Skomer Island Bird Report 2015
Published by:
The Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales The Nature Centre Fountain Road Tondu Bridgend CF32 0EH 01656 724100 [email protected] www.welshwildlife.org
For any enquiries please contact:
Skomer Island c/o Lockley Lodge Martins Haven Marloes Haverfordwest Pembrokeshire SA62 3BJ 07971 114302 [email protected]
Skomer Island National Nature Reserve is owned by Natural Resources Wales and managed by The Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. More details on visiting Skomer are available at www.welshwildlife.org. Seabird monitoring on Skomer Island NNR is supported by JNCC.
Skomer Island Systematic List 2015 Edited by Jason Moss, Skomer Assistant Warden.
The season started on 5th March and ended on 19th November. A total of 158 species were recorded on Skomer Island in 2015 (four short of the 162 achieved in 2014), plus five distinct subspecies.
Island rarities summary 2015
Species Island status Last recorded Great White Egret 1st island record NA European White-fronted Goose 1st island record of this race NA Black Stork 3rd island record 1991 Spotted Crake 3rd island record 1971 Goshawk 3rd, 4th and 5th island records 2014 Greenish Warbler 5th and 6th island records 2014 Black-headed Bunting 7th island record 2014 Mute Swan 7th and 8th Island records 2014 Blue-headed Wagtail 8th island record 2014 Nightingale 8th island record 2012 Long-tailed Skua 8th island record 2014 Cetti’s Warbler 8th island record 2011 Iceland Gull 10th island record 2014 Glaucous Gull 12th island record 2014 Woodlark 12th island record 2010
Skomer Island seabird population summary 2015
Species and count units Totals for 2015 Totals for 2014 % change from 5 year % 2014 change Fulmar (AOS) 584 556 +5.04 +23.21 Cormorant (AON 7 6 +16.67 - Shag (AON) 4 - - - Lesser Black-backed Gull (AON) 7630 8432 -9.51 -25.47 Herring Gull (AON) 377 440 -14.32 -19.76 Great Black-backed Gull (AON) 123 107 +14.95 +53.75 Black-legged Kittiwake (AON) 1546 1488 +3.90 -20.74 Guillemot (IND) 23746 23493 +1.08 +9.49 Razorbill (IND) 7489 6541 +14.49 +46.33 Puffin (IND) 21349 18237 +17.06 +69.75 Data on the seabirds breeding season has been compiled from the Skomer Seabird Report 2015.
Skomer Island breeding land-birds population summary 2015
Species 2015 2014 Canada Goose 29 pairs 21 pairs Shelduck 1 pair 2 pairs Mallard 3 pairs 3 pairs Shoveler 2 pairs 2 pairs Teal 0 ? Common Pheasant 8 pairs Many Common Buzzard 5 territories 5 territories Peregrine 3 territories 3 territories Common Moorhen 5 territories 4 (minimum) Oystercatcher 73 territories 66 territories Eurasian Curlew 3 territories 3 territories Wood Pigeon 4 territories 4 territories Short-eared Owl 2 pairs 3 pairs Little Owl 1 pair 1 pair Skylark 6 territories 4 territories Barn Swallow 10 nests 8 nests Rock pipit 14 territories 24 territories Meadow Pipit 107 territories 97 territories Pied Wagtail 3 pairs 2 pairs Dunnock 16 territories 10 territories Northern Wheatear 18 territories 15 territories Blackbird 2 territories 2 territories Common Whitethroat 22 territories 26 territories Sedge Warbler 40 territories 44 territories Common Chiffchaff 1 territory 2 territories Wren 52 territories 64 territories Magpie 6 territories 2 nests (minimum) Red-billed Chough 4 pairs 3 pairs Carrion Crow 11 nests 9 nests Common Raven 8 nests 4 nests Jackdaw 53 territories ? Common Linnet 1 territory (minimum) ? Reed Bunting 5 territories 4 territories Stonechat 2 nests 2 nests
List of contributors mentioned within the systematic list
Name Initial Eddie Stubbings EMS Jason Moss JWM Leighton Newman LN Ollie Padget OP Ted Wallen TW Mike Wallen MW David Astins DA Des Brommage DB Birgitta Bueche BB Sula Riedlinger SR
Cover photo – Jason Moss ©
Skomer Migration Highlights Edward Stubbings Spring
March on Skomer is the time to look for the first returning shearwaters and Puffins as well as winter visitors and some eagerly awaited summer migrants. The first Manx Shearwater was recorded on the 19th (a rather late date). The first Puffins were recorded on the 17th and there were well over 2,000 present by the 23rd. Winter visitors came in the form of a 1st winter Glaucous Gull on the 14th and 18th and a 1st winter Iceland Gull in the North Pond roost on the 29th. There was also a good count of (18) Purple Sandpipers on the Neck on the 29th, as well as a Jack Snipe on the 6th (with two on 24th)and Woodcock on the 10th, 11th and 19th.
Winter raptors like Hen Harrier and Merlin were recorded in March, April and May and there were several Red Kite and Marsh Harrier records throughout the spring. Summer migrants started arriving from the 10th of March with the first Sand Martin heading west and the first Wheatear of the year the next day. The first Willow Warbler was seen in the willows at Moorey Mere on the 27th of March and the first Swallows (five) were seen on the 4th of April.
Scarcities in Spring include: Blue-headed Wagtail on the 14th of April; Mute Swan on the 23rd of April; Turtle Dove on the 9th and 10th of May; European White-fronted Goose on the 12th of May; Balearic Shearwater on the 18th of May; a Great Northern Diver in full summer plumage on the 24th of May and an Arctic Tern and a flock of 16 Common Crossbills on the 11th of June. True island rarities came in the form of a juvenile Great Egret (1st for Skomer) on the 15th of May and a Black Stork (3rd for Skomer) on the 25th of the same month. A Greenish Warbler on the 12th of June was the 5th island record.
However spring 2015 will be remembered by some for a handful of really good days. The first came on the 9th of April when two Hoopoe were seen in Abyssinia. Present the same day were two Wrynecks, six Pied Flycatchers, a male Common Redstart, a Ring Ouzel and a Brambling. The second came on the 11th of May and is fully described in Leighton’s ‘classic day’ article (See ‘A Classic Spring Fall’ below). Another memorable day (the 7th of June) involved a large movement of immature Red Kites (at least 38) and a male Black-headed Bunting (also present on the 8th). The last really good day of spring was the 13th of June with Common Rosefinch, Wryneck and two Cuckoos.
Autumn
Autumn migration kicked off in July with the first returning Willow Warbler on the 20th and another Greenish Warbler in the Ivy at North Haven on the 23rd. There was a bit of mid-summer excitement on the 11th of August when two Wood Sandpipers landed briefly on North Pond. Spotted and Pied Flycatchers were also recorded on several dates in August.
The only really good day of seabird passage was on the 15th of September in light north westerlies when two Balearic Shearwaters, a dark morph Arctic Skua and a juvenile Long-tailed Skua passed in company with at least 620 Kittiwakes.
Although there was a lack of any true ‘megas’ in autumn 2016 it was an exceptional season for scarce birds like Goshawk, Yellow-browed Warbler and Firecrest and ‘island megas’ like Coal and Long-tailed Tits. The first Goshawk sighting involved a juvenile female on the 6th of September that, incredibly, was trapped and ringed in North Valley on the 9th of September and was still present on the 10th. A juvenile male Goshawk was then seen on the Neck on the 24th and 29th of September. A juvenile Spotted Crake was found early on the morning of the 10th of September and was seen again on the 11th. The first Yellow-browed Warbler turned up on the very early date of the 16th of September and the season ended with an incredible total of eleven records (six in September and five in October (seven more than in 2014 and the highest total ever)). The first Firecrest turned up at Moorey Mere on the 25th of July and a moulting adult turned up in the same location on the 17th of August. The latter bird stayed and moulted right through September. There were three on the 30th of September (and on the 15th of October) and four on the 14th of October. The tit invasion began in mid-September with 13 Blue Tits on the 19th and the first Coal Tit and Great Tit on the 25th. The number of Coal Tits increased to 19 (possibly more) on the 1st of October. Blue Tit numbers peaked at 24 on the 13th of October and Great Tits at eleven on the same day. Seven Long-tailed Tits (accompanied by a Goldcrest!) flew across the Isthmus on the 13th of October and there were eleven in North Valley the next day.
A Barnacle Goose and three Great Northern Divers flew over the island on the 19th of October. There were single Red Kites on eleven dates in October but sightings involved multiple individuals as both adults and juveniles were recorded. The first Hen Harrier of the autumn was recorded on the 15th of October and an adult female was joined by a juvenile on the 18th, 20th and 22nd with the juvenile remaining until the end of the month. The final Goshawk of the year was a juvenile male seen being heavily mobbed by Carrion Crows in North Valley on the 18th of October. Two Kingfishers were seen in North Haven on the 21st and 27th of October and at least one was present until the 8th of November. Other October highlights include a Red-breasted Flycatcher found in South Stream on the 3rd, a male Snow Bunting at Pigstone Bay on the 7th with a female at the Wick a day later and a Cetti’s Warbler which was seen and heard at North Pond on the 8th and 9th. A 1st winter Dartford Warbler on the 9th was followed by a male in North Haven on the 19th. These, surprisingly, represent only the 3rd and 4th records for Skomer after what was a 1st for Pembrokeshire on the 14th of September 1971. A Woodlark flew over Moorey Mere on the 11th and a juvenile Common Rosefinch was found at North Valley Crossing on the 14th. An incredible 15 Short-eared Owls were recorded from the Farm House at dusk on the 18th and there were ten on the 31st.
November was a slow month for migration. However, there were up to three Black Redstarts at the start of the month, a flock of 21 Long-tailed Tits in North Valley on the 1st and a Little Egret on the 5th marked the end of what were another great set of migration periods on the island.
A Classic Spring Fall Leighton Newman
I woke up around 5am on the 11th of May buzzing with anticipation to try to find the possible Golden Oriole that had been reported the night before, at Bird Log. An overnight guest had reported a green, yellow and black bird about the size of a blackbird fly past North Pond hide just before sunset, what else could it be? That day had been characterised by warm southerly winds up to a force 5, surely the perfect conditions for an overshoot migrant.
I headed north just as the sun was breaking the horizon and made my way down to North Valley Willows, surely a great place for a roosting migrant. Lowe and behold as I approached, a Golden Oriole flew from the West end of the willows and made a bee line for the elders at North Pond hide. As I tracked it flying across the valley floor it was joined by another oriole, both of which then disappeared out of sight. At this point I texted everyone on the island, having hoped to be informing them of one Golden Oriole, I was texting to say there were two!
It wasn’t long before island staff and researchers started turning up, and they helped relocate the orioles near the North Pond Public Hide. We then watched them for a short while and followed them back into North Valley where they seemed to like the willows. Amazingly, as we were watching the two in the willows, two more flew behind us, taking the total up to an almost unbelievable four!
Spurred on by the orioles we then headed towards North Valley Willows to see what else we could find, but before we got very far we flushed a Quail out of the bracken, a rare bird on Skomer, only the 16th Island record.
Further highlights that day included a Cuckoo and Lesser Whitethroat in North Valley, two Tree Pipits overhead and a Nightingale singing for the briefest of moments in the North Valley Outfall Willows. The Nightingale was never seen or heard again but the Golden Orioles stayed albeit dwindling in numbers until the final one was seen on 13th May.
This was just one of many birding highlights of my first year on Skomer, and remains my most memorable days birding to date.
Golden Oriole, 2015. All J. Moss ©
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF BIRDS Jason Moss
Nomenclature - The species order for this systematic list is taken from ‘The British List’ published by the BOU in Jan 2014.
Status categories Vagrant – one to 10 records Rare – 11 to 40 records Scarce – one to five records per year Uncommon – six to 50 records per year Fairly common – 51 to 250 records per year Common – 251 to 1000 records per year Abundant – 1001 to 2500 records per year Very abundant – more than 2500 records per year
Breeding categories Very rare breeder – one to ten breeding records Rare breeder – eleven to 40 breeding records Scarce breeder – one to five breeding records per year Uncommon breeder – six to 50 breeding records per year Fairly common breeder – 51 to 250 breeding records per year Common breeder – 251 to 1000 breeding records per year Abundant breeder – 1001 to 2500 breeding records per year Very abundant breeder – more than 2500 breeding records per year
Abbreviations AOS – Apparently Occupied Site AON – Apparently Occupied Nest AOT – Apparently Occupied Territory IND – Individual BBRC – British Birds Rarities Committee WRP – Welsh Records Panel * - indicates records requiring assessment by the relevant records committee
Mute Swan Cygnus olor Vagrant. Six previous records involving 10 birds. Last noted 2014
Two records this year, with one seen flying over on the morning of the 23rd April, followed by a juvenile later in the year, seen flying across St Brides Bay on 2nd October. These represent the 7th and 8th Skomer records.
White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons Rare. Twenty previous records, involving at least 146 individuals. Of those identified to race, all have been Greenland White-fronted Geese A. a. flavirostris. Last recorded 2010
An adult of the European race A. a. albifrons arrived on 9th May and lingered by North Pond until 12th, loosely associated with Canada Geese (JWM). The possibility of the bird being an escape was a real one, but the bird bore no rings and flew keenly to the mainland when disturbed. This is the first confirmed record of the European race on Skomer, and only the 21st record overall of White-fronted Goose on the island.
