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Porting a Window Manager from Xlib to XCB
Porting a Window Manager from Xlib to XCB Arnaud Fontaine (08090091) 16 May 2008 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version pub- lished by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Contents List of figures i List of listings ii Introduction 1 1 Backgrounds and Motivations 2 2 X Window System (X11) 6 2.1 Introduction . .6 2.2 History . .6 2.3 X Window Protocol . .7 2.3.1 Introduction . .7 2.3.2 Protocol overview . .8 2.3.3 Identifiers of resources . 10 2.3.4 Atoms . 10 2.3.5 Windows . 12 2.3.6 Pixmaps . 14 2.3.7 Events . 14 2.3.8 Keyboard and pointer . 15 2.3.9 Extensions . 17 2.4 X protocol client libraries . 18 2.4.1 Xlib . 18 2.4.1.1 Introduction . 18 2.4.1.2 Data types and functions . 18 2.4.1.3 Pros . 19 2.4.1.4 Cons . 19 2.4.1.5 Example . 20 2.4.2 XCB . 20 2.4.2.1 Introduction . 20 2.4.2.2 Data types and functions . 21 2.4.2.3 xcb-util library . 22 2.4.2.4 Pros . 22 2.4.2.5 Cons . 23 2.4.2.6 Example . 23 2.4.3 Xlib/XCB round-trip performance comparison . -
Head-Order Techniques and Other Pragmatics of Lambda Calculus Graph Reduction
HEAD-ORDER TECHNIQUES AND OTHER PRAGMATICS OF LAMBDA CALCULUS GRAPH REDUCTION Nikos B. Troullinos DISSERTATION.COM Boca Raton Head-Order Techniques and Other Pragmatics of Lambda Calculus Graph Reduction Copyright © 1993 Nikos B. Troullinos All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Dissertation.com Boca Raton, Florida USA • 2011 ISBN-10: 1-61233-757-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-61233-757-9 Cover image © Michael Travers/Cutcaster.com Abstract In this dissertation Lambda Calculus reduction is studied as a means of improving the support for declarative computing. We consider systems having reduction semantics; i.e., systems in which computations consist of equivalence-preserving transformations between expressions. The approach becomes possible by reducing expressions beyond weak normal form, allowing expression-level output values, and avoiding compilation-centered transformations. In particular, we develop reduction algorithms which, although not optimal, are highly efficient. A minimal linear notation for lambda expressions and for certain runtime structures is introduced for explaining operational features. This notation is related to recent theories which formalize the notion of substitution. Our main reduction technique is Berkling’s Head Order Reduction (HOR), a delayed substitution algorithm which emphasizes the extended left spine. HOR uses the de Bruijn representation for variables and a mechanism for artificially binding relatively free variables. HOR produces a lazy variant of the head normal form, the natural midway point of reduction. It is shown that beta reduction in the scope of relative free variables is not hard. -
Editors Desk ...2
The content of this magazine is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. For more information visit user http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 TM Issue #1 - April 2009 EDITORS DESK ................................ 2 COMMUNITY NEWS ........................ 3 CHOOSING A DE/WM ...................... 4 HARDENING SSH IN 60 SECONDS .................................... 6 GAMERS CORNER .......................... 9 TIPS & TRICKS ............................... 10 PIMP MY ARCH .............................. 11 SOFTWARE REVIEW ......................12 Q&A ..................................................14 EEDDIITTOORRSS DDEESSKK Welcome to the first issue of Arch User Magazine! ARCH USER STAFF Daniel Griffiths (Ghost1227) ........... Editor ello, and thank you for picking up issue #1 of Arch User Magazine! While David Crouse (Crouse) .......... Contributor the vast majority of you probably know me (or have at least seen me H around the forums), I feel that I should take a moment to introduce myself. My name is Daniel Griffiths, and I am a 26-year-old independent contractor in Delaware, US. Throughout my life, I have wandered through various UNIX/Linux systems including (but not limited to) MINIX, RedHat, Mandrake, Slackware, Gentoo, Debian, and even two home made distributions based on Linux From Scratch. I finally found Arch in 2007 and instantly fell in love with its elegant simplicity. Some of our more attentive readers may note that Arch already has a monthly newsletter. With the existence of the aformentioned newsletter, what is the point of adding another news medium to the mix? Fear not, newsletter readers, I have no intention of letting Arch User Magazine take the place of the newsletter. In fact, Arch User Magazine and the newsletter are intended to fill two very different needs in the Arch community. -
Distribution Choice and Preferred Method of Coffee Making with A
