Flexible mimics Species Scientific name Family Classification Source Inland thornbill Acanthiza apicalis Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-rumped thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Armstrong 1963, Chisholm 1932, Chestnut-rumped heathwren Calamanthus (Hylacola) pyrrhopygius Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Rusty mouse-warbler Crateroscelis murina Acanthizidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Mountain mouse-warbler Crateroscelis robusta Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Brown gerygone Gerygone mouki Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Fernwren Oreoscopus gutturalis Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Rockwarbler Origma solitaria Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Speckled warbler Pyrrholaemus (Chthonicola) sagittatus Acanthizidae Flexible Simpson and Day 1993, Chisholm 1932, del Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Chisholm 1932, Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et Redthroat Pyrrholaemus brunneus Acanthizidae Flexible al 2011 Yellow-throated scrubwren Sericornis citreogularis Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Large-billed scrubwren Sericornis magnirostra Acanthizidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Paddyfield warbler Acrocephalus agricola Acrocephalidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007 Great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus Acrocephalidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007 African reed warbler Acrocephalus baeticatus Acrocephalidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Black-browed reed warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Acrocephalidae Flexible Hamao and Eda-Fujiwara 2004, Kelley et al 2008, del Hoyo et al 2011 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Thorpe 1969, del Hoyo et al Blyth's reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Acrocephalidae Flexible 2011 Aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola Acrocephalidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, Birdlife International 2018a Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Kelley et al 2008, Thorpe 1969, Lepage 2017, Turner 1929, Hindmarsh 1986, del Hoyo et al Marsh warbler Acrocephalus palustris Acrocephalidae Flexible 2011, Carnaby 2010, Dowsett-Lemaire 1979, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Turner 1929, Saxby 1874, Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Acrocephalidae Flexible Carnaby 2010 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Turner 1929, del Hoyo et al Eurasian reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Acrocephalidae Flexible 2011 Clamorous reed warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus Acrocephalidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Ferry 1977, Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, del Hoyo et al 2011, Adamian and Klem 1999, Fry et Icterine warbler Hippolais icterina Acrocephalidae Flexible al 2004 Melodious warbler Hippolais polyglotta Acrocephalidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, Ferry 1977 Thick-billed warbler Iduna aedon Acrocephalidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 White-winged lark Alauda (Melanocorypha) leucoptera Alaudidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis Alaudidae Flexible 2004 Oriental skylark Alauda gulgula Alaudidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Adamian and Klem 1999, Lesser short-toed lark Alaudala (Calandrella) rufescens Alaudidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Asian short-toed lark Alaudala cheleensis Alaudidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Sand lark Alaudala raytal Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Somali short-toed lark Alaudala somalica Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Hume's short-toed lark Calandrella acutirostris Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Greater short-toed lark Calandrella brachydactyla Alaudidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Red-capped lark Calandrella cinerea Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Erlanger's lark Calandrella erlangeri Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Fawn-colored lark Calendulauda africanoides Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Foxy lark Calendulauda alopex Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Macaulay library 2018, Fry et al Sabota lark Calendulauda sabota Alaudidae Flexible 2004 Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Tretzel 1965, Fry et al Crested lark Galerida cristata Alaudidae Flexible 2004 Sykes's Lark Galerida deva Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Macaulay Large-billed lark Galerida magnirostris Alaudidae Flexible library 2018, Fry et al 2004 Malabar lark Galerida malabarica Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Sun lark Galerida modesta Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Thekla lark Galerida theklae Alaudidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Woodlark Lullula arborea Alaudidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, Garamszegi et al 2007 Bimaculated lark Melanocorypha bimaculata Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Alexander 1927, del Hoyo et Calandra lark Melanocorypha calandra Alaudidae Flexible al 2011, Adamian and Klem 1999, Fry et al 2004 Tibetan lark Melanocorypha maxima Alaudidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Cape clapper lark Mirafra apiata Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Bengal bush lark Mirafra assamica Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Singing bush lark Mirafra cantillans Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Melodious lark Mirafra cheniana Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Kordofan lark Mirafra cordofanica Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Eastern clapper lark Mirafra fasciolata Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Red-winged lark Mirafra hypermetra Alaudidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Simpson and Day 1993, Chisholm 1932, Bourke 1947, del Hoyo et al Horsfield's bush lark Mirafra javanica Alaudidae Flexible 2011 Black-faced woodswallow Artamus cinereus Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Dusky woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 White-breasted woodswallowArtamus leucorynchus Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Great woodswallow Artamus maximus Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Little woodswallow Artamus minor Artamidae Flexible Slater 2009, del Hoyo et al 2011 White-browed woodswallow Artamus superciliosus Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Hooded butcherbird Cracticus cassicus Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Black-backed butcherbird Cracticus mentalis Artamidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Grey butcherbird Cracticus torquatus Artamidae Flexible Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Pollard 1930, del Hoyo et al 2011 Slater 2009, Kelley et al 2008, Pollard 1930, Robinson 1975, Thomson 1922, Robinson 1949, Kaplan 2003, Thorogood 1941, North Australian magpie Gymnorhina tibicen Artamidae Flexible 1909, del Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Armstrong 1963, Chisholm 1932, Robinson Rufous scrubbird Atrichornis rufescens Atrichornithidae Flexible 