruits. Protoxylem butions of tannins and crystals noted above also lacunae occur in many carpellary bundles of the apply to much younger flowers (13 weeks before the fruits; such lacunae are more prominent in the anthesis, for example), the amount of tannin being basal parts of the strands. Secondary vascular somewhat ress however. The receptacle and ped'cel activity usually occurs in peduncles, receptacles, of a male flower are histologically similiar to the and (apparently) placental bundles of maturing sepals but have fewer crystals. fruits.

HISTOLOGY OF FEMALE The fruits are l'oculicidally dehiscent capsules. FLOWERS AND FRUITS The zone of dehiscence is marked at the outer epi­ dermis by lack of sclereid development, at the The bracts and fruits have a conspicuous cuticle mesophyll (mesocarp) by small, non-tanniferous, (3 millimicrons and 4 millimicrons, respectivel'y), thin-walled parenchyma cells, and at the inner epi­ the sepals and carpels a negligible one. Stomata are dermis ( endocarp ) by small, tanniferous, thin­ common on the bracts but are rare on all floral waned cells. Considerable expansion of cells else­ parts. The bracts, sepals, ovary, styles, and ovules where in the ovary results in two progressively are densely tanniferous. Epidermal cells of the enlarging (inner and outer epidermal) furrows at bract and sepals l'ack tannin. Tannin cells occur each pot-ential point of dehiscence. Dehiscence oc­ scattered throughout the mesophyll of the bracts, curs when the aforementioned small thin-walled except for their subepidermal layer. In sepals tan­ cells no longer can withstand the tension exserted nin does not occur in the 1 to 3 subepidermal lay­ on them. ers of mesophyll, but elsewhere in the sepal tannin ceIls may be either scattered throughout the meso­ phyll or concentrated in its outer parts. These con­ A COMMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIPS ditions may occur in sepals of the same flower. An OF SIMMONDSIA AND BUXACEAE intermediate condition combining both dense zona­ tion of tannin and a scattering of tannin cells is the Simmondsia always has had an isolated taxo­ most common. The inner and outer epidermal lay­ nomic position in the Buxaceae. The genus was ers of the gyneocium contain much tannin. Tannin first treated as a monotypic (S. chinensis is the cells occur in variable numbers throughout the only species) familial segregate Simmondsiaceae mesophyll of the styles but occur largely concen­ by van Tieghem in 1897. Increasingly in recent trated in the 2 to 6 outer, subepidermal layers years, evorutionary taxonomists (Airy Shaw, 1973; of the, ovary; isolated tannin cells also form in Novak, 1972; Takhtajan, 1966, 1969; Thorne, pers. interior parts of the ovary. Druses occur in non­ comm., 1975; Wagenitz, '1975) and anatomists, tanniferous mesophyll regions of all floral parts and especially parynologists and embryologists (Arch­ are most abundant in the bracts and sepal's. Long, angelsky, 1971; Melikian, 1968; Tsin-tan, 1964; 'lmiseriate, multicellular hairs (maximum 18 cells Wonderlich, 1967) have accepted this treatment on sepals) occur on both epidermal layers of the because of the very many distinctive morphological' bracts and sepals, sparsely so on the former, very and anatomical characters of the genus. The Bux­ densely so on the latter. The hairs on the female aceae (with or without Simmondsia) likewise have flowers are very similar to those on male flowers had a checkered career taxonomically, being placed but are longer and more numerous in the former. in Euphorbiaceae (Bentham and Hooker, 1880-83-a This is undoubtedly related to the persistence of disposition still and very erroneously accepted by the sepals in the female flowers. many Indian workers), Euphorbiales (= Tricoccae­ the traditional alliance), Buxales (Novak, 1972- placed next to Euphorbiales), Sapindales (= Cela­ The female flowers lack collenchyma and secre­ strales), ,Hamamelldales (Croizat, 1952; Hutchin­ tory elements. Their receptacl'es and peduncles are son, 1969, 1973), or simply a "very uncertain histologically similar to the sepals and as in male systematic position" in the angiosperms (Thorne, flowers, have fewer crystals. ' pers. comm., 1975; Wagenitz, 1975). I believe that 26 Photo: Dr, Howard Scott Gentry Seeds of Jojoba pictured above are about 11/4 natural size. Each triad represents an individual shrub.

27 the sum total of published and unpublished evi­ systematique." Doctoral Thesis, Universite de dence favors (a ) recognition of Simmondisaceae Toulouse. Toulouse : Les Freres Douladoure.. (4 ), and (b ) placement of ~lmmondsiaceae and the not 448 pp., 6 pI. [Printed copy.] closely related Buxaceae proper in or near Hama­ Sherbrooke, W. C., and E. F. Haase. 1974. Jojoba : melidales (the relationship with Euphorbiales is a wax-producing shrub of the Sonoran Desert: very unlikely, though it is stilI accepted by most literature review and annotated bibliography: taxonomists). I reserve final judgment on these Tucson, AZ : Office of Arid Lands Studies, Univer­ taxonomic matters, however, until I complete floral sity of Arizona, iv, 141 pp. anatomical studies of the Buxaceae proper. EDITOR'S NOTE: In response to requests for re­ cent research on Jojoba, a member of the Buxaceae BIBLIOGRAPHY family to which the genus Buxus (Boxwood) be­ The recent 145-page annotated bibliography on longs, we inaugurate a series of articles with this jojoba by Sherbrooke and Haase (1974 ) is quite research on floral' and fruit anatomy carried out by complete for the previous taxonomic and very ABS member, Professor Rudolf Schmid. The article meager anatomical work. Sherbrooke and Haase, presented below is part of a comparative study of howev,er, overIooked an important but little known various Buxaceae which the author initiated some monograph on Buxaceae (Mathou, 1939 ), which time ago and which is still in progress. contains a detailed account of vegetative anatomy of Simmondsia (pp. 411-424). The most compre­ hensive work on floral anatomy of jojoba is the Note: unpublished master's thesis by Gait (1964), which The American Boxwood Society introduced I am now revising to issue as a joint publication Jojoba to its members in October 1965. by Gail and myself (see footnote 1). A Desert Boxwood Still In The Desert - Dr. Gail, P . A. 1964. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Howard Gentry, Vol. 5, No.2, pgs. 32-36, October Schneider: Anatomy and morphology of flowers. 1965. M. A. Thesis, Claremont Graduate School, Cl'are­ Plant A Seed And Save A Whale - Dr. Howard mont, CA (2 ), 40 pp. [Unpublished, but abstract Scott Gentry, Vol. XII No.1, pgs. 8-1.1 , July 1972. in Bull. New Jersey Acad. Sci. 11 :43-44.] First International Jojoba Conference - Univer­ Mathou, T., 1939. "Recherches sur la famille des sitv of Arizona, Vol. XII No.2, pgs. 27-32, October Buxacees: etude anatomique michochimique et 1972.

.,. photo: Dr. Howard Scott Gentry Jojoba plants forming hedge at Soil Conservation Nursery, Tucson, Arizona 28 AN AMATEUR'S PRIMER OF BOXWOOD NOMENCLATURE

Mary A. Gamble

AMATEUR: a person who engages in a study, sport, or other activity for pleasure rather than for financial benefit or profes-­ sional reasons.