European White-fronted Goose, North Pond, 2015. J. Moss ©
Canada Goose Branta canadensis Uncommon breeder
Birds were present on the island from the warden’s arrival on 5th March, with many birds already paired up. 29 pairs bred this year, this being an increase on the 21 pairs recorded in 2014, as well as an increase on the 28 from 2013. The first eggs were discovered at North Pond on 24th March, though egg-laying didn't really peak until April. First chicks were found on 1st May. Only two chicks were confirmed to have fledged from the island.
Numbers of birds on the island dropped dramatically through August, as birds departed to moult. However numbers began increasing again in September once moult was completed and birds began commuting to and from the mainland. Counts exceeding 100 were recorded on nine occasions through September and October. November saw numbers dwindling to presumably wintering levels, with sightings being made right up until the warden’s departure.
Month Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Max count 26 22 58 49 47 35 152 120 63 Fig. 1 Maximum monthly counts of Canada Goose
Canada Goose, 2015. J. Moss ©
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis Rare, nineteen previous records. Last recorded 2011
One flew over North Haven on the morning of the 19th October (JWM, EMS). This represents only the 20th record for the island.
Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna Scarce breeder (maximum two pairs). First bred 1969. Scarce migrant
The first pair arrived on North Pond on 10th March, increasing to six by 25th. Nine were noted on 17th May (highest count of year). Two pairs bred this year, though one was only discovered by the appearance of a brood of ducklings on Moorey Mere, as is often the case. A nest was found at Bull Hole on 12th May (not an annual event for this secretive breeding species, due to the wealth of burrows for them to nest in) and was noted to contain eight eggs on 18th. The first chicks were seen at Bull Hole on 4th June, but these were not seen again. A further brood of seven chicks was found on 5th June at Moorey Mere, dwindling to four by the afternoon, and only one the following day. There were no further sightings of chicks following this; a typical story for most wildfowl on Skomer. The last sighting of the season was of two on 13th June, shortly after breeding had finished.
Common Shelduck, 2015. J. Moss ©
Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope Uncommon migrant
With no spring sightings, the first arrival wasn't until 6th August, when one appeared on North Pond. Following this a male arrived in the same place on 13th September. October faired only slightly better, with one on 14th and a flock of six on 30th, this being the last sighting of a particularly poor year.
Eurasian Teal Anas crecca Rare and sporadic breeder (maximum two pairs). First bred 1968. Fairly common, sometimes common migrant.
No breeding evidence was noted this year, with the last spring sighting concerning a single bird on 19th May. We then had to wait until 11th August for the next occurrence; a single bird, followed by two on 15th. The first double figure count of the autumn came on 26th August, when 13 arrived, including eight males. Sightings still remained sporadic following this, with only small numbers through September, involving only one double- figure count of eleven during the month. October saw a more settled flock populating North Pond and Moorey Mere, with many days involving counts of more than ten, and a year’s peak of 50 on 30th. November provided a similar story, with up to 45 birds present. Numbers remained pretty static through until the wardens departure.
Month Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Max count 23 18 5 0 0 13 11 50 45 Fig. 2 Maximum monthly counts of Teal
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Uncommon breeder (maximum 18 pairs 1978 and 2000). Fairly common migrant
Present throughout the season, with peaks in the autumn. Three pairs were known to have bred. The first ducklings were found on 22nd May, with eleven on North Pond. Maximum spring count of eleven on 23rd April. Very quiet during mid-summer, with few sightings. First significant count was of eight on 30th August; the harbingers of autumn passage. September saw almost daily sightings, with a peak during the month of 22 on 16th. October saw numbers exceed 40 on several dates, with a peak of 71 birds on 7th (highest count of the year), mostly on North Pond. Sightings were daily in November, though totals only exceeded 30 on three occasions, peaking with 60 on 1st.
Pintail Anas acuta Rare breeder (first bred 1988 – first Welsh record). Last bred 2002. Scarce to uncommon migrant. Less than annual in recent years
A poor year, with four on 15th May the only sighting.
Shoveler Anas clypeata Scarce breeder (maximum six pairs). Uncommon migrant
The first pair arrived on North Pond on 7th, with only sporadic sightings between then and the months end. Sightings became more frequent during April and May as pairs set up territories, with numbers peaking at seven and nine on several occasions. Two pairs were believed to have bred on the island this year, in the North and South valleys. A brood of seven ducklings were seen on 2nd June, swimming past Rye Rocks with a female. Unfortunately most of these ducklings were seen to be eaten by Herring Gulls, and were unlikely to have made it to the mainland. One duckling however was found abandoned on the jetty, and was reared to fledging by the wardens.
Sightings of adults were very infrequent and sporadic through the summer, becoming more frequent later on. The first 'autumn' arrivals concerned two males on 31st August, with sightings remaining fairly sporadic and concerning small numbers until mid-September, when sightings became daily, remaining as such through to the seasons end. Peak autumn counts involved 21 on 7th and 19 on 29th October.
Shoveler, North Pond, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Common migrant
First record was of one in St Brides Bay on 6th March, with six seen there on 12th March. In common with March, there were two sightings in April; six in Jack Sound on 9th and 31 on 17th. May produced just one sighting of six off Skomer Head on 25th, while June saw birds sighted on four dates, with 20 on 4th, 15 on 23rd, at least 20 on 23rd and 35 on 24th. July produced sightings on six dates, with peaks of 81 on 3rd (highest count of the year), 40 on 12th and 72 on 31st. Four sightings were made in August, with 21 on 1st, 17 on 2nd, 15 on 3rd and 46 on 6th, with a gap in sightings until 12th September, when seven were seen. Further September sightings included one on 16th and 22nd past the Garland Stone, 15 on 25th and ten on 30th. Two sightings during October consisted of nine on 6th and one past Skomer Head on 7th, while November produced the last sighting of the year of one on 13th.
Quail Coturnix coturnix Rare migrant. Fifteen previous records involving 17 birds. Last recorded August 2014
This cryptic species has been recorded for the second consecutive year, with an individual flushed on several occasions from the long vegetation surrounding North Valley Crossing on 11th May (OP et. al); a day which went on to produce an impressive list of southern European overshooting species. This represents the 16th record of the species on Skomer.
Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus Uncommon breeding resident. Released for shooting during 19th century with population surviving today
Present throughout the season, with a conservative estimate of eight pairs believed to have bred. First eggs were found near the Garland Stone on 31st May, with first chicks on 10th June and first weakly flying young on 28th June. Whilst no effective breeding census was conducted, the species appears to have had a reasonably successful year.
Peak counts during the season included 15 on 5th March, 16 on 9th April, twelve on 30th September, 17 on 6th October and 19 on 15th November; this being the highest count of the year.
Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata Scarce visitor, though uncommon in some years. Most sightings during early and late season. Probably more frequent during the winter
A fairly average year, with the bulk of sightings occurring in March. First record was of four from Skomer Head on 13th March, followed by a single on the following day in St Brides Bay. The next sighting wasn't until October, when one was seen from Skomer Head on 7th. This was the final sighting of the year.
Great Northern Diver Gavia immer Scarce migrant, though uncommon in some years. Most sightings during early and late season
One past North Haven on 12th March got the season started for this powerhouse of a diver. The island was then treated to a stunning summer plumaged fly-over in May, cruising over the Neck on the morning of 24th. October produced one sighting involving three birds on 19th, these proving to be the last of the year.
Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Common breeder. First confirmed breeding 1960
Present from the beginning of the season until the wardens departure. A total of 584 AOS were recorded this season, this being 5.04% up on 2014. Breeding productivity was 0.35 large chicks per breeding pair; this being the same as the overall mean for the last 6 years. The first instance of mating was noted on 3rd April, while the first egg was discovered on 23rd May, followed by the first chick on 9th July and first fledglings on 25th August.
Numbers were noted to be dropping significantly on 5th September, with none left on the cliffs on 11th and very few offshore. Small numbers were noted to return to the island by the end of October and through November, with a significant proportion of the island population returning to the cliffs by the time of the wardens departure.
800
700 Whole Island Count (mean) 600 Study Plot Count 500
400
No of AOS ofNo 300
200
100
0
1963 1985 1987 2009 2011 1959 1961 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2013 2015
Fig. 3 Fulmar population data 1960 – 2015
Fulmar, 2015. J. Moss ©
Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus Very abundant breeder, largest colony in the world. Current population estimate 316,070 pairs.
First record of the year was of one heard in North Haven at 22:00 on 19th March, with sightings and activity being daily from here to the start of October, when sightings became more sporadic until the last record of the year on 4th November.
The 2015 study plot census showed that the Manx Shearwater population remains healthy. The number of playback responses within the study plots (our index of population size) came to 1127, this being slightly down on the 2014 total.
Manx Shearwater, 2015. E. Miquel Riera ©
Manx Shearwater, 2015. L. Newman ©
Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus Rare visitor, though in recent years has become a scarce to uncommon migrant. Twenty-six previous records, involving 37 individuals. Most recently 2014, when four were noted
The only record this year involved two birds flying west past the Garland Stone on 15th September, noted during a seawatch in light north-westerly winds (LN, JWM). These represent the 27th record and 39th individuals for the island of this critically endangered species.
European Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus Fairly common breeder
The first record of this nocturnal island breeder came on the relatively late data of 21st May, when three birds were noted flying around the North Haven colony after dark. Daylight sightings were made on 22nd (though, being 20km south-west of Skomer, well out of the Skomer recording area) and 23rd May in Jack Sound. Birds were noted as present on 25th May, with further efforts to see birds after dark at the colonies producing sightings of four on 2nd and 12th June. Further at-sea records concerned one several miles south-west of the island and two 15 miles south-west of the island.
As part of the ongoing adult survival project, six visits were made to the colony at Toms House, during which 83 birds were caught, involving 31 new and 51 retraps from previous years. In addition to this, efforts were made to produce a population estimate of the small breeding colony at North Haven using play-back surveys. Two visits were made, producing a minimum population estimate of 17 active sites, and a maximum of 20 active sites. A speculative search was conducted at Skomer Head this year, and produced a minimum total of seven active sights. Storm Petrels have never been recorded as breeding at this site before, but it is most likely that they have been overlooked, rather than being a newly established colony.
European Storm Petrel, 2015. J. Moss ©
Northern Gannet Morus bassanus Very abundant visitor, and abundant breeder on nearby Grassholm
Present throughout the season, with peak counts including 80 on 10th April, 120 on 22nd and 160 on 31st July, 130 on 31st August, 130 on 10th, 100 off the Garland Stone on 22nd September and 105 on 7th October. Small numbers were noted thereafter through to the end of the season. The first record of juveniles offshore concerned one visitor report on 12th July, with further reports on 18th of that month. One interesting record concerned a bird which came onto land at High Cliff on 1st July.
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Uncommon breeder. Fairly common migrant
Present in breeding plumage on the first day of the season, with small numbers continuing to be seen throughout the summer. A total of seven AONs were recorded on the back of the Mew Stone (up one from six last year), resulting in eight chicks reaching a ‘large’ size, giving a productivity figure of 1.14 chicks per pair. Nest building was first noted at the Mew Stone on 22nd March, with the first chicks noted on 18th June. An unusual record concerned two birds seen on North Pond on 19th May.
Peak counts involved twelve on 7th June, 16 on 29th and 17 on 30th August. Sightings became more sporadic from September onwards, with the last record involving one on 18th November.
30
25
20
15 No. of AONs of No. 10
5
0
1961 1975 2001 2015 1959 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
Fig. 4 Cormorant population data 1960-2015
Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis Uncommon breeder, with majority breeding on nearby Middleholm
Present throughout the season. The first nest was discovered on the Garland Stone on the 6th March; a distinctly early date, but not unprecedented. Birds were noted incubating in several locations on 6th April, with the first chicks noted at the Garland Stone on 12th May and the first fledgling on 23rd June.
The majority of the breeding population was again focussed on Middleholm, with a single visit on 20th June revealing a total of 24 nests containing 46 chicks (five small chicks, 32 ringed, four ready to fledge and five not reachable) giving a minimum likely productivity of 1.92 chicks per AON; a good breeding season. The small breeding population at Double Cliff and the Garland Stone consisted of a minimum of four AONs, fledging a minimum of five young. This gives a productivity figure for this population of 1.25 chicks per AON.
25
20
15
No. of AONs of No. 10
5
0
1967 1969 1993 1995 1961 1963 1965 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 1959 Fig. 5 Shag population data 1960-2014
Little Egret Egretta garzetta Rare visitor. Seventeen previous records, involving 20 individuals. First recorded 1996. Most recent record November 2014
The first record of the year was of one bird noted on 23rd March; the earliest Skomer record (EMS). Another bird was seen off Skomer Head by a visitor on 19th July, while August also produced a record on the 7th. The final record came in November, with a single bird seen on the 5th (EMS). Four records in one year is probably a record total for the island of this now frequent UK species.
Great White Egret Egretta alba Vagrant
An immature bird was noted flying over the island on the morning of 15th May (EMS), initially heading south, before turning and flying north-east across St Brides Bay. This is the first record of this species for Skomer.
Great White Egret, 2015. E. Stubbings ©
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Fairly common migrant
First record of the year was of one on 20th March, followed by further singles on 6th and 24th April. The next records came in June, with one on 4th, two on 11th in North Haven, two on 25th and one on 30th. Further singles were noted on 9th and 24th July, while the 31st saw three more arrive; the beginning of a slightly more apparent autumn migration. Eight individuals were noted in August, including four on 11th, while September produced five records, including a peak of four on 11th. Singles were recorded on 1st and 11th October, while the last record of the year concerned a juvenile on 4th November.