1973 Rose-breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus Cardinalidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, del Hoyo et al 2011 Scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea Cardinalidae Flexible Townsend 1924, Macaulay library 2018 Golden-fronted leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropseidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Orange-bellied leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii Chloropseidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Jerdon's leafbird Chloropsis jerdoni Chloropseidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Greater green leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati Chloropseidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-bellied Eremomela Eremomela icteropygialis Cisticolidae Flexible Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Woodhouse's (Western) scrubAphelocoma jay woodhouseii Corvidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Common green magpie Cissa chinensis Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos Corvidae Flexible Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, Bent 1947, del Hoyo et al 2011 Northern raven Corvus corax Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Carrion crow Corvus corone Corvidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Townsend 1924, Bent 1947, del Hoyo et al 2011, Macaulay library Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata Corvidae Flexible 2018 Steller's jay Cyanocitta stelleri Corvidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Macaulay library 2018 Plush-crested jay Cyanocorax chrysops Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Reich 2010 White-naped jay Cyanocorax cyanopogon Corvidae Flexible Costa et al 2012, del Hoyo et al 2011 Tufted jay Cyanocorax dickeyi Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Kittelson and Ghalambor 2014 Green jay Cyanocorax luxuosus Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Bornean treepie Dendrocitta cinerascens Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, Turner 1929, Goodwin 1956, Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Adamian and Klem 1999, Fry et al 2004 Black-headed jay Garrulus lanceolatus Corvidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Goodwin 1956, del Hoyo et al 2011 Grey jay Perisoreus canadensis Corvidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-billed magpie Pica nuttalli Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, Turner 1929, del Hoyo et al Eurasian magpie Pica pica Corvidae Flexible 2011 Red-billed blue magpie Urocissa erythroryncha Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-billed blue magpie Urocissa flavirostris Corvidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Sri Lanka Blue magpie Urocissa ornata Corvidae Flexible Ratnayake et al 2009, del Hoyo et al 2011 Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum Dicaeidae Flexible Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932 Flower et al 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Flower 2011, Fork-tailed drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruridae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Bronzed drongo Dicrurus aeneus Dicruridae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Shining drongo Dicrurus atripennis Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Balicassiao Dicrurus balicassius Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Spangled drongo Dicrurus bracteatus Dicruridae Flexible Slater 2009, Xenocanto 2018, Thorogood 1941, del Hoyo et al 2011 White-bellied drongo Dicrurus caerulescens Dicruridae Flexible Khacher 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Crested drongo Dicrurus forficatus Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Hair-crested drongo Dicrurus hottentottus Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Ashy drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Square-tailed drongo Dicrurus ludwigii Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Kelley et al 2008, Goodale and Kotagama 2006, del Greater racket-tailed drongo Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruridae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011 Lesser racket-tailed drongo Dicrurus remifer Dicruridae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 White-rimmed brush finch Atlapetes leucopis Emberizidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Bachman's sparrow Peucaea (Aimophila) aestivalis Emberizidae Flexible Murray et al 2004 Green-tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus Emberizidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Emberizidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Kelley et al 2008 Great rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla Fringillidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Kauai amakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri Fringillidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Protea canary Crithagra leucoptera Fringillidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Yellow-fronted canary Crithagra mozambica Fringillidae Flexible Carnaby 2010 Reichard's seedeater Crithagra reichardi Fringillidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Iiwi Drepanis coccinea Fringillidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-throated euphonia Euphonia hirundinacea Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Whitman 2016 Xenocanto 2018, Morton 1976, Remsen 1976, del Hoyo et al 2011, Thick-billed euphonia Euphonia laniirostris Fringillidae Flexible Isler and Isler 1987 Xenocanto 2018, Snow 1974, del Hoyo et al 2011, Macaulay library Violaceous euphonia Euphonia violacea Fringillidae Flexible 2018, Martinez 2014 Cassin's finch Haemorhous (Carpodacus) cassinii Fringillidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Macaulay library 2018 Red crossbill Loxia curvirostra Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007 Hawaii creeper Loxops mana Fringillidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Pine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator Fringillidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 European serin Serinus serinus Fringillidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, Hansen 1975 Greenish yellow finch Sicalis olivascens Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Lawrence's goldfinch Spinus (Carduelis) lawrencei Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Pine siskin Spinus (Carduelis) pinus Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Sibley 2009b, Mundinger 1970 Lesser goldfinch Spinus (Carduelis) psaltria Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Remsen et al 1982 Eurasian siskin Spinus (Carduelis) spinus Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, Mundinger 1970 American goldfinch Spinus (Carduelis) tristis Fringillidae Flexible Sibley 2009a, McGraw and Middleton 2017, Forbush 1929 Hooded siskin Spinus magellanicus Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Black-headed siskin Spinus notatus Fringillidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Xenocanto 2018, Townsend 1924, Sibley 2009a, Wootton 1996, del Purple finch Haemorhous (Carpodacus) purpureus Fringillidae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011, Macaulay library 2018 Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Icteridae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Yellow-rumped cacique