The Fringed Gentian™ a Publication of Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Fringed Gentian™ a Publication of Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc AUTUMN 2019 / WINTER 2020 VOL. 67 NO. 3 THE FRINGED GENTIAN™ A PUBLICATION OF FRIENDS OF THE WILD FLOWER GARDEN, INC. describing the benefit to children of just being Let Nature Be Your in nature: “There was one group of all girls, Teacher: Summer and they had a lot of energy, so we spent a lot of time just running on the trails outside the School at the Garden Garden. It was a free-form experience. We’re not “teaching”—yes, we are introducing By Kyla Sisson Garden Naturalist , concepts—but it’s more about being out in nature and learning that that’s a fun thing.” There’s a season for everything in the Garden: trout lilies, tree frogs, warblers, and—most Continuing a Legacy anticipated of all—summer school students. Eloise Butler grew up in a rural area, where she Visit in June, and you might catch sight of the was able to roam the woods as a child. When showy lady's slipper…but come in July, and she began teaching public school students in you could witness 10-year-olds magically Minneapolis’ city center, she knew how turning into birds, traveling 10,000 years into important it was to introduce them to nature. the past to melt glaciers, comparing bog Over 100 years later, the transportation grant acidity to the pH of their tongues, and funded by the Friends supports the work of learning to use binoculars for the first time. Garden staff to continue the story Eloise started, providing subsidized transportation for Science Immersion low-income youth to experience their park Every summer, hundreds of rising fourth and system. Thanks to this support, the Garden is fifth graders from Minneapolis Public Schools made more accessible and continues to serve as visit the Garden for its summer school field a place where urban kids get to learn through trip program. Although most school groups their senses, explore their own questions, and visiting the Garden only stay for an hour, develop relationships with plants and animals summer school students are immersed in without leaving the city. The summer school nature for most of their school day. Aligned program with the Minneapolis Public School with science standards for their grade level, district at Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden the program explores the concept of and Bird Sanctuary celebrated its 11th season adaptations. Half the day focuses on birds, this year. Garden staff continue to build using games and hands-on play to investigate connections with schools, youth groups and how birds have adapted to survive in their youth-focused programs to bring more kids habitats. For many children, the highlight into the wilds of Wirth Park. In fact, since the is the opportunity to see birds up close. It’s Garden Program Coordinator position was often the most wiggly students who become created in 2007, the number of visiting youth glued to their binoculars, sitting statue-still who have participated in programs led by and hushing their peers as woodpeckers swoop Garden naturalists has grown by over 325%. onto the feeder. The other half of the day is Staff member Mark Emmons planting which hazel for the Fern This is in addition to a variety of new and re- a trek to the Quaking Bog. As the last bog in Glen. Photo by Kyla Sisson. imagined public programs that serve several Hennepin County, this preserved ecosystem offers a unique opportunity for students to with plantain leaves, and accidentally gotten hundred children and their families. Garden search for strange, specially adapted plants: to their feet wet in the bog—which causes more Naturalist strive to open doors to a lifetime of connecting with nature. Kids agree that the feel the soft needles of tamarack trees, touch grins of triumph than you might expect. first visit is just the beginning. The best part of sticky sundews, and bounce on the mat of Garden Naturalist Annelise Brandel-Tanis summer school? Hearing kids say, “I can’t wait sphagnum moss. says, “I love summer school because I get to to come back!” see kids being curious and investigating their “There’s no wifiin the forest!” surroundings. It’s a change for kids to learn For many students, it’s their first time in the that being outside isn’t scary. They get to say, woods, and they arrive worrying about snakes, ‘Woah, I successfully identified poison ivy!’ or This article appears courtesy of the Minneapolis bugs, bears, and even tigers. By the end of ‘I identified an edible plant!’ I like to watch Park and Recreation Board. the day, most of them have held an American them using those skills as the day goes on.” toad, learned to treat their mosquito bites Garden Naturalist Maia Campbell agrees, “ A WILD GARDEN IS BEAUTIFUL AT ALL SEASONS” – ELOISE BUTLER AUTUMN 2019 / WINTER 2020 VOL. 67 NO. 3 Letter from the President A Thriving Garden and project highlights from the past season brings closure to and a sense of shared joy for that the Friends of the Wild Flower Garden the work carried out by Garden volunteers By Kathy Connelly By Susan Wilkins, Garden Curator were involved with. Thank you to everyone for the season that has just passed. In late 2019, the MPRB voted to approve a wonderful concept plan developed by its It’s been a busy season full of people, who has contributed to these efforts. The Friends also funded two special leadership and staff for improvements to the Garden. The proposal for improvements at the projects and programs at the Wildflower In early spring, before the Garden opened, planting projects to enhance Garden areas Garden is significant. It shows the esteem in which the Garden is held and recognizes the Garden. It was one of our busiest years on phase two of the boardwalk project was where extensive invasive plant removal work changes in the way the public uses and experiences the Garden. record in the Garden’s modern history. It completed in the wetland garden area. A has been carried out by Garden staff in past is estimated that 60,000 people visit the public ribbon cutting ceremony was held years. This season 257 trees and shrubs were The need for the project is undeniable. As interest in native plants and natural history Garden each season. In 2019, Garden staff in late April to recognize the generosity planted in both the wetland and woodland (including birds) has become more popular across the country, Garden patronage has and volunteers recorded 19,643 visitor of the Friends and to celebrate this much garden areas by Garden staff thanks to the increased, and so has demand for programing. Those familiar with the Shelter know that interactions in the Visitor Shelter during the anticipated addition to the Garden. Thank generous donation of funds by the Friends. right now, Garden staff’s only workspace is in the Shelter’s tiny kitchen alcove, and some hours that the building is open and staffed. you to each and every Friends member who Staff are preparing, once again, for another of the space behind the public counter, with no privacy for scheduling and coordination Each count represents each visit a person contributed to this meaningful project. The meaningful year of work at the Wildflower activities. So the current proposal includes a modest expansion of the Shelter that will makes to the Shelter. It is truly incredible boardwalk has elevated the wetland garden Garden and to another season full of reflect the importance of the work of the hardworking, creative and dedicated Garden staff, to think that such a significant number of experience in more than one way! opportunities for visitors and volunteers to Photo by Kathy Connelly and allow for the relocation of the Garden Curator's office from the toolshed to the Shelter. visitors had a meaningful exchange with explore, enjoy, contribute and learn in this With the Garden staff relocated into the expansion, there will be more programming space staff and volunteers; viewed the interesting treasured public garden. in the reconfigured Shelter interior. We understand that all of this will be accomplished natural history displays created by Garden while preserving the rustic feel and appearance of the Shelter. staff; participated in a craft activity; A heartfelt thank you for all that you do interacted with the touch and see table; to support the Wildflower Garden. With increased popularity and changing environmental conditions, the need for staff utilized reference books and field guides, and equipment to tend the Garden has increased. The proposal includes the removal children’s books, and more. In addition, This article appears courtesy of the MPRB. and replacement of the toolshed. The critical work of tending the Garden will be better 4,091 youth and adults participated in OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS supported in a new location in a new structure, closer to the delivery point of plants and engaging nature focused- programs led other materials. The Garden fence will be moved slightly to enclose this new building. by Garden naturalists at the Wildflower Board Members PRESIDENT INVASIVE PLANT CHAIR Garden and a select number of programs Kathy Connelly Jim Proctor During the extensive public engagement process for the project, that was led capably by at Regional Parks in the Minneapolis TREASURER, GARDEN CURATOR, Susan Wilkins, Ann Godfrey, Tracy Godfrey, Steve Pundt and MPRB senior planner Emma Pachuta, it was recognized that the barbed-wire-topped fence Park System. Each year the Wildflower MEMORIALS CHAIR, EX OFFICIO Sally Pundt view the MPRB improvements plan for the Garden WEBSITE COORDINATOR Susan Wilkins that encloses a portion of the Garden is in poor condition, and in several places runs closely Garden enchants and inspires more people.
