Nigeria-Niger-Benin/Togo-Burkina Faso Electric Power Interconnection Project

PROJET : NIGERIA-NIGER-BENIN/TOGO-BURKINA FASO ELECTRIC POWER INTERCONNECTION PROJECT

COUNTRIES : MULTINATIONAL : BENIN, BURKINA FASO, NIGER, NIGERIA

SUMMARY OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)

Team Leader R. KITANDALA Senior Operations Officer RDGW1 4515 Deputy Team Leader P. DJAIGBE Principal Energy Officer COSN/RDGW1 6597 M. KINANE Lead Environmentalist RDGW4 2933 P. SANON Socio-economist RDGN.4 5828 Preperation Team Members O. OUATTARA Experts in Financial Management COSN/SNFI2 6561 Team M. ANASSIDE Acquisitions Officer COML/SNFI1 6574 Division Manager A.B. DIALLO RDGW1 1681 Sector Director Regional Director J.K. LITSE RDGW 4047

August 2017

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 1

SUMMARY OF THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)

Titre du projet : Electricity Interconnection Project Nigeria-Niger-Bénin- Projet No. : P-Z1-FA0-119 Burkina Faso Pays : Multinational : Nigeria, Niger, Bénin, Burkina Faso Departement : RDGW Division : RDGW1

INTRODUCTION

At the request of the authorities of Nigeria, Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso, the African Development Bank will support the implementation of the Electricity Interconnection Project Nigeria-Niger-Benin- Burkina Faso.

From an environmental and social point of view, the project is classified in category 1, given its scale and the main environmental and social impacts that have been identified.

Execution of the works of the transmission line, posts and access roads will result in the displacement of households, disruption of socio-economic activities and damage to the livelihoods of people within the existing infrastructure and its constraints.

Also, in accordance with the African Development Bank's Policy on Involuntary Resettlement of Populations (Operational Safeguards 2 - OS2), the Guinean and Malian governments respectively developed and submitted to the Bank a Comprehensive Resettlement Plan (CRP) to ensure compensation and resettlement of Project Affected Persons (PAPs). Its objectives are to: (i) minimize, as much as possible, involuntary displacements; (ii) avoid the destruction of property when possible; and (iii) compensate PAPs for the loss of residential plots, agricultural land, buildings and equipment, as well as loss of income.

The CRP, which is the subject of this summary, sets out the principles and procedures for setting up compensation and resettlement actions for the PAPs, and establishes an approximate budget and indicative timetable for its implementation.

1. PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION, RATIONALE & AREA OF INFLUENCE 1.1 Programme description and rationale - Programme rationale

The project is a short-term answer to the main problems faced by countries with low energy production, such as Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin, which are characterized by low rates of access to electricity for their population (Benin: 18 %, Burkina Faso: 19% and Niger: 11%), a predominance of electricity from excessively expensive thermal origins, thus rendering their respective electricity subsector financially deficient because if the inadequacy of the applied tariffs. The project is a priority of the ECOWAS Master Plan for the Generation and Transmission of Electrical Energy approved in February 2012.

- Projet description

The project concerns the supply of electricity to the productive sectors of the economies of the concerned countries; the reduction of the cost per kWh in Niger, Burkina, and Benin/Togo ;

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 2

increased access to electricity ; the enlargement of the energy exchange system and the creation of a regional electricity market. The projected power flow at the completion of the project in 2020 is 300 MW, this transit will increase to 666 MW in 2025 and 915 MW in 2035. The rural electrification component will cover a population of 540,000 inhabitants spread across 294 rural communities. 68,000 households in Nigeria, Niger, Benin/Togo and Burkina Faso.

- Projet objectives

The project aims to strengthen electricity exchanges in the WAPP region, increase access to electricity for people of Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin and Togo through access to resources of Nigeria who have a predominance gas and hydropower. It will help limit the expensive investments of these three countries in the production of energy for thermal sources, mainly based on fossil fuels. The project will contribute to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This integrative project will also contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of the populations of its zone of influence (lighting of basic social services: health care center, schools, administrative services) and the creation of income-generating activities in rural areas.

- Project components

The project is structured around the following components:

Components Cost Description (UA Millions) - Extension of 330 kV Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) substation; - Construction of a 330 kV transmission line between Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) and Niamey (Niger); Transport - Extension of the 330/132/66 kV substation in Niamey 409.96 - Construction of a 330/132 kV substation at Zabori (Niamey) Infrastructure - Construction of a 330 kV transmission line between Niamey and Ouagadougou; - Construction of a 330/225 kV substation in Ouagadougou - Extension of Ouaga Sud-Est substation - Construction of a 330 kV line between Zabori (Niger) and Malanville (Benin) (Bénin)

Rural electrification Electrification of communities within a radius of 5 km on both sides of the transmission 86.45 line in the four countries

Institutional support - Operation of the Project Management Unit (PMU); - Institutional support to the WAPP General Secretariat; and project 42.47 management - Control and supervision of works, Project audit; - Supervion of public works; - Capacity Building Management of environmental and social impacts, relocation of populations and Mitigation of impacts 8.47 compensation for those affected.

- Cost and financing of the project

The overall cost of the project is UA 514.554 million. The financing of the project will be provided as follows. The African Development Bank Group shall provide UA 112.50 million. The World Bank (WB), the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), the French Development Agency (AFD), the German Cooperation (KFW), the ECOWAS

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 3

Bank for Investment and Development (EBID) and the Chinese Cooperation shall provide UA 312.20 million. And the concerned States shall contribute UA 19.5 million.

1.2 Project Impacted Areas The project covers four countries namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria.

 Bénin

In Benin, the power line extends over a distance of 12 km. It crosses the Niger River and bypasses the suburbs of Malanville passing by the west. The line also bypasses the hilly area southwest of Malanville.

The population of the Malanville commune counted 168,641 inhabitants in 2013 according to the 4th General Census of Population and Housing (RGPH-4, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis, 2013) with a rate of increase of 4.57% between 2002 and 2013 and an estimated density of 45 inhabitants / km2. The male/female distribution is almost equal (50.4% for women against 49.6% for men).

The literacy rate in the commune of Malanville was 10.5% in 2002, according to the results of the 3rd General Census of Population and Housing (RGPH 3) carried out by the National Institute of the Statistics and Economic Analysis. It is respectively 14.8% for men against 6.4% for women and the parity index is 0.43. Women therefore constitute the biggest targets for illiteracy in the commune.

In the sanitary infrastructure of Benin, the commune of Malanville belongs to the health zone made up of the communes of Malanville and Karimama. According to the data from 2011 collected from the departments of Borgou and Alibori, the Department of Alibori presented the following indicators over the period from 2002 to 2012: mortality rate of 12.85% against 12.27% for the national average ; infant mortality rate of 84% against 90% for the national average; birth rate of 47.7% against 41.1% for the national average; and life expectancy at birth of 55.27 years versus 59.2 years for the national average.

The commune of Malanville has a low rate of drinking water coverage and the rate of service is unequally distributed between the boroughs and between the localities of the same district. The

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 4 city of Malanville also has low coverage of the SONEB network, which only covers 18,739 linear meters, with 479 households subscribed.

The breakdown of assets by business sector of the commune indicate that the tertiary sector (commerce, restaurant-hotel, transport-communication and other services) alone employs more than half of the assets. Agriculture, livestock and fisheries, which constitute the primary sector, use just under a third, and the secondary sector 15% of assets. The commune has an agricultural vocation, but this sector is in competition with the commercial sector.

In the project area, several households have a higher level of vulnerability due to the characteristics of some household members. Many households are headed by a woman. In addition, some heads of households are not only women, but widows as well. Some heads of households also face a disability or chronic illness. Many households also have one of their members, other than the head, who has a disability. Finally, more than 85% of the affected households in each of the concerned villages have no other plots than those crossed by the right-of-way. In fact, of the 52 households affected by the project, only six (6) have another plot, outside of the one found in the right-of-way.

 Burkina Faso

The project in Burkina Faso consists of a 330 kV line going from the border with Niger to the Ouaga- East substation in Ouagadougou.

The four (4) regions in the project area coincide with the regions of the administrative district: Central, Central East, East and Central Plateau. The proposed route for the crossing of the interconnection line runs through a total of 11 municipalities. The eastern region is the most heavily traveled region with effectively two (2) provinces, five (5) communes and 30 villages/sectors concerned. The Central and Central Plateau regions are the least affected with respectively one (1) commune and seven (7) villages/sectors crossed for the first, against two (2) communes and nine (9) villages/sectors crossed for the second .

The population is predominantly rural. The central region, however, is predominantly urban, this region including Ouagadougou, the national capital and largest city in the country. This region accounts for 38.98% of the total population of the project area. The project area is globally highly populated, with an average density of 65.425 inhabitants per km2, roughly equal to the national average of 51.4 inhabitants per km2. However, it should be noted that with the exception of the Eastern region, which has a density (25.96) lower than the national average, the other three regions record higher levels (Center 602.21, Center-East 76.95 and central plateau 107.03).

The dominant economic activities in the active population are those related to agriculture, livestock farming and fishing (79.2% of employed persons), services and trade activities 9.3% and those involving artisans and workers 5.6%.

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 5

In general, the main sources of water supply are boreholes/pumps, wells and standpipes. Transport is growing more and more despite the lack of organization and adequate infrastructure. The project area is mainly bordered by the national road 4. The data from 2015 provided by SONABEL showed that 19% of households in the country had access to electricity.

Although there is no site or historical monument protected or known to date in the project area, various special purpose sites are found in the municipalities crossed by the line.

 Niger

Three sections of the new 330-kV line cross Niger, between the border with Nigeria and the future Gorou Banda substation in Niamey, between this substation and the border with Burkina Faso, and between the future Zabori substation and the border with Benin.

The project is located in three (3) regions, namely Dosso, Tillaberi and Niamey, which have, according to the same census report, a population of 2 141 487, 2 645 125 and 1 388 682 inhabitants. The population of the study area is largely rural, representing respectively 89% and 94% respectively for the Dosso and Tillaberi regions. The population of Niamey, for its part, is urban.