Cacicus cela Icteridae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Corwin 2012 Solitary cacique Cacicus solitarius Icteridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Chopi blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi Icteridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Epaulet oriole Icterus cayanensis Icteridae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Fraga 1987, Macaulay library 2018 Venezuelan troupial Icterus icterus Icteridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Variable oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus Icteridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-billed shrike Corvinella corvina Laniidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Bull-headed shrike Lanius bucephalus Laniidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Southern/common fiscal Lanius collaris Laniidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, Red-backed shrike Lanius collurio Laniidae Flexible Blase 1960, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Brown shrike Lanius cristatus Laniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Garamszegi et al 2007, Forbush 1929, Atkinson 1997, del Hoyo et al Great grey shrike Lanius excubitor Laniidae Flexible 2011 Mackinnon's shrike Lanius mackinnoni Laniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Southern grey shrike Lanius meridionalis Laniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Adamian Lesser grey shrike Lanius minor Laniidae Flexible and Klem 1999, Macaulay library 2018, Fry et al 2004 Long-tailed shrike Lanius schach Laniidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al Woodchat shrike Lanius senator Laniidae Flexible 2004 Bay-backed shrike Lanius vittatus Laniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Orange-breasted LaughingthrushGarrulax annamensis Leiothrichidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Black-throated laughingthrushGarrulax chinensis Leiothrichidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Spot-breasted LaughingthrushGarrulax merulinus Leiothrichidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Spiny babbler Turdoides nipalensis Leiothrichidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 Grey longbill Macrosphenus concolor Macrosphenidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, Fry et al 2004 Bokmakierie Telophorus zeylonus Malaconotidae Flexible Carnaby 2010 Spiny-cheeked honeyeater Acanthagenys rufogularis Meliphagidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Regent honeyeater Anthochaera (Xanthomyza) phrygia Meliphagidae Flexible Simpson and Day 1993, del Hoyo et al 2011 Tui Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae Meliphagidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, del Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Kelley et al 2008, Robinson 1975, North 1909, Robinson 1973, Putland et al 2006, Albert's lyrebird Menura alberti Menuridae Flexible North 1906, Robinson 1974 Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Hindmarsh 1986, Kaplan 2003, North 1909, Robinson 1973, North 1906, Hindwood 1955, Macaulay library Superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae Menuridae Flexible 2018, Robinson 1974 Townsend 1924, Bent 1948, Forbush 1929, Weydemeyer 1929, del Grey catbird Dumetella carolinensis Mimidae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011, Macaulay library 2018 Blue mockingbird Melanotis caerulescens Mimidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018 Blue-and-white mockingbird Melanotis hypoleucus Mimidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Skutch 1950, del Hoyo et al 2011 Tropical mockingbird Mimus gilvus Mimidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Socorro mockingbird Mimus graysoni Mimidae Flexible Birdlife International 2018d Armstrong 1963, Kelley et al 2008, Townsend 1924, Bent 1948d, Forbush 1929, Davis 1940, Laskey 1944, Howard 1974, Dickey 1922, Whittle 1922, Wright 1921, Thorpe 1969, del Hoyo et al 2011, Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos Mimidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 Chalk-browed mockingbird Mimus saturninus Mimidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Chilean mockingbird Mimus thenca Mimidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 White-banded mockingbird Mimus triurus Mimidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus Mimidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Curve-billed thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre Mimidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Le Conte's thrasher Toxostoma lecontei Mimidae Flexible Sheppard 1970 Long-billed thrasher Toxostoma longirostre Mimidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 Ocellated thrasher Toxostoma ocellatum Mimidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018 California thrasher Toxostoma redivivum Mimidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Armstrong 1963, Townsend 1924, Bent 1948, Davis 1940, McAtee Brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum Mimidae Flexible 1940, del Hoyo et al 2011 Australian pipit Anthus australis Motacillidae Flexible Chisholm 1932 New Zealand pipit Anthus novaeseelandia Motacillidae Flexible Chisholm 1932 African pied wagtail Motacilla aguimp Motacillidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Lesser shortwing Brachypteryx leucophris Muscicapidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Siberian rubythroat Calliope (Luscinia) calliope Muscicapidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Firethroat Calliope pectardens Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Buff-streaked chat Campicoloides bifasciatus Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Karoo scrub robin Cercotrichas coryphoeus Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 (Eastern) Bearded scrub robinCercotrichas quadrivirgata Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Collared palm thrush Cichladusa arquata Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Spotted palm thrush Cichladusa guttata Muscicapidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Rufous-tailed palm thrush Cichladusa ruficauda Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Blue-fronted robin Cinclidium frontale Muscicapidae Flexible Clement and Rose 2015 Black shama Copsychus cebuensis Muscicapidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Armstrong 1963, Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, del Hoyo et al 2011, White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus Muscicapidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 Oriental magpie-robin Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Seychelles magpie-robin Copsychus sechellarum Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Snowy-crowned robin-chat Cossypha niveicapilla Muscicapidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Kelley et al 2008, Ferguson et al 2002, del Hoyo et Cape robin-chat Cossypha caffra Muscicapidae Flexible al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al Blue-shouldered robin-chat Cossypha cyanocampter Muscicapidae Flexible 2004 del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Macaulay library 2018, Harcus Chorister robin-chat Cossypha dichroa Muscicapidae Flexible 1977, Fry et al 2004 Ferguson et al 2002, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al White-browed robin-chat Cossypha heuglini Muscicapidae Flexible 2004 del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Adamian and Klem 1999, Fry et White-throated robin-chat Cossypha humeralis Muscicapidae Flexible al 2004 Red/rufous-capped robin-chatCossypha natalensis Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Grey-winged robin-chat Cossypha polioptera Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo Rüppell's robin-chat Cossypha semirufa Muscicapidae Flexible et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Blue-and-white flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana Muscicapidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Fraser's forest flycatcher Fraseria ocreata Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Garamszegi et al 2007, Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, del Hoyo et al Bluethroat Luscinia svecica Muscicapidae Flexible 2011, Fry et al 2004 Fiscal flycatcher Melaenornis silens Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Miombo rock thrush Monticola angolensis Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Short-toed rock thrush Monticola brevipes Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Cape rock thrush Monticola rupestris Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Common rock thrush Monticola saxatilis Muscicapidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Blue rock thrush Monticola solitarius Muscicapidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Nilgiri blue robin Myiomela major Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Arnott’s Chat Myrmecocichla arnotti Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Ant-eating chat Myrmecocichla formicivora Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Mountain wheatear Myrmecocichla monticola Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Sooty chat Myrmecocichla nigra Muscicapidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 White-fronted black chat Oenanthe albifrons Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Red-breasted wheatear Oenanthe bottae Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Finsch's wheatear Oenanthe finschii Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Brown rock chat Oenanthe fusca Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Fry et al 2004, Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al Black-eared wheatear Oenanthe hispanica Muscicapidae Flexible 2011 Isabelline wheatear Oenanthe isabellina Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Adamian and Klem 1999, Fry et al 2004 Mourning wheatear Oenanthe lugens Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Turner 1929, Saxby 1874, Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Variable wheatear Oenanthe picata Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Capped wheatear Oenanthe pileata Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby Pied wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka Muscicapidae Flexible 2010, Fry et al 2004 Kurdish wheatear Oenanthe xanthoprymna Muscicapidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Muscicapidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al Whinchat Saxicola rubetra Muscicapidae Flexible 2004 European stonechat Saxicola rubicola Muscicapidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018 African stonechat Saxicola torquatus Muscicapidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, Carnaby 2010 Mocking cliff chat Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris Muscicapidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Orange-breasted sunbird Anthobaphes violacea Nectariniidae Flexible Carnaby 2010 Socotra sunbird Chalcomitra balfouri Nectariniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Violet-breasted sunbird Cinnyris (Nectarinia) chalcomelas Nectariniidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Marico sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis Nectariniidae Flexible Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 White-bellied sunbird Cinnyris talatala Nectariniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Green-headed sunbird Cyanomitra verticalis Nectariniidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Western nicator Nicator chloris Nicatoridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Eastern nicator Nicator gularis Nicatoridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Black-headed oriole Oriolus larvatus Oriolidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Black-winged oriole Oriolus nigripennis Oriolidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Olive-backed oriole Oriolus sagittatus Oriolidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Australasian figbird Sphecotheres vieilloti Oriolidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Green figbird Sphecotheres viridis Oriolidae Flexible Slater 2009, Xenocanto 2018 Grey shrikethrush Colluricincla harmonica Pachycephalidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, del Hoyo et al 2011 Crested shriketit Falcunculus frontatus Pachycephalidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Chisholm 1932 Bare-throated Whistler Pachycephala nudigula Pachycephalidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Great tit Parus major Paridae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Kelley et al 2008 MacGillivray's warbler Geothlypis (Oporornis) tolmiei Parulidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018, Townsend 1924, Bent 1953b, Yellow-breasted chat Icteria virens Parulidae Flexible Forbush 1929 Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla Parulidae Flexible Sibley 2009a Blackburnian warbler Setophaga (Dendroica) fusca Parulidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 Chestnut-sided warbler Setophaga (Dendroica) pensylvanica Parulidae Flexible Townsend 1924, Forbush 1929 Chinspot Batis Batis molitor Platysteiridae Flexible Carnaby 2010 Pririt Batis Batis pririt Platysteiridae Flexible Carnaby 2010 White-lored gnatcatcher Polioptila albiloris Polioptilidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018, Bent 1949, del Hoyo et al Blue-grey gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea Polioptilidae Flexible 2011 Black-capped gnatcatcher Polioptila nigriceps Polioptilidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018 Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018, Kelley et al 2008, del Hoyo Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens Ptiliogonatidae Flexible et al 2011 Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Diamond 1982, del Hoyo et al Golden-fronted bowerbird Amblyornis flavifrons Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible 2011 Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Diamond 19B7, Cooper and Vogelkop bowerbird Amblyornis inornata Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Forshaw 1977, del Hoyo et al 2011 Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, del Macgregor's bowerbird Amblyornis macgregoriae Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011 Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, Frith Archbold's bowerbird Archboldia papuensis Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible et al 1996, Frith and Frith 1992, del Hoyo et al 2011 Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Robinson 1973, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, Madden 2008, del Hoyo et al Fawn-breasted bowerbird Chlamydera cerviniventris Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible 2011 Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, North 1909, Robinson 1973, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Robinson 1936, Bradley 1987, del Hoyo et Western bowerbird Chlamydera guttata Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible al 2011 Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, del Yellow-breasted bowerbird Chlamydera lauterbachi Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Kelley et al 2008, North 1909, Robinson 1973, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, Jackson 1912, Campbell 1901, del Spotted bowerbird Chlamydera maculata Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011 Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Kelley et al 2008, Thorogood 1941, Robinson 1973, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, Hopkins 1974, Frith and Frith 1990, del Hoyo et al Great bowerbird Chlamydera nuchalis Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, North 1909, Robinson 1973, Chisholm 1951, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, Chisholm and Chaffer 1956, Frith and Golden bowerbird Prionodura newtoniana Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Frith 2000, del Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Kelley et al 2008, North 1909, Robinson 1973, North 1906, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Loffredo and Borgia 1986, Pratt 1974, Marshall 1934, Satin bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Robinson 1974 Simpson and Day 1993, Chisholm 1932, North 1909, Robinson 1973, Chisholm 1951, Bourke and Austin 1947, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, Frith and McGuire 1996, Frith Tooth-billed bowerbird Scenopoeetes dentirostris Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible and Frith 1994, Marshall 1951, del Hoyo et al 2011 Fire-maned bowerbird Sericulus bakeri Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Marshall 1954, del Hoyo et al 2011 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Robinson 1973, Chisholm 1951, Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004, Cooper and Forshaw 1977, del Regent bowerbird Sericulus chrysocephalus Ptilonorhynchidae Flexible Hoyo et al 2011 White-browed bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus Pycnonotidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 White-spectacled bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos Pycnonotidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Samoan fantail Rhipidura nebulosa Rhipiduridae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Dusky crested flycatcher Elminia nigromitrata Stenostiridae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Crested myna Acridotheres cristatellus Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al Common myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Flexible 2004 Yellow-eyed starling Aplonis mystacea Sturnidae Flexible Lepage 2017 Polynesian starling Aplonis tabuensis Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Purple-headed starling Hylopsar purpureiceps Sturnidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Cape starling Lamprotornis nitens Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Rüppell's starling Lamprotornis purpuroptera Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Splendid starling Lamprotornis splendidus Sturnidae Flexible Fry et al 2004 Black-bellied starling Notopholia corrusca Sturnidae Flexible Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 White-headed starling Sturnia erythropygia Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Brahminy starling Sturnus pagodarum Sturnidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al Spotless starling Sturnus unicolor Sturnidae Flexible 2004 Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, Kelley et al 2008, Thorpe 1969, Turner 1929, Hindmarsh 1986, Saxby 1874, Thomson 1922, Alexander 1927, Tretzel 1965, Townsend 1924, Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry Common starling Sturnus vulgaris Sturnidae Flexible et al 2004 Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Sylviidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, Fry et al 2004 Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Tretzel Garden warbler Sylvia borin Sylviidae Flexible 1966 Common whitethroat Sylvia communis Sylviidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, Köpke 1970 Western orphean warbler Sylvia hortensis Sylviidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, Fry et al 2004 Cyprus warbler Sylvia melanothorax Sylviidae Flexible Fry et al 2004, Garamszegi et al 2007 Chestnut-vented warbler Sylvia subcaerulea Sylviidae Flexible Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Rusty-collared seedeater Sporophila collaris Thraupidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Areta and Repenning 2011, Moschione 1989 Xenocanto 2018, Thomas 1996, del Hoyo et al 2011, Areta and Grey seedeater Sporophila intermedia Thraupidae Flexible Repenning 2011 Tooth-billed wren Odontorchilus cinereus Troglodytidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Schulenberg 2015 Carolina wren Thryothorus lucovicianus Troglodytidae Flexible Bent 1948b, Forbush 1929 Orange-headed thrush Geokichla citrina Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Khacher 2007 Orange ground thrush Geokichla gurneyi Turdidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, Carnaby 2010 Spotted ground thrush Geokichla guttata Turdidae Flexible Carnaby 2010 Abyssinian thrush Turdus abyssinicus Turdidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 Yellow-legged thrush Turdus flavipes Turdidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Hardy and Parker 1985, del Hoyo et al 2011 Hauxwell's thrush Turdus hauxwelli Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Black thrush Turdus infuscatus Turdidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, Lepage 2017, del Hoyo et al 2011, Hardy and Parker Lawrence's thrush Turdus lawrencii Turdidae Flexible 1997, Remsen et al 1982 Pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas Turdidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Pale-eyed thrush Turdus leucops Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Kurrichane thrush Turdus libonyana Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Groundscraper thrush Turdus litsitsirupa Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Heinroth and Heinroth 1958, Common blackbird Turdus merula Turdidae Flexible Tretzel 1965, Tretzel 1967, Adamian and Klem 1999, Fry et al 2004 American robin Turdus migratorius Turdidae Flexible Sibley 2011, Forbush 1929, Macaulay library 2018 Olive thrush Turdus olivaceus Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al African thrush Turdus pelios Turdidae Flexible 2004 Song thrush Turdus philomelos Turdidae Flexible Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, Turner 1929, Tretzel 1965 Chestnut thrush Turdus rubrocanus Turdidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus Turdidae Flexible Garamszegi et al 2007, Fry et al 2004 Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018, Townsend 1924, Forbush White-eyed vireo Vireo griseus Vireonidae Flexible 1929, del Hoyo et al 2011 Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus Vireonidae Flexible Townsend 1924, Forbush 1929, Rice 1978a&b White-chested white-eye Zosterops albogularis Zosteropidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Reunion grey white-eye Zosterops borbonicus Zosteropidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018 Silvereye Zosterops lateralis Zosteropidae Flexible Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932, del Hoyo et al 2011 Black-capped speirops Zosterops lugubris Zosteropidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011 Mauritius grey white-eye Zosterops mauritianus Zosteropidae Flexible Macaulay library 2018 African yellow white-eye Zosterops senegalensis Zosteropidae Flexible Xenocanto 2018, Macaulay library 2018 Cape white-eye Zosterops virens Zosteropidae Flexible del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004