I am a boxwood amateur. I fell under the spell For example: I can copy from the American of the prant in December 1967 when a gardener Boxwood Society registration list of cultivars this friend brought my husband and me a great armful name: Buxus microphylla val'. microphylla Siebold of boxwood boughs as a Christmas gift to our & Zuccarini 'Compacta'; but how many amateurs house. will trouble to USe it all or, for that matter, appre­ ciate its detailed meaning? Practically speaking, I am a Midwesterner; and I was a victim of the the scholarly name is too long for the labels we regional myth that while boxwood is beautiful, use, too long to employ in everyday conversation, you can't grow it here. I moved through gardens and too rong to write in reference where limited and other plantings rich with boxwood and was space makes every pica count. If I reduce it to unaware of its presence. That IDvely Christmas Buxus microphylla 'Compacta' I am using a popu­ gift opened my eyes. I absorbed the rich green lar style which is brief, accurate and practical. It color and the elegance and symmetry of the ~ox­ gives the basic information of genus, species and wood leaves. I inhaled the strangely fascinating cultivar name. When abbreviated to B. m. 'Compac­ odor which, indoors, was more illusory than real. ta' it is facile in talk and saving in text. I knew then that this was a prant I wanted to study. Happily, I was situated to pursue that goal'. About a year ago I decided it would be useful to organize and write down what I think I have Through mutual membership in the St. Louis learned about pl?nt nomenclature. Such a record Herb Society I knew the late Dr. Edgar AndersDn. would provide a quick, permanent .reference when I had heard that he was an authority on boxwoDd. some rule or custom of nomenctature slipped my I asked myself, would he help me? The holidays mind. The result is this personal primer of box­ over, I asked him. His answer was "Yes"; and thus wood nomenclature with particular reference to began one of the most delightful and rewarding its popular use. studies of my life, which is now stretching intD a long one. "Some day you'll write a monograph on Many botanists and horticulturists have con­ bDxwood," Dr. Anderson told me, shortIy before tributed to my understanding of the subject. Dr. his death in 1969. Well, I won't do that; I won't Anderson introduced me to Buxus sempervirens, ever know enough. But I will continue to report the species on which his interest centered as he on what I hav'e learned through, first, the Boxwood sought to discover a strain· of Buxus sufficiently Study Group of the St. Louis Herb Society and, hardy to withstand the vagaries of what he called later, the Boxwood Society of the Midwest, suc­ the "chancy" Midwestern weather. cessor to the study group. And, as occasion war­ rants, I will continue to report on the projects and In ,recent years Dr. Peter Goldbl'att of the Mis­ activities of our Boxwood Society through which souri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, Missouri, has we further our educational and pleasureable pur­ generously and patiently answered my questions poses. and called attention to my errors. I' make more than I should. I can say only that the deeper I A specific area I determined to tackle was that have moved into what remains to me the arcane of boxwood nomenclature, as seen and practiced science of plant nomenclature, the more I appre­ from the amateur point of view. It has been 13 ciate the brilliance of its concept and the more I years since I began my struggre tD master first admire those who have mastered it. If there are er­ how to write correctly' the names of the bo~wood; rors in my primer, they are mine; needless to say, with which we in the Boxwood. Society work; and, I welcome their correction. My primer follows. second, to understand why they are' written as they are. From the beginning I have sought the popular PRIMER: any book of elementary principles. :ompromise between the scholarly which so often The Random House Dictionary IS cumbersome, and the general which so often The same rules govern the nomenclature of box- conveys this modicum of information, "boxwood". wood as govern the naming of all other plants. B~twee~ the two lies the popular style which They are based on the binomial syst'em of plant prldes Itself on botanical accuracy with a brevity nomenclature devised by Carolus Linneaus and set which leads to amateur acceptance and use. forth in his Species Plantarum published in 1753. 29 NOMENCLA TURE

photo: Boxwood Society of the Midwest

1. B. semp. 'Vardar Valley' 5. B. m. var. japonica 2. B. semp. 'Hermann von Schrenk' 6. B. semp. 'Inglis' 3. B. m. 'Green Pillow' 7. B. semp. 752056 (Becker) 4. B. semp. 'Pullman' 8. B. semp. 'Ste. Genevieve'

30 Under the Linnean system every pl'ant has a The dictionary defines cultivar as a variety of generic and a specific name, given in that order. plant that has been produced only under cultiva­ The generic name refers to the genus to which the tion. Bailey, in Hortus II, adds that it is "of botani­ plant belongs, genus being the usual subdivision of calor taxonomic importance." Cultivar is an inter­ a plant (or animal) family, usually consisting of nationally recognized term. Cul'tivar names and more than one species. their application are governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNC). The cultivar name may follow the gen­ The specific name refers to the species which is eric, specific or common name. EXAMPLE: Buxus the major division of a genus. The dictionary de­ 'Green Velvet', which coul'd also be written Buxus fines species as the basic category of biological cv. Green Velvet, follows the generic name, indicat­ classification composed of related individual's that ing that 'Green Vel'vet' is a boxwood cultivar. EX­ vesemble one another, are able to breed among AMPLE: Buxus sempervirens 'Agram' (favorite themselves, but are not able to breed with mem­ boxwood of the late Edgar Anderson) follows the bers of another species. specific name and gives us this additional informa­ tion about the plant. EXAMPLE: Buxus microphyl- Ia var. compacta - 'Helen Whiting' has the cul­ The generic name of boxwood is Buxus whose tivar name lollowing the common name. A cultivar roots are in the Greek word pyxis and the Roman may be a clone, seedling, hybrid, or sport. word buxis, a reflection of the historic use of the wood of box to fashion exquisite small box con­ tainers to hold precious objects. The plant family A CLONE is an ass·emblage of plants developed to which the genus Buxus belongs is the Buxaceae, by vegetative propagation (cuttings) from a single a small famil'y which includes pachysandra of two parent plant. Its name woul'd be written as Buxus varieties and sarcococca, called sweet box in our species followed by cultivar name written in either South. of the two styles mentioned. Cloning is the method commonly followed to perpetuate a desirable plant. EXAMPLE: Buxus sempervirens 'Aristo­ The generic and specific names of a plant are crat'. in Latin. The generic name is written with the first letter capitali:ced; the specific name is written in A SEEDLING may be either the result of con­ lower case. When these names are printed they ap­ troned breeding or the result of natural' or open pear in italics indicating a foreign language; when pollination. In the first instance a planting of seeds they appear in typescript they are underlined in­ may yield an assemblage of plants which resemble dicating italics. each other so closely as to be virtually identical and which are, in addition, sufficiently distinctive to warrant a name. EXAMPLE: Buxus micro- There are more than 80 known species of box­ phylla var. koreana 'Wintergreen'. An example of wood, each with its own specific name. More than open pollination is Buxus microphyZlavar. japonica half of these grow in the tropics or subtropics. In 'Morris Midget'. NOTE: In the· interest of brevity the Midwest two species are dominant the Euro­ the.se last two names could be written Buxus mi- pean Buxus sempervirens (described and named by crophylla 'Wintergreen' and Buxus microphylla Linnaeus in 1753) and the Asian Buxus microphyi- 'Morris Midget'. Ia (described and named in the Fl'ora of Japan in 1845). Each of these species has a number of var­ A HYBRID is a cross between two or more ieties or cultivars, each of which has its own name. species. A boxwood hybrid would be written as In addition, particularly in Buxus sempervirens, Buxus species x species 'Cultivar name'. In Hortus there are numerous clones which have never been II Bailey suggests a certain looseness exists in the named. These fall into the broad categories of the application of hybrid; in addition he gives these so-called "common" boxwoods of their respective variations which he calls half-hybrids: a cross be­ species. tween a species and a variety of another species; a cross-breed between plants of one species. The style in which the name of a plant is writ­ ten depends upon whether the plant is considered A SPORT is a plant or part of a plant that sud­ to be a variety or a. cultivar. A variety, generally denly shows distinct variation from the parent, a ~nder~tood to be a plant found growing in the wild, mutation which produces progeny of its own kind. IS entItled to a varietal name in Latin. It follows 'Compacta' is a notorious thrower of sports, several the generic and specific names and may be written of which have been registered and cloned. EXAM­ as var. (abbreviation for variety) followed by its PLE: Buxus microphylla var. microphylla 'Com­ Latin varietal .name in lower case italic. EXAM­ pacta'-'Helen Whiting'. For popuTar usage, Buxus ~LE: B~xus mtcrophylla var. koreana. If the plant microphylla 'Helen Whiting' would identify the IS ~ cultI.var,. as are many we deal with, it may be plant. written. m eIther of two ways: cv. (abbreviation for cultIvar) followed by the cultivar name in caps A new cultivar name cannot be the same as a and lo~er case; or cv. may be eliminated and the botanical or common name of a genus or the com­ name,.m caps and lower case, enclosed with single mon name of a species. And since January 1, 1959 quotatIOn mark~. EXAMPLE: Buxus sempervirens the rule has been that a cultivar must be given a cv. St~. GeneVIeve or Buxus sempervirens 'Ste. GeneVIeve'. common name in a modern language; no longer can a cultivar name be in Latin or Latinized. For 31 NOMENCLATURE