Recommended publications
  • University of Oklahoma Graduate College
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE SCIENCE IN THE AMERICAN STYLE, 1700 – 1800 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By ROBYN DAVIS M CMILLIN Norman, Oklahoma 2009 SCIENCE IN THE AMERICAN STYLE, 1700 – 1800 A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ________________________ Prof. Paul A. Gilje, Chair ________________________ Prof. Catherine E. Kelly ________________________ Prof. Judith S. Lewis ________________________ Prof. Joshua A. Piker ________________________ Prof. R. Richard Hamerla © Copyright by ROBYN DAVIS M CMILLIN 2009 All Rights Reserved. To my excellent and generous teacher, Paul A. Gilje. Thank you. Acknowledgements The only thing greater than the many obligations I incurred during the research and writing of this work is the pleasure that I take in acknowledging those debts. It would have been impossible for me to undertake, much less complete, this project without the support of the institutions and people who helped me along the way. Archival research is the sine qua non of history; mine was funded by numerous grants supporting work in repositories from California to Massachusetts. A Friends Fellowship from the McNeil Center for Early American Studies supported my first year of research in the Philadelphia archives and also immersed me in the intellectual ferment and camaraderie for which the Center is justly renowned. A Dissertation Fellowship from the Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History provided months of support to work in the daunting Manuscript Division of the New York Public Library. The Chandis Securities Fellowship from the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens brought me to San Marino and gave me entrée to an unequaled library of primary and secondary sources, in one of the most beautiful spots on Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources and Bibliography
    Sources and Bibliography AMERICAN EDEN David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic Victoria Johnson Liveright | W. W. Norton & Co., 2018 Note: The titles and dates of the historical newspapers and periodicals I have consulted regarding particular events and people appear in the endnotes to AMERICAN EDEN. Manuscript Collections Consulted American Philosophical Society Barton-Delafield Papers Caspar Wistar Papers Catharine Wistar Bache Papers Bache Family Papers David Hosack Correspondence David Hosack Letters and Papers Peale Family Papers Archives nationales de France (Pierrefitte-sur-Seine) Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Série AJ/15 Bristol (England) Archives Sharples Family Papers Columbia University, A.C. Long Health Sciences Center, Archives and Special Collections Trustees’ Minutes, College of Physicians and Surgeons Student Notes on Hosack Lectures, 1815-1828 Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library Papers of Aaron Burr (27 microfilm reels) Columbia College Records (1750-1861) Buildings and Grounds Collection DeWitt Clinton Papers John Church Hamilton Papers Historical Photograph Collections, Series VII: Buildings and Grounds Trustees’ Minutes, Columbia College 1 Duke University, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library David Hosack Papers Harvard University, Botany Libraries Jane Loring Gray Autograph Collection Historical Society of Pennsylvania Rush Family Papers, Series I: Benjamin Rush Papers Gratz Collection Library of Congress, Washington, DC Thomas Law Papers James Thacher
    [Show full text]
  • Document Resume Ed 049 958 So 000 779 Institution Pub
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 049 958 SO 000 779 AUTHCE Nakosteen, Mehdi TITLE Conflicting Educational Ideals in America, 1775-1831: Documentary Source Book. INSTITUTION Colorado Univ., Boulder. School of Education. PUB DATE 71 NOTE 480p. EDES PRICE EDES Price MF-SC.65 HC-$16.45 DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies, Cultural Factors, *Educational History, Educational Legislation, *Educational Practice, Educational Problems, *Educational Theories, Historical Reviews, Resource Materials, Social Factors, *United States History IDENTIFIERS * Documentary History ABSTRACT Educational thought among political, religious, educational, and other social leaders during the formative decades of American national life was the focus of the author's research. The initial objective was the discovery cf primary materials from the period to fill a gap in the history of American educational thought and practice. Extensive searching cf unpublished and uncatalogued library holdings, mainly those of major public and university libraries, yielded a significant quantity of primary documents for this bibliography. The historical and contemporary works, comprising approximately 4,500 primary and secondary educational resources with some surveying the cultural setting of educational thinking in this period, are organized around 26 topics and 109 subtopics with cross-references. Among the educational issues covered by the cited materials are: public vs. private; coed vs. separate; academic freedom, teacher education; teaching and learning theory; and, equality of educational opportunity. In addition to historical surveys and other secondary materials, primary documents include: government documents, books, journals, newspapers, and speeches. (Author/DJB) CO Lir\ 0 CY% -1- OCY% w CONFLICTING EDUCATIONAL I D E A L S I N A M E R I C A , 1 7 7 5 - 1 8 3 1 : DOCUMENTARY SOURCE B 0 0 K by MEHDI NAKOSTEEN Professor of History and Philosophy of Education University of Colorado U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: the Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H
