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Organizational Structure, Acquisition Practice and Collection Development in a Botanical Research Library in the United States

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Organizational Structure, Acquisition Practice and Collection Development in a Botanical Research Library in the United States HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN INSTITUT FÜR BIBLIOTHEKS- UND INFORMATIONSWISSENSCHAFT BERLINER HANDREICHUNGEN ZUR BIBLIOTHEKS- UND INFORMATIONSWISSENSCHAFT HEFT 292 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, ACQUISITION PRACTICE AND COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT IN A BOTANICAL RESEARCH LIBRARY IN THE UNITED STATES: THE LUESTHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN VON HEIDRUN JANKA ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, ACQUISITION PRACTICE AND COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT IN A BOTANICAL RESEARCH LIBRARY IN THE UNITED STATES: THE LUESTHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN VON HEIDRUN JANKA Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft Begründet von Peter Zahn Herausgegeben von Konrad Umlauf Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Heft 292 Janka, Heidrun Organizational structure, acquisition practice and collection development in a botanical research library in the United States : The LuEsther T. Mertz Library of The New York Botanical Garden / von Heidrun Janka. - Berlin : Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2011. – VIII, 98 S. : graph. Darst. - (Berliner Handreichungen zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft ; 292) ISSN 14 38-76 62 Abstract: In this survey the organizational structure, the acquisition practice and collection development at the LuEsther T. Mertz Library of the New York Botanical are analyzed and discussed. The Mertz Library specializes in botany and horticulture and it collects materials published in all core botanical subjects as comprehensively as possible. The library serves both as an institutional research library and a public library. It is sought by a broad constituency, locally and abroad, for plant information. The budget organization and financial management is a complex, long-term planning process that requires the implementation of a detailed strategic program and finance plan in which the entire parent institution is involved. The strength-of-collection analysis, the collection development analysis and age-of-collection analysis conducted within the framework of this study provide detailed information on the growth of monograph collections in all main collecting areas of the Mertz Library, in the Library of Congress-Classes Q (Science) and S (Agriculture). This survey also allows a comparison of the library acquisition practice with the goals and mission of the parent organization. This publication goes back to a master's thesis in the postgraduate distance learning course Master of Arts (Library and Information Science) at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Online-Version: http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/berliner-handreichungen/2011-292 TABLE OF CONTENTS __________________________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction 1 2 About the Mertz Library 8 2.1 History of the Library 9 2.2 Library Services 11 2.3 Electronic Databases and Reference Tools 11 2.4 Affiliations of the New York Botanical Garden 12 2.5 Cooperations of the Mertz Library 12 2.6 Special Projects and Activities of the Mertz Library 12 2.7 Strategic Competitive Analysis, Benchmarking 13 3 Collections of the LuEsther T. Mertz Library 14 3.1 The Book and Journal Collections 14 3.2 The Non-Book Collections 14 4 Organizational Structure of the LuEsther T. Mertz Library, 17 Functions and Responsibilities of the Library Departments 4.1 Director, Administration Department 17 4.2 Department for Acquisitions and Collection Development 17 4.3 Cataloging Department 18 4.4 Conservation / Preservation Department 19 4.5 Information Services Department and Archives 20 4.6 Library Systems Department 20 5 Organizational Structure of the New York Botanical Garden 21 6 Financial Management, Strategic Planning and Budget Organization 23 at the New York Botanical Garden v 7 Acquisition Practice and Collection Development in the Mertz Library 27 7.1 Collection Profile of the Library 27 7.2 Forms of Media Acquisitions: Purchase, Exchange and Donations 30 7.3 Research Tools used for Media Acquisitions 33 8 Development of Acquisitions Budgets and Expenditures at the 34 Mertz Library and at the Library of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBM), 1999 - 2010 9 Holdings of the Mertz Library – ‘Strength of Collection Analysis’ 39 10 Collection Development in the Mertz Library’s ‘Core Collections’, 44 the Library of Congress Classes Q (Science) and S (Agriculture) over the time period 1995 - 2009 10.1 Collection Development of monograph collections in single 52 Fern and Seed Plant Families and Genera (Subclass QL) 