written and illustrated by Ms. Burke’s Fifth Grade Class

Stony Point Elementary School March 10, 2005

At last, another project finished. It took about eight weeks to research, sketch, do our scratchboards, and write a brief paragraph describing our invention. Our inventions had to be invented between 1890 and the 1940s. After sketching rough drafts, we covered the backs of them with chalk. We then placed the drawing over a blank scratchboard and traced the lines on the sketch. The chalk lines appeared on the scratchboard and we etched them. The scratchboards were difficult to do, because many of our inventions had so many round shapes in their design. It’s nearly impossible to make round shapes with a scratchboard tool. We particularly enjoyed this project because it was so hands-on. We hope we can do another project like this in the future. Pilar and Mariel

The process…

The Virginia 5th grade Standards of Learning require that students study 20th century contributions. This book came about as a consequence of our desire to meet the standards as well as to produce a book of artistic and literary merit. Initially, we immersed ourselves in the information contained in piles of books from our classroom and school library. We created a brainstorming list of inventions between the years 1890-1949. We talked about which of these inventions still impact our lives today. Each student settled on one invention. We researched in books and the and found pictures of our inventions. Each student studied their topic, sketched the topic, converted it to scratchboard, and wrote about it. The first step in the art process was to sketch our image. Using our pencil sketches and chalk paper as carbon paper, we transferred the image onto the scratchboard. Using those lines as a guide, we scratched into the black ink of the scratchboard with a stylus. The detail work was done using different scratching techniques. For the writing process, we began with the information in hand and we did more research on our topic. We wrote our paragraphs and did the word processing on the computer. The final step was to mount our scratchboards and writing in an aesthetic manner and prepare them for our group display.

The worst invention ever— The Atomic Bomb By Mariel Andersen

The atomic bomb was created by a group of nuclear experts with very violent minds. They discovered a quick way to kill a lot of people by discovering how to split an atom. When you do that to a lot of atoms making up a lot of things, you damage the living and change the surviving molecules of structures and objects. An example of this chemical change; a school girl’s rice and barley lunch was completely carbonized. This powerful weapon was used on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6th, 1945, killing 56% of all Hiroshima residents and making the ruler of Japan, Hirohito, surrender to the U.S. Army, so we won the war against the Japanese. Where it detonated, temperatures reached 7,000,000 degrees centigrade making some things actually vanish. Their atoms were so damaged by the heat that they cracked into pieces and did not regain their shape. The atomic bomb had been tested before in New Mexico. The team that tested the bomb used only thirteen pounds of the explosive and made a hole 6 ft. deep and 1,200 ft. in diameter. The most destructive thing it did in testing was make a 60 ft. tall metal tower disappear from existence. The unfortunate people who tested it only wore protective eyewear, and the majority of them received a fatal amount of radiation and died in the next ten or fifteen years of radiation sickness. Countless amounts of innocent citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki got that sickness and passed it down to their children creating chromosome injury and stunted growth. Basically, that was what the atomic bomb was famous for — the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and all hope of an alliance with Japan.

Band-Aid By Abbi Pence

The band-aid was invented by Earle Dickson in the 1920’s. The band-aid was invented because Earle’s wife had a lot of accidents in the kitchen, and she needed quick relief for her hand. It was owned by Johnson and Johnson Company. Earle was rewarded by the Johnson and Johnson Company by being the vice- president of the Company.

The By: Abigail Williams

The radio was created by . The first radio was used across the Atlantic Ocean on December 12, 1901. In 1865, the radio was promoted and popularized by . Today, are very popular. Radios can be used in many different ways. With every new radio they make, the more hi-tech they get.

The Battery By Allison Higgins

The alkaline battery was invented by in 1901. He invented it to make a more convenient and storable battery source. It has 2 terminals, 1 is a positive terminal and the other is a negative terminal. It has a metal bar going through the center and has a foil shell. There are acidic liquids inside the shell, along with the metal rod. When the object the battery is in is turned on, it creates friction. The friction creates energy that makes the object work.