Distribution choice and preferred method of coffee making with a quick look at bean-grinding behavior among humans Distribution choice and preferred method of coffee making with a quick look at bean-grinding behavior among humans A quick comment of the results 2 Summary of linux usage 2 Distro usage 2 DE usage, total 4 DE usage by distro 5 Ubuntu 5 Manjaro 6 Fedora 6 Debian 7 Mint 7 Elementary 8 Pop! OS 8 Open SUSE 9 Zorin 9 Coffee making methods 11 Summary 11 Bean-grinding preferences 12 Bean handling and distro usage 13 Coffee making method by distribution choice 14 Distribution choice by coffee making method 15 Case study: Elementary 16 Conclusion 16 End of the document 17 1/20 Distribution choice and preferred method of coffee making with a quick look at bean-grinding behavior among humans A quick comment of the results We have 182 responses, which clearly is a representative sample of all linux users globally, so the results obtained can be considered accurate, valid, significant and scientific. In the following chapters, we display graphs of the data. The data is provided in tabular form for more science in the end of the document. The raw data and this report can be downloaded at https://rampantpanda.com/coffee-and-distro/ Summary of linux usage Distro usage 2/20 Distribution choice and preferred method of coffee making with a quick look at bean-grinding behavior among humans DE usage, total Excluding Windows, MacOS and all the ones I didn’t recognize. From the data (see the end of the document) we can conclude that Cinnamon users can’t really type and i3 users are really specific. -
Door & Window Manufacturer Magazine
™ Free Subscription Form on Page 50 $500 DOOR & WINDOW MANUFACTURER MAGAZINE VOLUME 9/ISSUE 7/JULY-AUGUST 2008 Focus on Wood Wood Products • IWF Preview • Wood Products on Display • Glass: An End to One Size Fits All? • 2007 Expansions and Acquisitions Data • AAMA Review THE FUTURE OF FENESTRATION MANUFACTURING IS IN YOUR HANDS Signature Series Introducing the Signature™ and Allure™ Series—Truth’s breathtaking new handle sets for the sliding patio door market are elegant and revolutionary in design. Truth has designed a unique set of patio door handles created to enhance any size patio door. Handle Sets Offer: • The opportunity to customize your door through escutcheon style options • Compatible with industry standard single or multi-point mortise locks • Handles to fit stile thickness ranging from 1.25″ to 2.25″ Signature Series • Optional key lock cylinders • Inactive configurations for OXXO doors • Extended bosses on inside and outside escutcheons to enhance handle stability • Truth’s Signature Series are available in plated decorative finishes on solid brass Allure Series or painted finishes on zinc • Truth’s Allure Series are available in painted finishes on an aluminum base Signature SERIES For more information visit www.truth.com or call 1-800-866-7884. S-GLAZE™ STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE ™ DWMDOOR & WINDOW MANUFACTURER MAGAZINE CONTENTS VOLUME 9/ISSUE 7/JULY-AUGUST 2008 www.dwmmag.com 34 features departments What’s News . 12 22 Climate Control Energy and Environmental News. 20 Is the same low-E glass right for every geographic region? The answers are Introducing . 46 varied. See what the industry has to say about the subject. -
Kali Linux Obligation De Partition Gpt
Kali Linux Obligation De Partition Gpt Ethnocentric and honeyless Parrnell shootings some amritas so laigh! Zacharias is disillusioning: she foams lumpily and belly-flopped her wind. Biyearly Wyn abate some occupations and excuse his berth so rheumatically! The same problem from your cover you can be visited, de linux partition gpt partitioned hard These problems de dados sobre essas parties forward, kali linux obligation de partition gpt, kali linux academy is reasonable command program, and very large scale data in! Xpath expression can be filled with the kali linux obligation de partition gpt and what can continue building. The obligation to contribute to do to recreate a cloud computing speed variable has lost one below half wasted with kali linux obligation de partition gpt partitions alignment with? Some models and translate or bad habit of kali linux obligation de partition gpt partition table that vendors are only other mobile phones and resources holding shift key? Any obligation to kali linux obligation de partition gpt. Windows, OS X, and Linux that features: checkbook style transactions, purchase itemization, reporting tools, more. Formal art is essentially rational. The full functionality of this structure is beyond the scope of this book. Linux distro becomes our extended and a national substantive and kali linux obligation de partition gpt schemes are? One of the more common questions in digital forensics deals with the interpretation of data found stored in the flash memory of a device. After we chat with that need of kali linux obligation de partition gpt. Otherwise available with gpt schemes which are reallocated to read them look at how that order to kali linux partition gpt. -
Desktop Environments Jeffery Russell and Tim Zabel