Other mimics (narrow and unknown) Species Scientific name Family Classification Source Western thornbill Acanthiza inornata Acanthizidae Incidental Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, del Hoyo et al 2011 Brown thornbill Acanthiza pusilla Acanthizidae Incidental Slater 2009, Armstrong 1963 Slaty-backed thornbill Acanthiza robustirostris Acanthizidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Shy heathwren Calamanthus cautus Acanthizidae Incidental Simpson and Day 1993, Slater 2009, Armstrong 1963 Pilotbird Pycnoptilus floccosus Acanthizidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 White-browed scrubwren Sericornis frontalis Acanthizidae Incidental Slater 2009, Chisholm 1932 Moustached warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon Acrocephalidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, Lepage 2017 Manchurian reed warbler Acrocephalus tangorum Acrocephalidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Upcher's warbler Hippolais languida Acrocephalidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris Alaudidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, Tretzel 1965 Black lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Alaudidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Rufous-naped lark Mirafra africana Alaudidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Masked woodswallow Artamus personatus Artamidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Pied butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis Artamidae Incidental Slater 2009, del Hoyo et al 2011 Noisy scrubbird Atrichornis clamosus Atrichornithidae Incidental Slater 2009, Robinson 1973 Short-toed treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla Certhiidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Garamszegi et al 2007, Thielcke 1965, Thielcke 1972, del Hoyo et al Eurasian treecreeper Certhia familiaris Certhiidae Incidental 2011 Green-backed camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura Cisticolidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Grey-backed camaroptera Camaroptera brevicaudata Cisticolidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Western jackdaw Coloeus monedula Corvidae Incidental Armstrong 1963, Turner 1929 White-necked raven Corvus albicollis Corvidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Rook Corvus frugilegus Corvidae Incidental Armstrong 1963 Azure jay Cyanocorax caerulens Corvidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Brady 2010 Inca jay Cyanocorax yncas Corvidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 White-bellied treepie Dendrocitta leucogastra Corvidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Spotted nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes Corvidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Black-billed magpie Pica hudsonia Corvidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Eastern bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Dasyornithidae Incidental Chisholm 1932 Grand comoro drongo Dicrurus fuscipennis Dicruridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Sri Lanka drongo Dicrurus lophorinus Dicruridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Velvet-mantled drongo Dicrurus modestus Dicruridae Incidental Fry et al 2004 Mayotte drongo Dicrurus waldenii Dicruridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-breasted bunting Emberiza aureola Emberizidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Corn bunting Emberiza calandra Emberizidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Rock bunting Emberiza cia Emberizidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Cirl bunting Emberiza cirlus Emberizidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Emberizidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Emberizidae Incidental Bertram 1970, Williams and MacRoberts 1977 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Emberizidae Incidental Townsend 1924, Catchpole and Baptista 1988 Red fox sparrow Passerella iliaca Emberizidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 White-throated seedeater Sporophila albogularis Emberizidae Incidental Areta and Repenning 2011 Plumbeous seedeater Sporophila plumbea Emberizidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Areta and Repenning 2011 White-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Emberizidae Incidental Macaulay library 2018 Zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata Estrildidae Incidental Bertram 1970 Black siskin Carduelis atrata Fringillidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Fringillidae Incidental Armstrong 1963 Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Fringillidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 European greenfinch Chloris chloris Fringillidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, Hindmarsh 1986, Guttinger 1977 White-throated canary Crithagra albogularis Fringillidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Black-throated canary Crithagra atrogularis Fringillidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Thick-billed seedeater Crithagra burtoni Fringillidae Incidental Macaulay library 2018 Yellow canary Crithagra flaviventris Fringillidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Streaky-headed seedeater Crithagra gularis Fringillidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Rufous-bellied euphonia Euphonia rufiventris Fringillidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Orange-bellied euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Fringillidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Fringillidae Incidental Thielcke 1965, Hansen 1975 Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Fringillidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus Fringillidae Incidental Baptista 1972 Parrot crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus Fringillidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Palila Loxioides bailleui Fringillidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Eurasian bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Fringillidae Incidental Nicolai 1959 Olivaceous siskin Spinus olivaceus Fringillidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Laysan finch Telespiza cantans Fringillidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Golden-winged cacique Cacicus chrysopterus Icteridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Orange-crowned oriole Icterus auricapillus Icteridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Hooded oriole Icterus cucullatus Icteridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula Icteridae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Campo troupial Icterus jamacaii Icteridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow oriole Icterus nigrogularis Icteridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Orchard