    A Publication of the Foundation for Landscape Studies A Journal of Place Volume ıı | Number ı | Fall 2006 Essay: The Botanical Garden 2 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Introduction Fabio Gabari: The Botanical Garden of the University of Pisa Gerda van Uffelen: Hortus Botanicus Leiden Rosie Atkins: Chelsea Physic Garden Nina Antonetti: British Colonial Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: The Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H. Shimizu: United States Botanic Garden Gregory Long: The New York Botanical Garden Mike Maunder: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Profile 13 Kim Tripp Exhibition Review 14 Justin Spring: Dutch Watercolors: The Great Age of the Leiden Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden Book Reviews 18 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: The Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants By Anna Pavord Melanie L. Simo: Henry Shaw’s Victorian Landscapes: The Missouri Botanical Garden and Tower Grove Park By Carol Grove Judith B. Tankard: Maybeck’s Landscapes By Dianne Harris Calendar 22 Contributors 23 Letter from the Editor The Botanical Garden he term ‘globaliza- botanical gardens were plant species was the prima- Because of the botanical Introduction tion’ today has established to facilitate the ry focus of botanical gardens garden’s importance to soci- The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries widespread cur- propagation and cultivation in former times, the loss of ety, the principal essay in he botanical garden is generally considered a rency. We use of new kinds of food crops species and habitats through this issue of Site/Lines treats Renaissance institution because of the establishment it to describe the and to act as holding opera- ecological destruction is a it as a historical institution in 1534 of gardens in Pisa and Padua specifically Tgrowth of multi-national tions for plants and seeds pressing concern in our as well as a landscape type dedicated to the study of plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Americana
    CATALOGUE TWO HUNDRED NINETY-NINE Western Americana WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue contains much in the way of new acquisitions in Western Americana, along with several items from our stock that have not been featured in recent catalogues. Printed, manuscript, cartographic, and visual materials are all represented. A theme of the catalogue is the exploration, settlement, and development of the trans-Mississippi West, and the time frame ranges from the 16th century to the early 20th. Highlights include copies of the second and third editions of The Book of Mormon; a certificate of admission to Stephen F. Austin’s Texas colony; a document signed by the Marquis de Lafayette giving James Madison power of attorney over his lands in the Louisiana Territory; an original drawing of Bent’s Fort; and a substantial run of the wonderfully illustrated San Francisco magazine, The Wasp, edited by Ambrose Bierce. Speaking of periodicals, we are pleased to offer the lengthiest run of the first California newspaper to appear on the market since the Streeter Sale, as well as a nearly complete run of The Dakota Friend, printed in the native language. There are also several important, early California broadsides documenting the political turmoil of the 1830s and the seizure of control by the United States in the late 1840s. From early imprints to original artwork, from the fur trade to modern construction projects, a wide variety of subjects are included. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues 291 The United States Navy; 292 96 American Manuscripts; 294 A Tribute to Wright Howes: Part I; 295 A Tribute to Wright Howes: Part II; 296 Rare Latin Americana; 297 Recent Acquisitions in Ameri- cana, as well as Bulletins 25 American Broadsides; 26 American Views; 27 Images of Native Americans; 28 The Civil War; 29 Photographica, and many more topical lists.
    [Show full text]
  • Encounters with America's Premier Nursery and Botanic Garden
    2004 Encounters with America’s Premier Nursery and Botanic Garden , and omas insects (including “musketoes” and the Jefferson,T then Secretary of State under Hessian fly), recording observations on George Washington, was embroiled in climate, the seasons and the appearance various political and personal matters. His of birds, and even boating and fishing in ideological vision for America, in conflict Lake George and Lake Champlain. with the governmental system espoused by eir journey did, nevertheless, in- Alexander Hamilton, was causing political corporate elements of a working vaca- relationships to crumble and his already tion, for Jefferson was seeking ways to strained friendship with John Adams advance the new nation through alterna- to deteriorate further. Consequently, tive domestic industries. He believed his Jefferson’s month-long “botanizing excur- most recent idea—the addition “to the sion” through New England with James products of the U. S. of three such articles Madison in June was the subject of much as oil, sugar, and upland rice”—would speculation that summer. Hamilton and lessen America’s reliance on foreign other political adversaries were con- trade, improve the lot of farmers, and vinced that this lengthy vacation of two ultimately result in the abolition of slav- Republican Virginians through Federalist ery itself. At that time a Quaker activist strongholds in the North had secret, ul- and philanthropist Dr. Benjamin Rush of terior motives. It would seem likely that, Philadelphia, himself an ardent opponent as