photo: Boxwood Society of the Midwest

9. B. semp,. 'Cliffside' 14. B. semp. 752049 (Tennessee) 10. B. m . var. compacta 15. B. semp. 'Pyramidalis Hardwickensis' 11. B. semp. 'MyrtifoIia' 16. B. semp. 'Edgar Anderson' 12. B .. semp. 752088 (Natchez) 17. B. m. var. koreana 13. B. semp. 'Salicifolia' 18. B. semp. 'Belleville'

32 example, when Buxus sempervirens 'HandswOJ"th­ told by Dr. J. T. Baldwin, Jr. in the American Box­ iensis' was registered in 1913 the name was accep­ wood Society Bulletin, July 1974, Vol. 14 - No. l. tabIe. Beginning in 1959 its name would have been Onl"y one plant can bear the same varietal or acceptable only as 'Handsworth' for the English cultivar name. If later study reveals a name has nursery where it originated_ already been properly published and used, the first published name has priority; the later name is For a cultivar to be named its description - then recognized as a synonym of the fi.rst. EXAM­ written in a modern language - must appear in a PLE: Buxus sempervirens 'Salicifolia' published in recognized and dated pUblication. For a new 1905 is noted as a synonym of Buxus sempervirens species or variety of boxwood to be named a des­ 'Angustifolia' published in 1756. The later name cription (or diagnosis) must be written in Latin cannot be changed or dropped. It has become a and published in a recognized scientific journal. part of the record and, as such, is part of the For both variety and cultivar a sprig of the plant plant's history. Internationally the American Box­ must be filed in a herbarium. This dried sprig is wood Society is the official registrar of new box­ the "type" by which botanists and horticulturists wood cuItivar names. throughout the world may study the plant. When a prant is given a double specific name such as A boxwood's botanical name is a convenience Buxus microphylla var. microphylla the discoverer and a point of reference. In addition, in those in­ of the variety usually is indicating its close resem­ stances where the name captures some individual blance to the "type", according to Dr. Goldblatt. quality, it deepens one's appreciation of the plant. Authorship is ascribed to the discoverer of a "But it is not meant to delineate the genealogy of species or variety (as Linneaus or Lamarck) but the plant," stresses Dr. Goldblatt. The plant's an­ not to the developer of a cultivar. Dr. Gordblatt cestry and history belong in narrative material points out that this individual is not credited in given as appropriateness and space permit. The b0- the botanical name. Thus Mr. William Appleby tanical name - even in its PQPufar usage - is pre­ who developed 'Compacta' is not credited. How­ cise and informative. And these are reasons enough ever, he is mentioned in the history of the plant as for the amateur to learn and use it.

NOMENCLA lURE

2\

photo: Boxwood Society of the Midwest

19. B. m~ var. ;aponica 'Morris Midget' 21. B. m. var. koreana 'Wintergreen' 20. B. semp. 752062 (Lincoln, Mass.) 22. B. m. 'Curly Locks'

33 Boxwood In American Boxwood Society Memorial Garden

1. Buxus sempervirens (Topiary) 30. Buxus sempervirens 'Anderson 798-34' 2. Buxus microphylla 'Henry Hohman' 31. Buxus sempervirens 'Longifolia' 3. Buxus microphylla var. Koreana 'Winter 32. Buxus sempervirens 'Latifolia J aponica Aurea' Beauty' 33. Buxus sempervirens 'Rotundifolia' 4. Buxus microphylla var. koreana 'Tall Boy' 34. Buxus sempervirens 'Pyramidalis' 5. Buxus mic1'ophylla var. koreana 'Pincushion' 35. Buxus sempervirens 'Inglis' 6. Buxus 'Green Mound' 36. Buxus sempervirens 'Latifol'ia Nova' 7. Buxus 'Green Velvet' 37. Buxus sempervirens 'Salicifolia Elata' 8. Buxus 'Green Mountain' 38. Buxus sempervirens 'Krossi-livonia" 9. Buxus 'Green Gem' 39. Buxus sempervirens 'Argentea' 10. Buxus microphylla 'John Baldwin' 40. Buxus sempervirens 'BelleviUe' 11. Buxus harlandii 'Richard' 41. Buxus sempervirens 'Hardwickensis 12. Buxus sempervirens 'BEF 35' (Mr. Blandy) Fastigiata'

13. Buxus sempervirens 'El'egantissima' 42. Buxus sempe1'virens 'Vardar Valley' 14. Buxus harlandii 43. Buxu,s sempervirens 'Latifolia BuHata' 15. Buxus sempervirens 'Herman Von Schrenk' 44. Buxus microphylla var. compacta 'Helen Whiting' 16. Buxus sempervirens 'Edgar Anderson' 45. Buxus sempervirens 'Glauca' 17. Buxus sempervirens 'Decussata' 46. Buxus sempervirens 'Fortunei Rotundifolia' 18. Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa' 47. Buxus sempervirens 'Arborescens UnduIifolia' 19. Buxus microphylla var. compacta 48. Buxus sempervirens 'Latifolia' 20. Buxus sempervirens 'Maculata' 49. Buxus sempervirens 'Northern Find' 21. Buxus sempervirens 'Handsworthii' 50. Buxus sempervirens 'Latifolia Marginata' 22. Buxus microphylla var. japonica 51. Buxus sempervirens 'Agram' 23. Buxus microphylla var. japonica 'Mor.ris Midget' (3 plants) 52. Buxus sempervirens 'Northland' 24. Buxus microphylla var. japonica 'Morris 53. Buxus sempervirens 'Ste. Genevieve' Dwarf' (3 plants) 54. Buxus microphylla 'Grace Hendricks Phillips' 25. Buxus himalayensis 56. Buxus sempervirens 'Pendul'a' 26. Buxus sempervirens 'Butterworth' 57. Buxus microphylla 27. Buxus sempervirens 'Prostrata' 58. Buxus sempervirens 'Latifolia Aurea 28. Buxus sempervirens 'Navicul'aris' Maculata' 29. Buxus sempervirens 'Salicifolia' 59. Buxus sempervirens 'Ponteyi' 34 BOXWOOD RESEARCH Editor's Note: Printed below is an abstract of a thesis: "Investigations of Interactions between Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa' and Pratylen- chus penetrans and/or Paecilomyces buxi. This work was done by Sandra Sardanelli at the Univer­ sity of Maryland as part of her requirements for a Master of Science degree. Her thesis was directed by Dr. Conrad B. Link, Professor of Horticulture. She received her degree in May and currently is working in the Nematology Laboratory, Depart­ ment of Botany at the University of Maryland. Sandra has been invited to prepare a paper for a future issue of the Boxwood Bulletin.