*Black Stork Ciconia nigra Vagrant. Two previous records, April and July 1991 One of the highlights of 2015, noted by two observers as it flew north-west over the Garland Stone on the morning of 25th May (MW and TW). To the chagrin of all other birders on the island however, the bird succeeded in vanishing over a cliff edge, and was not seen again. This represents the third Skomer record. Accepted by the BBRC.
Black Stork, 2015. T. Wallen ©
Red Kite Milvus milvus Scarce migrant. First record 1995, annual since 2010
A remarkable year, though perhaps not surprising considering the modern upsurge in population of this successfully reintroduced bird of prey. The first record came on 10th March, with a bird cruising over North Pond. This was followed by a juvenile which lingered from 19th to 22nd. A further single was noted on 5th April over the farm, with another seen on 18th. The next records came in June, with two over the Mew Stone on 6th followed, the next day, by a remarkable 38 individuals which floated over North Haven from the mainland, before dispersing. A break in records then followed, with the next flurry of occurrence coming in September with two on 25th, singles on 26th and 27th, two on 28th, three on 29th and two on 30th. A juvenile arrived on 2nd October and lingered until 4th, while another single was present on 9th and 10th. Further singles occurred daily between 13th and 16th, involving an adult and juvenile, while further singles were present on 18th and 20th. These were the final records of the year.
Year 1995 2004 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Records 1 1 3 2 5 8 8 2 16 Fig. 6 Total records of Red Kite since 1995
Red Kite, 2015. J. Moss ©
Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus Scarce migrant
An exceptionally good year with six records. The first involved a female type which flew east over the central fields on 17th March before flying towards Skokholm. This was followed by a juvenile which arrived from Broad Sound, lingering for a short while before flying east. A further record came on 1st May, with a female type lingering briefly. The 25th July saw another Juvenile arrive, while August produced sightings of juveniles on 8th and another which lingered between 28th and 31st, this being the last record of the season.
Marsh Harrier, 2015. L. Newman ©
Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Uncommon migrant
The first record came on 15th March, involving a female-type which lingered until 17th. This was followed in April by another female-type on 5th, noted as it drifted west over the island. May also produced one record; another female-type on 20th. Between one and two birds were noted on all but two days between 15th October and the end of the month and, while we cannot be sure exactly how many birds were involved, they were certainly using the island as a roost site during this time. November continued to provide sightings, with a single juvenile bird seen between 3rd and 7th. Further birds were noted on seven days between 10th and 17th November, with two present on 12th. These late autumn birds had to deal with some atrocious weather in November with strong winds and rain on most days. However, 2015 turned out to be a good year for this species.
Hen Harrier, 2015. L. Newman ©
Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Vagrant. Two previous records, April 2010 and August 2014
This beast of a hawk surprised everyone by occurring again (2nd year in a row) on the island, though this year it wasn’t just a one-off. All records occurred in September, the first coming on 6th (BB). A juvenile female (probably the same bird) was seen in the North Valley on the morning of the 9th (OP et. al.) and was later caught (unexpectedly) during an evening ringing session in North Valley. The bird was later seen in North Valley on 10th. This was followed by another individual which was found on the Neck on 24th (EMS). A probable male, this was likely to be a different bird. Another bird was seen flying west over the Neck on 29th (EMS). Again, this was probably a male bird. These represent the 3rd, 4th and 5th records for Skomer and, with all records occurring within the last five years. The final Goshawk of the year was a juvenile male seen being heavily mobbed by Carrion Crows in North Valley on the 18th of October. This is perhaps a species we will continue to see more of.
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Uncommon migrant, though can be fairly common in some years
The first of the year was noted on 8th March at Bull Hole, with further sightings of singles on 11th, a female on 23rd and 24th, a juvenile male on 25th and 26th and a further single on 28th. April produced a similar scattering of sightings, all involving singles, with a female on 3rd, a single on 5th and 6th, juvenile male on 17th, female on 18th, male on 23rd and a male on 25th and 26th. May produced two records, both of females on 26th and 28th, while June saw rare records of singles on 5th, 7th, a female on 10th and another on 26th. Equally rare were further records in July of singles on 22nd, 26th and 29th. (These probably represent the first June and July records since 2004). August saw a more typical run of records, with birds noted on 15 days and two seen on 15th and 28th to 31st. September produced records on 23 days, with two birds on seven days and three on 7th, 9th and 28th. Birds were noted on all but three days in October, with two present on twelve days and three on 20th. Sightings were slightly less frequent in November, with singles noted on six dates, the last occurring on 16th.
Common Buzzard Buteo buteo Scarce breeder, though uncommon in some years (maximum eight pairs 1954). Fairly common migrant, particularly in the autumn
Present throughout the season, with five pairs breeding on the island; equal to the previous two years. A pair were already attending a nest at Pigstone Bay on 29th March, while displaying was noted on 5th April, and the first egg noted at Amy’s Reach on 26th April. The first chicks were noted in the nest near Waybench on 16th May and first fledglings were from this nest on 22nd June. Peak counts for the year include 18 on 5th and 24 on 25th September, 21 on 16th and 20 on 18th October.
Common Buzzard, 2015. E. Stubbings ©
Water Rail Rallus aquaticus Possibly breeds very sporadically in small numbers. Fairly common migrant
Present when the wardens arrived, presumably having wintered on the island, the first record was on 5th March in East Bog. Further sightings included a single at Moorey Mere on 8th, three birds on 10th with two the following day and another single on 12th, three on 16th, one on 17th, singles on 20th and 21st and another single on 24th. Birds remained through April, with sightings logged on eleven dates until 27th, including two on 6th. One on 10th May at Moorey Mere was the final spring record. The first autumn record came on 4th September, with a single noted at Moorey Mere. Sightings became more frequent as the month progressed, with sightings on a further 20 dates, including peaks of five on 21st and 30th and six on 25th and 29th. October was similarly busy with sightings on all but one date, including a peak of ten on 8th (the years highest count). November had sightings on most days, with the final one coming on 18th.
*Spotted Crake Porzana porzana Vagrant. Two previous records submitted, September 1946 and September 1971
One of the highlights of the year was the discovery of one of these skulking crakes on North Pond on 10th September (OP, JWM). The bird; a juvenile, was found in the company of two Water Rails, and would disappear amongst bankside vegetation for long periods of time. This represents the third confirmed record for Skomer, and the first occurrence on the island in 45 years.
Spotted Crake, North Pond, 2015. J. Moss ©
Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Uncommon breeder, though scarce in some years
Present throughout the season, with five pairs noted as breeding; up on the four pairs from the previous year. A bird carrying nesting material was noted on 11th April, while the first chicks were seen on 17th May.
Peak counts during the season include 22 on 15th August and 21 on 30th and 31st August, these figures likely being bolstered by successfully fledged young.
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra Very rare breeder. Three previous breeding records, between 1996 and 2000. Scarce migrant
A single record this year involved a short-staying juvenile found on North Pond on 23rd July. The bird was well fledged, and was likely to be a dispersing bird from the mainland, rather than a bird bred on the island.
Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus Fairly common breeder
Present all year, with 73 breeding territories mapped; an increase on the 66 of the previous year. Birds were first noted pairing up near North Pond on 2nd April, with mating noted from 19th April. The first nest scrape, containing three eggs, was located near the Harold Stone on 11th May, though this was clearly a late discovery, as chicks were noted soon after, near Moorey Mere on 17th May. The first large, fledgable chicks were noted on 2nd June.
Maximum spring roost counts included 87 on South Stream rocks on 18th March and 78 in the same location on 11th April; significantly lower totals than in recent years. Roost counts declined by the end of April as breeding pairs formed and birds took up breeding territories. Flocks began forming again in August, as the breeding population dispersed and separated. Maximum counts include 37 on 29th August, 40 on 22nd and 26th October and 41 on 29th October. Again, these counts are lower than those achieved in previous years.
European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Uncommon migrant
The first record this year concerned a summer plumaged bird which was seen flying east over the island on 19th April. This was followed by another summer plumaged bird, this time a female, at Skomer Head on 23rd May. July also produced a single record, on 11th. The first autumn sighting came on 12th August, with 15 seen flying over the central fields. A single was noted on 18th September, while October produced a pair on 13th and eight over the Neck on 27th, these being the final sightings of the year
Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Rare migrant. Twenty-four previous records, most recent records October 2005 and April 2014
There were three records of this rare visitor to Skomer, the first coming on 6th September, with another bird noted on 17th of the same month. The final record concerned a bird heard calling over the farm on 3rd October. These represent the 25th-27th records for the island, and the second consecutive year with records.
Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Uncommon migrant. Bred annually on the island until 2000
The first and only spring record this year came on 9th April, with two birds found on the deck at West Pond. The next sighting didn’t come until October, with two birds seen on 19th, three on 20th, two birds on 26th and a flock of 39 over the Neck on 27th, this being the largest flock recorded on the island since 2009, when 55 were noted in November. The last record concerned a single bird noted on 1st November.
Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula Uncommon migrant, though scarce in some years
The first record occurred on 16th April, with one bird seen on West Park. This was followed by a flock of twelve off Skomer Head on 25th May, this being the third highest count ever recorded on Skomer, following counts of 25 on 19th August 1997 and 15 on 15th May 1999. The first autumn sighting concerned a single on 13th August, followed by another single overhead on the morning of 18th August. September produced another single on 7th, this being the final record of the year.
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Common spring and autumn migrant. Rare in winter
The first sighting of the year was of a single on 13th April. This was followed by frequent sightings throughout April and May, with peak counts of 16 on 27th April and 1st May and 20 through Broad Sound on 29th April. Numbers dwindled as the summer progressed, with June producing sightings of two birds on 2nd and 6th. July saw sighting logged of singles on 18th and 19th, 26th, two on 29th and a final single on 31st. These were likely to be failed breeders, returning from their northern breeding grounds. August produced sightings on nine dates, with sighting frequency increasing towards the end of the month, peaking at four on 30th. Only three records were logged during September, though these included the joint highest count of the year with 20 on the Neck on 2nd, followed by singles on 6th and 15th, these being the final records of the year.
Whimbrel, 2015. J. Moss ©
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata Scarce breeder. Common migrant
Present throughout the season, with three pairs known to have bred; the same figure as from the last two years. The first chicks were seen on 22nd May at Gorse Hill and Bull Hole, with the first and only known fledgling of the year being seen near the Farm on 9th July.
Peak spring counts included 25 on 8th and 10th March and 37 on 20th March. Autumn passage appeared to commence in July, with small flocks appearing on the island from the start of the month. Peak autumn counts included 28 on 9th and 34 on 19th July and 25 on 7th September.
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Scarce migrant
There was one record this year concerning a stunning summer plumaged bird discovered on North Pond on 1st May, where it lingered until the following day.
Black-tailed Godwit, North Pond, 2015. J. Moss ©
Turnstone Arenaria interpres Common migrant
Present from the beginning of the season, with four noted in North Haven on 5th March. The vast majority of sightings were, as usual, focussed on North Haven, with peak spring counts of 13 on 23rd and 15 on 31st March and 15 on 18th April. Sighting frequency dropped off significantly as the summer progressed, with sightings on only three days in May, one sighting of two birds on 15th June and sightings on three dates in July. Sighting frequency increased in the second half of August with daily sightings from 21st, and following this sightings remained near daily through to the end of the season. Peak counts included 20 on 20th, 24 on 25th September (year’s peak count), 20 on 7th and 21 on 22nd October.
Knot Calidris canutus Rare migrant. Eighteen previous records
An exceptional record this year concerned a flock of ten birds which flew over North Valley on 30th August. This is the largest flock ever recorded on Skomer, following seven seen flying past the Garland Stone in August 2007. This is also the second consecutive year that this, usually less than annual, species has been recorded.
Ruff Philomachus pugnax Scarce migrant. Absent in some years
Several records this year, with a female discovered on Moorey Mere on 10th May being the first and only spring record. In the autumn a bird was noted flying over the farm on 9th August. Following this a single bird was noted on 13th with two birds on North Pond on 15th, one of which remained until the following day. Potentially the same two birds were present again in the same place on 17th, again with a single remaining the following day. The final record of a good year came on 6th September, with a lone bird arriving for a single day on North Pond.
Ruff, Moorey Mere, 2015. L. Newman ©
Dunlin Calidris alpina Uncommon migrant
The first record was on the early date of 20th March, flying over Captain Kites. This was followed in April by two birds on 26th. May produced two records, with a summer plumaged bird on Moorey Mere on 10th followed by a single on 14th. A single record in June concerned a bird seen at Roberts Wick, while July produced three birds on 14th, one on 15th and two on 20th. Two records in August involved a single bird on North Pond on 12th followed by two there the following day, while September also produced two records; one on 1st and two on 6th. Finally, October provided the last records of the year, with a lone bird on Moorey Mere on 17th and 18th.
Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima Uncommon spring and autumn visitor. Scarce in some years
Noted in March in the usual high tide roost location at South Castle, with 18 birds there on 29th and three on 31st. These proved to be the only sightings of the spring, and almost the year, except for a lone bird noted on 13th November.
