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October 1981 the Boxwood Bulletin a QUARTERLY DEVOTED to MAN's OLDEST GARDEN ORNAMENTAL

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October 1981 the Boxwood Bulletin a QUARTERLY DEVOTED to MAN's OLDEST GARDEN ORNAMENTAL October 1981 The Boxwood Bulletin A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO MAN'S OLDEST GARDEN ORNAMENTAL Photo: American Boxwood Society The eternal beauty of a sprig of boxwood. Boyce, Va. Vol. 21 No.2 Edited Under The Direction Of THE AMERICAN BOXWOOD SOCIETY The Boxwood President ______________ Mr. Richard D. Mahone 1st Vice President ____ Mrs. Robert L. Frackelton Bulletin 2nd Vice President __ Mr. H. Thomas Hallowell, Jr. Secretary ____________________ Mr. Dayton Mak _O_c_to_b_e.....:r,:....-19_8_1__________ V_ol_._2_1_N_o_.2 Executive Treasurer . ______ .Mrs.. Katherine. Ward EDITOR - Mrts. CHARLES H. DICK DIRECTORS Term Began Term Ends Prof. Albert S. Beecher 1979 1982 INDEX Mr. Scot Butler ________ 1979 1982 Mr. Thomas Ewert ______ 1979 1982 Floral And Fruit Anatomy Of Jojoba Prof. James A. Faiszt 1981 1984 (Simmondsia chinensis) ________________ 25 Mr. Will'iam A. Gray 1981 1984 Mr. Harrison Symmes 1981 1984 Rudolph Schmid An Amateur's_______________________________________ Primer Of Boxwood Nomenclature 29 Registrar: Dr. Bernice M. Speese Mary A. Gamble P. O. Box 1589 Williamsburg, Va. 23185 Boxwood In ABS MemoriaI Garden __________ 34 Address: The American Boxwood Society, Boxwood Research ABSTRACT ___________________________ 35 Box 85, Boyce, Virginia 22620 Sandra Sardinelli MAILBOX _______________________________ 36 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION Christmas Workshops ______________________ 36 Date of Filing: Sept. 2, 1981 1. Title of Publication: The Boxwood Bulletin. The Domination Of Boxwood ________________ 37 2. Frequency of issue: QuarterlY. James C. Wilfong 3. Location of Known Office of Publication (Sl'reet, city. coun· ty, state, rip code): Blnndy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Membership of ABS _______________________ 38 Virginia, 22620. 4. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Office Membership List ___________________________ 39 of the Publishers (Not printers): Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Virginia 22620. 5. Names and Address of Publisher, Editor, and Mana::;LTJg Editor: Publisher, The American Boxwood Society, Boyce, ILLUSTRATIONS Virginia 22620; Editor, Mrs. Charles H. Dick, Winchester, Virginia 22601. 6. Owner: (If owned by a corporation, its name and address Cover: American.Boxwood Society must be stated and also immediately thereunder the names Jojoba seed _______________________________ 27 and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of stock. If not owned by a cor· photo: Dr. Howard Scott Gentry poration, the names and addresses of the individual owners must be given. If owned by a partnership or other incor· Jojoba plants ______________________________ 28 porated firm, its name and address, as well as that of each individual, must be given.) Name, The American Boxwood photo: Dr. Howard Scott Gentry Society, Boyce, Virginia, 22620 (Incorporated; Non·stock, non-profit Organization.) Nomenclature Specimens _____________ 30, 32, 33 7. Known Bondholders, Mortgages, and other Security Hold­ photos: Boxwood Society of the Midwest ers Owning or Holding 1 percent or more of Total Amount of Bonds, Mortgages or Other Securities (If there arc none, so state): None. Boxwood in Salem, N. J. ____________________ 37 photo: Wilfong (lSSN 0006 8535) Boxwood at Maryland's Swan Harbor ________ 38 Entered as second-class mail matter at Post Office photo: Wilfong Boyce, Virginia American Boxwood Society HoTiday Decorations ________________________ 44 Printed in U. S. A. by photo: Colonial Williamsburg Carr Publishing Co., Inc., Boyce, Va. photo: Allen Studio for National Trust FLORAL AND FRIDT ANATOMY OF JOJOBA (SIMMONDSJA ClDNENSIS) 1 Rudolph Schmid Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. This article is reprinted, by permission of the author, from Memorias de la II Conferencia Inter­ nacional sobre la Jojoba y su Aprovechamiento (Minutes of the II International Conference on J 0- joba and Its Development), Ensenada, Mexico, Feb­ ruary 1976, published in September 1978. ABSTRACT The content of this article is the comparative analysis between the male and the female flower histology of the Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERS result. Two (1-4) large bracts subtend each female flower. There are usual1y 5 (4·6) distinct, foliace­ Jojoba ($immondsia chinensis [Link] C. K. ous sepals, which enlarge to 10 to 20 mm and per­ Schenneid). is dioecious, the male flowers occur­ sist to partly enclose the fruit. The 3- or some­ ring in sessile or very shortly pedunculate capitate times 4-locular superior ovary (the taxonomic clusters, the female flowers norrriaUy being solitary literature