ABSTRAC1' Sandra Sardanelli

Greenhouse studies of interactions involving growth per plant, were exhibited by the majority Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa' L. (English box­ of the bOXWoods. Leaf discoloration progressed from wood), and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb 1917) a pale green to straw-yellow, with the leaf edges Sher and Allen 1953 (meadow nematode), and/or turning inward to the adaxiaf side. Volutella buxi Paecilomyces buxi (Link ex Fr.) Bezerra, consist­ was isolated from cankered twigs. ed of three experiments differing in age of plant, tIme of inoculation, and duration of treatment. Treatment refinements, to improve standard of proof, included variations in inoculum timing and varied inoculum dosages, with aseptic techniques applied to plant, nematode, fungus, and soil com­ ponents. CORRECTION

In the article entitled "In Appreciation" appear­ ing on Page 17 of the July 1981 issue of the Box- Experiments were arranged in a randomize? wood Bulletin (Vol. 21, No_ 1) a line was inadver­ block design, and conducted under cultural co 11:d 1- tently dropped from the first sentence of the sec­ tions considered favorable to growth of Enghsh ond paragraph. The compl'ete sentence should read: boxwood. Experimental data were subjected to "Professor Beecher drew up the design of the Split Plot Analysis. There were no significant dif­ Memorial Boxwood Garden at Blandy and, as Pres­ ferences between treatments in any of the three ident, has pushed its development until today it is experiments. the focal point of interest for visitors to ABS head­ quarters at Blandy Experimental Farm."

No previously reported root symptoms associat­ ed with decline of English boxwood were observed. Nematode populations declined over time from initial inoculum dosages to either low or undetect­ able levels. More nematodes were recovered from soil (96%) than roots (4 % ), with adult females at 75-80%, adult males at 17-22 %, and larvae at 0-3 % of total numbers recovered. Results involving a decreasing reisolation of P. buxi over time, from the root systems of fungus inoculated plants, were in agreement with previous reports.

During a period of high temperatures and rela­ tive humidity, cankered twigs and leaf discolora- tion, affecting approximately 1-5 % of the top ~o.~~~~~~~/~~~j.{~~~~ 35 MAILBOX

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND AMERICAN BOXWOOD SOCIETY Life Sciences Division of Agricultural and Boyce, Virginia College Park 20742 22620 11 May 1981 June 2, 1981 Dr. Albert S. Beecher Sandra Sardanelli 807 Sunrise Drive Department of Botany Blacksburg, Va. 24060 Univ. of Maryland Dear Dr. Beecher, College Park, MD 20742 Enclosed you will find the thesis copy that you Dear Sandra: were so kind to lend to me so many months ago - thank you once again for your thoughfulness! Congratulations on completing your research This spring I have finished my research and work towards your degree. other requirements for my Master of Science de­ gree, and I will be graduating this May. I have Many thanks for sending your thesis abstract­ also enclosed a copy of my Thesis abstract. I have for our library at our headquarters at the Blandy not yet published the results of my research, and Experimental Farm. We wouId like to include a my advisor would like me to do so before writing copy of your thesis. Would you be willing to send an article for the Boxwood Bulletin. As my grad­ us a copy? We will reimburse you for the cost of uate work was with the department of Horticul­ having it duplicated and mailed. ture, I will be publishing in a Horticultural I am forwarding your abstract to the Chairman Journal. of the Boxwood BulIetin Committee, Mr. Scot I am sending the thesis abstract to you to give Butler, and he will be in touch with you later con­ some idea of the nature of the study done, and to cerning a possible paper for the Boxwood Bulletin give you some time to think over what type of an after you prepare an article for a HorticuIture article you wouId like for the Bulletin. I would Journal. appreciate your sending me some guidelines when­ Best of luck to you for the coming year as you ever possible. continue your work in the Nematology Laboratory. I will continue to work in the Nematology laboratory, Department of Botany, Univ. of Md Sincerely, and you can.reach me at that address. Albert S. Beecher Thank you once again for your interest and Director helpfulness! American Boxwood Society Sincerel'y, 807 Sunrise Drive, SE Sandra Sardanelli Blacksburg, VA 24060

CHRISTMAS WORKSHOPS

The Blandy Experimental Farm, which serves wreath, a fresh green arrangement featuring a hur­ as Headquarters for the American Boxwood Socie­ ricane globe, and a nut basket creation. All the ty, has been offering Holiday Greenery Workshops basic materials will be provided, but participants to the public since 1972. Since many of the pro­ are asked to bring a pair of pruning shears, work jects feature boxwood, Blandy has asked the ABS gloves, and one and a half pounds of mixed, un­ Directors to co-sponsor this year's workshops. It is shelled nuts, baked for one hour at 200°. (They hoped that this co-sponsorship will result in mu­ may also want to bring a variety of small cones or tual benefits: more ABS members will participate pods to complement the nuts which are used to in the Holiday Greenery Workshops, and the com­ decorate the pine cone wreath and the nut basket.) munity that Blandy serves will learn more about Lunch wiH be provided. the ABS. The fee for the Workshop is $25.00. ABS mem­ bers who would like to attend-should send their Workshops will be held on December 5 and checks payable to "ABS - Holiday Greenery Work­ December 12, begining at 9:30 a.m. Each partici- shop" to the American Boxwood Society, P. O. Box pant makes a fresh green wreath, a pine cone 85, Boyce, VA 22620. 36 THE DOMINATION OF BOXWOOD

James C. Wilfong

(Wilfong Photo) Here in Salem, N.J. , is a boxwood lover's paradise. The walkway is entirely sealed, bu.t the owner simply uses another entrance.

In 1948 when Ambassador David K. E. Bruce On occasion we have been asked "Where is the placed His Lordship's Kindness on the market some tallest English box you have ever run across?" The things began to happen in our personal cultural mind turns to the Tidewater region for an answer. sphere. For one thing, we made the acquaintance But, we personally must go farther north. At of Georgian mansion architecture. For another, we Swan Harbor, in Maryland's Harford County, we met and fell in love with English boxwood. We encountered bushes more than ten feet tall. have sought out and .found outstanding exampl'es Through the centuries these have enjoyed the cli­ of both for some 32 years now. It may be that our mate where the Susqehanna meets the' Bay. On the shelves are groaning under the weight of some other hand, th~ Old Mansion on the eastern fringe 5,000 or more photographs but we have some sat­ of Bowling Green, Virginia, has dozens of bushes isfying thoughts tucked away among our reminis­ nearly as massive. This area is distinctly inland. cences. We also have a ring of English box circling our sun dial that grew to present foot-high status In Calvert County, Maryland, which is now from tiny slips in flower pots in a high-rise apart­ home country, two estates having magnificent box­ ment house. Their lineage is superb. Old Trinity, wood come to mind. Both a,re on St. Leonard's Gunston Hall, Montpellier, Bostwick, St. Paul's in Creek, made famous by Commodore J-oshua Barney Kent County and a dozen more sites come to mind. in his stand against the British in the War of 1812. 37 One is Bennett Place, the home of Dr. Thomas MEMBERSHIP Gordan Bennett, retired Superintendent of Schools. The number of bushes here staggers the imagina­ The American Boxwood Society tion and some of these stand head high. The adjoin­ ing property is Spout Farm where its bushes are slightly larger, but less numerous. July 1981

Personally, we look on boxwood as the most pleasant and affordable of plants. It has its domi­ Following is an alphabetical listing, by last neering side, though. We know of four instances name of members of the American Boxwood So­ - - three in Prince George's County, Maryland and ciety 'as of July 1, 1981 based on payment of dues one in Salem, New Jersey -- where the pas~ages of for the membership year, May 1, 1981 through centuries-old box-bordered walkways have become April 30, 1982. This list was compiled by the ABS totalIy sealed by glorious greenery. What have the Bulletin Committee which wishes to acknowledge owners done to counteract this personal inconven­ with gratitude the voluntary help rendered by Mrs. ience? Why, simply used a different doorway. We Herbert A. Solenberger and Mrs. Frederick F. admire an appropriate answer to a difficult ques­ Sturm in formatting the names. tion.