The Car Radio By Alec Beretz

The Car radio was invented in 1929 by William Lear, Elmer Wavering, Motorola, and other companies in the business. At first, radios were attached to the dashboard of a car and ran on their own batteries. That would be like nailing a juke box to the inside of your car. These were called travel radios. Unfortunately, these didn’t work very well. Motor interference and weak speakers made the radio hard to listen to. Soon, people created radios that would be specified for cars (the radio would be wired into the car, rather than laid on the dashboard and nailed in). There was a problem with these too. You couldn’t listen to it without turning off the car. Then finally, in the 1930’s, they nearly perfected it. They stopped using different batteries for the radio, and made it connect to the car battery. Now when they used the car, they could turn on the radio and listen to music while driving. Finally! I was getting tired of this lame 20th century technology.

Latex By: Cody Crickenberger

Did you know latex grows on trees in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka? All of these places, as you know, are islands that the tsunami hit. In 1876, a man by the name W. Schloman invented latex. Latex is used for many things including paint, gloves, socks and band-aids.

Color Photography By Connor Lilley

Color photography was not invented by one person. It was patented in 1903. In 1848, Edmond Becquerel discovered a way to make photographs in color temporarily. He put a layer of pure silver chloride on the photo. In 1911, R. Fisher discovered chromogene developer, this gave photos better color.

COTTON CANDY By: Amanda Jackson

Cotton candy was invented in 1897. Cotton candy’s first name was Fairy Floss. In England, it’s called candy floss. Cotton candy was first eaten in Nashville, Tennessee, at the St. Louis World Fair. At the fair, they sold over 68,655 boxes for 25 cents per box. My picture is of an original cotton candy machine.

RRaaddaarr

By Daniel Nadkarni

Radar was invented in 1904 by Christian Hulsmeyer from Germany. Radar stands for RAdio Detection And Ranging. Radar can “see” objects such as landmasses, weather formations, and other vessels by sending out sonar and receiving the signals and projecting them on a screen. Radar was first used by the Allies in 1941 for use in the military.

8 V FORD By Erik Berininger

The Ford V 8 was invented by the Ford Company in 1934. With its single piece engine, the Ford V8 was 20 years ahead of its time. The Ford V8 was considered the American Dream car. It had 65 horse power, weighed 2,898 lbs, and cost only $610! At first, Henry Ford advertised with “The American people can have any color car they want as long as the color they want is black,” but after cars came in color, he used “get behind the wheel, try the new Ford feel.”

By Heather Crosby

Egyptian’s would make flat, un-even pizzas. They would bake them inside mud ovens in the 1900’s. Raffaele Esposit was known for inventing the pizza, in 1889, in Italy. The word pizza is believed to be an Old Italian word meaning “a point”. American soldiers in War World II named pizza a very enjoyable meal.

Maxwell House Coffee

By Holly Harper

WOW….. Did you know that Americans consume 4,848 cups of coffee per second, 24 hours a day? Never ever put coffee creamer near a fire, because you might start a huge fire. Creamer is extremely flammable. Don’t drink coffee at night if you are planning to sleep. You will be jumping off the walls, or worse! Did you know that it takes 5 years for a coffee tree to yield its first crop? Did you know that if you want an adventurous meal, that you can use coffee and tea to tenderize meat, flavor liquor and color eggs?

The Ferris Wheel By: Tessa Diehl

The first Ferris wheel was invented by George W. Ferris. He invented it to be a cool new invention for the 1893 World’s Fair. It was supported by two 140 foot steel towers. Its 45 foot axle was the largest single piece of forged steel (at that time) in the world. The wheel had a diameter of 250 feet, a circumference of 825 feet, and its maximum height was 264 feet. The first Ferris wheel had 36 wooden cars that could hold 60 people each. It was powered by two 1,000 horsepower reversible engines. It was taken down in mid 1894 and was scraped in 1906, but before then it made a lot of profits.

Crayola Crayons By: Josh Fitzgerald

Crayola Crayons were invented in 1903. There were only eight colors. Now Crayola Crayons can glow in the dark, sparkle like glitter, and even wash off walls. Crayola Crayons have come a long way since 1903.

The Vacuum Cleaner By: Josh R.

In 1901, a man named Cecil discovered the vacuum cleaner! He tried many strange experiments like trying to suck up dirt from pillows and on furniture until his lips started to hurt. The vacuum cleaner took two people to operate but it really did the job.

The Tootsie Roll By: K.J. Darling

The Tootsie Roll, created by Leo Hirshfield in 1896 is a sweet and tasty sensation. No doubt about it, America loves “The Tootsie” in all forms. The original Tootsie Roll is the most popular.