10.2 ‘Age of Collection Analysis’ of the Mertz Library’s ‘Core 57 Collections’ focusing on publication dates of monographs in the time period 1909 - 2009 11 Summary 61 12 Acknowledgments 63 13 List of Figures 64 14 References 65 15 Appendices 71 vi SI HORTUM CUM BIBLIOTHECA HABES, DEERIT NIHIL MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO (106 BC – 43 BC) vii viii 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________________ Botanical and horticultural libraries have a long and noble tradition. They are found in botanical gardens, arboretums, research institutions, horticultural societies, conservatories, colleges, and universities as part of a larger university library. Botanical and horticultural libraries are specialized in the collection and preservation of all materials related to plants. Their mission is to make these materials accessible to a broad constituency interested in this topic. Depending on the mission and purpose of the individual library and its supporting institution, the materials collected include scientific literature of botanical and horticultural disciplines, interdisciplinary sciences or of subjects closely related to botany – they may also collect general plant literature of interest to the non-scientific community. Information regarding the plant sciences is critical for plant taxonomists, plant systematists, economic botanists, ecologists, plant physiologists, geneticists, phytochemists, biologists, horticulturists, paleontologists, historians, anthropologists, life science students and graduate fellows (FRASER 2001). The earliest botanical gardens date back to the Italian Renaissance in the 16th century. Their particular function was to cultivate plants with medicinal uses for studies on materia medica (RUDOLPH 1991). At this time, ‘botany’ did not exist as an individual discipline yet but was part of medical sciences. The gardens therefore were called ‘physic gardens’ and were mostly connected with university medical schools or apothecary guilds. The oldest physic gardens were founded in Pisa (1544), Padua (1545), Florence (1545) and Bologna (1568), all in Italy – and in Leiden (1587) in the Netherlands. In accordance with the prevailing interests on the medical use of plants, famous herbals were produced in this time by OTTO BRUNFELS, HIERONYMUS BOCK and LEONHART FUCHS (HAUSINGER 2009). NATHANIEL LORD BRITTON (1896), the founder of the New York Botanical Garden describes the historical development of botanical gardens as follows: ‘Botanical gardens were primarily formed for purely utilitarian purposes, although the aesthetic study of planting and of flowers must doubtless have appealed to their owners and visitors. Their function as aids in scientific teaching and research, the one which at present furnishes the dominating reason for their existence, did not develop much, if at all, before the 16th century and prior to the middle of the 17th century a considerable number existed in Europe, in which this function was recognized to a greater or less degree, of which those at Bologna, Montpellier, Leyden, Paris and Upsala were, perhaps the most noteworthy’. Scientific interest increased and the cultivation of rare and exotic species attained more attention during the 18th and 19th century. This was the time of the great voyages and discoveries when professional plant hunters were sent abroad to discover new species for nurseries and botanical gardens (MUSGRAVE et al. 1998). These initiatives were mostly supported by wealthy and influential persons in society: ‘Many persons of wealth and influence fostered this taste and became, through the employment of men skilled in botany and horticulture, generous patrons of science. The world was searched for new and rare plants, which were brought home to Europe for cultivation, and many sumptuous volumes, describing and delineating them, were published, mainly through the same patronage (BRITTON 1896). Particularly in this time botanical science flourished as many new plant species were discovered, collected and described on these voyages (e.g. on the travels of JOSEPH BANKS 1 INTRODUCTION___________________________________________________________________________ and J.D. HOOKER) – resulting in significant floristic and taxonomic works (e.g. Bank’s Florilegium). Prior to this, CARL LINNAEUS had already established the foundations of modern taxonomy by introducing the binomial nomenclature and the scientific criteria for species classification in his works ‘Species Plantarum’ (1753) and ‘Systema Naturae’ (1758). According to BRITTON (1896) botanical gardens should comprise four essential elements: the utilitarian or economic element, the aesthetic, the scientific and biologic, and the philosophic element. Considering science and biology he pointed out that the library, herbarium, museums and laboratories serve as central information sources of a botanical garden and should be as complete as possible and thoroughly equipped. As described in chapter 2.1, BRITTON pursued
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