In all, there are currently 675 individual mem­ bers on the rolls. The list of these members pub­ lished below does not include institutional' sub­ scribers nor does it indicate the category of mem­ bership of those listed. The previous published list of members (July 1977) showed a membership of 564. Of that membership 388, or almost 70 percent, are still members today and account for nearly 60 percent of the current membership_

We regret that space limitations prevent the inclusion of the addresses of members in this is­ sue. It is likely that some members favor the pub­ l"ication of addresses, others prefer that addresses not be published and still others a.re indifferent. We would appreciate hearing from you regarding the publication of addresses and will print the next membership on the basis of your response.

If you receive this issue of the Bulletin and your name is not in the listing below will you kind­ ly inform us so that we may conform the mailing l"ist and the membership list. If there is an error in the spelling of your name or in your title will' you also kindly inform us so that we may correct it. Please address all correspondence concerning this list to: Mr. Scot Butler, Chairman, ABS Bul­ (Wilfong Photo) letin Committee, The American Boxwood Society, Box 85, Boyce, Virginia 22620. Twenty year ago the boxwood · at Maryland's Swan Harbor stood more than 10 feet in height. (See Membership List Next Page) 38 MEMBERSHIP LIST

Adams, Mr. Robert W. Briggs, Mrs. Dale S. Adkerson, Mr. J. Carson Briggs, Mr. George B. Adkinson, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Brooks, Mr. Wilson M. Allen, Mr. Edward D. Brown, Mr. J. W., Jr. Alley, Mr. and Mrs. Francis A. Brown, Mr. John P. Anderson, Mr. Bruce Brown, Mr. Michael A. Anderson, Mrs. Edward Brown, Mrs. W. Lyons Anderson, Mr. James J. O. Bryan, Mr. Tennant Anderson, Mrs. James J. O. Buckler, Mr. James R. Anderson, Katherine D. Burgess, Mrs. G. McCoy Appell, Mr. Louis J., Jr. Burton, Mrs. George W. Ariail, Mr. Robert W. Burton, Mr. VerneH M. Artzt, Mr. Norbert S. Butler, Joan C. Austell, Suzanne C. Butler, Mr. John H. Averitt, Mr. J. T., Jr. Butler, Mr. Lee D. Butler, Mr. Scot Bachara, Dr. Gary Butterworth, Mr. Jack Baden, Mr. James Buxton, Mr. W. D. Baden, Jeanne F. Badger, Mrs. David H. Cabaniss, Mrs. Robert W. Bailey, Mr. Russell Callahan, Mr. Bobby Baker, The Reverend Charles E. Callaway, Mrs. Fuller E., Jr. Baker, Mrs. David, Jr. Camp, Mrs. Thomas J., Jr. Baldwin, Mr. H. Furlong Campbell, Mr. Carl L. Barba, Mrs. J. 'William Canning, Mr. D. C. Barbee, Mr. H. Randol'ph, Jr. Carr, Mrs. Cray B. Barbour, Miss Jane Carr, Mr. Thomas E. Barker, Harriet Albro Carter, Mr. Thomas T. Barron, Robin Ann Case, Mrs. Paul E. Barrow, Mrs. John P., Jr. Chappell, Mrs. R. Harvey; Jr.. Bassford, Mrs. Ralph I. Charlesworth, Mrs. Stuart M. Batchelder, Mrs. Philip Chatelain, Mr. Leon, III Batdorf, Mr. Lynn R. Chingos, Mr. Theodore G; Bayard, Mr. Thomas F., III Chism, Mrs. Ruby P. Beach, Mr. Eliot F. Chism, Mr. William J. Bear, Marie Louise Chooljian, Mr. Harry Bechtol, Mr. Theodore R., Jr. Christopher, Mrs. Robert Beecher, Professor Albert S. Clark, Mr. William E. Beecher, Mrs. Mildred P. Clarke, Mrs. Athalie R. Benham, Mrs. H. K. Clarke, Mrs. James McC .. Bennett, Dr. Thomas G., Sr. Cl'aytor, Mrs. W. Graham, Jr. Berry, Mr. Charles H. Cloud, Mr. Warren T. Berry, Mrs. Heath Cochran, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S., Jr. Billerbeck, Mr. W. J. Coiner, Mr. Edgar R. Blackburn, Dr. Benjamin Coit, Mr. Lew G. Blanchard, Mr. Peter P., Jr. Colbert, Mrs. E. E. Bishop, Mr. Randall Kent Coleman, Mrs. Frances W. Bl'ack, Mrs. William Coleman, Mrs. Harry L. Blee, Mrs. Harry H. Cook, Mr. Kenneth H. Boitnott, Mr. Lawrence W. Cooke, Mr. Paul D: Boler, Jewell Cooley, Mr. A. Crawford Bond, Mrs. Everett Costello, Mr. William F., Jr. Bonner, Mrs. Thomas Cotey, Mrs. H. F. BonsaI, Mrs. Philip Courtney, Mrs. Thomas P. Bottorff, Mr. Albert N., Jr. Covington, Mr. H. O. Boudreau, Mr. James A. Cox, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Bowes, Jeanne Coxe, Mrs. T. C., Jr. Boyd, Mr. John Michael Cravens, Katherine E. Boyd, Mr. John W., Jr. Crawford, Mrs. Hammond Bradley, Mr. Jay W. Cronshaw, Mr. William H. Brannock, Mr. Samuel E. Crutcher, Dorothy A. Breckenridge, Mrs. Scott Cushing, Mrs. George W. Bridges, Mr. Hugh Cutler, Mr. Herbert H. 39 Dalrymple, Mr. Arch, III Flory, Mrs. 1. Lynnwood, Jr. Damask, Mr. Arthur C. Flory, Dr. Walter S. D'Amato, Dr. Paul' H. Fowler, Dr. and Mrs. Francis D. Danielewicz, Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Fox, Mrs. Charles D., III Daubenspeck, Mr. J. B. Frackelton, Mr. Robert L. Daugherty, Mrs. Elizabeth T. Frackelton, Mrs. Robert L. Davidson, Mr. Howard C. Fraher, Mr. E. S. Davis, Mr. Burke Francis, Mr. Lewis W., Jr. Davis, Mrs. Dalphin A, Jr. Freeman, Mr. O. Edward, Jr. Davis, Mr. J. Blackwell Frey, Mr. William S. Davis, Mrs. J. Blackwell Friant, Mrs. Julien N. Davis, Mrs. Ralph M. Friedle, Mr. ,William Davis, Mr. Ridgley E. Frogale, Mr. William C. Davison-Sexton, Mr. Robert Frost, Mrs. Dayton H. DeButts, Mrs. Harry A. Fulton, Mr. JamesL., Jr. Dechert, Mrs. Philip Della Ratta, Mr. Joseph M. Gadberry, Mr. Edwin, Jr. Denn, Mr. Ralph Gregory, III Gallagher, Mr. James T. Dennis, Mrs. Al'fred P. Gamble, Mrs. D. Goodrich Deshazo, Mr. Thomas D., III Garrett, Mrs. Lois M. Dick, Mrs. Charles H. Gerry, Mrs. Roger G: Dilatush, Mr. Thomas Ghramm, Mrs. J. H. , Dinnen, Mr. Joseph R Gibb, Mrs. Duncan C. Di Zerega, Mrs. rl'homas William Giles, Mrs. Donald T. Donoho, Mrs. John F. Gill, Ms. Virginia H. Donovan, Mrs, William J. Gillaugh, Mr. William F. Dorsey, Mr. John-N., Jr. Gillespie, Mrs. A. R Dorsey, Mr. Ralph N. Gillespie, Mrs. W. Curt