"I believe" and "consubstantial" in "for all" rather than "for many". Yet the Latin is Looking forward: the Creed indeed pro multis, "for many". In the accounts of the in the Gospels of Mark and unity and participation In the present English translation of the Missal Matthew Jesus said "for many" at the Last the Creed begins with the words "We believe.' Supper, and the liturgical usage in the Roman We should all look forward to praying with these In the new translation it begins in the singular: Rite has traditionally been ''for many". The newly-translated prayers, even though it may "I believe". ,"I believe", is how it begins in Church does not understand this expression not be easy for many of us to change from what the Latin of the , and this use of to mean that there are some people for whom we have become used to. We will be helped the singular has long been the Church's custom Christ did not shed his blood. In fact it is a by the fact that some parts of the are for the liturgical use of the Creed. The change to dogma of faith that Christ died on the cross for changing only slightly and others, such as the the plural, "We believe", in the present English all men and women (cf. in 11:52; 2 Cor 5:14-15; "Lamb of God", are not changing at all. We can translation is something of an anomaly in Tit 2:11; 1 in 2:2). The expression "for many", be confident that in praying our English prayers liturgical usage. While it is certainly not wrong to found in the Gospels, expresses the reality that at Mass we will be united in the expression of say that collectively in the Church "we believe', the believer is invited to accept in faith the gift our faith with the billion Catholics around the at this point of the Mass we are each giving our of salvation that is being offered, so as to be world who use the same in their individual assent, "I believe', to the truths of numbered among the "many". own languages or in Latin. Above all, we should Faith expressed in the Creed. become more aware that in celebrating the "Lord, I am not worthy" liturgy the Church — which is the Mystical Body Also, in the new translation "consubstantial with of Christ — is joined with Christ and speaks with the Father replaces the expression "of one Being The new English translation of the prayer "Lord, his voice to our Father. with the Father". The nature of the relationship I am not worthy" which we say just before Holy between God the Father and God the Son, and says: As we rise to the challenges of using the new the truth of the Son's divinity, are most important Lord, I am not worthy English translation of the Roman Missal, may aspects of the Christian faith, and Councils such we all discover the joy and the blessing of as Nicaea (325) and Chalcedon (451) were held that you should enter under my roof, participating more fully, more consciously, more to address these questions and to discern and but only say the word actively, in the liturgy. express the orthodox belief of the Church. The 'Vatican Council II: Dogmatic Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, difficulty in expressing in an acceptable way and my soul shall be healed. Secrosanclum Concrlium, 4 December 1983, ad. 36. the relationship between God the Father and This is an example of how the new translation ' Consilium for Implementing the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy: God the Son required the Church to give new highlights the words of Scripture embedded Instruction Come to pahrori - On the translation of liturgical texts subtleties of meaning to existing Greek and for celebrations with a congregation, 25 January 1969. in the Latin prayers of the Missal, for the first Latin words. The expression "of one Being part of this prayer is exactly the words spoken Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the with the Father" in the current translation is not Sacraments: Fifth Instruction for the Right Implementation of the to Jesus by the Roman centurion with a sick Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy of the always thought to convey the meaning of the servant in Matthew 8:8, and the second part (Sacrosanarm ConcdWm art, 36), Liturgiam Aulhergicara - On the Latin consubstantialis (nor indeed the original use of Languages in the Publication of the Books of the simply changes the centurions "my servant" into Roman Liturgy, 28 March 2001. Greek hompousios) in an adequate way. The "my soul". We speak to the Lord with the words reality is that some Latin words have meanings "cf. Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sac- of Scripture, imitating the centurion's faith in the raments: Letter •On the Translation of Pro Mugis". 17 October 2006. which are simply not readily translatable into goodness and power of Christ to heal and save. English. The metaphysical concepts Questions for of "essence", "being' and 'substance', of which The Opening Prayers or "", consubstantialis speaks, are themselves not and other prayers prayed by the reflection straightforward. In fact, those English words priest 1.What do you think the benefits of the new are easily misunderstood because their translation will be? theological meaning is not exactly the same as Among the most distinctive features of the their conversational meaning. "Consubstantial', Roman Rite of Mass that has been handed down 2.How long will it take for people to get used 'of one substance", has a genuine and distinct to us are the prayers known as "Collects" which to the changes? theological meaning. it is not a common word in are prayed by the priest. These are the opening English, but it is used in the Creed to identify and prayers of the Mass, after the introductory rites. 3.Do you think the changes will draw people express a unique relationship and an important The prayers over the offerings and the prayers more deeply into the Mass? point of doctrine. after Holy Communion are of a similar style. 