Purple Sandpiper, South Castle, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Uncommon migrant
The first record of this summer visitor came on 14th April, with further April records including one on North Pond on 19th, three on 21st two on North Pond on 22nd and two in South Stream on 24th. Following a gap in May, June produced two birds on 30th, while July saw a single bird arrive on 3rd. August saw sightings become slightly more frequent, with one on 4th, a single in North Haven on 7th, another single there on 23rd, two on 28th and three on 31st. September saw a similar spread of sightings, with a single on 1st, one on 6th and 9th, two on 10th and further singles on 19th, 22nd and 24th. The final sighting of the year came in October, with a bird seen at the Wick on 11th.
Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Scarce migrant
Eight records this year, involving up to ten birds. The first came on 19th April, with one over the main track in the morning. This was followed by another on 21st. July produced two records, with three noted on 20th and one at the farm on 25th. September also produced two records, with one on 1st and one on Green Pond on 11th. The final records of the year came in October, with singles on Moorey Mere on 3rd and 5th, these concluding a decent season for this normally scarce species.
Green Sandpiper, Moorey Mere, 2015. L. Newman ©
Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Rare migrant. Thirty-seven previous records, most recently July 2014.
Another year featuring this species, with August 11th producing a pair of birds which dropped onto North Pond in the evening, before flying off calling (EMS et. al.). This represents the 38th record for the island, and the third consecutive year with records.
Common Redshank Tringa totanus Scarce migrant, though uncommon in some years
The first record came on the unusually early date of 24th March, this being the only spring record. August produced two records, with one calling over North Valley on 15th followed by one on North Pond on 23rd. One was recorded on North Pond on 9th September, this being the last record of 2015.
Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus Scarce migrant
Spring sightings concentrated in March, with the first seen at South Pond on 6th, followed by individuals at North and South Ponds on 24th. The autumn produced two records, with a showy bird seen on North Pond on 21st October and another lone bird noted on 11th November.
Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Uncommon spring and autumn migrant, scarce in some years
March produced the only spring records, with presumably the same bird seen in North Valley on 10th and 11th, plus another seen there on 19th. As usual a small number of sightings came in the late autumn, with one seen on 30th and 31st October followed by two birds on 1st November, and a recently dead bird noted on the same day on the Neck.
Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago Common migrant
Birds were present at the start of the season, on 5th March, likely having overwintered, with five seen. This was followed by 16 further records, typically involving between one and four individuals, with the exception of twelve at South Pond on 6th and 14 (the years highest count) between North and South Ponds on 24th. April produced ten records, with sighting frequency much reduced during the latter part of the month. Again sightings typically concerned small numbers, with the exception of eight at South Pond on 1st, seven on 13th and eight on 15th, these being the final spring records. The first autumn returnees came on 29th August, with two noted on North Pond. These were followed by one on 31st, while September produced seven on 8th, five on 10th, one on 11th and two on 23rd and 27th. October produced records on 26 dates, with peaks of eight on 11th, nine on 19th and eleven on 28th. November then produced eight records, with a peak of eleven on 3rd, and birds noted until the final day of the season.
Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus Scarce migrant, though uncommon in some years. Sighting frequency heavily affected by observer coverage and effort
The first record this year involved a dark-phase bird seen flying west and harassing Kittiwakes during a one hour seawatch at the Garland Stone on 15th September. This was followed by one more record of a dark-phase bird on 22nd.
Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus Vagrant. Seven previous records, most recently October 2014
Recorded for the second consecutive year, a juvenile bird was watched dip-feeding amongst Kittiwakes off the Garland Stone on 15th September (JWM, LN); seen during a one hour seawatch. This represents the 8th record for Skomer.
Great Skua Stercorarius skua Scarce migrant
The first record of the year came on a very windy 5th May, with one seen flying close to the cliff at the Wick. The only other record this year was of a bird noted during a Manx Shearwater displacement experiment, c. 20 miles south-west of Skomer. This is obviously well beyond the Skomer Island recording area, but is included here due to the unlikelihood of it being recorded elsewhere.
Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica Very abundant breeder
First recorded on 17th March, with 46 counted off North Haven followed by 430 offshore on 19th and 2,250 in South Haven on 23rd March, including the first birds to come onto land. The maximum whole island population count achieved this year was 21,349, made on 15th April. This is the highest total since current records began in 1988, an increase of 17.06% on the previous year and 69.75% higher than five years ago. Productivity this year came to 0.66 chicks fledged per burrow, this being 13% higher than that of 2014. The first egg was found on 9th May, though back-dating from the first fish-carrying bird suggests a laying date around 19th to 21st April. Pufflings were seen out of burrows on 5th July, with a fully-fledged bird seen offshore on 14th July. A bird was still feeding young in a burrow near North Haven on 25th August; a very late date. This was also the last sighting of the year.
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1994 2002 2010 2011 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2012 2013 2014 2015 1988 Fig. 7 Puffin population data 1988-2015
Puffin, Wick, 2015. J. Moss ©
Razorbill Alca torda Very abundant breeder
Present on the wardens arrival to the island, with high cliff attendance from the outset. Numbers fluctuated during the early season as birds came and went, until birds began laying eggs in earnest. Mating was first noted on 16th March, followed by the first egg on 25th April (predated by a Herring Gull soon after discovery), first chick on 31st May and first jumpling on 18th June. Two whole island counts were carried out in June 2015 producing a mean of 7,489 IND. The range was 7,165-7,812. This is a 14.49% increase on the previous year and a 46.33% increase over a five year period. The mean productivity per active and regular site was 0.37 (0.39 per active site only), an increase when compared to last year’s results but similar to results in 2013.
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1967 1963 1965 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Fig. 8 Razorbill population data 1962-2015
Razorbill, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Guillemot Uria aalge Very abundant breeder
Present from the outset and, in common with the razorbills, numbers fluctuated on the cliffs until birds began laying eggs and became more settled. The first egg was found on 30th April, first chick on 3rd June and first jumpling on 23rd June. The whole island population counts revealed a mean of 23,746 IND, representing an increase of 1.08% on the previous year and an increase of 9.49% since 2011. 2015 shows a mean productivity of 0.76 fledged birds per active and regularly occupied site, which is the highest figure since the late nineties, and is higher than the overall mean (1989-2015) of 0.68. However, it is important to take into account that the 2015 productivity figure is the product of only one plot, while in previous years this was the average of different plots from different sites around the island, potentially with ecological differences.
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Fig. 9 Common Guillemot population data 1962-2015
Guillemot, North Haven, 2015. J. Moss ©
Sandwich Tern Starna sandvicensis Scarce migrant, though uncommon in some years
A group of seven were noted on 10th April, while a further two were seen on 26th May, these being the only records, unusually with none seen in the autumn.
Common Tern Sterna hirundo Scarce migrant. Possibly under-recorded, with many records of 'commic' tern in the logs likely to have mostly involved this species
While not strictly within Skomer waters, three adult Common Terns were seen during a boat trip to Grassholm on 14th July.
Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea Scarce migrant. Possibly under-recorded due to confusion with Common Tern. Records of 'commic' tern may have referred to this species
One was seen flying over North Valley Rise on the morning of 11th June. This is the first confirmed record of this species since August 2009, though two ‘commic’ terns noted in 2012 may have included this species.
Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Abundant breeder
Present on the wardens arrival. A total of 1,546 AON were counted this year, 3.90% up on last year, though this still represents a drop of 20.74% over a five year period and is 13% below the ten year mean of 1,777. The overall mean productivity was 0.76 large chicks per pair. This is the highest productivity since a bumper year in 2006. First noted collecting nesting material from Moorey Mere on 4th May, with first eggs on 19th May at High Cliff, first chicks on 20th June and first fledglings at Welsh Way on 24th July.
Numbers on the cliffs had reduced significantly by the end of August, with flocks forming offshore during the latter part of the year. High counts during this period include 620 west off the Garland Stone on 15th and 160 on 22nd September and 73 on 7th October. Sightings became sporadic through October and November, with the last record coming on 19th November.
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1971 1985 1999 2013 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2015 1959 Fig. 10 Kittiwake population data 1960-2015
Kittiwake, Wick, 2015. J. Moss ©
Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Bred at North Pond between 1965 and 1970, maximum 25 pairs. Abundant migrant, particularly in the autumn
The first record of the year came on 22nd March, when four were seen. This was followed by one on 6th and nine on 15th April. May produced a single record, involving five birds on 15th. June equally produced a single record, of one summer plumaged bird on 10th. July saw birds noted on five days, all involving singles except for three on 31st, while August produced four off North Haven on 9th and 37 on 14th. September saw a slightly larger number of birds, with five on 13th, 25 on 26th, five on 27th and four on 28th, while October continued this trend with sightings on 20 dates, mostly involving between one and five birds but with a peak of 20 on 24th. The season finished with sightings on eight November dates, including the years highest count of 62 on 12th.
Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus Uncommon visitor. This species has undergone a remarkable change in status, being considered a vagrant on the island (less than 10 records) as recently as 2007
A quieter year, following last season’s record crop of sightings. The first sighting didn’t come until 14th July, with a juvenile bird noted near Grassholm, followed by a 1st summer bird seen close to the island on 16th. August similarly produced two records; one on 15th and two on 17th, while September continued the trend with three (an adult and two juveniles) on 26th and a juvenile bird on 28th. October saw a peak in sighting frequency, with a year’s highest count of 13 in Jack Sound on 1st followed by a second year bird on 6th, another on 11th and three on 24th, these being the last birds of the year.
Common Gull Larus canus Uncommon visitor
The first record involved a 1st winter bird off Skomer Head on 11th March followed by an adult at the North Pond roost on 16th and 20th. The next spring record didn’t come until an adult was seen off Bull Hole on 20th May, this being the final spring record. The first of the autumn didn’t appear until October, when two birds were noted on 21st, followed by one on 24th, this being the last record of a typically quiet year.
Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Very abundant breeder
Present on the wardens arrival on the island, with birds abundant and on territory from the start. Mating was seen on 9th April, with the first eggs found on 21st April, chicks on 25th May and fledglings on 5th July. The population estimate for 2015 was 7,630 breeding pairs, obtained through systematic counts of island sub- colonies in combination with whole island eye-counts and the application of a correction factor. This is 9.5% lower than 2014 and a 16.51% decline compared to the five year average 2009-2014 (fig. 11). The population remains at a historically low level in 2015, a 62.23% decrease since 1993 when the population was at its peak. Productivity was estimated to be 0.69, this being the best since 2010 and is 102.94% higher than the 20 year average (1995-2014) of 0.34. Numbers dropped through September, with sightings becoming sporadic in November and the last sighting being of one on 17th November.
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1983 1987 2009 2013 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1985 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2011 2015 1961 Fig. 11 Lesser Black-backed Gull population data 1960-2015
Herring Gull Larus argentatus Common breeder
Present throughout the season. Eggs were first found on the Neck on 29th April, chicks on 20th May and first fledglings on 5th July. A total of 377 AONs were counted in 2015. This represents a 14.32% decline on the previous year and a 19.76% decline over a five year period (fig. 12). Approximately 316 of the AONs counted in 2015 were coastal with the remainder (61) nesting inland. This means that 83% of Herring Gulls were coastal nesting in 2015. The average breeding success for all years monitored between 1962 and 2014 is 0.73 large chicks per AON. Productivity for 2015 was 0.69, this being slightly lower than the overall island average, but a marked improvement on the 2014 figure of 0.52. Some large flocks were noted during the autumn, especially in North Haven, with peaks of 294 on 19th and 100 on 26th September, 140 on 26th October and 265 on 16th November.
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1971 1985 2001 1963 1965 1967 1969 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 1961 Fig. 12 Herring Gull population data 1960-2015
Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides Vagrant. Nine previous records, most recently April 2014
This Arctic waif was recorded on the island for the second consecutive year, with a 1st winter bird found on North Pond on 29th March (JWM, LN), noted during a check of the evening gull roost. This represents the 10th island record.
Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus Rare migrant. Eleven previous records, most recently April 2014
Another Arctic gull enjoying a good spell on Skomer, this species was recorded for its second consecutive year on the island, with a 1st winter bird seen amongst the territorial Lesser Black-backed Gulls at Moorey Mere on 14th March (JWM, LN). This was followed by potentially the same bird on 18th March in East Bog (EMS). These represent the 12th and 13th island records.
Glaucous Gull, Moorey Mere, 2015. J. Moss ©
Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus Fairly common breeder.
Present throughout the season. The first eggs were found on 21st April, first chicks on 20th May and first fledglings on 4th July. A whole island total of 123 Great Black-back Gull nests were counted in 2015. This is 22% higher than the ten year mean (101 AON) and the highest figure since 1975 (fig. 13). Productivity this season was recorded as 1.64 chicks per AON, this being slightly lower than last year’s figure, but still the second highest productivity figure since records began in 1996.
Flocks began forming later in the autumn, with significant counts including 67 on the Spit on 31st August, 120 on the Mew Stone on 7th September and 136 on 7th October.
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Fig. 13 Great Black-backed Gull population data 1960-2015
Rock Dove/Feral Pigeon Columba livia Fairly common visitor
Noted sporadically throughout the season, the first record coming on 3rd April followed by further singles on 18th, 19th and 26th. May produced near daily sightings of between one and three (in part due to the Oxford University researchers adopting one as a pet and feeding it at the North Haven Lab), except for a large flock of 26 birds which flew over the Amos on 30th. June produced a similar spread of records, mostly involving one or two birds, but with higher counts of 34 on 7th and 19 on 15th. Sightings of between one and four birds occurred on 15 dates during the first half of July, with none after 18th. The next single bird followed on 11th August, with further sightings of 54 on 29th (the year’s highest count), 15 on 30th and two on 31st. Noted on five dates during September, though never more than two birds. With no records in October, the last sightings of the season involved one bird on 14th and 15th November.
