Infiltration & Inflow (I & I)

Home , Pumping station, Sewage pumping, Sewer gas

INFILTRATION & INFLOW (I & I)

Mike Engels Wastewater Technician

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION HOW TO SET UP AN I & I PROGRAM

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION WHAT IS I & I? (INFLOW & INFILTRATION) • INFLOW = Water entering a sanitary sewer system by direct connection from, storm sewer, roof drains, basement sump pumps, manholes

• INFILTRATION = The entrance of ground water into a sanitary sewer system through breaks, cracks, or defective pipe joints. The entrance of water into the system that usually occurs underground.

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MONEY • Biggest obstacle today is money • Money is supplied by rates • Rates are controlled by council / residents

• Operators today need to be more aware of the budget & how to save money. • Think “outside the box” for saving ideas • Think Efficiency

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION I & I = DOLLARS

• WEAR ON • INCREASE EQUIPMENT • GRIT REMOVAL LABOR • SAND IN DIGESTER COST

• ELECTRICAL COST • SHORTER EQUIP. • PUMP REPAIR LIFESPAN • WET WELL CLEANING • HIGHER CHEMICAL USAGE MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION OTHER BAD STUFF

• FLOODED BASEMENTS = LAW SUITS • SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW • FECAL COUNT IN RECEIVING WATERS • MEDIA COVERAGE

• DECREASED CAPACITY • SHORTENS LIFE SPAN • REMODEL OR EXPANSION COST - BIG $$

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION TOTAL I & I PROGRAM • PAYING FOR PROGRAM • UPDATING BLUE PRINTS • MANHOLE INSPECTION • SMOKE TESTING • TV WORK • FLOW METERING • DYE TESTING • IMPROVE STORM SYSTEM

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION PAYING FOR I & I

• Part of System Evaluation • Part of Rate Evaluation • I & I problems can be paid for with sanitary sewer rate funds if the sanitary sewer system will benefit • Ensure there is money available before you start program • Can’t afford not to fix it

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION PRELIMINARY WORK

• Calibrate all flow meters on sewage lift stations & at treatment facility • Check ratio of flow 100 gpd per capita VS. flow into sewage plant. Is this ratio close? • Survey all businesses – Is any process well water being sent to the sewers?

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION PRELIMINARY WORK

• Are there any known natural flowing wells in town? Are these near storm / sanitary drains? • Are there any existing Sanitary Sewer Overflows? • Have there been any sewer backups during high flow periods? What part of town?

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION UPDATE / IMPROVE BLUE PRINTS

• Sanitary • Storm

• GPS Manholes • Put blueprints & maps on computer

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MANHOLE INSPECTION

• Best done when water table is high & low • Use Standardized form • Number & Inspect for: – Leaks – Integrity of Concrete – Low Lying Area? – Type of Cover / Lid, - Is Cover Tight

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MANHOLE INSPECTION

• Confined space entry • Camera / video with light on pole/rod • A large mirror helps with light

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Not a Proper Inspection

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MANHOLE INSPECTION Manhole # Manhole #

City of Date Operator Weather

Draw Leads, Indicate Size & Flow Direction Nearest Address Street Manhole # Feet from Centerline Feet from ? Location? - Street, Ditch? Acting as Natural Drain ?

Overall Structure Manhole Level at Grade? Sanitary Cover or Storm Casting Condition Steps Block, Brick or PreCast Number of Leads/Pipes

Infiltration PreCast Joints

M. H. Base

Lift Holes

AT Pipes

Flow Channel

Current Flow Depth Other

Draw Picture / Location MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MANHOLE INSPECTION

• Manholes below grade, or in low lying areas • Could some manholes use a waterproof cover insert? • Clear water, indicates I & I • Leaks squirting from side of manhole should be measured in gpm using bucket and rope, & timer (if possible) otherwise estimate flow & rank severity of flow, using scale of 1 – 5. • Are manhole covers of the proper sanitary type? (NOT storm drain covers)

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MANHOLE HOURLY INCIDENT REPORT

MANHOLE # STREET DATE

Take Readings every 10 - 60 minutes. - Record time readings are taken. INCHES Manhole Rain Gauge Time Flow Level Reading

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING • Storm Water Drains / Catch basins • Rain / Roof gutters • Flat roofs with drains • Cleanouts missing a cap or broken • Cracks in pavement around manholes • Leaks in pipes, - if close to surface • Poor sealing manhole covers • Abandoned Sewer Leads

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING WHEN & WHY

• To locate inflow • Before future street overlays or improvements • Areas where inflow is suspected • Areas with sewer gas or odors • Areas with rat or rodent problems

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION PREPARING TO SMOKE TEST

• Contact Insurance Company • Best if performed during dry periods • Extra copies of master print for field use • Locate all manholes, Bring to grade, or expose • Have fans or blowers available to vacate smoke from residences

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING

• Keep addresses of people who have health concerns, physical, & breathing, on file • • Provide a copy of MSDS for customers & Emergency Services personal

• Means of contacting City Hall & Emergency Services while performing

testing MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION WHOM TO NOTIFY • County Emergency Response Coordinator

• Fire & ALL Police Departments

• 911 Center, & Surrounding Counties?