oriole Icterus spurius Icteridae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Screaming cowbird Molothrus rufoaxillaris Icteridae Incidental de Marsico et al 2012, del Hoyo et al 2011 Green oropendola Psarocolius viridis Icteridae Incidental Gould 1865 Carib grackle Quiscalus lugubris Icteridae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Great-tailed grackle Quiscalus mexicanus Icteridae Incidental Macaulay library 2018 Eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna Icteridae Incidental Goodale and Kotagama 2006, Lanyon 1957 Western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Icteridae Incidental Bertram 1970, Lanyon 1957 Isabelline shrike Lanius isabellinus Laniidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Buffy laughingthrush Garrulax berthemyi Leiothrichidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Chestnut-eared LaughingthrushGarrulax konkakinhensis Leiothrichidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Chestnut-backed laughingthrushGarrulax nuchalis Leiothrichidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 River warbler Locustella fluviatilis Locustellidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Common grasshopper warblerLocustella naevia Locustellidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Rockrunner Achaetops pycnopygius Macrosphenidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Southern boubou Laniarius ferrugineus Malaconotidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Little wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 New Zealand bellbird Anthornis melanura Meliphagidae Incidental Armstrong 1963, del Hoyo et al 2011 White-bellied honeyeater Glycifohia (Phylidonyris) notabilis Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Grey-eared honeyeater Lichmera incana Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-throated miner Manorina flavigula Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Mimic honeyeater Meliphaga analoga Meliphagidae Incidental Lepage 2017, Birdlife International 2018c White-plumed honeyeater Ptilotula (Lichenostomus) penicillata Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 White-fronted honeyeater Purnella (Phylidonyris) albifrons Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Streak-headed honeyeater Pycnopygius stictocephalus Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Tawny straightbill Timeliopsis griseigula Meliphagidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Crissal thrasher Toxostoma crissale Mimidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Japanese paradise flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata Monarchidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Olive-backed pipit Anthus hodgsoni Motacillidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis Motacillidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Tree pipit Anthus trivialis Motacillidae Incidental Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007 Cape longclaw Macronyx capensis Motacillidae Incidental Fry et al 2004 Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Rufous-tailed scrub robin Cercotrichas galactotes Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 White-browed scrub robin Cercotrichas leucophrys Muscicapidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Kalahari scrub robin Cercotrichas paena Muscicapidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Madagascan magpie-robin Copsychus albospecularis Muscicapidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 White-crowned shama Copsychus stricklandii Muscicapidae Incidental Armstrong 1963, Xenocanto 2018 White-tailed flycatcher Cyornis concretus Muscicapidae Incidental Macaulay library 2018 European robin Erithacus rubecula Muscicapidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, Hansen 1975, Haavie et al 2004 Mugimaki flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki Muscicapidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Narcissus flycatcher Ficedula narcissina Muscicapidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018 Red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 White-throated robin Irania gutturalis Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, Adamian and Klem 1999, Oately 1969 Thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, Adamian and Klem 1999, del Hoyo et al 2011 Common nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Southern black flycatcher Melaenornis pammelaina Muscicapidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Sentinel rock thrush Monticola explorator Muscicapidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Little Rock Thrush Monticola rufocinereus Muscicapidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Forest rock thrush Monticola sharpei Muscicapidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Blue whistling thrush Myophonus caeruleus Muscicapidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Herero chat Namibornis herero Muscicapidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 White-crowned wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Black wheatear Oenanthe leucura Muscicapidae Incidental Garamszegi et al 2007 Güldenstädt's redstart Phoenicurus erythrogastrus Muscicapidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Eversmann's redstart Phoenicurus erythronotus Muscicapidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Muscicapidae Unknown Armstrong 1963, Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Brown-chested alethe Pseudalethe (Alethe) poliocephala Muscicapidae Unknown Fry et al 2004 Red-throated alethe Pseudalethe (Alethe) poliophrys Muscicapidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Palestine sunbird Cinnyris (Nectarinia) osea Nectariniidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007, del Hoyo et al 2011 Johanna's sunbird Cinnyris (Nectarinia) johannae Nectariniidae Unknown Fry et al 2004 Beautiful sunbird Cinnyris (Nectarinia) pulchellus Nectariniidae Unknown Macaulay library 2018 African golden oriole Oriolus auratus Oriolidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Chowchilla Orthonyx spaldingii Orthonychidae Unknown Chisholm 1951, Courke and Austin 1947 Australian golden whistler Pachycephala pectoralis Pachycephalidae Unknown Bedford 1954 Queen Carola's Parotia Parotia carolae Paradisaeidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 King of Saxony bird-of-paradisePteridophora alberti Paradisaeidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Dusky tit Melaniparus (Parus) funereus Paridae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011, Fry et al 2004 Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Parulidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018, Bent 1953a, Forbush 1929 Cerulean warbler Setophaga (Dendroica) cerulea Parulidae Unknown Boves et al 2010 Yellow-rumped warbler Setophaga (Dendroica) coronata Parulidae Unknown Townsend 1924 Prairie warbler Setophaga (Dendroica) discolor Parulidae Unknown Townsend 1924 Black-throated green warbler Setophaga (Dendroica) virens Parulidae Unknown Townsend 1924, Forbush 1929 Large-footed finch Pezopetes capitalis Passerellidae Unknown Baldwin 2013 Southern grey-headed sparrowPasser diffusus Passeridae Unknown Carnaby 2010 House sparrow Passer domesticus Passeridae Unknown Hansen 1975, Forbush 1929, Conradi 1905 Striated wren-babbler Ptilocichla mindanensis Pellorneidae Unknown Macaulay library 2018 