In general, Niger is characterized by a certain mobility of populations, both inside and outside the country, often linked to natural contingencies dictated by climatic conditions. Internally, emigrations are mostly seasonal and are made to the big cities (Niamey, Dosso, Gaya Torodi), as well as to certain zones of attraction like the gold mine sites of the Sirba zone where employment opportunities can be found for young people (men and women). On the basis of the seasonal calendar which schematizes the activities of the different social strata of the population, it has been identified that the layer of people more inclined to migratory movements remains mainly the youth, included the young people between 15 and 40 years old. These migratory movements are generally annual or multi-year migration cases. The out-migration of young people is largely due to the lack of activities and job prospects.

Significant progress has been made in the field of education in Niger, especially at the basic education level. The gross enrollment rate has made significant progress over the 2007-2008 to 2010-2011 period. During this period, this rate went from 62.6% to 76.1%; a gain of 13.5 percentage points. Nevertheless, this increase conceals significant disparities between girls and boys (17.6 percentage points (%) of difference to the disadvantage of girls) and environment types (19.1 percentage points of difference to the disadvantage of rural areas). In 2014, the gross enrollment rates recorded in the project area placed the Niamey region at the top of the ranking with 113.9% followed by Dosso with (75.2%) and Tillabéry with (71%) against a national rate of 76.1% according to the INS on the basis of the education report. As well as between environments or genders, there are also disparities between regions even though these disparities have narrowed between 2009-10 and 2010-11. In terms of health, the current level of the main morbidity and mortality indicators (including mortality rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, birth rate, etc.) reflect the general state of health. Populations in the intervention area of the Integrated Program for Agricultural Development and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Niger Basin. This level is worrying in many respects and to some extent reflects the extent of demand for health care, especially for the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population. According to the INS, with regard to HIV / AIDS, it should be noted that the prevalence rate is 0.5% for the Dosso region, 0.2% for Tillabéry and 1.1% for Niamey, while it is 0.4% at the national level.

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At the economic level, Niger's agriculture is dominated by rainfed crops centered on cereals and legumes. It is carried-out in the southern zone, but it includes about three quarters of the total population. Thus, agriculture is the main economic activity practiced by the populations of the study area. The main crops grown in the area

are: millet, sorghum, cowpeas and groundnuts. The production rates of these crops in the project area are 60%, 10%, 23% and 2% respectively.

 Nigeria

The 330 kV line connects the Bernin Kebbi substation at the border to Niger. The area is located in the state of Kebbi. The 2011 projections count 3 630 931 inhabitants, with a population density of 56 inhabitants / km2. With 78%, the rural population constitutes the majority of the total population.

In 2013, literacy was determined by assessing the respondents’ ability to read all or part of a sentence. Only women and men who had never been to school and those who had not completed primary school education were asked to read the cards (in the language they were most likely to read ). Those with secondary or higher education were assumed to be literate.

Oil has been a dominant source of government revenue since the 1970s, but regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investments in the oil and gas sector. Nevertheless, the Nigerian economy has continued to grow at a rapid rate of 6-8% per year, thanks to growth in agriculture, telecommunications and services. With over 75% of the state population residing in rural areas, agriculture is the main occupation in Kebbi State. A significant number of city dwellers also engage in agriculture to supplement their income.

Most of Kebbi’s state population uses both protected and non-protected sources for water supply. The results of the 498 households involved in the project showed that the vast majority (88.8%) get their domestic water from a well.

Only one third (37.3%) of the 498 households concerned are connected to the electricity grid. They use electrical energy primarily for lighting.

The Kebbi state health system remains overburdened by a growing population; obsolete physical facilities and equipment with a shortage of qualified health professionals. In addition, the roles of stakeholders are poorly aligned and coordination systems are weak. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of data that poses a challenge for planning, evidence-based policy, formulation, resource allocation and management of health systems.

The Hausa society, of which the Kebbi state is a part, is patriarchal with a strong male influence on virtually every sphere of life. Women in isolation are generally considered dependent, subject to their husbands and their lives supposedly limited to the domestic sphere. They have very little freedom to make their own decisions without being authorized by men. It is because of the nature of the system that places the responsibilities of wives and their children on husbands while women should remain isolated by doing domestic work. It is men, not women, who by convention participate in public life and monopolize public affairs.

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 7

1.3 Beneficiaries of the project The transport infrastructure will benefit the national electricity companies of Benin (CEB), Burkina Faso (SONABEL), Niger (NIGELEC) and Nigeria (TCN) which will operate them.

The project will allow for the electrification of 294 rural communities with a total population of 540,000 inhabitants. The project will allow the subscription of 68,000 households in Nigeria, Niger, Benin / Togo and Burkina Faso, who will have access to electricity that will improve their living conditions.

The execution of the works will allow the creation of jobs of which at least 10% will be held by women/girls. In terms of social and professional integration, at least 120 young graduates in 4 countries, 50% of whom will be young girls will be able to carry out 6-month internships renewable once, promoting their employability.

At the regional level in each country, the project will enable industries and enterprises in the respective regions to develop and expand their production and commercial activities.

Regional integration and the West African economy will be promoted.

2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS

As the potential impacts on the human environment and the natural environment are comprehensively presented in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), this paragraph will only develop impacts on the human environment in terms of expropriation and socio-economic prejudices for the release of the right-of-way and the carrying out of the works by minimizing, as much as is possible, the nuisance that may result. It should be noted that the size and location of the works was limited in order to limit the damage that may be caused to the people who own property located in the project right-of-way. 2.1. Sources of impacts The direct project area should include a 500 m corridor, i.e. 250 m on either side of the power line layout and also a 250 m zone around the identified areas for the establishment of the electrical substations. This area is considered as the direct influence area of the project and has been subjected to a more intensive characterization.

A right-of-way area of 50 m wide was pre-selected in all four countries for the purpose of routing study and selection of the preferred option. It is expected that this 50 m will be sufficient to meet the technical requirements that 330 kV transmission lines must meet: (i) Noise level and radio interference; (ii) electric and magnetic fields; (iii) Minimum clearance associated with driver swing in high wind conditions; (iv) Safety release in the context of a tower collapse scenario.

Several activities in the construction phase could have impacts: clearing of the trench, opening and development of access roads and the high-voltage line, opening of the layon, transport and handling of equipment, installation of site offices and storage areas, installation of pylons.

2.2 Impacts of the project - Positive social impacts The positive impacts of the project during the preparation, construction and operation phase are:

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 8

Rural electrification has many benefits for the population, in particular the improvement of living conditions, temporary employment opportunities for local populations during the works, the consolidation and further development of economic activities and social services, etc.

The integration of electricity generation, transmission and distribution infrastructures will optimize the use of the respective national energy resources. The project help to balance the supply-demand of the two countries, but will also allow for significant annual gains in production costs. The project will also provide significant economic benefits to both countries, as it will contribute to the improvement of the population’s living conditions. The project will enable urban and rural populations in the concerned areas to have access to electricity at lower cost. It will boost artisanal activity and encourage the creation of small businesses. It will support women's activity, create better conditions for the promotion of education and health, and slow down the phenomenon of urban exodus. Thus the project will contribute to the fight against poverty. The project has a regional character. It will contribute to promoting the development of cooperation and will be a lever for sub-regional integration, thereby demonstrating the complementary nature of West African societies and economies. - Negative social impacts The negative impacts on the human environment are: In Benin, a small number of houses (7) and secondary structures (1) that are located in the right-of-way will be demolished or relocated because of the optimization of the route. In Burkina Faso, a number of houses (estimated at 306 on the 330-kV line and 334 on the 250-kV and 90-kV line sections) and secondary structures (estimated at 673 along the stretch of the 330 kV line and 702 on the 250 kV and 90 kV line sections that are located in the right-of-way will be demolished or relocated. On the 330 kV line, 12,309 trees are affected, while on the 250 kV and the 90 kV lines, 15 248 trees are in the right-of- way. In Niger, there are 193 main structures (179 residences, 14 shops) and 38 secondary structures to displace. Most of them are located in the Tillaberi area and very few households have land outside the right-of-way to resettle on. There is, moreover, a tomb in the right-of-way of the project in the Tillaberi region. The project affects a total of 295 trees including 233 PAPs’ fruit trees. In Nigeria, some 26 houses, 6 secondary structures and 5 community buildings located in the right-of-way will either be demolished or relocated. Impact on the health of workers and neighboring populations : During the construction of the project, people looking for work opportunities could temporarily increase the population. In addition, the influx of foreign workers into local communities may increase the risk of communicable diseases such as HIV / AIDS. Accidents are likely to occur during construction work. In fact, construction sites pose potential risks to nearby workers and communities, as they can arouse curiosity, especially among children. The increase in traffic in the villages could also be a source of accidents. With regard to the quality of life, the nuisances (noise, dust, air pollution and risks of accidents) of the inconveniences in these rural areas. During operations, the presence of power lines is a potential safety risk for people living nearby, where people sometimes try to make illegal connections. Steel flights on towers can also pose significant safety risks in the event of tower collapse. Health problems and exposure to the electromagnetic field are often raised when a new transmission line is proposed. Based on a recent comprehensive review of the