4. How can the new translations assist At the Consecration: "Poured out for The great majority of these prayers in the post- with the Church's mission of many" Vatican II Roman Missal are hundreds of years evangelisation? old, reaching as far back as the eighth century One of the more noteworthy changes is found and more. They have a dignified and formal Fr Don Richardson is the Director of the Liturgy in the Eucharistic Prayers, at the very words of style which, however, is not that usual in modern Office for the Archdiocese of Sydney and Parish Consecration of the Precious Blood. These will speech. The English translation done in the 1970s Priest of Holy Cross Church, Woollahra. be: tended to paraphrase these prayers and shorten IL LITURGY OFFICE them. Unfortunately, this led to a loss of some Catholic A rchtilarse of Sydney Take this, all of you, and drink from it, of their spiritually rich and stimulating content 71— and their distinctively respectful attitude. Taking for this is the of my Blood, Liturgy Office Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney into account the Church's growing awareness of the Blood of the new and eternal what we were missing out on, the new English www.liturgy.sydneycatholic.org covenant translation seeks to hand on, to the extent that (02) 9390 5801 which will be poured out for you and our language can reasonably manage, the full for many style and content of these important liturgical Free resource prayers. As a result, they are often made up of a To download a free resource that compares the 2002 for the forgiveness of sins. series of ideas linked together by commas. We Latin text, earlier English translations and some of Mass Translation Do this in memory of me. should soon get used to their style and they will the more significant changes in the new English reward attentive listening. translation, please visit www.caec.com.autinform In the present translation we are used to hearing Same Mass, Deeper Meaning CAEC Postal Locked Bag 888 Silverwater DC NSW 1811 Street 3 Keating St Lidcombe 2141 CA HOLIC Email [email protected] Phone (02) 9646 9010 Fax (02) 9646 9090 Web www.caec.com.au In 2011 we begin using a new English translation of the Roman Missal, which is the official book containing the prayers and ceremonies AMU E DUCATLON CENTRE INFORM - 50c per copy. Single subscription $10 per year within Australia, 6 issues annually. Single copy of every back issue of INFORM still of the Mass. Naturally, Catholics will want to know why this new translation has come about and what some of its benefits and challenges 0 Photocopying Prohibited in print • $40 per set. Contact us on the details above for orders and details. 132 might be. This edition of Inform is dedicated to considering these questions. Published with ecclesiastical approval /f 2011 CAEC / EDITOR Fr John Flader I DESIGN Natalie Marguritta T Finally, the English-language version of the new Therefore, when the Third Edition of the Roman Roman Missal was introduced in 1974. That Missal was published in 2002 it needed to be Missal was translated from the Latin original translated into vernacular languages using the Lord, I am not worthy that you should Looking back according to a style and method of translation revised methods proposed in the Instruction authorised by the in a document known Liturgiam Authenticam. This has led to a new Perhaps many of us have become so used to prevolt '1 issued in 1969. The English translation that often sounds quite enter under my roof but only say the Mass being in English that we almost forget that as Comme le document favoured the idea of a translation that different from the one we are used to. This for many centuries, right up until the 1960s, all was not too concerned with the structure, form process has taken nearly ten years to complete the prayers at Mass were in Latin. Although the word and my soul shall be healed. and precise expression of the Latin original but and has been conducted by the International possibility of using local vernacular languages more with producing a vernacular translation that Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL), 2011 Missal for Mass had been discussed in previous accurately conveyed the original intention in the made up of bishops from the English-speaking centuries, and by the 20th century in some language of the particular time and place. This countries, assisted by various experts in liturgy places the scripture readings were repeated him. We are affirming that the priest or The new translation begins: methodology, known as "dynamic equivalence', and languages. Another group of English- in the vernacular after they were read in Latin, can only exercise his ministry because of the required a degree of re-imagining on the part of speaking bishops, known as the Vox Clara Glory to God in the highest, and on earth the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) decided particular office and ministry he has been given the translator, who understand what the committee and headed by Cardinal George peace to people of good will. that the time was now right to permit wider use by the sacrament of Holy Orders for the building original meaning is and re-present it as if it had Pell of Sydney, was established by the Pope to of vernacular languages. The Council declared: up of the Church. been first written in the English language of this assist the Holy See in assessing the translations Then, in keeping with the original layered ...since the use of the mother tongue, time. prepared by ICEL and approved by the various structure, it continues: whether in the Mass, the administration of national Conferences of Bishops, so that the The end result of this process was the English We praise you, the sacraments, or other parts of the liturgy, long and exacting process could be brought to a "Through my fault, through my fault, frequently may be of great advantage to version of the Missal that we are so used fruitful conclusion. through my most grievous fault" we bless you, to, having prayed it together now for several the people, the limits of its employment may decades. it is characterised by an English style from the faith which they express. In the current English translation of the "I we adore you, be extended. This will apply in the first place that generally uses very simple and common Some of the changes confess", the structure of the beginning of the to the readings and directives, and to some This problem is more significant than it first we glorify you, words, and which tends to paraphrase the more prayer was changed somewhat from the Latin of the prayers and chants..' seems, because the Latin texts of the Missal you will notice original. Reference to how much one had sinned we give you thanks for your great complex and detailed ideas present in the Latin often contain key concepts for an authentic As is well known, the Council also called for a — "greatly"— was left out altogether, and "through glory, texts to make the language seem more normal understanding of the Christian faith as it is There is not the space in this article to list and reform and renewal of the whole . my fault" was said in a slightly earlier place in the to us. believed by the . There is a explain all the differences between the old and Lord God, heavenly King, 0 God, But even before that work was done, parts of