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Potential Design, Implementation, and Benefits of a Feebate Program for New Passenger Vehicles in California

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Potential Design, Implementation, and Benefits of a Feebate Program for New Passenger Vehicles in California TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL REPORT - APPENDICES A-E Contract UCD 08-312 Potential Design, Implementation, and Benefits of a Feebate Program for New Passenger Vehicles in California Principal Investigators Dr. David S. Bunch ([email protected]) Dr. David L. Greene Dr. Timothy Lipman Dr. Elliot Martin Dr. Susan Shaheen Prepared for: State of California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency Research Division P. O. Box 2815 Sacramento, CA 95812 Prepared by: University of California, Davis Institute of Transportation Studies One Shields Avenue 2028 Academic Surge Davis, CA 95616 February 2011 DISCLAIMER The statements and conclusions in this Report are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Research Teams and Acknowledgements .................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................ 10 A. Survey Instrument ......................................................................................................................... 10 California Feebates Survey ......................................................................................................................... 10 B. Focus Group Summaries and Protocols .................................................................................. 22 B.1. Individual Focus Group Summaries ............................................................................................... 22 Focus Group #1 Summary: Conducted in Sacramento, CA, July 28 2009 ............................................ 22 Focus Group #2: Conducted in Fresno, CA, July 30, 2009 .......................................................................... 32 Focus Group #3: Conducted in Irvine, CA, August 4, 2009 ........................................................................ 42 Focus Group #4: Conducted in El Monte, CA, August 5, 2009 .................................................................. 49 Focus Group #5: Conducted in Oakland, CA, August 11, 2009 ................................................................. 57 Focus Group #6: Conducted in San Diego, CA, August 12, 2009 ............................................................. 65 Focus Group #7: Conducted in Sacramento, CA, August 25, 2009 ......................................................... 73 Focus Group #8: Conducted in Oakland, CA, August 26, 2009 ................................................................. 82 Focus Group #9: Conducted in El Monte, CA, September 1, 2009 .......................................................... 92 Focus Group #10: Conducted in San Diego, CA, September 2, 2009 .................................................. 100 Focus Group #11: Conducted in Fresno, CA, September 9, 2009......................................................... 110 Focus Group #12: Conducted in Fresno, CA, September 10, 2009 ...................................................... 119 B.2. Feebate Focus Group Screener (all focus groups) ................................................................... 128 B.3. Feebate Focus Group Questionnaire (all groups) .................................................................... 132 B.4. Feebate Focus Group Protocols ...................................................................................................... 134 C. Interview Summaries ................................................................................................................. 146 C.1. Summary of Findings: Automaker Interviews .......................................................................... 146 C.2. Automaker and Dealer Interview Questions ............................................................................. 149 C.3. Automaker Interviews ....................................................................................................................... 151 C.4. Auto Dealership Interview Summaries ....................................................................................... 178 D. Lessons Learned Program Details ......................................................................................... 203 D.1. Canada ..................................................................................................................................................... 203 D.2. Denmark ................................................................................................................................................. 206 D.3. France (Bonus/Malus)....................................................................................................................... 212 D.4. Germany ............................................................................................................................................ 218 D.5. The Netherlands ............................................................................................................................ 220 D.6. Norway .............................................................................................................................................. 226 D.7. Spain ................................................................................................................................................... 231 D.8. Sweden .............................................................................................................................................. 235 4 D.9. United Kingdom ............................................................................................................................. 238 D.10. United States Gas Guzzler Tax ............................................................................................. 241 D.11. References ........................................................................................................................................... 246 E. Cars on Steriods (Knittel) ......................................................................................................... 247 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure B 1 Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 1) ........................................... 24 Figure B 2 Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group2) ............................................ 34 Figure B 3 Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 3) ........................................... 43 Figure B 4 Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 4) ........................................... 50 Figure B 5 Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 5) ........................................... 58 Figure B 6 Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 6) ........................................... 66 Figure B 7: Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 7) ......................................... 74 Figure B 8: Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 8) ......................................... 83 Figure B 9: Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 9) ......................................... 93 Figure B 10: Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 10) .................................. 101 Figure B 11: Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 11) .................................. 111 Figure B 12: Number of Vehicles in Participant Households (Group 12) .................................. 120 Figure D 1 Canadian Vehicle Efficiency Incentives ............................................................................. 204 Figure D 2 Danish Feebate Structure in Miles per Gallon and US Dollars.................................. 207 Figure D 3 Danish Feebate Structure in Gallons per Mile and US Dollars.................................. 208 Figure D 4 Energy Label Displayed on New Vehicles in Dealer Showrooms ............................ 209 Figure D 5 Average fuel economy of new personal vehicles by month ...................................... 210 Figure D 6 Average CO2 emissions of new personal vehicles by year ........................................ 211 Figure D 7 Distribution of new gasoline vehicles by energy class and calendar year ........... 211 Figure D 8 Distribution of new diesel vehicles by energy class and calendar year ............... 212 Figure D 9 France’s Bonus/Malus Fee and Rebate Schedule (Current €) ................................. 213 Figure D 10 Change in distribution of passenger car registrations before and after implementation of Bonus/Malus ............................................................................................................... 216 Figure D 11 Average emissions (grams CO2 per kilometer) of new passenger
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