Did you know…

Leo Hirshfield named his candy after his 5 year old daughter, Tootsie.

The candy was used in World War II as a ration, and was given to soldiers as “quick energy”.

In 1931, The Tootsie Pop was invented.

By: Kaila Brown

Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith.. At first, they used a bucket with a soccer ball.. Now we have a hoop for the basketball.. We also have rules, for example; if you double dribble with the basketball, you’ll have to give the ball to the other team.. We even have referees who tell you to give the ball to the other team..

Teddy Bear By: Keyonna Carter

Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States of America. The teddy bear was named after him (Teddy). The United States of America and Germany (in some ways) can both take credit for the first teddy bear. The inventor was Morris Michtom. Today, many children still love to play with their own teddy bears.

The Air Conditioner By Kimberly Abel

The air conditioner was invented by Willis Haviland Carrier in 1902. He graduated from Cornell University with a master in Engineering. In 1921, Willis invented the first refrigeration machine. He first made air conditioning for large spaces, such as department stores and movie theaters. In 1928, Willis Carrier made the first home “Weather maker”. Homes could be cooler and people didn’t always have to run out to places to get cooler.

AQUALUNG By Lucy Miller

The Aqualung was made in 1943 by Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, a French industrial gas control systems engineer. It is for divers to stay up to two hours underwater. The French Navy also used the Aqualung to put bombs under enemy ships. It is used for business and pleasure alike.

The Disposable Diaper BY Madeline Cohen

The Disposable Diaper was invented by Marion Donovan in 1951. Her amazing success was with the boater (a waterproof cover for cloth diapers first made out of a shower curtain). Like many mothers, she was fed up with leaky cloth diapers and soaking sheets. Many manufacturers wouldn’t buy the boaters. They thought they were a waste of money but finally a company bought the idea and made a fortune with them. After everyone loved Donovan’s first idea, they made millions with the disposable diaper. They were not as easy to create as they look though. The diaper must prevent rash by pulling moisture away from the babies’ skin instead of retaining it internally. After a while, Marion Donovan sold her business for 1,000,000 dollars.

Coca-Cola By: Morgan Russell

Soda Pop got its name from the wire stopper pushed down into the bottle and it made a popping noise. Coca-Cola Enterprises was established in 1986, but the roots started in 1899 when the first Coca-Cola bottle and operation began. The new bottle took its shape from the seed pod of the coca tree used to make chocolate. John Pemberton created the Coca-Cola syrup in 1886. In 1923, Robert Woodruff became president of the Coca- Cola Company. A lot of people drink Coca-Cola today and millions of bottles are sold everyday.

Penicillin Nelly Francis Gibson

In 1929, Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin while working in his lab. Today many people use penicillin for infections and one example is strep throat. When the United States entered World War II, the Red Cross used penicillin. Today, veterinarians also use penicillin for animals.

Crystal Quartz Watch By Nyssa Cornelius

The crystal quartz watch was invented by Peter Henlein in 1906. It was a great convenience to many people serving as the portable watch. It was a better and more efficient on-the-go time telling watch instead of carrying around one big clock everywhere you go. It was also the first self contained battery driven watch. No chords or anything, a no hassle watch that you could take with you.

The Light Bulb By Olivia Bascle The firts electric light was made in 1800 by Humphry Davy, an English scientist. He experimented with electricity, and invented a battery. When he connected some wires to his battery and a piece of carbon, the carbon produced light. He called it an electric arc. Much later in 1860, the English physicist Sir. Joseph Wilson Swan was determined to make a practical, long- lasting electric light. In 1878, he showed his new electric lamps in Newcastle, England. After Charles Francis Brush manufactured some carbon arcs to light a public square in Cleveland, Ohio, the inventor, Thomas Alva Edison experimented to make it glow and be long lasting. In 1879, Edison discovered that a carbon filament in a non-oxygen bulb glowed and did not burn up for 40 hours. Edison finally invented a bulb that could glow for more than 1500 hours. Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. He was only in school for 3 months. He used his spare time mainly to experiment with electrical and mechanical apparatus.

Dubble Bubble Bubble Gum

By, Pilar Marshall

The first version of Dubble Bubble was invented in 1906 by Frank Henry Fleer. It was called Blibber-Blubber. His recipe was later perfected in 1928 by an employee of the Frank H. Fleer Company named Walter Diemer. He called it Dubble Bubble. His recipe is still around today, enjoyed by millions of children and adults alike around the world.