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 9 scientific literature, WHO concluded that despite extensive research, there is no evidence to date to conclude that exposure to low-level electromagnetic fields

is harmful to human health. A negative impact may, however, be felt by communities bordering the line or substations and households having fields below the line in terms of nuisances, in particular by the emission of a continuous noise which can intensify during the rainy season. Social cohesion and gender relations : The distribution of compensation among claimants (e.g. landlord, tenants, family members) can create tensions within and outside affected households. The construction phase will mainly have an impact on communities and social cohesion because of the presence of workers, the exposure of the population to different value systems that may conflict with theirs due to the presence of different parts stakeholders (project managers, subcontractors, employees and/or consultants); a sharp increase in cash flows in traditional villages or areas; compensation mechanisms; increased activity near remote communities. In operations phase, the project will allow the presence of workers for maintenance activities. Local employment should be prioritized. The loss of crops (annual and perennial) due to maintenance activities may affect women more than men. Indeed, women are usually in charge of subsistence activities and struggle to provide for their household when crops are limited. 2.3 Measures to mitigate negative impacts and social bonuses Compensation: Monitoring the implementation of the RAPs and the functioning of Conciliation Committees. Since submitting evidence of compensation is a condition for starting works on the concerned sections, it is important to ensure optimal implementation of the RAP. Noise and nuisance: To reduce the effects of this impact, it will be necessary (i) to avoid night work; (ii) ensure that the machines meet soundproofing standards; position workshops and basic life at standardized distances from homes and schools; provide employees with appropriate PPE. Health and safety of workers and neighboring populations: The contractor must also develop and implement a Hygiene, Health and Safety (HSS) plan according to the international standards of OHSAS 18001: 2007. The Engineer will oversee the preparation and execution of this Plan. The following compliance measures must be taken: Compliance with environmental and social regulations: The project must ensure compliance with the applicable environmental regulations of the concerned countries and those of the AfDB during its implementation. As such, the ESIA, ESMP and CRP / RAP reports have been validated by the Ministry in charge of the Environment in Benin, Niger and Nigeria. For Burkina Faso the reports have been submitted and are being treated for validation. Compliance with land regulations: As the project required expropriations, the resettlement plan must comply with the applicable land regulations of the concerned countries. These elements are contained in CRP / RAP prepared as separate documents. 3. ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

As designed, the executing agency for the project will be the WAPP General Secretariat. A Project Management Unit (PMU), currently being set up within said organization, will assume the functions of

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 10

project owner and project management during the investment phase. The PMU will be supported by a consulting engineer for the control and supervision of works, during which a resettlement expert

will be present to coordinate with each of the national electricity companies for the implementation of the CRP in their respective countries. In each country, the National Electricity Company, as project owner, is responsible for the implementation of the CRP and its financing. Each of these national utilities will have a Resettlement Specialist as part of the North Dorsal Project Unit. The proposed organizational framework for the implementation of the CRP consists of the following bodies: Entity Responsibilities

Mobilization of funds needed for compensation Government of each country Signature and approval of documents relating to the financing of compensation

Ministry in charge of Domains, Signature of the DUP and delimitation of the project areas Land Registers and Land Affairs in each country Preparation of expropriation and compensation acts

Project Implementation Cell Preparation of the work start calendar Consulting engineer Supervision of the implementation of the PCR National Electricity Company Implementation of the RCP in close collaboration with all relevant ministries at of each country national level and local authorities: Evaluation of losses and corresponding compensation; Identification of PAPs; Signature of compensation agreements with PAPs

Local chiefdoms PAP information and awareness Conflict and Litigation Management Participation in the monitoring of RAP implementation Courts Settlement of disputes, as a last resort

4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION The consultation process that was conducted as part of the development of the ESIAs and CRPs in Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria is in line with all concerned national legislations and the requirements of AfDB (Operational Safeguards 1 and 2). The consultations were conducted publicly (in the regions which will be crossed by the Project) and with the PAPs in a specific way. 4.1 Public Consultations carried-out for the preparation of the ESIA, ESMP and CRP Reports

Four rounds of information and public consultation accompanied the development of the ESIA and RAP for the North Dorsal Project. These occurred at key stages in the development of the alignment study, ESIA, ESMP, and RAP, where stakeholder input was deemed likely to have the greatest influence on the analysis in progress. Referring to :

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- the environmental and social framing stage (1st round) in December 2014. Its objectives were to: (i) Inform the relevant national authorities about the project and studies in progress; (ii) identify the main issues, concerns and expectations associated with the project and the study area; (iii) Complete the list of stakeholders and validate the master plan for their participation; - Analysis of preliminary provisional layout (2nd round) March to July 2015. Its objectives were to: (i) involve stakeholders in the analysis of "biodiversity hotspots and resettlement hotspots" identified along the route in the study ; - documentation of affected communities and displaced households (3rd round) September to November 2015. Its objectives were: to inform the affected communities and involve them in the optimization of the route; (ii) Document the concerns and expectations of the communities, displaced households and especially women; (iii) Inform affected households of their rights and options for resettlement; - the release of the preliminary results of the ESIA, ESMP and CRP (4th round) February-March 2016. Its objective was to: (i) present, validate and improve the preliminary results of the ESIA, ESMP and CRP ; (ii) Ensure compliance of the proposed measures with the requirements and expectations of the authorities.

Some community meetings were also conducted in February 2017 in Niger, to assess the issues associated with crossing two community forests for the last stretch. This included confirming that the route can cross the village forests of Djandjaniori and Panoma.

In Burkina Faso, an information and public awareness campaign was conducted in early 2017 to ensure a good understanding by the affected communities of the objectives and deadlines of the project, the final route chosen and the main conclusions and recommendations formulated by the ESIA and the CRP / RAP.

Stakeholder groups targeted by the stakeholder information and consultation process included: (i) relevant ministries and national agencies; (ii) the departmental and communal authorities and technical services; (iii) customary authorities; (iv) the communities and households affected by the route of the line and the location of the sub-stations; (v) NGOs and civil society organizations in the fields of nature conservation, development and human rights.

4.2 Overall Results of Public Consultations

The main concerns and expectations raised during these consultations concerned: (i) the integration of environmental and social considerations in the choice of the route of the power line; (ii) the provision of the ESIA report and the CRP / RAP to the Technical Services after validation; (iii) adequate compensation for losses caused and support during the relocation of PAPs; (iv) information and involvement of customary authorities and communities in the compensation process and the planning of works; (v) support for income-generating activities for women; (vi) access to electricity for communities; (vii) the use of local labor during construction; (viii) the proposal for adequate management measures that are adapted to the realities on the ground.

All reports have been submitted for validation and disclosure at the national level. They were the subject of national validation workshops as follows: (i) from 12 to 13 April 2017 for Benin; (ii) from July 18 to 19, 2017 for Burkina Faso; (iii) from 14 to 16 December 2017 for Niger; (iv) in July 2017 for Nigeria.

4.3 Results of Public Consultations with PAPs

The main concerns expressed by the individually consulted PAPs relate to compensation and resettlement arrangements. Many people question the effectiveness of the mechanisms that will be put in place (valuation of goods and payment of compensation before displacement). Some cite other

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 12 projects in which the procedures have not been fluid (late payment of compensation for example); Affected persons have expressed a sense of unfairness and

fear that these compensation defects will reoccur. The following graphs show the results of individual consultations. Expectations for the Project: As with the concerns, the expectations expressed during the public consultations and by the individually consulted PAPs are relatively similar. The populations that were consulted expect all the positive impacts of rural electrification. The inhabitants of the villages crossed by the 225-kV Line Project which will not benefit from rural electrification will undoubtedly have a strong feeling of frustration. Significant improvement in living standards through rural electrification with : - Access to consumer goods such as fans, refrigerators, lighting, television, etc. - Improvement of the educational level thanks to rural electrification and reduction of illiteracy. - Improvement of health infrastructures and care capacities. Economic development of the concerned villages, including the development of income-generating activities, including commercial activities. - Transformation of production methods thanks to electric current (mills, hullers, welding, mechanics, sawmills, boilermaking, etc.). - Creation of direct jobs linked to the construction site (high expectations for young people) and jobs created thanks to new opportunities related to rural electrification. - Development of women's economic activities, with new opportunities (sewing workshops, etc.). - Opportunities for better food preservation and food processing. - Improvement of security conditions, notably thanks to public lighting. - Better access to information.

4.4 Participation and public consultation as part of project implementation

This participatory approach will be maintained and strengthened during project implementation through a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (PEPP) at the regional level. This PEPP will be implemented by each of the national electricity companies in close collaboration with the PMU, the communities impacted by the project, the local authorities, the authorities of the decentralized and/or devolved institutions. It will ensure a dynamic of social peace and transparency. It consists of: (i) putting in place the complaints and grievance registration and processing system, as well as the mechanism for grievance management by providing all stakeholders or interested citizens with the opportunity to comment , to express their concerns and by this same means, to access information and, where appropriate, to appeal and seek redress under the review mechanism. Its good functioning, the rate at which it handles complaints of different levels and the quality of the information which will circulate will be a gauge of the integration of the project in the communities. A dysfunctional complaint handling system can quickly lead to a serious deterioration of inter-stakeholder relations and cause blockages in the implementation of the project. (ii) formalize partnerships, conventions and working arrangements with project stakeholders according to the roles and limitations of each; (iii) Coordinate activities between different stakeholders; (iv) Ensure the capitalization, sharing and dissemination of information to all stakeholders; (v) Support actors in this process and, more generally, when monitoring.

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 13

AfDB will also publish summaries of the ESIAs and CRPs on its website.

5. INTEGRATION WITH HOSTING COMMUNITIES

The principles recognized by the AfDB concerning integration with hosting populations are not applicable because PAPs will not be relocated to another site in another village than the one they occupied before displacement. This answers the concerns of PAPs who wish to stay in their village of origin or residence. All necessary steps will be taken to respect this choice and identify appropriate solutions with the customary owners.

6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES

6.1 Socio-economic characteristics of PAPs

6.1.1 In Benin In total, out of the 52 households affected by the right-of-way of the power line, eight (8) main and secondary structures are to be displaced. These structures belong to four (4) different households from the village of Bodjécali. The project, which is covered by the current study, covers a total of 55 plots. Among which, 49 are fields. No trees or structures are to be compensated. In two (2) parcels, trees will have to be compensated because they are inside the right-of-way. One of the parcels has three (3) karities while the other parcel has two (2) karities and nine (9) trees of the species: Diospyros sp. These two plots are found in Bodjécali and Wollo

The heads of households affected by the power line are mainly men (76.9%). In the village of Dèguè- Dèguè, however, the opposite is observed, whith 60.0% of the heads of households affected being women. This situation largely strays from that presented by the control group, where it was found that 100% of the heads of these households are men. The vast majority of heads of households are married, but the situation is divided between monogamy (46.2%) and polygamy (50.0%). The villages of Tassi- Tedji and Tassi-Zénon are distinguished by a large proportion of widowers holding the position of head of the households which will be impacted (20.0%). All heads of household affected by the electricity project are Muslim, just as is in the control group. In addition, a large majority of these leaders have no formal education. This is particularly true for all village chiefs of Dèguè-Dèguè, Monnin, Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, which is line with the portrait of the control group. While in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, 17.6% of the chiefs reached primary education level, as did 20.0% of the village chiefs in Wollo. Finally, 33.3% of Wouro-Hesson village chiefs attended secondary school while this situation affects 13.3% of the Wollo chiefs. It should be noted, however, that 36.5% of the affected households have received Koranic education; situation very similar to that found in the control group (37.5%). While the majority of heads of households are of dendi origin (50.0%), a significant number are also Hausa, particularly in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (47.1%), Monnin (57.1%) and Wouro-Hesson (33.3%). In the villages of Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, the majority of the chiefs are Djermans (60.0%). A significant proportion are also Fulani (20.0%).