Dougherty, Mrs. Daniel Gilpin, Mrs. Tyson, Jr. Dudley, Mrs. Thom,as U. Ginsburg,Mr. David Dugdale, 'Mr. Arthur A. Glenn, Mr. Donald W. Dugdale, Mrs. Arthur A Goddard, Helen K. Duncan, Frances C. Goddard, Mr. ,Richard M. Durham, Mrs. Luther Goodfellow, Mr. Thomas Gottfried, Mrs. Robert A. Earle, Mr. John G. Graves, Mr. W. B. Early, Mrs. P. S. Gray, Mr. William A. Eaton, Mr. Alden R Greene, Mr. Luther Ebersbach, Mrs. Richard Greenwood, Mr. A. A. Edmonds, Mr. C. M. Gregg, Mrs. Will R. Edwards, Mr. Lloyd G. Griffin, Col. Allen Eley, Mrs. Claude E., Jr. Gore, Mr. Bryan Elliott, Mr. Matthew F. Guyton, Dr. W. L. Elser, Mrs. J. Robert Gwaltney, Mrs. Chesley R Emmet, Mrs. Eustis Estes, Mrs. Walter Haggerty, Mrs. John J. Estill, Mrs. Harry F. Haithcock, Mr. Maynard Ewert, Mr. L. H. Haldeman, Mrs. Paul Ewert, Mr. Thomas E. Hall, Mr. James Dulany, Sr. Ewert, Mrs. Thomas E. Hall, Mrs. Neville G., Sr. Hall', Dr. Thomas B., III Fair, Mrs. Imogene C. Hallowell, Mr. H. Thomas, Jr. ~aiszt, Professor James A Halpin, Mrs. Gerald T. Farnsworth, Mrs. Palmer Hamilton, Mrs. Stickney Farrar, Mr. J. B. Hamner, Dr. James L. Farrar, Mr. William B. Hanes, Miss Lindsay P. Feagans, Mr. Robert R. Hanna, Mr. Thomas C. Feil, Mr. Henry M. Hanning, Mr. Larry R Fenimore-Cooper, Mrs. H. S. Harding, Dr. Warren G., III Fenton, Dr. and Mrs. Budd Harley, Dr. John F. Ferguson, Mr. Gerald W. Harlow, Mr. J. R Ferguson, Mr. J~ T. Harris, Dr. Charles U. Fifield, Mrs. Clifford Crane Harris, Mr. S. Henry, Jr. Figuers, Mr. Horace H. Hart, Mrs. John H. Fischer, Mrs. Ida Harton, Mr. W. R, Jr. Fisher, Mr. Frederick S. Hartshorne, Mrs. Richard Fiske, Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Harvey, Mr. Thomas C. Fitzgerald, Mrs. R A. Hatch, Mrs. William N. Fleet, Mr. S. Dougl'as Havemeyer, Mrs. Horace, Jr. Fletcher, Louise Haynes, Mr. Richard P. Flora, Mr. J. Randolph Hearn, Mrs. Sam H. 40 Helmers, Mrs. J 0 Ella Latham, Mrs. Robert· E. Helsper, Mr. Charles H. Lawrence, Anne I. Hendricks, Dr. D. Ewell Lawrence, Miss Elizabeth Henke, Mrs. Patricia Lawrence, Mr. Robert DeT., Sr. Hilo2rt, Mr. Philip F. Learned, Miss Lorna Hill, Mrs. Jay French Lebert, Mrs. Frederick Hill, Mr. O. Halsey Leedy, Dr. Paul D. Hilton, Mrs. Robinson LeGrand, Mrs. John Q. Hirschler, Mrs. Edward S. Leide, Mr. Rudolph E. Hite, Mrs. H. Rod Lewis, Mr. Charles S.,Jr. Horahan, Elizabeth Lewis, Mrs. E. U. Holden, Mrs. Elaine Ewing Lewis, Marion Park Homer, Dr. and Mrs. J. B. Lewis, Mrs. Warner Hooff, Mr. John C. H. Libhart, Mr. Henry M. Hopkins, Mr. J. T., Jr. Link, Dr. Conrad B. Horrell, Mrs. Kathleen B. Litten, Mr. C. D., Jr. Host, Mr. Jerome E. Livingston, Mrs. Robert C. Hotinger, Mrs. J. A. Lohse, Mr. Austin W. Houghton, Mr. Woodson P. Loveland, Mrs. Samuel C., Jr. Howell, Mrs. Harry A. Loving, Mr. Lunsford L. Howland, Mrs. Waldo Lowman, The Reverend H. Ruffner, Jr. Huffman, Mrs. J. Carlyle Lucius, Mr. William C. Hunter, Mr. Blake Ludington, Mrs. F. H. Huntington, Mrs. Prescott B. Lund, Mrs. Joel Hupman, Lt. Col. (ret.) R D. Lytle, Mrs. Scott H. Hurley, Mr. Richard D. Hussey, Mr. R. J. Hutchison, Mrs. Richard H., Jr. MacGuigan, Mrs. John F. Hyer, Mr. and Mrs. Walter F., Jr. MacIntosh, Mrs. Charles A. Mackie, Mrs. Paul' T., Jr. Iden, Mrs. Thomas C. MacLean, Mr. Stephen A. Iouchheim, Mr. Donald Madden, Mr. J. :£<'red Irby, Mrs. Lrewellyn H. Mahone, Mr. Bir.harrl D. Irby, Mrs. Marvin R Mak, Mr. and Mrs. Dayton Manning, Mrs. Ellis Jackson, Miss Evelyn H. Manning, Mr. Frank E. J arman, Mrs. S. H. Manza, Mrs. Fabrienne Jennings, Mr. Robert B. Mars, Mrs. Forrest E. Johnson, Kay M. Marshall, Mrs. Catherine DeC. Johnson, Mr. Robert Erwin Martin, Mr. Donald W. Jones, Mr. G. Curtis Martin, Mr. and Mrs. H. Christopher Jones, Josephine R Massengale, Mrs. Robert N. Jones, Mr. WyfordD. Massengale, Mr. and Mrs. William.F. Juergens, Mrs. David Massey, Mrs. Linton Kabrich, Mrs. Randolph Matheson, Mrs. Malcolm, Jr. Kegley, Mr. Jack ·N. Matuszak, Mrs. Frank A Keith, Mrs. Isham Maughan, Mr. Sydney . Kellogg, Mrs. Spencer, II Maynard, Mrs. Leonard H. Kemp, Mr. John G. Mays, Mr. and Mrs. William N. Kirby, Mrs. Andrew C. McCarty, Mrs. J. B. Kirtland, Mr. Grayson M. McClure, Mrs. James Clark Knorr, Mrs. John K, III McCoy, Carol'yn W. Knowles, Mrs. George B., Jr. McCoy, Mrs. T. Haliburton Knox, Mr. Thomas F. McCracken, Col. T. E. Koman, Mr. and Mrs. Allen A. McCracken, Mr. Gustavus R Krivoy, Mr. Harold L. McFadden, Dr. Samuel E., Jr. Kurapka, Mrs. Peter J. McGhee, Mr. George Kuykendall, Mrs. J. Sloan McGhee, Mr. Hobson C. Kysor, Mr. Harley D. McGhee, Mrs. Hobson C. McGhee, Mrs. James H. Lafferty, Edgar R, III McGovern, Mrs. Francis H. LafoUette, Mr. John o. McIntosh, Mrs. Ann A Laine, Mr. Crawley A, Jr. McKenney, Mrs. W. Gibbs Laine, Mrs. L. Noe McKinne, Mrs. Collin Lambe, Dr. R C. McKown, Mrs. Gilbert C. Lamond, Mr. A. Slater McNally, Mrs. James. A LaMotte, Mr. F., III McRorie, Mrs. William E. Lanser, Andree McSwain, Mrs. Ruby C. Large, Mrs. Maurice R McVay, Mr. Joseph, Jr. Larson, Mr. P. D. Meade, Mrs. Edwatd R 41 Medlin, Mrs. Edith D. Peters, Mr. James W., Jr. Merten, Mrs. Mary L. Petron, Mr. WalterO. Metcalf, Mrs. Houghton P. Pettit, Mrs. Joseph M. Miller, Mr. Carl Ferris Phillips, Mr. A. L., Jr. MirIer, Dr. 