Stock Dove Columba oenas Previously bred in moderate numbers (up to 50 territories in 1970s). Last breeding record 1988. Scarce migrant
One record this season, concerning a bird which arrived on 12th May, lingering only for the one day.
Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus Scarce breeder, though uncommon in some years. Common migrant, particularly in late autumn
Present throughout the season, with four territories mapped; equal to the previous year. First noted singing on 28th May, with the first fledgling seen on 19th August, though they probably appeared earlier than this. A nest containing a small chick was still present on 17th September, though this was eventually predated. One bird was seen to be taken by a Peregrine on 6th March.
Spring counts generally hovered between one and nine birds, this mostly consisting of the island breeding population though 13 on 7th May probably involved some migrant birds. September produced some slightly higher counts, potentially from a combination of fledged young and migrants, with 20 seen on 5th and 17 on 8th. No large movements occurred this autumn (only two counts higher than ten in October/November), with the last record involving two on 12th November.
Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Uncommon migrant
The first record came on 18th April, when a single bird appeared at the farm, with further singles on 26th and 27th (presumably same). May produced records on five dates, with two on 13th, while June saw singles on 7th, 24th and 25th. One was noted on 9th July, while August also produced one record of a single on 3rd. September produced a single on 20th, this being the last record of the year.
Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Scarce migrant
The years only record was of one that lingered around the Wardens House at North Haven between the 9th and 10th of May.
Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Rare and sporadic breeder. Last confirmed breeding record 1991 (possibly 2002). Scarce migrant
A good year for this normally scarce migrant, with possible, but unproven breeding. The first record came on 19th April with a single at North Valley Crossing followed by further singles on 28th and 29th (possibly same). May saw a bird noted at the farm on 5th, one on 11th, a male singing in North Valley on 14th, one there on 23rd and one on 27th. June produced four further records on 10th, 11th, two on 13th and one on 14th, these sightings potentially only involving two individuals. Ten records during July were intriguing, with sightings throughout the month including juveniles in North Valley on 17th, 25th, 29th and 30th. The last record of the year involved a juvenile on 2nd August. Though it seems quite possible that birds bred this year, the fact that a nest wasn’t found and that the young weren’t noted being fed by host parents means that we cannot be sure.
Cuckoo, North Valley, 2015. J. Moss ©
Barn Owl Tyto alba Scarce and sporadic breeder. Last breeding record 2007
No spring records. The first autumn bird wasn’t actually seen in the flesh, with feathers found in North Valley on 10th and 26th. Pellets were found inside the workshop on 4th October, while a bird was actually seen in the picnic shelter on 12th, where it roosted frequently. Two were noted at the farm on 16th, with four further sightings during the month. November produced sightings of singles on 1st (perhaps two), 2nd, 5th and 6th, this being the last record of the year.
Barn Owl, Farm, 2015. L. Newman ©
Little Owl Athene noctua Scarce breeder. Typically between one and five pairs, maximum six pairs 1985
First noted on 11th March, when one was seen west of the farm, followed by further sightings of singles on several dates during the month, and noted frequently thereafter. However it wasn’t until 20th April before more than one were confirmed on the island, with two seen. These forming our only breeding pair this year and dominating sightings, except for when three were seen on 14th May and 13th June. A single nest was located west of the farm, eventually fledging at least three chicks. Between one and two birds continued to be noted across the island throughout the autumn, the last sighting coming on 2nd November.
Little Owl, 2015. J. Moss ©
Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus Scarce breeder, though uncommon in some years. Maximum 14 territories 1993. Uncommon migrant
First noted on 8th March, with a bird seen hunting west of the farm, followed by frequent sightings of between one and three through the month, except for when six were seen together on 15th. Two pairs are known to have bred this year; a decrease on the three pairs recorded in 2014. Wing-clapping was first noted on 15th March, while food was seen being carried to the Gorse Hill and North Valley Rise territories on 11th May. The Gorse Hill nest was discovered on 13th May (containing five eggs and one chick), with six chicks noted there on 26th May. Three of these chicks are known to have fledged on 19th June. The North Valley Rise nest was discovered on 15th May, containing four eggs. Unfortunately these were noted to have been predated by 25th May, presumably by corvids. A second clutch of four were laid on 9th June, but these were also predated by 30th June, causing the pair to fail.
Sightings were very sporadic post-breeding, with few sightings during July, August and September. October produced the peak count of the year, with 15 noted at dusk during a Hen Harrier roost watch; a remarkable number and the highest since 19 were counted in November 2011. Further significant counts included ten on 31st October, nine on 1st, seven on 2nd and seven on 6th November. Last noted on 16th November.
Short-eared Owl, Welsh Way, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Swift Apus apus Common migrant
The first record of these aerial masters came on 18th April, with one noted. This was followed during the month by one over the Mew Stone on 19th, one on 23rd and one on 30th. May saw slightly inflated numbers, with sightings on 22 dates including peaks of 14 on 9th, ten on 11th and eleven on 25th and 29th. June produced sightings on twelve dates, including peaks of ten on 21st and 30th and eleven on 23rd. Records became more sporadic during July, though the month did produce the years highest counts; 56 on 3rd and 15 on 15th. Four sightings during August involved singles, except for a count of ten on 7th, while one on 10th September was the last record of the year.
Hoopoe Upupa epops Rare migrant. Nineteen previous records, most recently April 2010
One of the year’s highlights involved the arrival of two of these delightful Mediterranean overshoots on 9th April (LN, EMS et. al.). First reported by a family staying in the hostel, one was watched feeding in West Park, before flying to West Pond, where it was discovered in the company of a second bird. One of these lingered until 11th. These represent the 20th and 21st island records,
Hoopoe, West Park, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Kingfisher Alcedo athis Vagrant. Six previous records, most recently 2014
A remarkable sequence of sightings during October and November this year involved at least two birds. First seen in North Haven on 12th, birds were noted on a further six dates, with two seen together on 21st and 27th. November then continued to produce records of single birds on six dates, finally being seen on 8th. These represent the 7th and 8th island records.
Kingfishers, North Haven, 2015. E. Stubbings ©
Wryneck Jynx torquilla Uncommon migrant
A good spring with two birds arriving by the farm on 9th April (JWM, DB) followed by sightings of singles on five further dates until 15th, most likely all involving one of the birds from the initial arrival. This was followed in June by a single bird found on 13th in the North Valley (BB, EMS). The next record came in September, with one found by Bread Rock on 9th (OP), lingering until 10th. This was the only autumn record.
Wryneck, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Scarce and sporadic breeder. Last breeding attempt 2013. Uncommon migrant, though fairly common in some years
Recorded during 15 days in March, mostly concerning the same female bird which took to feeding on worms in the farm courtyard. April produced records of a single on 9th and two at Paynes Ledge on 18th. A female was found dead on the Neck on 17th April. May produced singles on five dates, all only one-day birds except for a male which lingered during 29th and 30th. June produced sightings of singles on eleven dates, including a male which predated a Rock Pipit nest in North Haven on 24th June. July was quiet, with singles on three dates, while August was busier, with sightings on 23 dates, involving between one and three individuals except for four on 30th and 31st. September continued the theme, with good numbers seen virtually daily involving between one and five birds, except for six on 8th and 11th. October continued the bumper theme with between two and seven birds present throughout, but with a peak of nine on 7th. Between one and four were present throughout November, until the end of the season.
Kestrel, 2015. J. Moss ©
Merlin Falco columbarius Uncommon migrant
A good run of records in March saw two females arrive on 8th, one west of the farm on 13th, one on 16th, a female on 19th, one on 20th, another single on 27th and 28th and one on 31st. Things quietened down in April, with one at Toms House on 18th followed by singles on 20th, 22nd and one on 26th, this being the last spring record. The firsts autumn record came on 27th September with a juvenile bird in North Haven, followed by one chasing pipits at the Wick on 28th and one in North Valley on 29th. October produced sightings on ten dates, all involving singles except for two on 3rd. The last record of the season involved a single on 4th November.
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
Scarce breeder. Maximum four pairs 1998 and 2003. Uncommon migrant
Present throughout the season, with typical counts between one and six likely to be concerning the breeding population. However higher counts include seven on 26th April and 16th October. Three pairs attempted to breed on the island, at Double Cliff, High Cliff and Protheroe’s Dock. Only the High Cliff pair was known to have been successful, with the fledged young noted on 20th July, followed by sightings of the juvenile on South Castle on 1st August and at the Wick on 12th. The nest was first suspected on 10th May, following the persistent presence of a pair at the site followed by frequent visiting of a hidden ledge. An incubation change- over was noted on 18th May, while the birds were suspected to be feeding young on 30th May. Interestingly, a bird was noted to have killed a Moorhen on 21st May.
*Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Rare migrant. Twenty-five previous records, most recently 2011
Very much a highlight of the 2015 season was the arrival of at least four of these stunning southern drift- migrants in May. With a single fly-by initially noted late in the evening of 10th May by an overnight guest, the island team were out at dawn the following day, incredulously watching four birds between Well Field and North Valley Crossing (LN et. al.). A bird found in South Stream was potentially a fifth, though this could not be confirmed. Four were present the following day, with only one remaining on 13th. These become the 26th - 29th island records, and the first since 2011.
Golden Oriole, North Valley, 2015. J. Moss ©
Magpie Pica pica Uncommon breeder
Present throughout the season, with a minimum of six pairs known to have bred. The first chicks were found on 15th March, with this brood fledging by 11th June. Two fledged chicks were also seen in South Stream on 30th June. A bird was noted either nest-building or maintaining a nest north of Moorey Mere on the late date of 27th September.
The maximum spring count was 15 on 14th March, while September to November produced the highest autumn counts, with frequent double-figure tallies and peaks of 20 on 1st October and 20th November and 19 on 2nd, 8th and 17th October. The majority of these higher counts were made from evening roost counts in North Valley.
Magpie, 2015. J. Moss ©
Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Scarce breeder. Fairly common visitor from the mainland
Present throughout the season, with four pairs known to have bred in the Wick Basin, Paynes Ledge, the Lantern and South Castle Beach Cave. The Lantern was known to have been successful, with one fledged chick seen with parents outside the entrance to the cave on 15th June. Two fledged chicks were seen on 17th June in North Haven. For more details see Annual Surveillance of Choughs in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park in 2015, Jane Hodges 2016. Birds were first noted carrying nesting material on 15th March, mating at Toms House on 16th April and first fledgling on 15th June. Peak spring counts included 30 on 28th March, 22 on 30th May and 21 on 26th June. Autumn peaks included 26 on 3rd, (including 22 roosting on the Neck) and 25 on 27th September.
Chough, Wick, 2015. J. Moss ©
Western Jackdaw Corvus monedula Fairly common breeder. Fairly common to common migrant
Present throughout the season, with an estimated minimum of 53 pairs believed to have bred. Nest building was first noted on 4th April, while the first chicks fledged on 10th June. Peak monthly totals are shown below.
Month Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Maxima 250 54 90 45 70 45 170 310 280 Fig. 14 Maximum monthly counts of Jackdaw
Jackdaw, 2015. J. Moss ©
Rook Corvus frugilegus Uncommon migrant
The first record of the year concerned three which flew over North Castle on 6th March, followed by five birds on 24th. April produced more records, with two on 9th, one on 16th, six on 19th and four on 21st, these being the last spring sighting. The first of the autumn was seen on 27th September, while October also produced one sighting; a flock of 15 birds on 12th, this being the highest and last record of the year.
Carrion Crow Corvus corone Uncommon breeder. Fairly common migrant
Seen throughout the season, with eleven pairs breeding across the island; an increase on eight in 2014. The first eggs were noted on 19th April, followed by first chicks on 30th April and first fledglings noted on 23rd May. Max counts include 17 on 18th March and 29th September, 21 on 5th and 16 on 19th April and 20 on 19th September.
Hooded Crow Corvus cornix Rare migrant. Eighteen previous records, most recently 2014
A single record this year, with one noted on 8th June along the west coast (DA).
Common Raven Corvus corax Scarce to uncommon breeder. Fairly common autumn visitor
Present throughout the season, with eight pairs breeding at High Cliff, Mew Stone, the Wick, the Basin, Paynes Ledge, South Haven, Matthew’s Wick and at the Lantern. Birds noted carrying nesting material on 5th March, first chicks on 16th April and first fledglings on 10th May. A minimum of eleven chicks fledged successfully from these nests.
Peak spring counts included 15 south on 15th and 29 birds through on 25th March. Some northerly movement was noted on 18th March, with six cruising over, while nine on 5th April were also thought to have been migrants. Numbers remained fairly low during the breeding season. However, as is typical on Skomer, numbers increased dramatically from late August as birds came from far and wide to feast on the fledgling Manx Shearwaters. The increase began with 18 on 26th August followed by 40 on 27th. Peak autumn counts following this include 80 on 31st August, 100 on 15th and 17th and 92 on 16th and 18th September. Double figure counts predominated through October, but dwindled during November, leaving the resident breeding birds to overwinter.