Desktop Environments Jeffery Russell and Tim Zabel Please sign in! http://bit.ly/ritlug-2020 Keep up with RITlug outside of meetings: ritlug.com/get-involved, rit-lug.slack.com Desktop Environments: when terminals just won't do it What makes a desktop environment (DE)? A desktop environment typically contains two major components: - Window Manager Manages windows, icons, menus, pointers - Widget Toolkit - Used to write applications with a unified look and behavior GNOME 3 - Easy to use - “Most” Popular - Great Companability - Nautilus as default file manager KDE Plasma - Uses Dolphin file manager - Easy to use - Very uniform software stack like GNOME Xfce - Lightweight - Easy to use - Thunar file manager Cinnamon - Fork of GNOME 3 - Nemo File Manager - Crist look - Tons of desklets - Very stable MATE - Extension of GNOME 2 - Caja File Manager Unity - Not technically its own DE but a shell extension for GNOME - This is known for giving Ubuntu its iconic sidebar LXQt - Very Lightweight - Easy to use Pantheon - DE designed for Elementary OS - OSX like interface - Looks amazing - Due to simplicity, it is missing some things that are commonplace in other DEs (limited customizations) Deepin - Simple - Very elegant - Developed by a Chinese community Performance? Source: https://itsfoss.com/linux-mint-v s-ubuntu/ Equinox (EDE) - Very lightweight - Last stable release was in 2014 - Reminiscent of windows 9x interface Questions? Window Managers WMs ● Specifically controls placement and appearance of windows ● Doesn’t come with any other integrated tools -
A Brief Introduction to Linux
ABriefIntroductiontoLinux What is it? What can I use it for? Alexander B. Pacheco LTS Research Computing September 8, 2015 Outline 1 Introduction to Linux 2 Linux Components 3 Live Demo 2/25 Introduction to Linux Unix History I Unix was conceived and implemented in 1969 at AT&T Bell labs by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. First released in 1971 and was written in assembler. In 1973, Unix was re-written in the programming language C by Dennis Ritchie (with exceptions to the kernel and I/O). The availability of an operating system written in a high-level language allowed easier portability to di↵erent computer platforms. The GNU Project, started in 1983 by Richard Stallman, had the goal of creating a “complete Unix-compatible software system” composed entirely of free software. 386BSD released in 1992 and written by Berkeley alumni Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz. FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and NextStep (Mac OSX) descended from this Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote and released MINIX, an inexpensive minimal Unix-like operating system, designed for education in computer science Frustated with licensing issues with MINIX, Linus Torvalds, a student at University of Helsinki began working on his own operating system which eventually became the ”Linux Kernel” Linus released his kernel for anyone to download and help further development. 4/25 Unix History II Linus’s message to comp.os.minix on Aug 26, 1991 Hello everybody out there using minix - I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. -
Tiling Window Managers
Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta Tiling Window Managers Aline Abler April 4, 2016 Tiling Window Managers 1 Aline Abler Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta Table of Contents What will we learn today? I What is a window manager? I What makes it tiling? I Why is tiling cool? I How does it work? I How do I put it on my system? I Which one should I use? Tiling Window Managers 2 Aline Abler Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta Functionality of Window Managers Well, it manages windows You already have one Tiling Window Managers 3 Aline Abler Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta Functionality of Window Managers Stacking Window Managers Each window is freely draggable and resizable Tiling Window Managers 4 Aline Abler Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta Functionality of Window Managers When do we call it tiling? I Windows are arranged for you I They always take up the entire screen I You always see all of them How is that better? Tiling Window Managers 5 Aline Abler Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta How to tile windows Tiling approaches List vs. Tree Tiling Window Managers 9 Aline Abler Overview Window Managers Tiling Algorithms Getting Started Demos Meta How to tile windows List based tiling I Windows are internally represented as ordered list I Arrangement is based on their positions in the list I Numerous ways to do this Tiling Window Managers -
Xmonad Tutorial for Beginning Beginners Documentation Release 1.0