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Phylloscopidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Greenish warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Phylloscopidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Phylloscopidae Unknown Gwinner and Dorka 1965 Cuban Gnatcatcher Polioptila lembeyei Polioptilidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Long-tailed silky-flycatcher Ptilogonys caudatus Ptiliogonatidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Green catbird Ailuroedus crassirostris Ptilonorhynchidae Unknown Marshall 1954 Streaked bowerbird Amblyornis subalaris Ptilonorhynchidae Unknown Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004 Flame bowerbird Sericulus ardens Ptilonorhynchidae Unknown Marshall 1954 Masked bowerbird Sericulus aureus Ptilonorhynchidae Unknown Marshall 1954, Frith and Frith 2004 Cape bulbul Pycnonotus capensis Pycnonotidae Unknown Carnaby 2010 White-eared bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis Pycnonotidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Dark-capped bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor Pycnonotidae Unknown Carnaby 2010 Ruby-crowned kinglet Regulus calendula Regulidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Common firecrest Regulus ignicapilla Regulidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007, Becker 1977 Goldcrest Regulus regulus Regulidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007, Becker 1977 White-bellied crested flycatcherElminia albiventris Stenostiridae Unknown Fry et al 2004 White-tailed crested flycatcherElminia albonotata Stenostiridae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Grey-capped warbler Eminia lepida Stenostiridae Unknown Fry et al 2004 Chestnut (red)-cheeked starlingAgropsar (Sturnus) philippensis Sturnidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Daurian (Purple-backed) starlingAgropsar (Sturnus) sturninus Sturnidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Violet-backed starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster Sturnidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010, Fry et al 2004 Wattled starling Creataphora cinerea Sturnidae Unknown Fry et al 2004 Sri Lanka hill myna Gracula ptilogenys Sturnidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Armstrong 1963, Thorpe 1969, Hansen 1975, Archawaranon 2005, del Common hill myna Gracula religiosa Sturnidae Unknown Hoyo et al 2011, Birdlife International 2018b Pied myna Gracupica (Sturnus) contra Sturnidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Yellow-faced myna Mino dumontii Sturnidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Subalpine warbler Sylvia cantillans Sylviidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca Sylviidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007, Adamian and Klem 1999, Köpke 1970 Barred warbler Sylvia nisoria Sylviidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Rüppell's warbler Sylvia ruppeli Sylviidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Dartford warbler Sylvia undata Sylviidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Green-chinned euphonia Euphonia chalybea Thraupidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Chestnut-bellied euphonia Euphonia pectoralis Thraupidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Red-crested cardinal Paroaria coronata Thraupidae Incidental Linn et al 2015 Fawn-breasted tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Thraupidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011, Gonzales et al 2015 Silver-beaked tanager Ramphocelus carbo Thraupidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Caqueta seedeater Sporophila murallae Thraupidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 White-collared seedeater Sporophila torqueola Thraupidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Canyon wren Catherpes mexicanus Troglodytidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Grey-mantled wren Odontorchilus branickii Troglodytidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Whiskered wren Pheugopedius (Thryothorus) mystacalis Troglodytidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 House wren Troglodytes aedon Troglodytidae Unknown Tubaro 1991, Murray 1944 Eurasian wren Troglodytes troglodytes Troglodytidae Unknown Turner 1929 Sulawesi thrush Cataponera turdoides Turdidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 White-throated thrush Turdus assimilis Turdidae Unknown Macaulay library 2018 Japanese thrush Turdus cardis Turdidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Black-breasted thrush Turdus dissimilis Turdidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Austral thrush Turdus falcklandii Turdidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018, del Hoyo et al 2011 Chestnut-bellied thrush Turdus fulviventris Turdidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Clay-colored thrush Turdus grayi Turdidae Unknown Macaulay library 2018 White-eyed thrush Turdus jamaicensis Turdidae Unknown Macaulay library 2018 Red-legged thrush Turdus plumbeus Turdidae Unknown Larsen 2011 Mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus Turdidae Unknown Garamszegi et al 2007 Tylas vanga Tylas eduardi Vangidae Unknown Macaulay library 2018 Xenocanto 2018, Kelley et al 2008, Putland et al 2006, Payne et al Village indigobird Vidua chalybeata Viduidae Incidental 1998, DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Xenocanto 2018, DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011, Zambezi indigobird Vidua codringtoni Viduidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Straw-tailed whydah Vidua fischeri Viduidae Incidental Payne et al 1998, DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011 Xenocanto 2018, DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011, Dusky indigobird Vidua funerea Viduidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Steel-blue whydah Vidua hypocherina Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Exclamatory paradise whydahVidua interjecta Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Barka indigobird Vidua larvaticola Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Jos plateau indigobird Vidua maryae Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Quailfinch indigobird Vidua nigeriae Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Broad-tailed paradise whydahVidua obtusa Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Sahel paradise whydah Vidua orientalis Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, Payne 1973, del Hoyo et al 2011, Long-tailed paradise whydah Vidua paradisaea Viduidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Xenocanto 2018, DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011, Purple indigobird Vidua purpurascens Viduidae Incidental Carnaby 2010 Jambandu indigobird Vidua raricola Viduidae Incidental Xenocanto 2018, DaCosta and Sorenson 2014, del Hoyo et al 2011 Shaft-tailed whydah Vidua regia Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011, Carnaby 2010 Togo paradise whydah Vidua togoensis Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Wilson's indigobird Vidua wilsoni Viduidae Incidental del Hoyo et al 2011 Black-whiskered vireo Vireo altiloquus Vireonidae Unknown Xenocanto 2018 Yellow-throated vireo Vireo flavifrons Vireonidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011 Philadelphia vireo Vireo philadelphicus Vireonidae Unknown del Hoyo et al 2011