Goldcrest Regulus regulus Fairly common migrant
First noted on 6th March, when two were present, followed by sightings on nine further dates, including a peak of six on 20th. April produced sightings on a further nine dates, peaking with seven on 5th (highest count of the spring), and one on 17th being the last spring record. The first autumn record came on 12th August with one at Moorey Mere, this being followed by one on 13th and two on 28th. However passage didn’t really pick up until September, with sightings on 27 days including double figure counts on six dates including peaks of 14 on 17th, twelve on 19th, 16 on 22nd and 15 on 25th. It was a similar story in October, with sightings on all but one day including double figures on ten days and peaks of 22 on 1st, 25 on 8th (highest count of the year) and 20 on 18th. Sightings became less frequent during November, with reasonable numbers at the start of the month dwindling to very few to the seasons end, the last count being of eight on 16th.
Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus Scarce autumn migrant, though uncommon in some years (at least 65 previous records). Rare spring migrant.
A good year, with a minimum of five individuals noted. The first came on 25th July at Moorey Mere, concerning a scruffy adult male apparently in moult. This bird lingered through August and September, being seen sporadically until at least 7th October, never away from Moorey Mere. This bird was joined at Moorey Mere by a fresh bird on 15th September, lingering until 16th. Another new bird was found in North Valley on 27th September, with presumably all three of these being seen on 30th (two at Moorey Mere and one at East Bog). October continued to provide sightings, many of which likely involved lingering birds, though four on 14th (three in North Valley and one at Moorey Mere) involved at least one new arrival. Three were seen in East Bog (presumably the same as previous) on 15th, while one at Moorey Mere was seen on six further dates from 16th. One at North Haven on 28th was potentially a new bird, and was the last sighting of the year.
Firecrest, North Valley, 2015. J. Moss ©
Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus Fairly common spring and autumn visitor
Following a disappointing showing in 2014, this year was a return to form for this smart island visitor. The first came on 20th March, with one at the Farm; this being the only spring record. Autumn passage commenced on 17th September, with one at Moorey Mere followed by two the following day. Numbers increased markedly on 19th, with 13 across the island. Sightings were virtually daily from 21st September right through to 18th November, with many days hosting double figures, and peak counts of 16 on 26th September, 45 on 3rd (highest count of the season, and highest count since 75 were noted in October 2011), 16 on 6th, 24 on 13th, 20 on 14th and 21 on 19th October. Numbers dwindled through the end of October into November, with counts of between one and ten being typical during this period.
Blue Tit, North Valley, 2015. J. Moss ©
Great Tit Parus major Uncommon migrant. Scarce in some years, and occasionally absent
No spring records. The first of the autumn came on 6th September, seen by a visitor. This was followed by near daily sightings between 25th September and 22nd October, typically involving sightings of between one and four birds, but with peaks of six on 30th September and 1st October, 11 on 3rd (highest count of the year) and seven on 14th October. Last noted on 22nd October, with one seen.
Great Tit, North Valley, 2015. J. Moss ©
Coal Tit Periparus ater Uncommon autumn migrant, though rather sporadic. Rare in spring and summer
Having been absent in 2014, it was a record-breaking year for this species. First noted on 25th September, with one in the North Haven Ivy (BB), this was followed by a minimum of twelve over the Neck on 26th. Two were then noted on 27th and 29th, followed by 16 on 30th and 19 on 1st October (the year’s highest count, and the highest count on record, breaking 17 in October 1997). Birds were noted on a further five dates in October, involving between one and three birds, with the last sighting of the year coming on 14th.
Coal Tit, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
Woodlark Lullula arborea Rare migrant. Eleven previous records. Most recent November 2010
One was seen and heard flying over Moorey Mere at 10:00 am on 11th October (EMS). It appeared to land near the farm, but unfortunately couldn’t be relocated. This represents the 12th record for the island.
Skylark Alauda arvensis Scarce breeder. Previously an uncommon breeder, but is currently undergoing a drastic decline. Common migrant
Present throughout the season, with six breeding territories mapped, mostly concentrated in the areas around and to the west of the farm. This represents an increase on the four noted in 2014, but a return to the 2013 total. First noted singing on 10th March, while a nest containing a small chick was found in Abyssinia on 23rd May. A fledgling was seen on 27th July.
The only spring count of note, presumably involving some migrants was ten on 6th April. Only noted on two dates in August, with one on 1st and 26th, suggesting a post-breeding exodus which appears to be typical of this species on Skomer. Autumn migration didn’t really begin until the end of September, and even then it was sedate, with sightings of between one and six occurring on ten dates concentrated in the last part of the month. October saw migration begin in earnest, with near daily sightings including high counts of 185 on 8th, 196 on 12th, 112 on 20th and 380 on 25th (the year’s highest count). November produced sightings on only five dates, with 116 on 1st, three on 2nd, five on 3rd, 23 on 4th and 53 on 16th, this being the last sighting of the year.
Skylark, West Park, 2015. J. Moss ©
Sand Martin Riparia riparia Common migrant
First record came on the early date of 10th March, this being the second earliest date on record following one on 5th March 2008. The next sighting wasn’t until 4th April when five flew through, followed by near daily sightings until 31st May. Counts ranged typically between one and 17 during this period, but with peaks of 31 on 15th, 34 on 25th and 22 on 30th April and 25 on 9th May. June produced one sighting of two birds on 5th, this being the last spring sighting. Returning birds arrived in August, with eight on 7th followed by between one and three on five dates during the month. September saw birds noted on twelve dates, including peaks of 48 on 8th (highest count of the year) and 18 on 9th. The last record involved three on 12th October.
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Uncommon breeder. Very abundant migrant
After the first sighting of five on 4th April, birds were noted virtually daily until the last record on 20th October, in part due to the presence of the island breeding population. Ten pairs bred this year, mostly around the farm, but for a pair at North Haven. Twenty-five chicks fledged from these nests. The first egg was discovered in the compost loo at the Farm on 27th May, with first chicks hatched on 27th June and first fledglings on 9th July. Chicks were still present in a nest at the farm on 20th September. Peak spring migration counts are shown below in Fig. 15, while autumn peaks are shown in Fig. 16. Spring passage ended on 8th June with 20 being the last significant count of the spring, while autumn passage commenced on 7th August with 68 noted.
Date 19th April 9th May 10th May 11th May 12th May 13th May 16th May 20th May 25th May Count 120 504 267 200 200 560 165 350 217 Fig. 15 Peak spring counts of Swallow
Date 10th Sept 15th Sept 16th Sept 19th Sept 25th Sept 27th Sept 29th Sept 1st Oct Count 496 4590 5421 710 200 176 3168 1260 Fig. 16 Peak autumn counts of Swallow
House Martin Delichon urbicum Bred during the late 1960's/early 1970's. Common migrant
First record of the year came on 4th April when one was noted, with sightings on a further ten dates during the month including a peak of 36 on 20th. May produced a more concerted passage, with sightings on 23 dates involving counts of between one and 22, but for peaks of 29 on 13th and 45 on 25th. Counts of between one and 16 were made on 13 dates through June, while July saw three on two dates, the last being on 7th. Very little movement occurred through August, with sighing of between one and nine on seven dates. September saw some improvement, though passage remained sedate, with sightings on twelve dates and a peak of 127 on 29th; this being the year’s highest count. There were three sightings during October, with a peak of twelve on 7th and the last sighting being on 12th.
Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti Vagrant. Seven previous records, most recently September 2009 and October 2011
One was found in the willows by the North Pond Research Hide on 8th October, where it was heard singing. It was also present the following day, where it showed well in the morning. This is the eighth island record.
Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus Scarce migrant, though not recorded annually. Most recent record November 2012
After a two year absence, this year saw in a return for this ball of feathers. First noted on 13th October when seven were watched flying west over the Isthmus. Eleven were present in North Valley the following day. The final sighting came on 1st November, concerning a flock of 21 in North Valley.
*Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Vagrant. Four previous records, June 1990, June 1996, September 2012 and June 2014
The second year in a row that this species has been recorded on the island, and the first time that two have been found in one year. The first was found in the North Haven ivy on 12th June (EMS), with another found in the same place on 23rd July. The latter record is the first July record for the island. If accepted these will be the fifth and sixth records for the island.
Greenish Warbler, North Haven, 2015. E. Stubbings ©
Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus Rare but currently annual autumn migrant. At least thirty previous records, most recently November 2014
A record year, with eleven records involving a bare minimum of six birds. One in North Valley on 16th September was the first Welsh record of the year, and the beginning of a good autumn for this species. The next sighting occurred on 23rd September with one discovered in the North Haven ivy. The 27th saw two birds arrive, with one seen in North Valley and another in Calves Park. Singles on 29th and 30th may have involved one of the birds from 27th. Two were present on 1st October, followed by further records of a single at Moorey Mere on 6th, one at North Valley Crossing on 14th and one in North Valley on 18th, this being the last record of the year.
Yellow-browed Warbler, North Valley 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Very rare and sporadic breeder, noted 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2014. Abundant migrant. Specified
Breeding was confirmed on the island again, with a pair nesting in the North Valley. The first spring migrant was noted on 9th March, with one at the sales point followed by one the following day. Records were almost daily from 12th thereafter until mid-May when migration began to slow. Numbers were highest through April, with peaks of 31 on 6th, 26 on 14th and 28 on 15th. June produced sightings of between one and four birds on 14 dates, while July saw singles noted on six dates. August produced sightings on nine dates, mostly involving singles except for the end of the month, with nine on 30th and five on 31st. Autumn passage really kicked in during September and October with near daily sightings throughout, including peaks of 20 on 16th September and 17 on 1st and 37 on 2nd October. Between one and three were noted on ten November dates, with the last of the season being seen on 17th.
Chiffchaff, 2015. J. Moss ©
Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus c. tristis Rare migrant. Fourteen previous records, with further records of 'eastern' birds possibly relating to this sub- species. However, owing to confusion regarding the identification of this sub-species in the past, they may be under-recorded
Only one record this year of a probable on 20th October in North Valley (ES,BB).
Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Abundant migrant
The first record involved a single bird at Moorey Mere on 27th March, though we had to wait until 3rd April before another was noted, with six present that day. Sightings of between one and 67 were then daily from 5th April until the months end, with peak counts including 210 on 6th, 140 on 15th and 75 on 23rd. Noted on 15 dates in May, mostly concentrated during the first half, and not exceeding ten on 13th. A gap in sightings then occurred, with the next sighting being a fresh juvenile in North Valley on 20th July, hailing the start of autumn passage. They were then noted on seven further dates during the month, with a peak of eight on 25th and noted almost daily during August with peaks of 15 on 11th and 13th. September saw a similar spread of sightings, with further peaks of 15 on 6th and 9th. Sightings became infrequent beyond 23rd September, with only one more occurrence during the month and only three records during October, involving one on 3rd, two on 7th and one on 8th, this being the last record of the year.
Willow Warbler, Moorey Mere, 2015. J. Moss ©
'Northern' Willow Warbler Phylloscopus t. acredula Vagrant
One record in the spring, a single bird was noted on 15th April, during a large arrival of nominate Willow Warblers. This is the second consecutive year that this subspecies has been recorded on Skomer.
Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Fairly common migrant
The first of the year was recorded on 2nd April; a female at Moorey Mere which lingered until the following day. Numbers increased from 6th onwards with eight appearing that day followed by counts of between four and 17 being logged daily until 14th. Numbers were inflated further between 15th and 23rd with counts of between 30 and 48 daily except for 78 on 16th (the year’s highest count). Things settled down through to the end of the month, with near daily sightings of between two and eleven. Noted on 11 dates in May, mostly concentrated during the first half, with counts ranging between two and five. June saw sightings of a male and female on 10th and one on 29th, these being the last spring sightings. August hailed the beginning of autumn passage with a female on 24th followed by one on 30th and 31st. September produced sightings on 18 dates, mostly involving between two and six except for peaks of twelve on 29th and 20 on 17th. Noted on 25 days in October, with a fairly subdued passage involving peaks of ten on 2nd, 22 on 3rd and 14 on 8th. Small numbers were present through November, with the last sighting occurring on 11th.
Blackcap, Moorey Mere, 2015. J. Moss ©
Garden Warbler Sylvia borin Uncommon migrant
A poor showing with just four records this season. Two records in the spring concerned one on 1st May at Moorey Mere followed by another on 25th. The autumn produced one at Moorey Mere on 13th August and another single in North Valley on 4th October.
Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Scarce migrant
One was discovered at Moorey Mere on 26th April, lingering until the following day, while another was found in North Valley on 11th May, lingering until 13th. September saw another bird arrive, with one at Moorey Mere on 21st and 22nd being the last record of the year.
Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis Uncommon breeder
First record came on 15th April, with one at Gorse Hill, with sightings on all bar one date thereafter during April, including a peak of eleven on 23rd. Sightings became virtually daily from May to the end of September, with most sightings concerning the island breeding population. A total of 22 pairs nested on the island this year, this being down from 26 pairs in 2014. First noted carrying food on 10th June, though nest building was also noted on 15th, suggesting some failed first broods. The first fledglings were seen on 24th June, with two chicks noted at the farm. Overall the breeding season was considered to be a poor one, this being attributed to a very wet spring, this being confirmed by very low capture rates during CES ringing visits to North Valley. Maximum counts included ten on 9th May, 17 on 25th May (highest count of the year), ten on 29th August, twelve on 30th August and 16 on 6th September. Sightings became sporadic by the end of September, while one record in October was the last of the year, on 9th.