indicates 2- or 3- locular) is sur­ on short axillary peduncles. Both male and female mounted by 3 or 4 long, linear, hairy papillose flowers lack nectaries and petals. Rudimentary styles that are deciduous after anthesis. Plac­ ovaries or staminodia/rudimentary stamens are entation is axile (a compitum is present), with 1 lacking from, respectively, male and female flow­ or sometimes 2 anatropous ovules occurring per ers. Bracts and perianth parts are pubescent; sta­ loculus. The fruit is a coriaceous, acornlike, typical­ mens and ovaries are glabrous. ly one-seeded capsule usually 15 to 20 (up to 30) mm long. Dehiscence is loculicidal. The seeds are The .relationship between the bracts and the mostly about 15 (13-17) mm long and have a male flowers is variable and imprecise. Male flow­ brown/black coriaceous seed coat (testa), very lit­ ers are up to 4 mm long and have usually 5 (4-6) tle or no endosperm, and thick, fleshy cotyledons. distinct sepals and 8 to 16 (the taxonomic litera­ ture gives 10-12) stamens. Each stamen consists of HISTOLOGY OF MALE FLOWERS a very short filament and a large erect, extrorse The sepals have a conspicuous cuticle (3 milli­ anther. At anthesis the filaments elongate about 2 microns thick on the outer epidermis, 1.5 millimi­ mm . to exsert the anthers above the sepaTs and crons on the inner), the stamens a negligible one bracts. Pollination is by wind. (except by the stomium). Stomata are rare on all floral parts. The sepals are very tanniferous, espec­ Female flowers are larger than male flowers ially at their tips. Tannin cell's are concentrated (10·12 mm versus 3·4 mm) and occur on recurved largely in the outer 3 to 6 mesophyll cell layers of peduncles such that inverted flowers and fruits the .sepal, whereas numerou~ druses (in enlarged cells) occur mostly in the inner Tayers. In contrast, all mesophyll cells of the sepal tips are tanniferous, I but few cells here contain crystals. The epidermis 1 My friend Peter A. Gail (now a professor of ecology at Cleveland State University) turned over of the sepals lacks tannin, but the outer epidermal" to me his microscope slides of and master's thesis layer bears long uniseriate,· multicellular hairs (1964·see biblography) on Simmondsia to prepare (maximum 26 cells). a joint publication. The present brief account is Epidermal cells of filaments and anthers bear based on much new slide material and was written much tannin. Inner Tayers of the stamens have largely independently of Gail's thesis. The final de­ little tannin (most of which occurs with the vas­ ta~led report on floral anatomy of jojoba (goatnut) cular tissue) and only moderate numbers of druses, ~Ill reVIse. Gail's data and will be a joint contribu­ which are especially rare in the short filaments. tIon by Gall and myself. The endothecial cel1s of" the "anthers are relatively 25 large but otherwise are of the type common to Vascul'ar bundles of bracts and all floral parts flowering plants. The pollen grains are 33 milIi­ of female flowers are collateral and have endarch microns in diameter, trip orate, with a tectate exine xylem. There is, however, more phloem in carpel­ of irregularly shaped plates that form a pseudo· lary bundl'es than in other strands. Annular and frustillate pattern. especially helical secondary wall patterns pre­ dominate on the tracheary elements. Pitted waH thickenings also occur on tracheary elements of Vascular bundles of the sepals are collaterai, bracts and sepals. with much xylem of end arch maturation, whereas those of the anthers and filaments are amphicribral or occasionally collaterar (the latter, however, with Fruits: The above description applies to floral phloem nearly entirely enveloping the xylem). buds, flowers, and young fruits. Flowers lack Xy lem lacunae (resulting from disruption of the sclerenchyma, but around anthesis the cells of the protoxyrem) and mesarchy occur in the stamens. outer epidermis (exocarp) of the ovary enlarge 'fracheary elements of male flowers have annular radially into tanniferous macrosclereids. Scleren­ and particularly helical secondary wall patterns. chyma is lacking el'sewhere in fruits, which also seem to contain decreased amounts of tannin and crystals as they mature. A prominent intercell­ The male flowers lack sclerenchyma, collen­ ular-space system in the mesophyll is absent from chyma, secretory elements, or a prominent inter­ flowers but dev-elops in the inner layers and es­ cellular-space system in the mesophyll. The distri­ pecially in the septa of young fruits. Protoxylem butions of tannins and crystals noted above also lacunae occur in many carpellary bundles of the apply to much younger flowers (13 weeks before the fruits; such lacunae are more prominent in the anthesis, for example), the amount of tannin being basal parts of the strands. Secondary vascular somewhat ress however. The receptacle and ped'cel activity usually occurs
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