'and Mrs. Ira Phillips, Mr. Charles R. Miller, Mr. Pierson K. Phillips, Mr. Douglas W. Millhiser, Mr. Ross R. Phillips, Miss Jacqueline B. Mingis, Mr. and Mrs. T. C. Phillips, Mr. Samuel R. Mitchell, Mr. Hugh Maxwell. Jr. Pinkerton, Mr. John E. Moncure, Miss Anne E. Pitney, Mr. James C. Moncure, Mr. C. Braxton Plater, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Moore, Mr. G. Thomas, Jr. Plowden-Wardlaw, Mrs. Thomas C. Moore, Mrs. Kenneth Poor, Dr. Robert W. Morison, Mrs. N. H. Potter, Mr. Samuel B. Morris, Mrs. S. F., Jr. Powell, Mrs. L. C. Morrison, Dr. Graham. Powers, Judge and Mrs. Ralph W. Morrison, Mrs. N. F. H. Preston, Mr. and Mrs. Winfield S., Jr. Morton, Mrs. S."L. Prewitt, Mrs. Richard Moss, Mr. Roger W., Jr. Price, Mr. A. C. Moudry, Mr. Gerard J. Puller, Mr. and·Mrs. J. B., Jr. Moxon, Mr. John Pullman, Mr. William A. P. Muldoon, Mr. Wade E. Munger, Mrs. Ralph Rabb, Mrs. Miriam Murphy, Edith M. Ralston, Mr. Eugene H. Murphy, Mrs. G. F. Ramey, Mrs. John T. Murray, Mr. A. J. Ratrie, Mrs. Turner Murray, Mr. Maurice J. Rauch, Mrs. Karl B. F. Mushinski, Dr. J .. Frederic Rauth, Mrs. Evylon D. Myers, Mrs. Madeline B. Rea, Mrs. Gilbert Mygatt, Mr. and Mrs. Frederic E. Reed, Mr~ David B. Reeson, Mr. Claude Nettles, Mrs. Kathryn C. Reister, Mrs. Raymond A. Neville, Mrs. Irvin. L. Remsburg, Vera B. Newman, Mr. Jack Rhoads. Mr. Paul H. Nichols, Dean James R. Rice, Mr. Charles W. Nichorson, Mrs. C. E., Jr. Richardson, Mr. John D., II Nickell, Mr. Lehman P. Richardson, Miss M. L. Nicklin, Mr. James L. Richardson, Mrs. Vernon Britt Nielsen, Mr. Orsen N. Rieley, Mr. William D. Noland, Mr. Steve Riley, Mrs. Chester L. North, Mr. Richard D. Rissetto, Mr. Harry A. Norton, Mr. Jeffrey D. Roberts, Mrs. John B. Oakl~y, Mr. Thomas M. Roberts, Mr. Wilton O'Brien, Mr. Albert Robertson, Mrs. Samuel T. O'Connell, Mrs. Harold A. Robinson, Mrs. J. Kenneth O'Dell, K. B. Rochat, Mrs. George O'Leary, Mrs. Julian P. Rockafellow, Mr. J. David Oliver, Mr. James E. Rockwell, Mr. M. A. Oliveta, Mr; Frank J. Roper, Mrs. Harvey Louis Orsen, Mr. Ken Rosebroch, Mrs. Charles Olson, Mr. Carl Rosenberg, Mrs. Albert L. Orem, Mrs. E. Bayly Rosenberger, Mr. Will'iam, Jr. O'Rourke, Mr. F. L. Steve Rougny, Mrs. P. L. Otey, Mr. Charles L. Rowe, Mrs. Stanley M. Ruley, Mr. Willis L. Paine, Dr. W. H. Palmer, Mr. John A. Saner, Lois A. Parham, Col. Harry C. Sardanelli, Sandra Parsons, Mr. Alison J. Saufley, Mr. Wilmer H. Patteson, Mrs. Ashby S. Saunders, Mr. E. Gurley Peace, Mr. S. T., Jr. Schambs, Mr. Cyrus W. Peacock, Mary Eyre Schappa, Mr. Joseph F., Jr. Peal, Mrs. Margaret W. Scheetz, Mrs. J. Paul Pearce, Mrs. B. C. Schiller, Mrs. Morgan B. Peebles, Mrs. David L. Schmid, Professor Rudolph Peete, Marianna Jones Scott, Mrs. Frederic W. Peete, Dr. William P. J. Scott, Mrs. Pierson Penhale, Mrs. George E. Seilheimer, Mr. and Mrs. C. H., Jr. Pennyroyal, Mrs. Antone Rodgers Seipp, Mrs. William C. Perlmutter, Mrs. Saul Semple, Mr. Robert B. Peter, Mr. Armistead, III Sernak, Mr. Cyril W. 42 Senior, Mr. Enrique Trotter, Dr. John F. Shaner, Mr. Daniel H. Tuttle, Mr. John V. Shanley, Mr. Seton Tyler, Mrs. Alice C. Sharp, Miss Estelle L. Vaden, Mr. and Mrs. E. Rogers Shea, Mrs. Vincent Vaden, Mr. Jim Sheehan, Capt. W. J. VanDevender, Dr. F. Karl Sherwood, Mrs. D. H. Vaughan, Mrs. Bina C. Shriver, Mrs. James M. Veach, Mrs. John B. Shughart, Mrs. Dale F. Vermeulen, Mr. J. Peter Shutt, Mrs. L. O. Shutt, Mr. Thomas S. Wagenknecht, Dr. B. L. Siegel, Mr. John B., Jr. Wamwright, Mrs. Charles W. Simmons, Mary Ann G. Walker, lvlr. and Mrs. Hugh A. Simpson, Mr. ::;amuel F., Jr. Walker, Mrs. Louise B. Sinclair, Mr. Richard G. Walsh, Lt. Col. Frederick, Jr. Singleton, Dr. W. Ralph Waiter, Mrs. Charles W. Skinner, Dr. Henry T. Waiting, Dr. Daniel Slonaker, Mrs. Dailey R. Walton, Mr. Duront A. Smith, Professor A. G., Sr. Wampler, Mr. D. M., Jr. Smith, Mr. C. L. Ward, Mrs. Roger C. Smith, Mr. Douglas R. Ward, Mrs. W. O. Smith, Mrs. Harry K. Ware, Mrs. James L. Smith, Mr. Howard W., Jr. Ware, Mr. Wilson C. Smith, Mr. John B. Warner, Mrs. Kenneth O. Smithers, Mr. C. Francis Warrell, Mr. J. E. Smithers, Mrs. C. Francis Wartman, Dr. William B. Smithers, Mrs. J. Westwood Warwick, Mrs. Nelson D., Jr. Snead, Dr. L. O. Weaver, Mrs. Robert S., Jr. Snyder, Mrs. A. E., Jr. Weeks, Mr. Elie Soienberger, Mr. Herbert A. We!dhaas, Professor John A., Jr. Solenberger, Mrs. Herbert A. Welsl, Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Sowder, Mrs. Janet D. Weiss, Mrs. Fred Spears, Mrs. Frank Weitzell, Mr. E. C. Speese, Dr. Bernice M. Wel'sh, Miss Frances G. Spencer, Dr. Henry S. Weston, Marybeth L. Stanley, Mr. Edmund A., Jr. Whitcomb, Mr. Harold W. Starke, Mrs. Virginia D. White, Mrs. Charles S. Starr, Mr. Richard F. S. Whiting, Mrs. E. M. Whiting, Mr. F. B. Stebbins, Mrs. A. H. Stengle, Dr. James M. Whiting, Mr. James H. Stern, Mr. Henry F. Wickham, Capt. W. C. . Stetson, Mrs. John M. Wiener, Mrs. Alexander L. Stevenson, Mr. Thomas Wiley, Mrs. James L. Steward, Mr. Larry Wilfong, Mr. James C., Jr. Stewart, Mrs. J. F. M. Wilkening, Mrs. Mark W. Stock, Mr. Edward L., Jr. Willard, Mrs. Roger H. Stolz, Dr. John C. Willetts, Mr. Vincent H. Stone, Mrs. Benjamin J. Williams, Mrs. A. Garland Stritikus, Mr. and Mrs. George R. Williams, Betsy Stuffle, Mr. Sam B. WiIliams, Mrs. Betty Jean Stull, Mrs. C. Meade Williams, Ms. Diahn Sturm, Mrs. Frederick F. Williams, The Reverend J. L. B. Swisher, Mr. Harold M., Jr. Williams, Mr. John R. Switzer, Dr. George Williams, Mr. Richard B. Sykes, Mrs. J. M. Williams, Mrs. Walter Williamson, Mr. David Symmes, Mr. Harrison M. Wills, Dr. Wirt H. Talley, Dr. and Mrs. Lilburn Wilson, Mrs. R. T., Jr. Taylor, Mr. J. E. Wilson, Mrs. Orme Tegge, Mrs. Charles Winstead, Mr. Emerson C. Thayer, The Honorable Robert H. Wise, Caroline E. Thomas, Mr. Danny, Jr. Wisecarver, Mr. Walter D., Jr. Thompson, Mr. Addison B. Wisecarver, Miss Camille Thompson, Mrs. Ann N. Wolf, Mr. Howard A. Thomson, Mrs. Walter S. Wolf, Mrs. T. K. Til1ey, Mr. John J., Jr. Woltz, Mr. Charles Killion Timberlake, Mrs. Frank S. Woodard, Dr. and Mrs. Prince Toane, Mrs. L. Goode Wright, Mrs. Burdette S. Trigg, Lois B. Yakaitis, Mr. Joseph A. Tr!mble, Mrs. I. Ridgeway Youree, Mr. Hall TrImble, Mr. and Mrs. William C. Youree, Mr. James H. 43 Holiday Decorations