    [Show full text]
  • The New-York Historical Society Library Department of Prints, Photographs, and Architectural Collections
    Guide to the Geographic File ca 1800-present (Bulk 1850-1950) PR20 The New-York Historical Society 170 Central Park West New York, NY 10024 Descriptive Summary Title: Geographic File Dates: ca 1800-present (bulk 1850-1950) Abstract: The Geographic File includes prints, photographs, and newspaper clippings of street views and buildings in the five boroughs (Series III and IV), arranged by location or by type of structure. Series I and II contain foreign views and United States views outside of New York City. Quantity: 135 linear feet (160 boxes; 124 drawers of flat files) Call Phrase: PR 20 Note: This is a PDF version of a legacy finding aid that has not been updated recently and is provided “as is.” It is key-word searchable and can be used to identify and request materials through our online request system (AEON). PR 000 2 The New-York Historical Society Library Department of Prints, Photographs, and Architectural Collections PR 020 GEOGRAPHIC FILE Series I. Foreign Views Series II. American Views Series III. New York City Views (Manhattan) Series IV. New York City Views (Other Boroughs) Processed by Committee Current as of May 25, 2006 PR 020 3 Provenance Material is a combination of gifts and purchases. Individual dates or information can be found on the verso of most items. Access The collection is open to qualified researchers. Portions of the collection that have been photocopied or microfilmed will be brought to the researcher in that format; microfilm can be made available through Interlibrary Loan. Photocopying Photocopying will be undertaken by staff only, and is limited to twenty exposures of stable, unbound material per day.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Americana
    C ATA L O G U E THREE HUNDRED SIXTY-ONE WESTERN AMERICANA WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue demonstrates the wide range of our interests in the exploration, settlement, and development of the American West in the 19th century and beyond. Included herein is important visual material, from striking prints by Karl Bodmer to co Henry Warre’s iconic views of the Pacific Northwest and Kendall & Nebel’s images of the Mexican-American War. The catalogue also features works by George Catlin, including a copy of the very rare New York edition of his North American Indian Portfolio and his striking image of St. Louis in 1832. There are original works by the artists George Gibbs and Robert Riggs, as well as a watercolor of a buffalo hunt by Lord Alfred Dunmore. Several books document hunting trips in the American West, including accounts by William Tucker, Gen. William Strong, James Tuttle, C.S. Boutcher, and Albert Cordier. The explorations of Alexander Mackenzie, Zebulon Pike, and Lewis & Clark are featured along with a complete set of the Harriman Expedition to Alaska and panoramic photographs of the Southwest, demonstrating the wide range of activities throughout the West in the long 19th century. Available on request or via our website are our bulletins as well as recent catalogues 357 The Struggle for North America; 358 The Civil War; 359 The 17th Century. Recent e-lists, only available on our website, include New York Views; Pirates & Privateers; William Reese’s SIX SCORE: THE 120 BEST BOOKS ON THE CATTLE RANGE INDUSTRY; Freedom’s Symphony: The Music of America; The Hub of the Universe: Boston in the 19th Century; Boston Book Fair 2018; The War to End All Wars: The History, Literature & Images of World War One; and The Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Botanical Gardens: History and Evolution
    5 Western Botanical Gardens: History and Evolution Donald A. Rakow Section of Horticulture School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Ithaca, NY USA Sharon A. Lee Sharon Lee and Associates Swarthmore, PA USA ABSTRACT Dedicated to promoting an understanding of plants and their importance, the modern Western botanical garden addresses this mission through the establish- ment of educational programs, display and interpretation of collections, and research initiatives. The basic design and roles of the contemporary institution, however, can be traced to ancient Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome, where important elements emerged that would evolve over the centuries: the garden as walled and protected sanctuary, the garden as an organized space, and plants as agents of healing. In the Middle Ages, those concepts expanded to become the hortus conclusus, the walled monastery gardens where medicinal plants were grown. With intellectual curiosity at its zenith in the Renaissance, plants became subjects to be studied and shared. In the 16th and 17th centuries, botanical gardens in western Europe were teaching laboratories for university students studying medicine, botany, and what is now termed pharmacology. The need to teach students how to distinguish between medicinally active plants and poisonous plants led the first professor of botany in Europe, Francesco Bonafede, to propose the creation of the Orto botanico in Padua. Its initial curator was among the first to take plant collecting trips throughout Europe. Not to be Horticultural Reviews, Volume 43, First Edition. Edited by Jules Janick. 2015 Wiley-Blackwell. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 269 270 D.