PEZ A Candy Revolution By: Reed Shaw

PEZ candy was originally invented in 1927 by Edward Haas III in Austria as a breath mint for adult smokers. It was named after the German name, Pfefferminz, shortened, PEZ. In 1947, the first PEZ dispenser had most of the same characteristics as a cigarette lighter. In 1952, new fruit flavors conquered the candy market. The four first flavors were cherry, lemon, orange, and strawberry. Cartoon characters first started appearing on PEZ dispensers in 1952.

The Wright Flyer

By: Reid Dickerson

On Dec.17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, U.S.A., Orville and Wilbur Wright saw their dream come to life as the Wright Flyer flew 120 feet in 12 seconds on the first test flight. Orville and Wilbur were born in Dayton, Ohio and they started a bicycle shop. Then they decided to sell the shop and start building airplanes. The Wright flyer was a fabric-covered biplane with a wooden frame, 2 propellers, and a 12 horsepower engine. Five years after the first flight, Orville remained in the air for 1 hour and 2 minutes.

The Yo-yo By Shae Douglas

No one really knows who the original inventor of the yo-yo was. The yo-yo has been around since the mid 1930’s. It has been around for children to play with for a long time and it may be the second oldest toy, after the doll, of course! The yo-yo is popular for all generations, including kids 1-100.

Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookies

By: Sherry May Wheeler

Ruth Wakefield of Whitman, Massachusetts invented Toll House Chocolate Chip Cookies, in 1930. She was making chocolate cookies and ran out of baking chocolate, so she broke apart a bar of semi-sweet chocolate. Andrew Nestle, who is a very famous chocolate maker, gave her the chocolate bar. The chocolate didn’t melt, so she had chunks of chocolate in the dough and now we have chocolate chip cookies!!!

VELCRO By: Smitha Theriault

The Velcro invention was made by George de Mestral, in the summer of 1948! Velcro is made out of stiff hooks like burrs on one side and soft loops like string on the other. George de Mestral formed many Velcro Industries and was selling sixty-million yards of Velcro per year! Velcro was a rival with the zipper.

Typewriter

By Travis Williams

The first patent for the typewriter was obtained on June 23, 1868. The first author to submit a typed manuscript was Mark Twin Shokes. The typewriter was the beginning of a revolution in communication. On the typewriter, you use one key for each letter and number which strikes upward onto a flat plate producing a carbon impression of the letter or number on paper.

ZIPPER By Will Bollinger

You can use zippers to zip things up and down. You can zip your pants, sweatshirt, purse, binder and even shoes!!! Without zippers, we would use buttons! Also, zippers make great tongue twisters, like “Zippy zipped Zoey’s Zipper.” Zippers were invented in 1893 by WHITCOMB L. JUDSON. Well… I don’t have anything else to say about zippers so…Bye.

Polygraph Lie Detector Devin Dickerson

John Larson invented the Lie Detector in 1921. Polygraph comes from the fact that the machine records several different body responses simultaneously as the individual is questioned. It works by a series of sensors that are attached to the body. It can sense tenseness by the blood pressure or by the heart.

• Joshua Pusey invents the matchbook. 1889 • Sir James Dewar and Sir Frederick Abel co-invent Cordite - a type of smokeless gunpowder.

• Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator. 1891 • Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine. 1892 • Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask.

• American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper. 1893 • Edward Goodrich Acheson invents carborundum.

• Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector 1895 • Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture

• American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel. 1896 • Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster. 1898 • Rudolf Diesel receives patent #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine" the Diesel engine.

• I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame. 1899 • J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner.

• The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. I900 • Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator.

• King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor. • The first , successfully received a radio transmission. 1901 • Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner.

• Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner. • French physicist George Claude invents neon light. • The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie. 1902 • The birth of the Teddy Bear. • George Claude invented neon light.

• Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons. • Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens. • The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane. 1903 • Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers. • William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs.

• Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan. • Benjamin Holt invents a tractor. 1904 • John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve.

• Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2. 1905 • Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers.

• William Kellogg invents Cornflakes. 1906 • Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device. • Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube ().

• Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite. • Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere. 1907 • The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu.