Whitethroat, 2015. J. Moss ©
Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata Vagrant. Two previous records, 1971 and 2010
Two records this year of this diminutive heathland specialist, both in October. The first occurred on 9th, with one discovered near North Valley Crossing, where it spent the day amongst the bracken. The next records came on 19th, with a smart male bird found at North Haven. These represent the 3rd and 4th records for the island.
Dartford Warbler, 2015. J. Moss ©
Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia Uncommon migrant
First noted on 15th April, this species was seen on a further six dates during the month, with two on 23rd, and a bird singing in North Valley early on 20th. May produced one at the farm on 4th and another at North Valley Crossing on 21st. The autumn produced two records, with one in South Stream on 1st and one at North Haven on 2nd October.
Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Uncommon breeder. Uncommon migrant
First of the year arrived on 15th April at South Stream, with five noted the following day, including singing birds at Moorey Mere. Noted daily from here on as the breeding population settled, overlapping with migrant birds during the spring and autumn. A total of 40 breeding pairs were mapped across the island, this being a slight decrease on the 44 pairs noted in 2014. A bird was noted carrying food on 26th June and the first fledged young seen on 5th July. Very little successful breeding is believed to have occurred this year, this being attributed to a particularly wet spring and confirmed by very low capture rates during CES ringing visits to North Valley. Peak spring counts include 16 on 23rd and eleven on 30th April, twelve on 9th and a minimum of 30 in South Stream alone on 13th May (the year’s highest count). With the onset of autumn passage, further peak counts included 15 on 18th and 30th August, and 14 on 31st August (it must be noted that these counts may be the result of a combination of migrants and recently fledged young). September saw dwindling numbers on the island, with only single figure counts throughout, becoming sporadic during the last half of the month. One on 1st October was the last of the year.
Sedge Warbler, 2015. J. Moss ©
Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Uncommon migrant
Two records in the spring involving three birds, with one found in South Stream on 13th May followed by two birds on 7th June, in North Valley Willows and Moorey Mere. The first of the autumn arrived on 9th September at Toms House, with another at North Pond the following day. Further birds were then noted on 17th, two on
21st, one on 22nd and another single on 28th. Finally, one on 11th October at Moorey Mere was the last of the year.
Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Fairly common breeder
Present throughout, and singing from 5th March. A total of 52 breeding pairs were mapped across the island, this being down on the 64 territories present in 2014. First seen nest building on 7th May at South Stream, while the first fledged young were seen on 22nd June. Peak counts occurred in October, with some evidence of arrivals including 21 on 3rd, 11th and 23rd, 20 on 8th and 22nd, 35 on 15th and 42 on 19th (highest count of the year).
Wren, 2015. J. Moss ©
Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris Very abundant migrant
Present on the wardens arrival onto the island, with small flocks, potentially having wintered, present until 20th March and peaking at 76 on 17th, 100 on 19th and 130 on 16th March. Sightings became scarce thereon, with one on 24th March and one on 16th April the only other early spring sightings. June saw a small influx, with sighting of between two and six on eleven dates except for 33 on 19th, 30 on 26th and 40 on 30th. Counts of between ten and 175 were made on most days in August, bar 200 on 13th and 280 on 17th August. Records were significantly fewer in September, with between one and 26 recorded on only six dates. Significant movements followed between October and November, mostly of between one and 550, but with larger counts described in Fig. 17. Last recorded on 19th November.
Date 26th Oct 1st Nov 3rd Nov 4th Nov 12th Nov 16th Nov 19th Nov Count 740 1516 1594 1184 620 8000 1234 Fig. 17 Peak counts of Starling
Starlings, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus Uncommon migrant
First spring record concerned three on 6th April, with at least this number the following day and four on 8th. Singles were then noted on 9th to 13th (with two on 10th), one on 15th, two on 19th, at least three on 22nd, one on 23rd, two on 25th and one on 26th and 27th; in a good spring for this species. The first of the autumn occurred on 30th September, when two were found in South Stream and North Valley. October continued to produce records, with one on 2nd, a male on 12th and one between 16th and 19th, this being the last of the year.
A particularly interesting record concerned a colour ringed bird discovered near Skomer Head on 6th April 2015. The following details on this bird were provided to us by Innes Sim of RSPB Scotland;
BL/O (RIGHT) W/M (LEFT) was ringed as a breeding female in Glen Clunie, (Aberdeenshire) at a second nest in 2013, and has been recorded breeding there in 2014, 2015 and has just fledged her first brood in 2016. She was mated to the super-male (see RSPB’s current Nature’s Home magazine) in 2013-15, but has left him for a younger man this year!
So, we might call her a super-female, since she has raised at least 20 young in 4 years so far. Plus, she was already an adult (i.e. 2 + years old) when we ringed her in 2013, so she has probably reared even more young than this.
Ring Ouzel, Skomer Head, 2015. D. Brommage ©
Blackbird Turdus merula Scarce breeder, previously uncommon. Common migrant
Present throughout the season. Two pairs nested on the island, in South Stream and at the Farm. First heard singing on 11th March, with first nest found on 25th May, and first fledglings on 13th June. Spring counts never exceeded six, likely only concerning breeding or prospecting birds. Autumn migration started in October, with counts of between one and 13 daily, except for peaks of 18 on 20th and 56 on 28th (highest count of the season) Early November saw a continued passage, with peaks of 32 on 1st, 20 on 2nd, 36 on 3rd and 30 on 4th, with counts of between two and seven thereafter until the last of the year on 17th.
Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Scarce and very sporadic breeder. Common migrant
Present in small numbers on arrival day, with between one and eight on 18 dates during March. April produced sightings of between two and seven on 12 dates, but with a peak of 15 on 9th. One on 3rd May was the last of the spring. The first autumn record involved a single bird on 17th September, with further singles on 29th and 30th. October saw near daily sightings, with peaks of 17 on 20th (highest count of the year), 13 on 27th and 15 on 28th, while a similar spread of records during November produced a peak of 15 on 1st and 3rd, and a final sighting on 18th.
Song Thrush, North Haven, 2015. E. Stubbings ©
Redwing Turdus iliacus Common migrant
Singles were noted on five dates during March, with the first of the year occurring on 8th in Abbysinia. There were three records in April, all involving singles except for four on 6th. One on 7th was the last of the spring. Autumn passage didn’t begin until 8th October, with one on 8th followed by near daily sightings between 12th and the months end, including peaks of 22 on 14th, 31 on 15th and 43 on 18th. Sightings remained daily through the early part of November, with a year’s peak of 63 on 4th, while sightings became sporadic towards the seasons end, with the last record occurring on 17th.
Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Uncommon migrant
One on 15th June constituted an unseasonal first of the year, while further records occurred on 15th and 23rd, and two on 27th and 31st October. One on 1st November was the last of the year.
Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata One breeding record 1985. Common migrant
The first of the year arrived on 22nd April at the farm, lingering until the following day, while further singles in April occurred on 26th and 27th. May produced sightings of between one and six on 18 dates, but with peaks of seven on 13th and ten on 25th. June sightings included seven on 3rd followed by two on 8th, three on 7th, two on 11th and singles on 12th, 13th and 14th, and the final of the spring on 24th. Autumn passage commenced on 11th August with a single arriving, followed by counts of between one and three on eight further dates. September saw further passage, with two at Moorey Mere on 5th lingering into the next day. Two on 8th were eclipsed by 20 on 9th (years highest count) followed by ten the following day and eight on 11th. Two were present on 12th, while a single lingered into 13th. The 16th saw six arrive, with five the following day. The 27th saw the next occurrence, with a single arriving followed by three on 29th and two on 30th; these being the final records of the year.
Spotted Flycatcher, 2015. J. Moss ©
Robin Erithacus rubecula Last breeding record 1994. Very abundant migrant
Present on the wardens arrival to the island, with birds having wintered on the island. Recorded daily during March until 28th, with peaks of ten on three dates and eleven on 8th. Noted on 22 dates in April, peaking at twelve on 4th and 15 on 9th. A bird was noted singing in the farm courtyard on 22nd. May produced sighting of singles on six dates, and intriguingly saw a juvenile appear at North Pond on 25th, suggesting breeding. There were two records of singles in June, with one on 22nd and 29th. Autumn passage began in August, initially slowly with counts of between one and five between 7th and 18th, and slightly inflated numbers thereafter, peaking with 14 on 27th and 31st and 21 on 30th. October produced the highest numbers of the year, with daily counts of between seven and 57, with peaks of 86 on 3rd (highest count of the year), 67 on 8th and 60 on 14th. Recorded on 18 dates in November between 1st and 19th, with counts of between one and 22, bar peaks of 30 on 1st and 44 on 4th.
*Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos Vagrant. Seven previous records, last record April 2012
One was heard singing in the North Valley willows on the morning of 11th May, coinciding with an exciting fall which involved at least four Golden Orioles, a Quail and Lesser Whitethroat (EMS et. al). Pending acceptance by the WRP, this will be the eighth record for the island.
Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Uncommon migrant
The first record of the year concerned a good haul of six birds spread across the island, followed by three the following day and a single (possibly same) between 11th and 13th. The 17th saw a male arrive at Skomer Head, while further singles were noted on 22nd and 23rd, these being the last of the spring. Autumn passage kicked off with a juvenile bird at Moorey Mere on 17th August, with the two the following day and a single on 19th. September produced three records, with a single on 9th in North Valley and two on 17th and 27th. Passage was concluded in October with sightings of singles on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th, being the last of the year.
Pied Flycatcher, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
*Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva Rare migrant. 18 previous records, most recently 2014
There was one record of this delightful flycatcher this year; the second consecutive year of records. The bird was found in South Stream on 3rd October (EMS, BB), where it remained for the day. This represents the 19th record for the island.
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Uncommon migrant
The first of the year for this always much-anticipated chat came on 4th April, with a female noted, followed by a 1st winter male at North Haven on 16th, two on 17th and further singles on 19th and 21st; these being the last of the spring. Fairly typically, the first of the autumn came on 11th October, with a female-type noted, followed by two on 14th, one on 16th, two in South Stream and South Haven on 27th, one on 28th, two in South Haven on 29th, one at the farm on 30th and three on 31st. Sightings occurred on nine dates in November, peaking at three on 3rd, with the last of the year noted on 13th.
Black Redstart, Farm, 2015. L. Newman ©
Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Uncommon migrant
Spring passage of this colourful chat commenced on 9th April with a male noted, followed by a run of records between 17th and 23rd involving a peak of six on 19th, followed by a single on 25th, this being the last of the spring. Autumn passage was poor, with just a single record of one on 25th September, matching somewhat the passage of 2014.
Common Redstart, 2015. E. Stubbings ©
Whinchat Saxicola rubetra Uncommon migrant
There were five spring records this year, all occurring in May. The first came on 4th, with a bird in Shearing Hays followed on 8th with a male at North Pond, a single the following day and further single males on 14th and 16th, these being the final spring records. Autumn passage commenced on 23rd August with the first juvenile of the year. October produced sightings of singles on 1st, 3rd and 6th, two at the Farm on 7th and 9th and a final single on 14th, this being the last of the year.
Whinchat, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
European Stonechat Saxicola torquatus Scarce breeder. Uncommon migrant
Present throughout the season, with two pairs on territory, in Well Meadow and South Stream Valley. Only the Well Meadow birds were known to have bred successfully. Birds were first seen nest building at North Pond on 10th May, with the first fledged young seen on 19th June. One was seen to catch a small Common Lizard on 14th August at North Valley Crossing. The peak spring count was 14 on 8th. Autumn peaks included 12 on 6th, 11 on 7th, 13th and 19th and 15 on 30th September and 14 on 8th and eleven on 13th and 19th October. The last record came on 19th November.
Birds possessing white rumps, extensive white collars and rich overall colouration, resembling the continental race S. t. rubicola were noted on 8th and 13th, coinciding with a small arrival of migrant birds.
Stonechat, 2015. L. Newman ©
Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Common migrant. Uncommon breeder
The first record this year came on 11th March; as usual a male, at the Wick. One was also present the following day, while two were noted on 17th. Sightings became virtually daily from here through to the last of the year; three on 13th October. Eighteen breeding pairs were mapped this year, this being up on 15 from the previous year. Peak spring passage counts are shown below in figure 18. Singing was first noted on 20th March at Pigstone Bay, while the first fledglings were noted on 24th May at the Mew Stone. Autumn passage was more subdued, with peaks exceeding ten only occurring on 16th September, when 30 birds were noted (though most of these were O. o. leucorhoa; see below) and eleven on 17th.
Date 6th April 7th April 8th April 9th April 19th April 20th April 22nd April 23rd April Count 44 48 74 40 140 50 62 55 Fig. 18 Peak spring passage counts of Northern Wheatear.
Northern Wheatear, 2015. J. Moss ©
'Greenland' Wheatear Oenanthe o. leucorhoa Uncommon migrant
First noted on 8th April in small numbers, with further sightings of usually small numbers on 16 further dates until 16th May. Peak counts included 14 on 19th, five on 21st and six-plus on 22nd April. The autumn passage period produced birds on 22nd August, 16th September (30 wheatears, mostly ‘Greenland’), three on 1st and one on 4th October, this being the last of the year.
Dunnock Prunella modularis Uncommon breeder. Fairly common autumn migrant
Present through the season, with 16 territories mapped; a distinct increase on ten in 2014 and twelve in 2013. Noted singing on the first day of the season, with birds carrying food seen for the first time on 10th May and first fledglings at the farm on 18th May. Higher than usual counts were made during autumn, though this is likely to mostly concern a population bolstered by fledglings, rather than migrants. The counts included 14 on 7th and twelve on 17th September, 24 on 3rd and 16 on 8th October.