Xmonad Tutorial for Beginning Beginners Documentation Release 1.0 Avery Laird February 22, 2017 Contents 1 Introduction to using Xmonad3 2 Installing Xmonad 5 2.1 Install xmonad and some handy tools..................................5 2.2 Configuration and tweaking (and maybe some more installing).....................5 3 Configuring Xmobar 7 3.1 Final thoughts..............................................8 4 Configuring Stalonetray 9 4.1 What Next................................................9 5 Configuring Xmonad.hs 11 5.1 Xmonad file structure.......................................... 11 5.2 Configure Xmonad............................................ 11 6 The .xsessionrc File 13 6.1 Further Tweaks.............................................. 13 7 Wallpaper 15 8 Handling External Media 17 9 Power Management in xmonad 19 10 Indices and tables 21 i ii Xmonad Tutorial for Beginning Beginners Documentation, Release 1.0 If you are wanting to get started with using Xmonad, but are new to ubuntu or unix-like systems and/or new to setting up window manager environments yourself, this is the tutorial for you. It will not go into great depth for the sake of simplicity, but I will cite some other sources where you can find the more complicated explanations. Contents: Contents 1 Xmonad Tutorial for Beginning Beginners Documentation, Release 1.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction to using Xmonad The most important thing to understand about Xmonad is that it was created as a barebones, no distractions window manager. Because of this, there is a lot of customization and tweaking involved to get a working environment you are completely happy with. This may seem like a downside. However, consider the control one now has over their desktop environment – the sky’s the limit. -
Preliminary Report: Xmonad Practical Course – Contributing to an Open-Source Project Chair for Chair for Logic and Verification Technical University of Munich
Preliminary Report: XMonad Practical Course – Contributing to an Open-Source Project Chair for Chair for Logic and Verification Technical University of Munich Yecine Megdiche 1st of December 2020 1 Introduction and definitions XMonad is a “dynamically tiling X11 window manager that is written and configured in Haskell”. It is designed to be “lightweight, minimal, extremely customizable and crash-free”. This window manager is entirely usable with just the keyboard, with optional mouse support [1]. It is considered as one of the well known “real-world” software written in Haskell1. 1.1 Definitions • X11 Window System: The most used GUIs manager on UNIX-Like Operating Systems [2]. • Window Manager: The ArchWiki [3] defines a window manager as a “system software that controls the placement and appearance of windows within a windowing system in a graphical user interface.” – Tiling Window managers: Window managers who place win- dows in non-overlapping tiles are called tiling window managers, in contrast to stacking or floating window managers. [3] 1https://github.com/xmonad/xmonad/issues/93#issuecomment-298145660 1 2 XMonad: Short History and Motivation Spencer Janssen, one of the original authors of XMonad, used dwm2 as his window manager. Dwm is a tiling window manager, written and configured in C. That inspired him to create a similar project in Haskell, which he, Don Stewart, and Jason Creighton worked on. Brandon S. Allbery helped them make XMonad compliant with the “Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual” rules defined by X11.[4] XMonad was announced on the 22nd of April 2007 by Spencer Janssen over at the Haskell-café mailing-list [5]. -
Formalisation and Execution of Linear Algebra: Theorems and Algorithms
Formalisation and execution of Linear Algebra: theorems and algorithms Jose Divas´onMallagaray Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Dr. D. Jes´usMar´ıaAransay Azofra Dr. D. Julio Jes´usRubio Garc´ıa Departamento de Matem´aticas y Computaci´on Logro~no,June 2016 Examining Committee Dr. Francis Sergeraert (Universit´eGrenoble Alpes) Prof. Dr. Lawrence Charles Paulson (University of Cambridge) Dr. Laureano Lamb´an (Universidad de La Rioja) External Reviewers Dr. Johannes H¨olzl (Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen) Ass. Prof. Dr. Ren´eThiemann (Universit¨atInnsbruck) This work has been partially supported by the research grants FPI-UR-12, ATUR13/25, ATUR14/09, ATUR15/09 from Universidad de La Rioja, and by the project MTM2014-54151-P from Ministerio de Econom´ıay Competitividad (Gobierno de Espa~na). Abstract This thesis studies the formalisation and execution of Linear Algebra algorithms in Isabelle/HOL, an interactive theorem prover. The work is based on the HOL Multivariate Analysis library, whose matrix representation has been refined to datatypes that admit a representation in functional programming languages. This enables the generation of programs from such verified algorithms. In par- ticular, several well-known Linear Algebra algorithms have been formalised in- volving both the computation of matrix canonical forms and decompositions (such as the Gauss-Jordan algorithm, echelon form, Hermite normal form, and QR decomposition). The formalisation of these algorithms is also accompanied by the formal proofs of their particular applications such as calculation of the rank of a matrix, solution of systems of linear equations, orthogonal matrices, least squares approximations of systems of linear equations, and computation of determinants of matrices over B´ezoutdomains.