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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi^om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fiice, while others may be fi’om any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fi-om left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infonnation Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313^61-4700 800/521-0600 QUANTIFIERS AND PFF-INTERROGATIVES IN THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Eun Jung Yoo, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1997 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Carl J. Pollard, Adviser Robert T. Kasper A dviser Robert D. Levine Department of Linguistics UMI Number: 9801828 Copyright 1997 by Yoo, Eun Jung All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9801828 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 © Copyright by Eun Jung Yoo 1997 ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with quantifiers and wA-interrogatives, and provide a uni­ fied account of scope for both quantificational noun phrases and inA-phrases. Within transformational grammar, it has been generally assumed that logical form is repre­ sented in a separate level of syntactic representation, and scope of quantificational NPs and wA-phrases are determined by movement of such phrases (viz. quantifier rais­ ing and lüA-movement). We propose an alternative, non-movement-based approach to quantifier and interrogative scope within Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). Our theory of quantifier scope is an extended and revised version of Pollard & Sag’s (1994) theory that utilizes Cooper’s (1983) quantifier storage mechanism. The account of narrow scope quantification in raising verb constructions, unbounded de­ pendency constructions, and postnominal adjuncts has been problematic in the earlier HPSG approach. By lexicalizing quantifier storage, we offer solutions to the account of these phonomena. Our account of wA-interrogatives is based on the revised quantifier scope theory. We propose that wh-scope in a syntactic wA-movement language like English requires a syntactic licensing constraint on the retrieval of a stored wA-operator. Interrogative scope in various other types of syntactic u/A-movement languages is explained in terms of different syntactic licensing conditions on wA-retrieval. ii Scoping of in-situ w/i-phrases are also taken into account. After pointing out some problems with movement-based approaches to wh-in-situ languages, we show how our theory extends to an account of languages such as Korean in which wA-questions are indicated by question marker. Ill Dedicated to my family IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express deepest gratitude to Carl Pollard who guided, inspired, and encouraged me throughout my graduate study. He was certainly much more than an academic advisor to me. From the very beginning of this study, 1 have been tremendously influenced by his enormous knowledge, keen insights, and perspectives on how we should do linguistics. Not a single part of this dissertation could have come about without his invaluable suggestions and detailed comments offerered in the countless discussions that I had with him. I also would like to thank the other members of my dissertation committee. Bob Kasper and Bob Levine, for their comments and discussions. Bob Kasper not only made detailed comments that results in various improvements on this dissertation, but also helped me to incorporate his proposals on adjuncts by pointing out potential probelms and making suggestions. My thanks also go to Peter Culicover and Craige Roberts who gave me comments on my dissertation proposal and directed me towards certain issues at the early stage of this study. I learned a great deal in the syntax and semantics classes that I had with them. I am grateful to Mike Cahill, Steve Hartman Keiser, and Robert Poletto for their help on English data, Chan Chung, Qian Gao, Svetlana Godjevac, and Jae-Hak Yoon on syntax and semantics related matters, and especially Mike Calcagno, Nick Cipol- V lone, and Karin Golde for both kinds of help. I also cannot forget other fellow students for their friendship; Gwang-Yoon Goh, Stefanie Jannedy, Hyeon-Seok Kang, Hyeree Kim, No-Ju Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Laurie Maynell, Panes Pappas, Frederick Parkinson, Michelle Ramos-Pellicia, and Andy Saperstein. I appreciate the financial support from the Department of Linguistics during my graduate study, and the great leader­ ship of Department Chair, Brian Joseph. I also thank Carl Pollard, Bob Levine, and Bob Kasper for funding me under their National Science Foundation grant for two quarters. I have greatly benefited from discussions, comments, and encouragement from many outside people, in particular, Bob Carpenter, Erhard Hinrichs, Shalom Lappin, Ivan Sag. Special thanks go to Andreas Kathol who discussed with me many of the ideas developed here at their early stage. He also provided me with a number of helpful tips for using LaTex for the dissertation. I also wish to express deep appreciation toward my former teachers at Seoul Na­ tional University: professors Choon-Hak Cho, In-Sook Kim, Nahm-Sheik Park, and Dong-Whee Yang for their warm encouragement and moral support. Finally, I would like to send my hearty appreciation to my parents without whom none of this would have been possible. I also thank my parents-in-law for their support and encouragement. My graduate study got started right after our marriage, and during all the years I got enormous support from my husband, Sang-Ki Hong. I wish to give special thanks to my daughter, Sukyoon, for being such a nice girl even without Mommy’s full care. VI VITA August 30, 1997 ............................................... Born - Seoul, Korea 1987 ...................................................................B.A. English Language and Literature, Seoul National University 1989 ...................................................................M.A. English Language and Literature, Seoul National University 1990 - 1996 .......................................................Graduate Teaching and Research Associate, The Ohio State University. PUBLICATIONS Research Publications 1. Pollard, Carl and Eun Jung Yoo. to appear. A Unified Theory of Scope for Quan­ tifiers and W^-Phrases. Journal Linguistics. 2. Yoo, Eun Jung. 1996. Interpretation of Korean Temporal Markers -ESS and - NUN. In Andreas Kathol and Jae-Hak Yoon, eds.. Papers in Semantics., Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 49. 137-157. 3. Yoo, Eun Jung. 1995. Raising Verbs and Case Marking in Korean. In Chungmin Lee, ed.. Interfaces in Korean Linguistics. 69-85. 4. Yoo, Eun Jung. 1995. Wh-Phrases and Their Quantification in Korean. In Susumu Kuno et al. eds.. Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics VI. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University & Seoul: Hanshin. 458-473. 5. Yoo, Eun Jung. 1993. Temporal Interpretation of Korean without Tense Rules. In Andreas Kathol and Michael Bernstein, eds.. Proceedings of the Tenth Eastern States Conference on Linguistics. 381-392. vii 6. Yoo, Eun Jung. 1993- Subcategorization and Case Marking in Korean. In Andreas Kathol and Carl Pollard, eds.. Papers in Syntax, Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 42. 178-198. 7. Yoo, Eun Jung. 1989. Small Clause Constructions in English. MA Thesis, Seoul National University. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Linguistics Studies in Syntax, Semantics, and Morphology: vui TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A bstract....................................................................................................................... ii D edication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... v V i t a ............................................................................................................................. vii Chapters: 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ I 1.1 Overview of the th e s is..........................................................................
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