The members of households affected by the project are mainly young. In the case of the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, Dèguè-Dèguè and Wollo, more than half of the household members met are aged between 5 and 15, i.e. 40.3%, 54.2% and 44.7% respectively. In the case of Monnin and Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, it was respectively found that 45.7% and 41.7% of the household members concerned are between 16 and 35 years old.

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Among the heads of households met, 90.4% have agriculture as their main activity. In the villages of Monnin (14.3%), Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon (20.0%), several chiefs are for their part pastoralists – in line with the control group while 62.5% of the chiefs are breeders - while in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, a significant number are self-employed (17.6%).

The households affected by the project, for the most part, have a radio/cassette /music system (75.0%), a motorbike (53.8%), a telephone (mobile or fixed) (44.2%) as well as a bicycle (36.5%). These four (4) types of equipment are also the main ones owned by households in the control group. We also note that several of the households in the Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon (60.0%), Wollo (33.3%) and Wouro- Hesson (66.7%) villages have an electrical connection to the SBE, while none of the affected households in the villages of Bodjécali, Dèguè-Dèguè and Monnin have any.

The residences of the households affected by the project consist mainly of corrugated sheets of iron (73.1%) used for roofing, which is also observed in the control group (75.0%). As for the walls, these mainly consist of earth soil in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (52.9%), Monnin (57.1%) and Wollo (26.7%) - which is in line with the control group (62.5%). However, in the case of Dèguè- Dèguè, the residences are mainly composed of mud bricks (80.0%). These mud bricks are also used in 42.9% of the residences of affected households in the Monnin village. Finally, in regards to the flooring, the latter consist of either earth, sand and straw (44.2%) or smooth cement (53.8%). This latter material is also the most popular among households in the control group (75.0%).

The sources of drinking water during the dry season are, in turn, very diverse. Large diameter wells are the main sources used in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (88.2%), just as in the control group (50.0%), while the whole village of Dèguè-Dèguè resorts to a protected source. Drilling is used by the villages of Monnin (57.1%) and Wollo (53.3%), while running water (SONEB) is the main source for the villages of Tassi-Tedji / Tassi-Zénon (80.0%) and Wouro-Hesson (66.7%).

As for sources of drinking water during the rainy season, rainwater is the main source used in the villages of Dèguè-Dèguè (100%), Wollo (60.0%) and Wouro-Hesson (66.7%). Large-diameter wells are important in Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga (70.6%) and in Monin (57.1%), as was equally in the control group. Finally, in the case of Tassi-Tedji and Tassi-Zénon, running water (SONEB) is used (60.0%).

At the crop level, 59.6% of project affected households produce rice and all sell at least some of it. The highest production is observed in the villages of Wollo and Bodjécali, where households produced an average of 12,428.6 kg and 10,257.1 kg respectively over the last 12 months.

The households affected by the project right-of-way have on average one (1) plot, with an average plot area of 15 225 m2. In the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, this area is 21 052 m2 while it is only 5000 m2 in the village of Wouro-Hesson. This average area of total plots is significantly higher than that of the control group which up to 5 006 m².

The vast majority of these plots used by households are cultivated (96.8%) and are owned under customary law (42.9%). A significant proportion is also bought (23.8%) and a small number are borrowed (14.3%), corresponding to 38.1% in the villages of Bodjécali and Bodjécali Tounga, and 20.0% in that of Dèguè-Dèguè. This type of entitlement is also that of the majority of households in the control group, while 66.7% of households borrow the land from a third party; only 16.7% of households hold a customary right over cultivated land.

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 15

Only 9.6% of affected households get an economic development index of between 16 and 20, while 25% of households in the control group where found to be in this gap.

6.1.2 Burkina Faso

Overall, 829 households own 11 915 trees in the right-of-way. There are 118 households with 248 main structures (houses, shops) and/or 467 secondary structures (sheds, granaries, etc.). There are 42 community sites, natural sites, sacred sites, cemeteries, and so on to be affected.

The heads of households affected by the power line are mainly men (91.8%). Nevertheless, all the provinces crossed have households headed by women (8.2%). There are slightly more households headed by women in the province of Kouritenga (14.6%). The vast majority of heads of households are married. Monogamy (58.8%) is more widely practiced than polygamy (36.5%). In the villages crossed, the number of widowed heads of household amounts to 2.3% - a proportion comparable to that of the control group (2.2%). A very large majority of heads of households affected by the electricity project are Muslim (50.0%) - more than was observed in the households of the control group (38.5%). It is also worthy of note that a significant proportion are Catholics and 40.5% of registered heads of households say they practice this religion. While the majority of heads of households are of Mossi ethnic origin (68.1%) – like in the control group (70.4%) - just over a quarter of them are Gourmantché ethnic origin (25.9%). In addition, like the control group, a large majority of these heads of households have no formal education (87.0%). Only a few heads in the Gourma, Kadiogo and Kouritenga provinces have reached a secondary education level, and 3.7% of Kadiogo heads have received higher education - a distinction that is probably due to the presence of the national capital in that province. It should be noted, however, that 13.1% of affected households attended literacy classes and 8.5% attended Koranic education system schools; which is slightly lower than those observed in the control group (respectively with 20.7% and 11.9%).

The members of households affected by the project are mainly young. In fact, nearly 57.6% of the household members met are between 0 and 15 years old. The largest proportion of the population is between 5 and 15 years old in all the provinces affected by the project.

The households affected by the project have, for the most part, a bicycle (96.3%) and a telephone (mobile or fixed) (94.5%). These two (2) types of equipment are also the main ones owned by households in the control group. The plow (91.5%) and the radios/cassettes /music systems (85.4%) are also owned by a large number of households. We also note that a very small number of affected households have an electrical connection to SONABEL; corresponding to 4.9% of affected households. In the province of Kadiogo, 14.8% of registered households have a connection, while none are connected in the provinces of Oubritenga and Tapoa. The residences of the households affected by the project consist mainly of sheet metal (79.0%) in regards to the roofing, which is also found for the households in the control group (80.0%). The walls are mainly made of banco (67.0%) whereas the floors are made of smooth cement in 71.8% of the cases - which once again, in both cases, is in line with results found in the control groups.

The households affected by the project mainly use firewood (biomass) as a source of energy for cooking (96.1%) - like the control group (98.5%). The battery-powered (electric) lamp is the main source of lighting for affected households in all the

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 16

provinces crossed (67.8%) - a finding that is also made for households in the control group (65.2%).

The main source of drinking water, both in the dry and rain season, is drilling, in five (5) of the six (6) provinces crossed as well as in the control group. Only households interviewed in the Kadiogo province use more tap water (56.8%) than drilling water.

Among the heads of households met, 93.1% are mainly engaged in agriculture - joining the control group (93.3%). At the livestock level, several types of animals are owned and sold by households affected by the project right-of-way. Timber collection is a major source of income for affected households in all provinces, with 83.5% of households engaged in this activity. Small jobs are relatively important for affected households, with 33.1% of affected households who see them as sources of livelihood. In addition, money transfers are a source of livelihood for 23.4 per cent of affected households; households surveyed in the province of Oubritenga are the most concerned by this source, wherein 32.1% benefit from it.

Households affected by the project right-of-way average 2.5 plots, with an average size of 2.3 ha. Affected households in Kouritenga province hold the smallest average area at 1.8 ha while it is 2.7 ha for households in Gourma province. The average size of the 2.2 ha control group is halfway between the two extremes. The vast majority of these plots used by households are cultivated (84.7%). If these lands are mainly family fields (53.9%), especially in the provinces of Ganzourgou, Gourma, Oubritenga and Tapoa, it is quite different for that of Kadiogo and Kouritenga where customary law prevails. Finally, a significant proportion hold land which are borrowed in the province of Oubritenga (30.6%).

6.1.3 Niger

In total, 193 main structures including 171 residences, 14 businesses and 8 residences and 38 secondary structures are to be displaced. Most of them are located in the Tillaberi area and very few households have land outside the right-of-way to resettle onto. The project, which is the subject of this study, affects a total of 295 trees in the right-of-way (132 trees could not be attributed to one region, however).

The heads of households affected by the power line are mainly men (99.1%). Only the localities crossed in the Tillabéri region have some women as head of households (1.3% of affected households in the Tillabéri region). The vast majority of heads of households are married. Monogamy (78.0%) is more widely practiced than polygamy (20.2%). While the majority of heads of households in the project area are of Fulani ethnic origin (67.3%), the control group is mainly made up of Djermas households. This ethnic group is also important for affected households in the Dosso region. In addition, a large majority of these heads of households have no formal education. In the case of Tillaberi, 1.3% of the affected heads reached a technical level, while 5.3% reached secondary education level - 9.4% also reached this level in the Dosso region. It should be noted, however, that 19.1% of affected households have received Koranic education; slightly lower than the proportion observed in the control group (30.2%).

The members that make up the households affected by the project are mainly young. In the case of the localities of Tillabéri, nearly 48.9% of the members of the households met are between 0 and 15 years old. In the Dosso and Niamey regions, The majority of the population is between 16 and 35 years old ; 45.7%

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 17 and 55.6% respectively. A large majority of household heads affected by the electricity project are Muslim (96.4%) - while households in the control group all practice Islam. However, some households in the regions of Dosso (3.1%) and Tillaberi (3.9%) are Christians.