the the new English translations of the Missal, but prayer and only once. In the new English version A Second Edition of the reformed Roman Missal profound inter-connection between what the almighty Father. existing traditional Mass, especially the parts the following are some of the more noticeable of the prayer, we will say: was issued in Latin in 1975, with a few added Church prays and what the Church believes. which could be said or sung by the people, were ones. A further example of the layering for emphasis prayers and minor changes to the instructions Also, the life of the Church should be a I confess to almighty God, and to you, my able to be in English from 1964 onwards, while which is present in the Latin original and is on how Mass was to be celebrated. Most of communion in faith, and an important way this brothers and sisters, that I have greatly most of the prayers said by the priest remained recovered in the new translation is: us would not have noticed when the English communion is expressed is by the unity of the sinned, in my thoughts and in my words, in in Latin. Gradually, use of the vernacular was version of that Missal was introduced because Roman Rite that we use. The better the various "And with your spirit" what I have done and in what I have failed You take away the sins of the world, extended to more of the priest's parts, including the changes were few and the translation of the vernacular translations of the Roman Missal to do, through my fault, through my fault, in 1968 the Canon, or Eucharistic Prayer. When the new English translation of the Missale have mercy on us; prayers remained the same. help us to encounter in our own languages the Romanum is introduced this year, a noticeable through my most grievous fault... By 1969 the new Order of Mass had been full content and meaning of the Latin texts, rather You take away the sins of the world, difference from the present version occurs after It is worth recalling that the three-fold repetition prepared, and in 1970 the First Edition of the than diverging too far in different directions, the the greeting "The Lord be with you". In the Latin of "through my fault" was deliberately retained in receive our prayer; reformed Roman Missal was published in Latin. A new approach better they serve the unity of the Church. Missal, the priest says and this prayer in the reformed Order of Mass after The Latin edition of the Roman Missal is the Pope John Paul II approved the Third Edition There has developed a fresh appreciation the people respond Et cum spiritu tuo. This Vatican II, and it was included in most vernacular You are seated at the right hand of normative version from which the vernacular of the Roman Missal in 2000 and it was issued the Father; that some earlier translations into vernacular literally means "The Lord be with you" — 'And translations except English. translations are made, meaning that the prayers in Latin in 2002. It contains a number of new languages, including English, were not as with your spirit", and that is exactly what we will Have mercy on us. of the Mass in, say, English are the same as Masses in honour of recently canonised saints effective as they could be in passing on the now say in English. This expression has a very those of the Mass in French or Tagalog or and other new texts for various feasts and rich scriptural and theological contents that long history in the Church. There are references The "Gloria" Japanese, but spoken in a different language. special occasions, plus some other revisions. are woven into the Latin prayers of the Missal. to it in texts from as far back as the third century, These new Mass texts then needed to be Sometimes the effort to translate prayers into a and it occurs in the liturgies of both the Western The new English translation The new Missal then had to be fully translated translated into English. Between the 1970s and style of English that was easily understandable and the Eastern Churches from ancient times presents the "Gloria' in a way into English, and in the meantime an interim 2002 there had been other developments in the and "normal' sounding had inadvertently meant right up to the present. In fact, translations of that respects the unusual English translation of the Order of Mass was life of the Church which in turn led to an evolution a loss of valuable and spiritually nourishing the Missal into most vernacular languages have structure of this ancient hymn, used. in thinking about the character of liturgical ideas. retained this reference to the "spirit" of the priest. which features a layering translations. In 2001 the Holy See issued a So, for example, the French at Mass say Et avec of images that enhance the new document about translating liturgical texts, In addition, the impetus had grown to find a votre esprit, the Italians E con it tuo spiritu, the impact of the praises being called Liturgiam Authenticam 1", which identified way of expressing liturgical prayer in vernacular Germans find mit deinem Geiste, and so forth. sung. The current translation some important considerations. languages in a manner that is truly appropriate largely does away with the for public, collective, sacramental worship, But what does it mean? St John Chrysostom One of these is the need to preserve the unity layers of images and re- rather than in a register appropriate and helpful (died AO 407) spoke of it in terms of the grace of the Roman Rite. The Roman Rite of the Mass arranges the main ideas a for more private individual prayer. given by God in his Church for our worship to be binds together in a unified expression of faith little, while whole phrases of fruitful and for the priest to offer the Eucharistic the Latin original have simply those parts of the Catholic Church which use it — These developments reflect a maturing of sacrifice. In effect, the priest or deacon's been omitted altogether. which is the great majority. If the translations into thought based on the experience of the previous greeting, "The Lord be with you", calls us to many different languages do not follow the Latin three to four decades, as we Catholics have recognise and acknowledge the grace of Christ originals closely enough, different language- been coming to terms with the experience of present in each of the baptised and in the whole groups can find themselves diverging more and celebrating the liturgy in our mother tongues for Church. By responding 'and with your spirit", more from the common prayers and perhaps the first time in many centuries. we are doing more than saying hello back to

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