photo: Colonial Williamsburg Libby Hodges Oliver using boxwood and apples for a decoration.

photo: Allen Studio for National Trust Boxwood "kissing ball" over one of the entrance hall doorways in Oatlands at Christmas time. 44 FOR YOUR ADDRESS BOOK THE AMERICAN BOXWOOD SOCIETY If your letter is concerned with Membership, new or renewal Payment of dues INFORMATION Donations to research programs Change of address Address: Box 85, Boyce, Virginia 22620 Gift Membership Ordering back issues of the Bulletin Ordering Dr. Wagenknecht's List DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

General information about the Society Regular membership dues of The American Box­ wood Society are now $5.00. This includes a sub­ Advice concerning boxwood problems or cul­ scription to The Boxwood Bulletin. tural information Boxwood selection Non-member subscriptions are for groups and Memorial Gifts institutions such as botanic gardens, libraries, etc. These are $6.00 a year, and run by the calendar year. Write to:

American Boxwood Society The Boxwood Society year runs from one Annual Box 85 Meeting to the next; from May of one year to May of the next year. Those joining the Society at other Boyce, Virginia 22620 times are sent all the Boxwood Bulletin issues for the current Society year, beginning with the July In some cases, depending upon the nature of number. Their dues are then again due and payable your request, your l'etter may be forwarded to a in the following May. This was voted by the So­ member of the Board or another appropriate mem­ ciety in order to lighten as far as P9ssible the heavy ber who can provide the help you have requested. work load of our busy Treasurer. You are also welcome to write directly to the president of the American Boxwood Society: At the present time any or all Bthlletins are avail­ able, back to Vol. 1, No.1 (Vol. 1 consists of three Mr. Richard D. Mahone issues only, there was no Vol. 1, No.4). Price per P: O. Box 751 single copy is $1.50. Williamsburg, Virginia 23185

Besides regular membership dues at $5.00 per year, there are other classes of membership avail­ able: Contributing, $10.00; Sustaining, $25.00; Life, $100.00; and Patron, $500.00. If you have contributions for the Boxwood Bulle­ tin - articles, news notes, photographs, suggestions of anything of probable interest to boxwood people, it Contributions are welcome for the Research saves time to direct them to the Editor: Fund, the Boxwood Memorial Garden, and the Boxwood Handbook. Mrs. Charles H. Dick, Editor Gift memberships are announced to the recipi­ The Boxwood Bulletin ents by boxwood-decorated cards which carry the 514 Amherst Street information that The Boxwood Bulletin will come Winchester, Virginia 22601 as your gift four times a year. or Mr. Scot Butler Members of The American Boxwood Society are Chairman of the Bulletin Committee reminded of the 1968 ms decision that contribu­ P. O. Box 184 tions to and for the use of the Society, are deducti­ Bluemont; Virginia 22012 ble by donors as provided in Section 170 of the Code. M embership in The American Boxwood Society

For ______

From ______

The Boxwood Bulletin will be sent to you quarterly.

Gift Membership in the American Boxwood Society

If you are looking for a gift for a friend, why not give a membership in the American Boxwood Society. During the year, they will receive four issues of the Boxwood Bulletin . Above you see a reproduction of our gift card just as it would go to one of your friends announc­ ing your gift membership. The cost is $5.00 for one year and $10.00 for two years. Send your gift re­ quest to the Treasurer, Mrs. Katherine Ward, P .O. Box 85, Boyce, Virginia 22620.