The households affected by the project have, for the most part, a telephone (mobile or fixed) (78.0%) and a radio/cassette/music system (57.8%). These two (2) types of equipment are also the main ones owned by households in the control group. The plow and the cart are also owned by a large number of households, mainly in the localities of Niamey to be crossed through. We also note that a very small number of affected households have an electrical connection to a grid; corresponding to 12.5% of affected households in the Dosso area and 4.0% in the Tillaberi area.

The residences of households affected by the project are mainly thatch (49.5%) in regards to the roof, while in the control group, wood and mud are the main materials used (46.9%). As for the walls, these consist mainly of mud bricks in the localities of Dosso (65.6%) and Niamey (100%) - which rejoins the results of the control group (75.3%). However, in the case of the localities of Tillabéri, the walls of the residences are mainly composed of wood (38.7%). Finally, for floors, these consist of soil, sand and straw (67.0%). This set of materials is also the most popular among households in the control group (91.4%).

The households affected by the project mainly use firewood (biomass) as a source of energy for cooking (79.8%) - unlike the control group whose households use of charcoal (45.1%) just as much as they use firewood (45.1%). The battery-powered (electric) lamp is the main source of lighting for the affected households in the regions of Niamey (50.0%) and Tillabéri (73.3%), while for the region of Dosso the main source is firewood (34.4%). This data strays from the results of households in the control group for whom the oil lamp is the main source of lighting (35.2%).

The main source of drinking water, both in the dry and wet season, is drilling, in all three (3) areas crossed and in the control group. Indeed, this source is used by 59.4% of the households affected in Dosso during the dry season and 56.3% during the rainy season; by 50.0% of affected households in the Niamey region throughout the year; and 94.7% of affected households in Tillabéri during the dry season and 52.0% in the rain season. It should be noted, however, that affected households in the Dosso region also use unprotected water sources in a large proportion (34.4%).

Among the heads of households met, 30.9% are mainly engaged in agriculture. However, the vast majority of PAPs are both farmers and breeders (59.1%) – in line with the control group (61.1%). In total, 57.8% of the households concerned own cattle. In this regard, affected households in the Niamey region stand out with an average of 24.5 cattle per household. For the other regions, the average number of cows per household is between 6.5 and 10.2 animals, which is closer to the average observed for the control group (4.9 animals). In total, 52.4% of affected households sell all or part of this livestock. Timber wood collection is a major source of income for affected households in all regions, as 74.3% of households practice this activity. However, it should be noted that only 2.5% of them sell, which suggest the importance of the use of this wood by the households themselves. This proportion of affected households is of equivalent importance to that observed in the control group where 75.9% of households collect wood and only 7.3% of them sell it. Small jobs and money transfers are relatively important for affected households in the Tillabéri region,

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 18 with respectively 21.3% and 18.7% of affected households considering them as sources of livelihood. And to a lesser extent for households in Dosso, with 9.4% of affected households in this region who derive income from small jobs and money transfers.

Households affected by the project right-of-way have on average one (1) field, with an average area of 55 619.5 m2 (5.6 ha). For affected households in the Dosso region, the average total area used is 81 689.9 m2 (8.2 ha), while the average area is 25,000 m2 (2.5 ha) for the households in the Niamey region. The average size for the control group, which is about 56 377.5 m2 (5.6 ha), is close to that of Tillabéri which is 47 874.2 m² (4.8 ha). The vast majority of these fields used by households are used for crop cultivation (85.6%). If these lands are mainly owned under customary law among affected households in Tillaberi (54.2%), it is quite different for the other two regions. A significant proportion owns a lease or a certificate of ownership in the region of Dosso (71.1%), while in the Niamey region, the affected households obtained the land, either by purchase (50.0%) or by lease (50.0%).

6.1.4 Nigeria

The heads of household of the affected properties are mainly men (98.8%). Women represent only 1.2% of heads of households. The most represented ethnic group is Hausa (85.9%), followed by Zabarmawa ethnic group (6.2%). The Fulani ethnic groups (12.8%) and Zabarmawa (13.8%) are more common among affected households at Birnin Kebbi. Almost all households are Muslim (99.8%), with only a small proportion of Christians (0.2%). With regard to marital status, the two categories encountered were Polygames with 47.6% and monogamous with 46.2%. The majority of heads of household, i.e. 54.2% report having no formal education. The others attended primary (17.1%) or secondary (13.9%) schools. The heads of household of Kalga are less educated with 75.2% reporting having no formal schooling.

The main occupations of the heads of household are farmers (57.1%), public service employees (20.2%) and other (10.7%). The vast majority of heads of households in the control group reported being Hausa (86.9%) or Fulani (6%). They are largely educated because only 34.3% report having no formal education, but 20.2% report having a secondary education level and 21.4% having a college education.

In more than 80% of households, the houses have a predominant roof of corrugated iron. The walls of most of these houses consist of mud bricks or compacted mud (45.8% and 30.9% respectively), with concrete and similar elements for the wall of just over 11% of houses. With respect to the floor, most (55%) of the homes are made of earth, while about 40% of the homes made of smoothed earth (26.1%) or cement (14.9%). The houses of Birnin Kebbi are more urbanized with a greater proportion of corrugated sheets - they are made of concrete blocks, concrete walls, etc.

The predominant source of energy for cooking by households is wood (91%) while only a small proportion of Birnin Kebbi's (8.2%) uses electricity for cooking. A proportion of 38% use lamps and 37% have access to the main electricity grid for lighting. Birnin Kebbi has a much higher proportion of household uses (84.1%) for primary electricity than other LGAs.

The main source of drinking water is by borehole and represents on average 86% of all households.

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6.2 Gender disparities In general, financial compensation often has a destabilizing effect, even breaking effect, within households. Women PAPs are under pressure from those around them to share or repay the full amount paid. As for the wives of PAPs, they are often excluded from decisions on the use of financial compensation and may find themselves isolated, in a situation of impoverishment, after the husband has spent all the money without providing for the household or abandoned them, with the children and without resources. The increase in separations and divorces is a frequent phenomenon in areas where financial compensation has been awarded. As a result, a series of measures must be put in place to prevent these perverse social effects: information, awareness and social support. Women are eligible for different measures in the same way as men.

In general, the negative impacts of the project on women will be mainly felt during the construction phase. They are linked to the fact that women are mainly responsible for field work and crop production, which is their main livelihood activity. However, during the operating phase, the outputs of the project will significantly improve their living conditions by providing better social services, reducing domestic tasks and developing income-generating activities.

In Benin, affected households include 229 women and girls (including women heads of household). The latter are mostly young, while 84.3% of them are 35 years old or younger. Only 23.1% of the households concerned are headed by a woman.

In Burkina Faso, affected households include 3 250 women and girls. The latter are mostly young, while more than half of them (63.2%) are aged between 5 and 35 years old. Only 8.2% of the affected households are headed by a woman.

In Niger, only one household, residing in the Tillaberi region, is headed by a woman. The affected households are mostly composed of women and girls.

In Nigeria, affected households are made up of 1 534 women and girls, the majority (45.2%) of whom are aged between 0 and 35 years old. Only 1.2% of affected households are headed by women.

6.3 Assistance to vulnerable people

6.3.1 Identification of vulnerable persons Vulnerability of PAPs refers to the degree of exposure to the negative impacts of displacement, compensation and resettlement: vulnerable persons may be affected more than other PAPs and lack the means to cope with the situational changes brought on by the Project (physical displacement, loss of housing and/or economy, loss of livelihood such as not being able to access a cultivated field). It is difficult to establish categories of vulnerable groups because vulnerability is more likely to arise from individual situations. However, several potential (and frequent) sources of vulnerability have been identified during the socio-economic surveys :

In Benin, women are at the head of 12 of the affected households. No head of household is under the age of 18. However, 23 heads are disabled or live with a chronic illness. In addition, 17 households must be cared for by one or more of their members who have either a disability or a chronic illness. Finally, 40 households were identified as having a low economic development index (21 households between 1 and 5, 19 households between 6 and 10).

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In Burkina Faso, women are heads of households in only 8.2% (74 households) of affected households. In addition, 28 heads of households are disabled or live with chronic illness. In addition, 71 households must be cared for by one or more of their members who have either a disability or a chronic illness.

In Niger, only one household, residing in the Tillaberi region, is headed by a woman. In addition, some heads of households are also facing a disability or a chronic disease, this number is particularly important in the region of Tillabéri where 21 out of 76 heads are found to be in this situation - a proportion much larger than that observed in the control group where 13 out of 162 heads of households experience a similar situation. This characteristic is also found in four (4) heads of the 29 affected households in Dosso, and one (1) of the two households in Niamey. In addition, several households also have one of their members (other than the head) with a disability. Although the number is small, Tillabéri sets itself apart by having nine (9) households in this situation. The studies only found one (1) case in Dosso and eight (8) in the control group. Finally, more than 60% of affected households in the concerned regions have no other plots than the one crossed by the right-of-way. In fact, of the 110 affected households that responded, only 41 households had another plot than that found in the right-of-way.

In Nigeria, the most important source of vulnerability in terms of numbers is illness or disability of the head of household or one of the household members.