Dunnock, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
House Sparrow Passer domesticus Uncommon migrant. Bred during late ‘60s and 1992.
The first record of the year came on 22nd April with two present at the farm, lingering into the following day. Two arrived on 1st May, with one getting taken in flight by a Peregrine, being replaced the following day by another bird. A male turned up on 14th, with a second on 15th and one again on 16th, while June saw one arrive on 11th. August produced one male at the farm on 7th, followed by four on 24th, these being the last records of the year.
House Sparrow, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava flavissima Uncommon migrant
The first record of the year came on 13th May, with one over North Haven, this being followed on 15th by two. June saw one arrive at Moorey Mere on 4th and another single north on 19th , this being the last spring record. September saw a flurry of sightings, with three on 4th being the first record, followed by one on 5th (a bird over North Pond with a harsh rasping call, likely to have been one of the rarer races of yellow wagtail, but couldn’t be confirmed), four on 10th and one on 28th, this being the last of the year.
Blue-headed Wagtail Motacilla f. flava Vagrant. Seven previous records, most recently 2014
One of these smart continental wagtails arrived on 14th April (JWM). The bird, a male, lingered around the farm for a short while, before flying across the island. It wasn’t seen again and was the only record of the year.
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Fairly common migrant
The first record of the year came on 7th March, with a male on the main track. A gap in records ended on 7th June when a bird arrived in North Haven beach, with perhaps the same bird on 11th. The number of records increased significantly in September, with sightings of between one and five on 17 dates except for peaks of eight on 6th and 19th, 14 on 7th and twelve on 8th. Between one and three were noted on 13 dates during October, with one on 29th being the last of the year.
Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba yarrellii Scarce breeder. Fairly common migrant
First noted on 7th March, birds were then present throughout the season, with counts of between one and six the norm. Four pairs are known to have bred, with two at the farm, one at North Haven and a nest in the Wick Basin. This represents an increase on two pairs which nested in 2014. Nest building was first noted at the Farm on 16th April, with chicks in the farm nest on 13th May and first fledglings on 20th June. Further to this peak spring counts, presumably including some migrants, included eight on 27th March, nine on 7th May and eight on 26th June. Autumn passage peaked during September, with high counts including 13 on 9th, 18 on 11th, 15 on 20th and ten on 25th. Numbers settled during October and November, with counts typically settling between one and seven, but for a higher count of eight on 19th October. Last noted on 7th November.
Unidentified ‘Alba’ wagtails were noted on many occasions during the season, mostly referring to fly-over birds. The only spring record involved six on 18th March, while September saw more significant movements including 41 on 6th, 15 on 7th, ten on 9th and seven on 19th. October produced further counts of five on 1st, eight on 2nd and five on 25th. The last significant count came on 1st November when six were noted.
Pied Wagtail, Farm, 2015. J. Moss ©
'White Wagtail Motacilla a. alba Uncommon migrant
First recorded on 23rd April, with further sightings of one on 5th, one at Moorey Mere on 20th and one on 27th May, this being the last of the spring. The first of the autumn involved two on the main track on 26th August. September saw a good run of records, with counts of between one and three on 13 dates, except four on 6th and six on 9th. There was one record of a single on 1st October, this being the last of the year.
White Wagtail, Farm 2015. J. Moss ©
Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis Uncommon migrant
First recorded on 21st April, with a single followed by further singles on 22nd, 23rd and 25th. May produced two on 11th and one at Green Pond on 13th. The first two of the autumn arrived on 24th August, with a single following on 30th, while September saw one at Mathews Wick on 1st, one on 6th, two on 9th and two on 25th. Finally October saw one arrive on 2nd and the last of the year on 12th.
Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Fairly common breeder. Abundant migrant
Present throughout the season, breeding widely across the island. A total of 107 pairs were recorded during the Breeding Bird Surveys; an increase on the 97 pairs recorded in 2014. Birds were first noted singing on 6th March with mating noted in 4th and birds carrying nesting material on 9th April, carrying food on 16th May and the first confirmed fledglings on 10th June.
Autumn migration was first noted on 13th August, with 40 seen coming in off the sea at Skomer Head followed by further high counts of 60 on 16th, 75 on 20th, 40 at Captain Kites on 22nd, 84 on 27th, 106 on 29th and 58 on 30th. September saw further high counts, mostly between 20 and 91, but for higher counts of 120 on 6th, 93 on 18th, 107 on 25th, 125 on 27th and 100 on 29th. October continued where September left off, with high counts of 117 on 1st, 145 on 6th, 240 on 7th, 190 on 8th and 135 on 13th. Sightings dwindled through November, with only small numbers noted until the end of the season.
Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus Uncommon breeder, not censused every year due to inaccessibility of nest sites. Fairly common migrant
Present throughout the season, with birds breeding all along the coast. A total of 14 pairs nested on the island; a significant reduction on the 24 pairs which nested the previous year, which is surprising given that survey effort was roughly the same as that of the previous year. Birds were first noted singing on 6th March, nest building on 26th April, food-carrying on 16th May and again on 24th at South Plateau and fledglings on 10th June.
There was no real evidence of migration during the spring, with maximum spring counts including 23 on 8th and seven on 20th March. The autumn saw higher counts, likely due to a combination of successful breeding, increased observer effort (due to the Grey Seal work) and immigration, with August producing ten on the Neck on 26th and 28th, twelve on 30th and 24 on 31st. September produced several counts up to 20 birds, but with higher totals of 21 on 4th, 46 on 6th, 22 on 18th and 31 on 30th. October saw a similar pattern of sightings with higher counts of 35 on 7th, 34 on 8th, 26 on 16th, 25 on 19th, 23 on 22nd and 38 on 25th (highest count of the year). Finally, November saw counts of between one and 24 on all dates, until the wardens departed for the winter.
Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Common migrant
Noted on 14 dates in March, with typical counts of between one and two, but for five on 10th. April produced singles on three dates, with the one on 9th being the last of the spring. The first two of the autumn arrived on 16th September, with further sightings of between one and nine on ten dates during the month, but for a peak of ten on 26th. Passage peaked during October with several large counts. Daily sightings usually ranged between two and 46 birds, but for peaks of 240 on 26th (years highest count), 173 on 28th and 156 on 31st. Sightings remained almost daily through November until the end of the season, with peaks of 54 on 1st, 45 on 3rd and 64 on 12th, with the last sighting being of one on 19th.
Chaffinch, 2015. L. Newman ©
Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Uncommon migrant
There was one spring record this year; a female which arrived at the farm on 9th April where it lingered for three days. The first of the autumn concerned three birds on 20th October, followed by six on 31st. November went on to produce three records, with three on 1st and singles on 3rd and 4th these being the last of the year.
*Common Rosefinch Erythrina erythrina Rare visitor. Seventeen previous records, most recently September 2011
There were two records of this oft’ drab finch this year; one each in the spring and autumn, and both concerning ‘brown’ birds. The first arrived on 13th June at the Farm (JWM, LN), where it lingered until the following day. The autumn record concerned a juvenile bird which was found in North Valley Willows on the morning of 14th October (JWM), where it lingered for only a short time.
Common Rosefinch, North Valley Crossing, 2015. J. Moss ©
Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Abundant migrant
First noted on 20th March, with three at the farm followed by records of singles on three further dates. Noted nearly daily during April, but with low counts of between one and ten, except for 14 on 9th and 15 on 29th. Noted on 14 dates in May, peaking with 14 on 11th and ten on 13th, while June saw numbers increase as birds began to lead their families over to the island from the mainland. Sightings were nearly daily during this time with counts peaking at eleven on 5th, 14 on 6th and 20 on 30th. Similarly moderate counts were achieved throughout July, peaking with 25 on 4th, 20 on 20th and 24 on 29th. The theme continued into the early period of August, though sightings became less frequent during the second part of the month. Early peaks included 33 on 1st and 20 on 4th. The lull in sightings continued through the start of September, before a second wave of autumn migrants commenced with eleven on 16th followed by 29 on 17th. Mostly small counts followed on a daily basis, except for peaks of 20 on 25th and 39 on 30th. Counts of between one and 28 dominated through October, but with larger counts including 53 on 12th, 33 on 15th, 134 on 19th (the year’s highest count) and 53 on 20th. Counts of between one and 18 were recorded on six dates in November, with the last of the year concerning five on 16th.
Linnet Carduelis cannabina Previously bred in small numbers. Last bred 2009. Frequent migrant
Present throughout the season, with one pair breeding in North Valley. First noted nest building in North Valley on 9th and 10th May, unfortunately it couldn’t be confirmed whether these birds were successful or not. First noted on 17th March, involving a single bird followed by counts of between one and eight on eight dates except for a peak of 35 birds over on 21st. April produced sightings on all but one day and some good passage days, with high counts featured below in fig. 19. Counts of between one and 20 were made on 26 dates in May. Noted daily in small numbers in June, with a large invasion of juveniles on 10th, probably involving birds moving over from the mainland. Nest building was again noted on 23rd. July saw further daily sightings, with a peak of 30 on 3rd, while August continued the trend with near daily sightings of between one and 17. Mid- September saw the commencement of a stronger autumn passage, with near daily counts between September and the end of the season and peak counts for the autumn featured below in fig. 20. Last recorded on 16th November.
Date 6th 7th 8th 9th 13th 16th 17th 19th 21st Count 29 50 42 50 33 29 34 40 23 Fig. 19. Peak April counts of Linnet
Date 16th Sept 17th Sept 18th Sept 19th Sept 20th Sept 30th Sept 1st Oct 8th Oct 20th Oct Count 200 80 60 142 71 91 68 107 76 Fig. 20. Peak autumn counts of Linnet
Linnet, 2015. J. Moss ©
Lesser Redpoll Carduelis cabaret Uncommon migrant
There were no spring records. The first record of the year wasn’t until 26th September, when five were seen, this being followed by one on 30th. October produced further sightings, with four on 2nd, one on 7th and 8th and two on 12th, the latter being the last of the year.
Birds not assigned to race, usually due to them being fly-overs, included one on 17th September (1st of the year) and one on 3rd, two on 12th, one on 18th and four on 19th October., the latter being the last of the year
Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Rare migrant, often associated with national irruptions. Seventeen previous records. Last recorded October 2011
A flock of 16 were seen and heard flying over the farm in the evening of 11th June. This is the highest count ever recorded on Skomer, and the first record since 2011.
Siskin Spinus spinus Uncommon migrant
There were no spring records, though the autumn passage period was better than average. First noted on 6th September, when twelve were seen. Noted then on a further 16 dates during September, with counts mostly ranging between one and nine, but for peaks of eleven on 9th and 18 on 16th. October produced a similar spread of sightings, with counts of between one and 14 noted on 16 dates. November saw birds passing on six dates during the month, though all involving small numbers (between one and two) except for seven on 1st and five on 3rd, with the final record of the year involving two on 7th.
Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Scarce migrant, though absent in some years
Two records this year, both in October. The first involved a smart male bird which was found at Pigstone Bay on 7th, while the second concerned a female type discovered on the end of the Wick the following day.
Snow Bunting, Pigstone Bay, 2015. J. Moss ©
Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Scarce breeder. Uncommon migrant
Present throughout the season, with five territories mapped across the island, this being an increase on three pairs in 2014. Peak spring count was six on 19th April, and was unlikely to have included migrants. First noted singing on 4th April, while the first fledglings were discovered on 25th June. Peak autumn counts included 15 on 13th, 16 on 14th, 19 on 19th, 17 on 20th, 18 on 27th and 15 on 28th October. Last recorded on 16th November.
Reed Bunting, North Valley 2015. J. Moss ©
*Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala Vagrant. Six previous records, last recorded 2014
One of the highlights of the season, and the second consecutive year in which this rare eastern bunting has been noted on Skomer. The record concerned a stonking male which was discovered by overnight guests at Wick Stream on 7th June, where it lingered until 8th (SR et. al.). The bird proved elusive during its stay (thwarting most who attempted to see it). This represents the 7th island record. Accepted by the BBRC.
Black-headed Bunting, Wick Stream, 2015. Sula Riedlinger ©
References
Stubbings, E.M., Büche, B.I., Wilson, A.,Green, R.A. & Wood, M.J. (2014). Skomer Seabird Report. Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales Büche, BI, Stubbings, EM, Boyle, D. and Perrins, CM, Yates, L. (2013) Seabird monitoring on Skomer Island in 2013.JNCC Report No.XXX Moss, J. (2014). Skomer Island Systematic List 2014. Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire.
Harris, S., Taylor, C. (2012). Skomer Island Systematic List 2012. Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire.
Taylor, C. (2011). Skomer NNR Bird Report 2011. Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire.
Taylor, C. (2010). Skomer NNR Bird Report 2010. Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire.
Milborrow, J. (2009). Skomer Island Bird Report 2009. Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales, Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire.
Jane Hodges (2016). Annual Surveillance of Choughs in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park in 2015.
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to all Skomer Island staff, short and long-term volunteers, researchers, crew of the Dale Princess and all overnight guests who contributed bird sighting to the nightly bird log. Also particular thanks to Eddie Stubbings who gave helpful comments and amendments to the report, as well as for writing the Migration Highlights and Leighton Newman who provided a write-up of what was a classic spring fall.