• The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry. • Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger. • Model T first sold. 1908 • J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter. • Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates.

• Instant coffee invented by G. Washington. 1909 • Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture. 1910 • Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris.

• Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system. 1911 • Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras. • The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole. 1912 • Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912.

• The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne. • The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as, ecstasy. 1913 • Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra. • Gideon Sundback invented the modern zipper.

• Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask. 1914 • Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in City. 1915 • Radios tuners invented, that received different stations. 1916 • Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly.

• Gideon Sundback patented the modern zipper (not the first zipper). 1917 • The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong. 1918 • Charles Jung invented fortune cookies.

• The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite. • Short-wave radio invented. 1919 • The flip-flop circuit invented. • The arc welder invented.

• The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson. 1920 • The Band-Aid (pronounced 'ban-'dade) invented by Earle Dickson.

1921 • Artificial life begins -- the first robot built. • John Larson invented the lie detector.

• Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting. 1922 • The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released.

• Garrett A. Morgan invents a traffic signal. • The or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin. 1923 • John Harwood invented the self-windingwatch in 1923. • Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food.

• The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg. 1924 • Notebooks with spiral bindings invented.

• The a precursor to the modern television, invented by . 1925 • Robert H. Goddard invents liquid-fueled rockets. 1926 • Eduard Haas III invents PEZ candy. • JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch. • Philo Taylor Farnsworth invents a complete electronic TV system. • Technicolor invented. 1927 • Erik Rotheim patents an aerosol can. • Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock. • Philip Drinker invents the iron lung.

• Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin. • Bubble gum invented by Walter E. Diemer. 1928 • Jacob Schick patented the electric shaver.

• American, Paul Galvin invents the car radio. 1929 • Yo-Yo re-invented as an American fad.

• Scotch tape patented by 3M engineer, Richard G. Drew. • The frozen food process patented by Clarence Birdseye. • Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents neoprene. 1930 • The "differential analyzer", or analog computer invented by at MIT in Boston. • Frank Whittle and Dr Hans von Ohain both invent a jet engine.

• Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography. 1931 • Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the electron microscope.

• Polaroid photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land. • The zoom lens and the light meter invented. 1932 • Carl C. Magee invents the first parking meter. • Karl Jansky invents the radio telescope.

• Frequency (FM radio) invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong. • Stereo records invented. 1933 • Richard M. Hollingshead builds a prototype drive-in movie theater in his driveway.

1934 • Englishmen, Percy Shaw invents cat eyes or roads reflectors. • Charles Darrow claims he invented the game Monopoly. • Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for - first magnetic recording.

• Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents nylon ( polymer 6.6.) • The first canned beer made. 1935 • Robert Watson-Watt patented radar.

• invents the voice recognition machine. 1936 • Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver.

• Chester F. Carlson invents the photocopier. 1937 • The first jet engine is built.

• The ballpoint pen invented by Ladislo Biro. • Strobe lighting invented. • Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or Teflon. 1938 • Nescafe or freeze-dried coffee invented. • The first working turboprop engine.

• Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful helicopter. 1939 • The electron microscope invented.

• Dr William Reich invents the orgone accumulator. • Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system. 1940 • Karl Pabst invents the jeep.

• Konrad Zuse's Z3, the first computer controlled by software. • Aerosol spray cans invented by American inventors, Lyle David Goodloe and W.N. Sullivan. 1941 • Enrico Fermi invents the neutronic reactor.

• John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first electronic digital computer. 1942 • Max Mueller designs a turboprop engine.

• Synthetic rubber invented. • Richard James invents the slinky. • James Wright invent silly putty. 1943 • Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD. • Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau invent the aqualung.

• The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff. 1944 • Synthetic cortisone invented by Percy Lavon Julian.

• Vannevar Bush proposes hypertext. 1945 • The atomic bomb invented.

• The oven invented by Percy Spencer. 1946 • British/Hungarian scientist, Dennis Gabor, developed the theory of holography. 1947 • Mobile phones first invented. AT&T came up with this idea way back. • Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invent the transistor. • Earl Silas Tupper patented the Tupperware seal.

• The Frisbee® invented by Walter Frederick Morrison and Warren Franscioni. • Velcro ® invented by George de Mestral. 1948 • Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer jukebox.

• Cake mix invented. 1949