6.3.2 Assistance activities for vulnerable households Assisting vulnerable households affected includes the following measures: • identification of vulnerable households and identification of the cause of their vulnerability ; • identification of the additional assistance required at the different stages of the process with the possibility of negotiation ; • monitoring and continuation of post-resettlement assistance and/or additional compensation, if necessary • favorizing subscription to electricity ; • other specialized assistance, depending on the demands and needs of vulnerable households. The aid may include, as appropriate: • assistance in understanding expropriation and compensation procedures • relocation assistance ; • help with the pre-schooling of children; • assistance to social integration. • Allocation of the equivalent of 1% of the total project cost to fund Development Support Activities 7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK, INCLUDING DISPUTE SETTLEMENT AND APPEAL MECHANISMS

7.1 National Regulatory Framework

 In Bénin

The main laws and regulations to be respected are: the Constitution of 11 December 1990; Law 65-25 of August 14, 1965, on the system of land ownership in Dahomey ; the 98-030 of February 12, 1999,

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 21 carrying out a framework law on the environment; Law 83-003 of 17 May 1983 on the Mining Code of the Republic of Benin and its implementing regulations ; Law 97-028 of 15 January 1999 on the organization of territorial administration in the Republic of Benin ; Law 97-029 of January 15, 1999, on the organization of municipalities in the Republic of Benin, Law No. 87-016 on the Water Code, Law No. 2006-17 on the Mining Code and Mining Taxes. To these legislative texts, are added the most important regulatory texts, which are Decree n ° 2001 - 235 of 12 July, 2001 relating to the organization of the procedures for the environmental impact study, Decree n ° 2001-110 of April 2001, laying down air quality standards in the Republic of Benin, Decree 2001-294 of 08 August 2001 on noise regulation in the Republic of Benin and Decree No. 2001-109 of 4 April 2001 fixing the quality standards for residual waters.

 In Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso does have a legal and regulatory arsenal that obliges private or public project promoters to draw up an Environmental Impact Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement and to request the prior opinion of the Minister in charge Environment before any action. These texts include: (i) Law No. 062/95 / ADP of 14 December, 1995, the Code of Investments and Formalities in Burkina Faso and its Implementing Decree No. 96-235 / PM / MICIA / MEF; (ii) Law No. 005/97 / ADP of 30 January, 1997, on the Environmental Code in Burkina Faso; (iii) Law 006/97 / ADP of 31 January 1997 on the Forestry Code in Burkina Faso; (iv) Decree No. 98-322 / PRES / PM / MEE / MCIA / MEM / MS / MATS / METSS / MEF of 28 July 1998 on the conditions of opening and operation of dangerous, unhealthy and uncomfortable establishments; (v) Decree No. 2001-185 / PRES / PM / MEE of 7 May 2001, setting standards for the discharge of pollutants into the air, water and soil; (vi) Decree No. 2001-342 / PRES / PM / MEE of 17 July 2001 on the scope, content and procedure of EIA and NIE. In theory, these laws should contribute to ensuring a good assessment and management of environmental and social impacts. The main problem lies in the enforcement that appears rather weak.

 In Niger

The project is subject to the following policy, institutional and legal frameworks:

Political Framework: In environmental matters, Article 35 of the Constitution of 28 November 2010 deals with the protection and sustainable management of the environment in Niger. Indeed, it grants the right to a healthy environment to every person and the duty of everyone to protect it.

The protection of the environment is a priority of the Nigerien government, which has expressed this in several policy and program documents, which are essential to ensure development of these objectives. These include the National Environment Plan for Sustainable Development (PNEDD), developed in 1998 and which acts as Agenda 21 for Niger. The objectives of this plan are those of Niger's policy on the environment and sustainable development. The Ministry in charge of the environment, in relation with the concerned ministries and institutions, must ensure that the international commitments entered into by Niger in the field of the environment are progressively introduced into legislation, regulations and national policy in the field of the environment.

Legal Framework : . Ordinance n° 93-015 of 2 March 1993 fixing the Principles of Orientation of the Rural Code (POCR). . Ordinance n° 97-001 of 10 January 1997 on the institutionalization of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). . Law n°98-56 of 29 December 1998 on the Framework Law for Environmental Management. . Law n°98-07 of 29 April 1998 setting the regime for hunting and protection of wildlife.

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. Decree n°2000-397/PRN/MH/E/LCD of 20 October 2000 on the Administrative Procedure for the Assessment and Review of Environmental Impacts. . Decree n°2010–540/PCSRD/MEE/LCD of 8 July 2010 on the organization and functioning of the BEEEI and determining the attributions of its director. . Decree n°2000-397/PRN/ME/LCD of 20 October 2000 on the Administrative Procedure for the Assessment and Review of Environmental Impacts. . Decree n°2000-398/PRN/ME/LCD of 20 October 2000 determining the list of Activities, Works and Planning Documents subject to EIA.

 In Nigeria

The requirements of applicable Nigerian legislation include:

. The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992, which imposes restrictions on public or private development projects without prior consideration of the environmental impact. . The National Agency for Environmental Standards and Enforcement Implementation Act, 2007, which allows the Agency to enforce all national environmental laws and regulations (except those relating to the oil and gas sector) and international treaties and conventions to which Nigeria is a party. The Agency has promulgated 24 environmental regulations that prescribe pollution abatement measures, thresholds and other safeguards for various industries, as well as noise and runoff from groundwater and surface water, among others. These include (i) national environmental regulations concerning the protection of wetlands, riverbanks and lake shores (2009) and (ii) national environmental regulations concerning river basins, regions and hilly and mountainous areas and catchment areas (2009) that have a direct impact on the proposed project. . The 2005 Electricity Sector Reform Act, which establishes the National Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) and requires all entities planning for the generation, transmission or distribution of energy (electric power) to include, with their applications, a certificate of approval of the environmental impact assessment or evidence of the submission of the environmental impact assessment report to the Ministry of the Environment or acceptance of the production of the said report. . The national environmental policy whose objective is to achieve sustainable development for the country and which aims primarily to a) create for all Nigerians a quality environment to ensure their health and well-being; (b) preserve and utilize environmental and natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations; and (c) restore, preserve and enhance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere and the conservation of biological diversity, as well as for the adoption of the principle of maximum sustainable yield in the use of natural resources and ecosystems. . The Land Use Act (1978), which recognizes the right of all Nigerians to use and enjoy the land and the resulting product in sufficient quantity and quality to ensure their livelihood and that of their families.

7.2 Applicable Regulatory framework of the African Development Bank The implementation of the project must meet the requirements of the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) and in particular Operational Safeguard 2 (OS2) for involuntary resettlement - land acquisition, displacement and compensation of populations. It aims to clarify all issues related to physical and economic displacement which are not specifically related to land acquisition. The specific objectives of OS2 are: (i) to avoid involuntary resettlement as much as possible, or to minimize its impacts when involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, after all alternative designs of the project have been considered; (ii) ensure that IDPs are genuinely consulted and given the opportunity to participate in the

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 23 planning and implementation of resettlement programs; (iii) ensure that displaced persons receive substantial assistance for their resettlement under the project, so that their standard of living, their ability to generate income, their productive capacities, and all their livelihoods are improved beyond what they were before the project; (iv) provide clear guidance to borrowers on the conditions that must be met with regard to involuntary resettlement issues in Bank operations, to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and resettlement, to actively facilitate social and economic development; to build a viable economy and society; (v) guard against resettlement plans that are ill-prepared or poorly implemented by establishing a mechanism for monitoring the performance of involuntary resettlement programs in Bank operations to find solutions to problems as and when they occur. The implementation of the project also responds to Operational Safeguard 5, which deals with working conditions, health and safety. The other relevant Bank policies and guidelines remain applicable as soon as they are triggered under the ISS. These are mainly: (i) Bank Gender Policy (2001) - Bank Group Strategy on Gender 2014-2018 (2014); (ii) Consolidated Engagement Framework with Civil Society Organizations (2012); (iii) Disclosure and Access to Information Policy (2012); (iv) Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement Manual for Bank Operations (2001); (v) Population Policy and Implementation Strategy (2002) and; (vi) Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for Bank Operations (2015). 7.3 Complaint and Conflict Management Process  Principles

In order to be effective, to inspire confidence and to be used, the mechanism must respect several fundamental principles :

Participation : Representatives of the various stakeholders participate in the mechanism, in particular PAP representatives, local official and customary authorities. The mechanism takes into account gender issues and encourages women's participation.

Background and Relevance : The mechanism is adapted to the context of the Project and is consistent with local governance structures.

Security and confidentiality : All those who wish to do so can safely submit a complaint: the potential risks for users have been taken into account in the design of the mechanism, and this guarantees confidential procedures (confidentiality ensures the security and protection of those who lodge a complaint and those who are affected by it, and this must be done by limiting the number of people with access to sensitive information).

Transparency : Users clearly know how to access the mechanism. Its purpose and function are communicated transparently.

Accessibility : The mechanism is accessible to as many people as possible, especially those who are often excluded or who are most marginalized or vulnerable.

 Main steps

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The complaints management mechanism relies on Local Resettlement Committees, composed of PAP representatives, local officials and customary authorities. These committees are set up in each municipality. The mechanism consists of two main steps :

The registration of the complaint or dispute on a register of complaints.

PAPs have two channels by which they can file their complaints :

 File it with the Local Resettlement Committee of their municipality, which has a complaints register.  Or, file it directly with the Project (the contact details of the Complaints Manager will be communicated and posted in the relevant areas).

Complaints are handled in a uniform manner regardless of the channel chosen.

To manage complainants' expectations, response times are established and users are clearly informed.

The amicable resolution of the complaint.

Once the complaint is registered, the committee in charge examines it. The conclusions can lead to three options :

 The rejection of the complaint (option 1): Further explanations are provided to the complainant so that he can understand the reasons for rejecting his complaint. - If he accepts this rejection, his complaint is closed. - If he disputes this rejection, the complainant may appeal the decision: a mediation body will then attempt to reach an agreement or compromise between the various parties involved. · If it succeeds => option 3. · If it fails, the complainant can go to court.

 Completion of a supplementary survey (option 2)

This may include, for example, a review by the CEC for a review of the assessment. Whatever the conclusions of the investigation, it is essential to clearly communicate to the complainant the findings of the review process and to keep him or her informed of the actions that will be taken as a result of the decision. This additional investigation may lead to :

· A rejection of the request => option 1. · A favorable opinion => option 3.

 The favorable opinion and the signing of an agreement (option 3)

The complainant is satisfied that the complaint has been dealt with fairly and appropriately. All parties involved in the complaint reach an agreement, which they will sign, and which the Local Resettlement Committee will vouch for and also sign. 8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

8.1 Institutions involved

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In Benin, new ministries were created with Decree No. 2013-319 of 11 August 2013 to manage all matters concerning the energy sector in Benin including the Ministry of Energy, petroleum and mining research, and of the Development of renewable energies (MERPMDER). Prior to 2013, environmental and nature protection issues were the responsibility of the Ministry of the Environment, Housing and Urban Development (MEHU). In 2013, the Government of Benin, with a view to achieving its objective of giving a prominent place to the environment, created two new ministries responsible respectively for the environment and the protection of natural and forest resources on the one hand, and on the other hand, sanitation and improvement of the living environment by Decree No. 2013-319 of 11 August 2013 on the composition of the Government, namely: (i) Ministry of the Environment, in charge of the management of Climate Change, Reforestation and Protection of Natural and Forest Resources (MECGCCRPRNF); (ii) Ministry of Urban Planning, Housing and Sanitation (MUHA). These two ministries have for mission to propose the national policies and strategies of development in particular sectors of the environment and the protection of the natural resources and the framework of life and to ensure proper implementation. In accordance with Articles 12 of the Framework Law on the Environment and 1 and 2 of Decree No. 2010-478 of 15 November 2010, the Beninese Environmental Agency (ABE) is a social, cultural and scientific office with legal personality and financial autonomy which is now, with Decree No. 2013-319 of 11 August 2013, the MECGCCRPRNF. It is the body responsible for implementing the environmental policy defined by the Government as part of the overall development plan.

In Burkina Faso, several actors play a role in the design, coordination, application and control of state actions in terms of safety, protection and preservation of the environment :

(i) Ministry responsible for energy with the National Electricity Company of Burkina Faso (SONABEL) and its Standardization, Environment and Safety Department (DNES); (ii) Ministry of the Environment. the Green Economy and Climate Change (MEEVCC); (iii) Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization. It is the ministry supervising the organs of decentralization and planning issues (Governorates of the Regions, High Commissioners and Prefects, Town Halls of the Communes). It is responsible for ensuring the implementation and monitoring of the Government's policy on decentralization. (iv) National Bureau of Environmental Assessments (BUNEE). It is attached to the MEEVCC and its mandate is to promote, supervise and manage the entire environmental assessment process of the country. Its mission is to coordinate the implementation, monitoring and promotion of environmental assessment and inspection policy. As such, the process of validating this report and obtaining the reasoned opinion falls within its competence. In Niger, the institutional actors involved in the project are found at the level of the central administration, parastatals and private organizations at the level of the localities where the project will be carried out. These include: the Ministry of the Environment, Urban Sanitation and Sustainable Development (MESU / DD), the Office of Environmental Assessment and Impact Studies (BEEEI), the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum , Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Mines and Industrial Development, Ministry of Employment, Labor and Social Security, the Ministry of the Interior, Public Security, Decentralization and Customary and Religious Affairs, Territorial Communities, the National Council for the Environment for Sustainable Development (CNEDD), the electrical company (NIGELEC), the Nigerian Energy Council (non-profit organization); Traditional Chiefdoms, Civil Society Organizations including the Collective of Organizations for the Defense of the Right to

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Energy and the Nigerian Association of Professionals in Environmental Impact Studies (ANPÉIE).

In Nigeria, the main institutions concerned are :

(i) Le The Federal Ministry of the Environment ; (ii) The Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN). TCN is responsible for the supervision of the works and its Head of health, safety and environment will be responsible for monitoring these components ; (iii) The Ministry of the Environment of Kebbi State ; (iv) The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) which is under the authority of the Ministry of the Environment. It replaces the federal agency for environmental protection.

8.2 Institutional Capacity Building Technical assistance is needed to strengthen the existing capacities of CRP / RAP implementation structures, including ensuring compliance with AfDB requirements. The consulting engineer and the NGO that will be recruited will take on this work. Training sessions with international consultants will be organized for institutional actors involved in the implementation of compensation and resettlement measures.

9. ELIGIBILITY

9.1 Eligibility criteria for compensation and general provisions An eligibility matrix has been drawn up in line with AfDB’s Operational Safeguard 2, and the principles of eligibility, compensation and assistance have been defined with a special focus on vulnerable people.

Eligible persons are men and women who are negatively affected by the project’s implementation and who are in the right-of-way. By definition, a person is said to be negatively affected by the project when, as a result of the project, that person loses revenue, property, use or other rights to a building, a piece of land or any other movable or immovable property, in whole or in part and permanently or temporarily.

Eligible persons are therefore those who: (i) have legal rights to the land, including customary and traditional rights ; (ii) do not have legal rights to the land at the time of the census, but have on these lands or property a recognized right of enjoyment or certain claims; (iii) Occupy the land, although not having a legal right over it.

The persons thus affected will be entitled to indemnities and compensation, that is to say that they will have to benefit from measures to mitigate this prejudicial damage. These measures may be indemnification or compensation depending on their occupation status of the affected area, rehabilitation, relocation allocation, disturbance allowance.

Also eligible for compensation are the legally recognized beneficiaries of deceased persons in the time interval between the time of the census of property and the distribution of allowances and compensation. The people affected by the Project activities in the different components will have to benefit from compensation calculated from a date called the date of eligibility for the allocation of rights.

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9.2 Deadline for eligibility The provisional deadline is set at the end of the census of PAPs in each country, i.e. October 2015. The final deadline will be set as a priority and carefully in the process of examining the declaration of public utility that is in progress. Meanwhile, in all four countries, there is a corridor marking work with immediate freezing of investments (construction, sustainable planting) in the demarcated area to avoid further exposing the populations of the area. The deadline will be announced to the PAPs in a timely manner.

10. EVALUATION OF LOSSES AND INDEMNITY 10.1 Compensation calculation method

The compensation principles will be as follows :  Whatever its form (in kind or in cash), compensation will be paid before physical and/or economic displacement;  Compensation is calculated at the full replacement value of the lost asset (plus transaction costs). The estimate is made on the basis of the adjusted legal scale of inflation, making sure that this scale guarantees equivalence with the value of the market.

The updates are made on the basis of the inflation rate in the CEMAC zone published in the various annual reports of the Franc Zone by the Banque de France, and in the estimates for 2016 and 2017 announced by the Bank of Central African States (BEAC).

10.2 Basis of estimation Housing : The replacement cost of housings has been calculated taking into account the following: (i) The value of the land occupied by the lease. It is calculated according to the area of the concession and the price of the land as determined during the socio-economic surveys in September 2015; (ii) The replacement value of the housing was estimated by the field crews according to several criteria (price of building materials and labor, configuration, size and type of buildings).

Agricultural land : In agricultural zones, there is no firm acquisition of agricultural land for the creation of right-of-way for high-voltage lines. Thus, according to the principle, agricultural crops in the corridor of the line are not compensated because they continue to belong to its owner who can continue to carry out agricultural activities, except that they are prohibited from growing crops more than four (4) meters in height. The only area permanently lost by the households is the land under the pylons, equivalent to 60 m2 under each one. Since the different locations where they will be erected are not yet known, PAPs affected by these structures are not known. The price of land, meanwhile, varies in the project area according to the local land market.

Crop : Although it is recommended to construct the line after the harvest period, compensation for lost crops must be estimated in order to predict the costs associated with a construction beginning before the harvest.

Trees : The cost of compensating for trees, often referred to as the "replacement cost", has been calculated taking into account agronomic characteristics (non-production period, period before reaching full production) and economic data (price of plant, sale price of production, labor, etc.). Economic trees identified in the area of the substation and on the line corridor will be compensated on the basis of a unit cost corresponding to a

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replacement cost calculated from field data collected during surveys and cross-checked with those of the Directorate General of Water Resources and Natural Resources.

11. IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE RESETTLEMENT SITE(S), SELECTION OF SITE(S), PREPARATION OF SITE AND RESETTLEMENT

As part of the project, affected households will be rebuilt within the original community. Land issues do not arise. The exact site for each PAP will be determined and adjusted according to the preparation of the implementation of the CRP even before the displacement of the households.

12. HOUSING, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES

The water and sanitation infrastructures that are the boreholes and wells will be systematically replaced.

In view of improving the living conditions of the populations of the area, the project intends to allow their systematic subscription to electricity and to contribute to public lighting in collaboration with the municipalities.

13. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The protection of the environment will be ensured in accordance with the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) contained in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

14. SCHEDULE OF EXECUTION The overall planning for the implementation of the Comprehensive Resettlement Plan is presented in the below table :

Description of operations Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Constitution of the ad hoc committee

Capacity building of administrations information and awareness campaign for

PAPs

Verification of PAPs and quick update of socio-economic data of start areas

Verification of indemnity amounts per

PAP payment of indemnity

Construction of houses

Assistance to vulnerable people

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Relocation of persons

Monitoring of CRP

Audit and impact assessment of the CRP

15. COSTS AND BUDGET 15.1 Cost of CRP The budget including all the measures adopted in the framework of this plan, including the costs of the implementation and the monitoring and evaluation of the operation, amounts to: (i) 33 743 850 CFAF or 56 240 USD for Benin; (ii) CFAF 1 210 878 695 or USD 2 018 131 for Burkina Faso; (iii) 2 234 951 940 CFAF or 3 724 920 USD for Niger; (iv) 1,259,670,712 NGN or USD 6,323,966. (1 USD = 600 CFAF)

Detailed budget of Benin

DESCRIPTION COST

CFAF USD Compensation for crops (300 m2 per pylon for a crop valued at 385 CFAF / kg) 1 414 875 2 358 Compensation for trees 145 000 242 Lump sum monetary support for restriction of agricultural activities (60 m2 per 380 000 633 pylon) Resettlement of main structures (houses) (includes replacement of structures, 7 590 000 12 650 compensation for relocation of structures and equipment (CFAF 20,000 per structure) and administration fees and taxes (CFAF 100,000 per structure) Resettlement of secondary structures 50 000 83

Income support during the move 540 000 900 ($ 1 per day for 30 days to each household member who owns a structure in the right-of-way) Subtotal of compensations 10 119 875 16 866

