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Industrialization of Housing Construction As a Tool for Sustainable Settlement and Rural Areas Development

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Industrialization of Housing Construction As a Tool for Sustainable Settlement and Rural Areas Development E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 Industrialization of housing construction as a tool for sustainable settlement and rural areas development Olga Popova1,*, Polina Antufieva1 , Vladimir Grebenshchikov2 and Mariya Balmashnova2 1Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 163002, Severnaya Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia 2 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoeshosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia Abstract. The development of the construction industry, conducting construction in accordance with standard projects, and transforming the construction materials industry in hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas will make significant progress in solving the housing problem. Industrialization of housing construction is a catalyst for strong growth of the region’s economy and the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of industrialization of the territory’s construction complex and its development potential for increasing the volume of low-rise housing stock. Research tasks: 1) assessment of the need to develop housing construction, including low-rise housing, on a particular territory; 2) development of a methodology for calculating the level of industrialization of construction in the area under consideration to determine the possibility of developing low-rise housing construction in this area in the proposed way; 3) approbation of the method using the example of rural areas of the Arkhangelsk region. It was revealed that the districts of the Arkhangelsk region have medium and low levels of industrialization. The districts that are most in need of an increase in the rate of housing construction have been identified. Recommendations for the development of the construction industry in certain areas have been developed. 1 Introduction The goal of the social policy of the Russian Federation is to improve the quality of life of the population. One of the main tools to increase it is to improve housing conditions. Russia lags significantly behind European countries and the United States in terms of housing provision (figure 1). * Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 Fig. 1. Provision of housing for the population. Analysis of the housing stock of the Russian Federation showed that most of the Russian population lives in apartment buildings of medium and high floors. The total area of apartments as of 2017 was 78.6 million square meters, and private houses-32.7 million square meters, which is about 30% of the total housing stock. At the same time, this figure in the US is 83%. At the same time, the level of urbanization in Russia is 74.3% with an urban area of 8.38 million hectares, which is 0.5% of the total area of the country (figure 2). For comparison, in a much smaller area of France, urban land accounts for 16%. Fig. 2. Population density of Russian regions as of 01.01.2019. According to the data provided in the spatial development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 (hereinafter-the strategy), over the past 10 years, there has been a gradual reduction in migration outflow from Eastern Siberia and the Northern regions of the European part of the Russian Federation, from the Far East. There is a steady decline in the population of cities with a population of less than 100 thousand, also of rural areas, with the exception of most of the southern regions of the European part of the 2 E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 Russian Federation and the territories of localities that are part of major urban agglomerations and major urban agglomerations. In such circumstances, it is particularly important to address the objectives of the strategy, which include reducing the level of interregional differentiation in the social and economic development of subjects of of the Russian Federation, as well as reducing intraregional social and economic differences by increasing the stability of the settlement system through the social and economic development of cities and rural areas and ensuring a steady increase in the number of permanent population in these territories. The analysis indicates the following problems: - high demand of the population for housing; - the presence of undeveloped or small-developed territories. Given the low population density and inaccessibility of developing areas, the solution to the problem of providing quality and comfortable housing can be a low-rise housing construction by industrialization, the increase of which at the moment is at a low level. Research in the field of construction industrialization is mainly aimed at studying the use of information technologies as a decision-making tool at a particular stage of the object creation cycle in an industrial way [1-7]. Some research papers are devoted to the use of prefabricated structures manufactured in the factory, the use of which helps to reduce the time of installation of the building and improve the quality of construction products [8-15]. There are also scientific studies related to assessing the magnitude of the reduction in the cost of housing in the industrial construction of residential buildings [16], analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of residential premises in modular homes in the opinion of their residents and determining ways to eliminate the identified problems [17], studying the barriers to the development of industrial construction and ways to overcome them [18]. Industrialization in construction is the process of developing and improving the use of large-scale elements of buildings of high factory readiness, using the means of mechanization and automation of construction processes. Industrialization in construction allows getting the following effects: - accelerate the pace of construction; - reducing its cost price; - improving the quality of construction; - increase productivity; - increasing the degree of factory readiness of building structures and parts; - expansion of full-scale construction; - ensuring mass application of new efficient materials and lightweight structures in the wide use of local building materials. Thus, the industrialization of housing construction creates conditions for increasing the level of housing affordability for the population. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of industrialization of the territory’s construction complex and its development potential for increasing the volume of low-rise housing stock. Research tasks are the following: 1) assessment of the need to develop housing construction, including low-rise housing, on a particular territory; 2) development of a methodology for calculating the level of industrialization of construction in the area under consideration to determine the possibility of developing low- rise housing construction in this area in the proposed way; 3) approbation of the method using the example of rural areas of the Arkhangelsk region. 3 E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 2 Method 2.1 Assessment of the level of housing provision for the population of territories Individual territories differ in the level of housing provision. The implementation of various programs to improve housing affordability should primarily target areas with a low level of this indicator. At the moment, the standard of housing security set by the UN is 30 sq. m. / person. We assess the level of housing security using the following parameters of the territory: - the general level of housing provision for the population; - the level of provision of the population with housing suitable for living; - rate of change in total housing; - the rate of change in the volume of housing suitable for living; - the rate of population change. To take into account the dynamics of changes in these indicators, the average values for a certain time period are taken into account. The indicator of the population’s availability of living space O, sq. m/person, is calculated using the formula: O = S / N, (1) where S - is the total area of residential premises suitable for living, located on a particular territory, sq. m; N – the number of people living in this territory, people. The rate of change in the volume of housing is defined as the ratio of the value of the volume of housing for the current period to the previous one. The average value is calculated using the formula: / t = (t1 · t2 · … · ta) ^ (1/a), (2) where t1…a - is the rate of change in the volume of housing for a particular period (year), a – the number of periods. Increasing the rate of housing construction to improve the quality of life of the population is required in districts: - where the indicator of housing provision is less than the standard value set by the UN in the amount of 30 sq. m. / person., - subject to negative rates of change in the volume of housing stock suitable for living, - if the rate of housing reproduction is less than or equal to the rate of retirement of the housing stock. 2.2 Assessment of the level of industrialization of low-rise construction of the territory To assess the level of industrialization, it is necessary to define a list of its features and their quantitative description. The study considered the following elements of industrialization of construction production: 4 E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 - availability of standard construction projects in the territory / register of project documentation for reuse; - industrial production of materials and structures for housing construction; - industrial construction of residential buildings - construction is carried out in a contract way by specialized construction and installation organizations registered in the territory.
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