    [Show full text]
  • CBHL Newsletter, No. 150 (September 2018)
    NEWSLETTER Number 150 September 2018 Report of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries, June 19-22, 2018 hosted by New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, and Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, New York Preserving and Providing Access to the Silva Center Library and Archives presented by Amy Kasameyer Librarian/Archivist University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA The University and Jepson Herbaria at UC Berkeley received funding from IMLS to preserve and provide access to the library and archives of the Silva Center for Phycological Documentation, the unit of our Herbaria that focuses on our algae collections. Phycological research at Berkeley dates back to 1895 and scientists William Setchell, George Papenfuss, Paul Silva, Kathy Ann Miller, and Richard Moe all contributed to the development of our phycological specimen collection, library, and archives. Paul Silva, Curator of Algae from 1960-2014, created an endowment to formally establish the Silva Center for Phycological Documentation in 2004 as he wanted UC Berkeley to continue as a phycological research center after his lifetime. The mission of the (Continued on page 3) September 2018 The European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group and the Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries 25th and 50th anniversary celebrations respectively. Photograph by Marlon Co. Many thanks to the Linnaeus Link members for indulging us. From the President David J. Sleasman Library and Information Services Coordinator Longwood Gardens Library Happy Birthday to us!!! Very big congratulations to our 50th annual meeting hosts—New York Botanical Garden and Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Susan, Kathy, and the entire staff of both organizations did a tremendous job in organizing not one…not two…but three meetings into one.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Gardens, Public Space and Conservation
    GROWING GARDENS: BOTANICAL GARADENS, PUBLIC SPACE AND CONSERVATION A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Arts in History by Terra Celeste Colburn June 2012 © 2012 Terra Celeste Colburn ALL RIGHTS RESERVED COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP ii TITLE: Growing Gardens: Botanical Gardens, Public Space and Conservation AUTHOR: Terra Celeste Colburn DATE SUBMITTED: June 2012 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Dr. Matthew Hopper, Assistant Professor COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Joel Orth, Assistant Professor COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Matt Ritter, Associate Professor iii ABSTRACT Botanical Gardens in the Twentieth Century: Advent of the Public Space Terra Celeste Colburn This thesis examines the history of botanical gardens and their evolution from ancient spaces to the modern gardens of the 20th century. I provide a brief overview of botanical gardens, with a focus on the unique intersection of public participation and scientific study that started to occur within garden spaces during the 20th century, which still continues today. I reveal the history of gardens that influenced the uses of gardens today, with a focus on: the first ancient gardens and the dependency societies had on them, the influence of science in gardens starting in the Enlightenment period, the shift away from scientific gardens and the introductions of public gardens in the early 20th century, and the reintroduction of science into gardens during the conservation movement of the 1950s. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to Dr. Joel Orth for providing guidance, direction and encouragement on this thesis and to Garrett Colburn for editing multiple drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • Organizational Emergence and the Transformation of Civic Order in 19Th-Century New York City
    Poisedness and Propagation: Organizational Emergence and the Transformation of Civic Order in 19th-Century New York City Victoria Johnson Walter W. Powell University of Michigan Stanford University August 27, 2014 Under second review at the American Journal of Sociology Abstract The emergence of novelty, especially of new categories of people and organizations, is undertheorized in the social sciences. Some social worlds are more hospitable to novel introductions or exogenous perturbations than are others. Explaining this relative “poisedness” is essential to understanding when and why new organizational forms appear, persist, and expand, both cognitively and geographically. This task, which calls for multi-level analysis on an expansive temporal scale, poses a considerable—and as yet unmet—challenge. We offer a comparative analysis of two cases of emergence in 19th-century New York City that examines the conditions under which a new organizational form—a research-intensive botanical garden—developed and took root. We show that social worlds are highly poised when macro-level processes reinforce one another as well as galvanize meso-level processes. Poisedness is amplified when the social character of the individuals produced by specific historical milieux attunes these innovators to the larger social and material processes that favor the creation of new modes of organization. Through our analysis of poisedness in a specific time and place, New York City over the course of the 19th century, we generate theoretical and methodological insights to explain the emergence of new organizational forms in other social realms. Keywords: Organizational form; poisedness; emergence; comparative-historical methods * We are very grateful to Rebecca Sunde for exceptional research assistance.
    [Show full text]