Support to the accompanying NGO 21 600 000 36 000

Contingencies (15% of the RAP subtotal) 1 517 981 2 530

Compensation for access roads and labor camps (5% 505 994 843 subtotal of RAP)

Total du RAP/CRP 33 743 850 56 240

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Detailed budget of Burkina Faso

DESCRIPTION COST CFAF USD Compensation for crops 4 671 000 7 785

Compensation for trees 94 708 000 157 847 Resettlement of main structures (houses) 78 638 793 131 065

Resettlement of secondary structures 48 842 233 81 404

Sacred sites 12 650 000 21 083

Support to vulnerable groups 2 088 000 3 480

Resettlement Action Planning (RAP) – Outlying area

Compensation for crops 491 400 819

Compensation for trees 91 819 000 153 032 Resettlement of main structures (houses) 103 744 408 172 907

Resettlement of secondary structures 66 412 745 110 688 Subtotal of compensations 504 065 580 840 109

Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 546 000 000 910 000

Support to local NGOs 60 000 000 100 000 Contingencies (15% of the RAP subtotal) 75 609 837 126 016

Compensation for access roads and workers' camps 25 203 279 42 005 (5% of the RAP subtotal)

Total of the RAP/CRP 1 210 878 695 2 018 131

Detailed budget of Niger

DESCRIPTION COST

(CFAF*) (USD*)

Compensation for crops (300 m2 per pylon for a crop valued at 250 CFAF / kg) 5 372 250 8 954

Compensation for agricultural land (60 m2 per pylon for a value of 29.345 1 672 665 2 788 CFAF / m2) Compensation for planted and / or fruit trees 14 997 926 24 997 Resettlement of main structures (houses) (includes the replacement of structures (USD 345 066 831 575 111 539,312), to which is added the indemnity for the removal of structures and equipment (CFAF 20,000 per structure) and administrative costs and taxes of (100,000 CFAF per structure) Resettlement of secondary structures 19 765 667 32 943 (attics, wells, water tanks, ponds, enclosures, mosques and graves)

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Resettlement of commercial structures (includes the replacement of structures, 7 466 111 12 444 compensation for the loss of commercial income (one month of revenue), compensation for the relocation of structures and equipment (20,000 CFAF per structure) and administration costs and taxes of (100,000 CFAF per structure) Community structures (school washrooms, Integrated Health Center) 150 810 000 251 350 Income support during moving ($ 1 per day for 30 days to each household member 8 928 000 14 880 who has a structure in the right-of-way) Support to vulnerable groups (USD 1 per day for 30 days for each household member 2 106 000 3 510 who has a structure in the right-of-way, where the head of household or one of their members is considered vulnerable) Subtotal of compensations 556 185 450 926 976 Research office or NGO 360 000 000 600 000 Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (1% of project) 1 097 754 000 1 829 590 Administration of the Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (10% FCC) 109 775 400 182 959 Contingencies (15% of the RAP subtotal) 83 427 817 139 046 Compensation for access roads and labor camps 27 809 272 46 349 (5% of the RAP subtotal)

Total of RAP/CRP 2 234 951 940 3 724 920

Detailed budget of Nigeria

COST DESCRIPTION NGN USD Compensation for crops 13 380 637 67 175 Farmland compensation 244 149 132 1 225 710 Fallow land compensation 27 979 868 140 468 Compensation for trees 1 065 950 5 351 Compensation of main structures (replacement of the structure, acquisition of new 314 753 000 1 580 165 sites, relocation benefits, administration fees and taxes) Secondary structure compensation (attic, kitchen, drilling) 2 880 000 14 459 Commercial Structure Compensation (Replacement of the structure, acquisition of 95 782 000 480 857 new sites, relocation benefits, administration fees and taxes) Compensation for community structures (mosques, schools, Koranic schools) 18 500 000 92 876 Compensation for Community assets (Natural area) 20 000 000 100 407 Income support allowance for resettlement (1 USD / day for each household 1 697 099 8 520 member for 30 days, for household with main structure) Support for vulnerable groups (USD 1 per day for 30 days for each household member who has a structure in the right-of-way, where the head of household or 466 105 2 340 one of their members is considered vulnerable) Subtotal of Compensations 740 653 791 3 718 328 Management Unit of the implementation of the CRP 283 148 585 1 421 500

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NGO recruitment for social support 30 476 070 153 000 Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (1% of project) 52 055 916 261 338 Administration of the Community Compensation Fund (FCC) (10% FCC) 5 205 592 26 134 Contingencies (15% of the amount of compensation) 111 098 069 557 749 Compensation for access roads and workers' life base (5% of total compensation) 37 032 690 185 916 Total RAP and FCC 1 259 670 712 6 323 966 Conversion rate : 199.19 NGN = 1 USD

1.4 Financial Plan Institution Amount Government of Benin 33 743 850 CFAF Government of Burkina Faso 1 210 878 695 CFAF Government of Niger 2 234 951 940 CFAF Government of Nigeria 1 259 670 712 NGN

16. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

16.1 General Approach

Monitoring and evaluation are fundamental components of resettlement actions. The purpose of monitoring is to examine what works or does not work, to identify difficulties or points of blockage, to understand the reasons for them, and to respond to them with the appropriate adjustments. It is carried out in three main aspects: the resources mobilized, the activities carried out and the effects of the actions. The evaluation, in turn, aims to verify whether the overall policy objectives have been met and to learn from the operation to change strategies and implementation in a longer-term perspective.

16.2 Monitoring

Consists of an internal follow-up, with monthly, quarterly or semi-annual reporting according to the indicators, of the use of the resources, the execution of the planned activities and the effects. Monitoring of the implementation will be carried out by the PMU in each of the two countries. CECs will be involved in the indicator survey and reports will be sent to them. In accordance with ADB SO2, monitoring will include :  The availability of sufficient financial resources, as indicated in the budget, for the realization of RAP.  Review of the grievance and redress mechanism.  The material progress of the impact of the resettlement action plan. The following table provides examples of indicators.

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Table : Tracking indicators for resources, activities and effects

Indicators Sources of verificatio Frequency Resources (inputs) % of overall budget execution (expenses) Internal financial documents Quarterly % of implementation by budget line (amount of Internal financial documents Quarterly compensation paid to PAPs, assistance to vulnerable people, etc.) Activities (outputs) Number and% of indemnity agreements signed with PAPs PAP database Monthly Internal documents Reporting from partners Number and% of complaints processed PAP database Monthly Internal documents Reporting from partners Number and% of indemnities paid PAP database Monthly Internal financial documents Reporting from partners Effects (outcomes) Number and% of displaced PAPs PAP database Monthly Internal documents Reporting from partners Number and% of PAPs receiving compensation (by PAP database Monthly category and with amounts) Internal documents Reporting from partners Quality of constructed buildings PAP database Semi-annually Internal documents Replacement rate of fruit trees PAP database Semi-annually Internal documents

16.3 Evaluation

- Internal evaluation

An internal evaluation will be conducted immediately after Project completion. In particular, it will be necessary to ensure that : • Displaced persons have been resettled, as much as possible, near their former location. • IDPs enjoy housing of at least the same quality as their former habitat. • Land security is respected. • All due indemnities have been paid

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- External completion audit

An external completion audit will also be conducted upon project completion. This audit will be carried out by independent evaluators, demonstrating a solid experience in the field and if possible knowing the specificities of Cameroon. In addition to analyzing the documents provided during internal monitoring, they will carry out their own field analyzes by surveys of stakeholders and people affected by the Project. This evaluation should draw lessons that may be useful for the implementation of RAPs in future similar projects. Moreover, as stated in AfDB’s OS2, it will have to "compare the actual situation with the expected or foreseeable situation, including, in particular, the number of people affected, and examine the assumptions, associated risks and those induced by the resettlement, as well as the difficulties encountered ". 17. REFERENCES AND CONTACTS

17.1 References This summary was prepared on the basis of the following documents :

Benin

 WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Benin section, version de mai 2017, 452 pages ;

 WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Benin section, version de mai 2017, 127 pages

 WSP. 2016. RAP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Benin section, version de mai 2017, 283 pages. Burkina Faso

 WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Burkina Faso section, October 2016 version, 616 pages ;

 WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Burkina Faso section, October 2016 version, 155 pages

 WSP. 2016. RAP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Burkina Faso section, October 2016 version, 222 pages. Niger  WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Niger section, version de May 2017 version, 723 pages ;

 WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Niger section, version de May 2017 version, 270 pages

 WSP. 2016. PAR Report – North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Niger section, version de May 2017 version, 400 pages. Nigeria  WSP. 2016. ESIA Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Nigeria section, version de July 2017 version, 426 pages ;

 WSP. 2016. ESMP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Nigeria section, version de July 2017 version, 134 pages ;

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 35

 WSP. 2016. RAP Report - North Dorsal Interconnection Project 330 kv- Nigeria - Niger –Burkina Faso- Togo/Benin- Nigeria section, July 2017 version, 248 pages. 17.2 Contacts For any other information, please address : On behalf of WAPP/ EEEOA  Harouna COULIBALY, WAPP, Resident Expert in Environmental and Social Protection, E-mail : [email protected]

On behalf of the concerned countries  Benin : Sotelle HOUESSOU, CEB, Head of the Environmental Department, E-mail : [email protected]  Burkina Faso : Sibiri J.B. COMPAORE, SONABEL, Head of the Standards, Environmental and Safety, E-mail : [email protected]  Niger : Issaka HOUDOU, NIGELEC, Environmentalist, E-mail : [email protected]  Nigeria : Akande Joseph TUNDE, TCN, Assistant General Manager, E-mail : [email protected]

On behalf of the AfDB  Bassirou DIALLO, AfDB, Côte d’Ivoire, E-mail : [email protected]  Raymond KITANDALA, AfDB, Côte d’Ivoire, E-mail : [email protected]  Modeste KINANE, AfDB, Côte d’Ivoire, E-mail : [email protected]  Pierre Hassan SANON, AfDB, Tunisia, E-mail : [email protected]

SUMMARY OF CRP/RAP NORTH DORSAL ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTION OF BENIN-BURKINA FASO-NIGER- NIGERIA 36