• SOMEONE WILL CALL 911

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING • Send flyers to customers, – State what day(s) testing will be done – Why you are doing the test – Precautionary steps for home & business owners – Phone number & contact person for questions – Put public service announcement on local Radio & TV • Door hangers

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION How to Smoke Test

• We use a Non-Toxic liquid smoke • Using a large blower the liquid smoke is blown into sewer system through manholes • Smoke appears in sewer vents on rooftops

• Smoke also appears in problem areas

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING • Smoke will travel 2 - 8 blocks, depending on number of leaks and vents. • Smoking sewer roof vents indicate how far the smoke has traveled • Smoke travels farthest, going with flow of sewage • Blocking off sewer lines for smoke testing is only necessary when you wish to avoid a selected area

• Document with pictures, addresses, measurements & descriptions

• Check in front and behind buildings, and on flat rooftops

• Usually 4 – 6 people work best MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Smoke will enter a home or business through • Leaky toilet wax ring • Cracks or poor joints in pipes in basements or crawl spaces • Dry drains traps • Improper plumbing vents (to attic or chimney) • Smoke means sewer gas, Not Good! THIS IS A POSITIVE FOR THE HOME OWNER!

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING

• THINGS TO AVOID – schools or large business during working hours. – restaurants during peak eating hours – busy traffic intersections during peak rush hours. – foggy or heavy overcast days if possible

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SMOKE TESTING REPORT Date

LEAK NUMBER Community Priority Operator

Street Address Owner / Business Draw Picture - Include Measurements

Clean out Grease Trap Roof Drain

Discontinued Service Break in Line Storm Drain Other

Description of Leak

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION FLOW METERING • Hour meters – ALL lift station pumps

• Electrical readings - lift stations

• Permanent flow meters - lift stations

• Portable flow meters in manholes

• Improvised measuring devices MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION FLOW METERING

• Have a plan • Work from lowest point or center of system going out – OR identified problem area • Goal is to identify which streets or areas are biggest contributors of I & I • Requires monitoring precipitation levels

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION 24 HOUR INCIDENT REPORT

Date

Community of

Sanitary Sewage Pumping Station Number

Dry Weather Data Post Actual Percentage 3 Day Average Incident Data Increase Increase Gallons Pumped 100 200 100 100% KWH Used 0 Hours Run Time 0 Water Level in Manhole 0

Inches of Rain Fall Time Span of Incident

$ Cost per KWH KWH Used Cost of this Incident

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Monthly Pumping Station Monthly Data for Sanitary Sewage Pumping Station Month of Year of Pump # 1 Pump # 2 Gallons Rain Date KWH Run Hours Run Hours Flow Inches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Monthly Treatment Plant Community of Treatment Plant Data Month of Year of

Date Influent Flow Rain Inches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION LIFT STATION HOURLY INCIDENT REPORT

Take Readings every 10 - 60 minutes. - Record time readings are taken.

Manhole Rain Gauge Gallons Pump # 1 Pump # 2 Time Flow Level Reading KWH Flow Meter Run Hours Run Hours

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION DYE TESTING

• Will confirm connection of basement sump pumps to sanitary sewer

• Confirm storm sewer connection

• Locate leaky manholes

• Takes longer than you think to see dye

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION TV SEWER SYSTEM

• Will locate infiltration & inflow

• Cracks in sewer main & poor pipe joints

• Do a portion of your system each year as part of your regular maintenance program

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION SET PRIORITIES FOR REPAIR • Easily fixed / Low cost repairs

• Basement sump pumps / Footing drains

• Big bang areas

• Ensure money is available for repairs before starting

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION IMPROVE STORM SEWERS

• Can pay for storm sewer separations with sanitary sewer revenue.

• Sometimes funds are restricted

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION THE BOTTOM LINE

• How much does I & I cost us

• We owe the residents of the community to do everything within our power to control & cut operating cost.

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION EXAMPLE OF COST SAVINGS:

• REDUCED I & I OVER 20 YEARS

• COLLECTION & TREATMENT BUDGET $ 200,000 • REDUCED INFLOW = SAVINGS OF 5 % YEARLY

• EACH YEAR A SAVINGS OF $ 10,000

• OVER 10 YEARS = $100,000 • 20 YEARS = $ 200,000 • IS 5 % SAVINGS LOW??

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION I/I Inspections Program • All properties must be inspected and required to be in compliance before they can be sold . • Property owners who apply for plumbing permits, variances, subdivisions, or other actions from the City will also be subject to an inspection. • The City will conduct I/I inspections as part of its annual Pavement Managementy Program (PMP) the year prior to the street MICHIGAN RURAL WATER reconstruction. ASSOCIATION SUMMARY • How much money is it costing you • How much time can you dedicate • How to pay for it • Use the tools available – Lift station readings – Manhole inspections – Smoke testing – Dye testing – Flow metering – T. V. work MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Michigan Rural Water Association • We can help you set up an I & I program • No cost for our labor • We Smoke Test Approximately 12 communities per year • Rental on machine & cost of liquid smoke

• Ask for more information • 989-539-4111 - mrwa.net

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION Questions ??

MICHIGAN RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION