Arkangelin Ja Lapin Läänien Kouluhallintojen Yhteistyön Kehittäminen

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Arkangelin Ja Lapin Läänien Kouluhallintojen Yhteistyön Kehittäminen Lapin yliopiston kasvatustieteellisiä raportteja 6 Arkangelin ja Lapin läänien kouluhallintojen yhteistyön kehittäminen Kartoitus toisen ja korkea•asteen koulutuspalveluista Kyösti Kurtakko Käännös: Julia Sergeeva Kansi ja taitto: Katja Norvapalo Jakelu: Lapin yliopisto / Julkaisut PL 122 96101 Rovaniemi www.ulapland.fi Lapin yliopistopaino Rovaniemi 2008 ISSN 1796•3877 ISBN 978•952•484•213•6 Arkangelin ja Lapin läänien kouluhallintojen yhteistyön kehittäminen Kartoitus toisen ja korkea•asteen koulutuspalveluista SISÄLTÖ 1. JOHDANTO......................................................................................................... 1 2. ARKANGELIN ALUE ........................................................................................ 3 2.1. ARKANGELIN LÄÄNI........................................................................................... 3 2.2. ARKANGELIN KAUPUNKI .................................................................................... 8 3. VENÄJÄN KOULUTUSJÄRJESTELMÄ......................................................... 9 3.1. YLEISTÄ ............................................................................................................ 9 3.2. TOISEN ASTEEN KOULUTUS .............................................................................. 11 3.3. AMMATILLINEN KOULUTUS.............................................................................. 15 3.4. VENÄJÄN KORKEAKOULUJÄRJESTELMÄ ............................................................ 16 4. ARKANGELIN LÄÄNIN KOULUTUSTARJONTA...................................... 20 4.1. AMMATILLINEN PERUSKOULUTUS (+ȺɑȺɅɖɇɈȿɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ) ...................................................................................................... 20 4.2. OPISTOASTEEN AMMATILLINEN KOULUTUS (&ɊȿȾɇɈȿɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ) ...................................................................................................... 23 4.3. KORKEAKOULUT SEKÄ NIIDEN SIVUTOIMIPISTEET JA EDUSTUSTOT (%ɕɋɒɂȿ ɍɑȿȻɇɕȿɁȺȼȿȾȿɇɂə,ɎɂɅɂȺɅɕɂɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ).................................... 27 4.4. HAKEUTUMINEN OPPILAITOKSIIN JA VALINTAMENETTELYT............................... 32 5. LAPIN LÄÄNI ................................................................................................... 34 6. SUOMEN KOULUTUSJÄRJESTELMÄ......................................................... 36 6.1. TOISEN ASTEEN KOULUTUS .............................................................................. 39 6.2. KORKEAKOULUKOULUTUS ............................................................................... 41 6.3. SUOMALAISEN KOULUTUSJÄRJESTELMÄN ERITYISPIIRTEET ............................... 43 7. LAPIN LÄÄNIN KOULUTUSTARJONTA .................................................... 46 7.1. TOISEN ASTEEN YLEISSIVISTÄVÄ JA AMMATILLINEN KOULUTUS........................ 46 7.2. LAPIN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULUT...................................................................... 50 7.3. LAPIN YLIOPISTO.............................................................................................. 52 8. KOULUTUSPALVELUIDEN VERTAILU ..................................................... 57 9. JOHTOPÄÄTÖKSIÄ ........................................................................................ 64 10. LÄHTEET ........................................................................................................ 65 11. LIITTEET ........................................................................................................ 68 1. Johdanto Lapin yliopiston kasvatustieteiden tiedekunta on käynnistänyt vuoden 2007 alusta Arkangelin ja Lapin läänin kouluhallinnon yhteistyön kehittämishankkeen, jonka tavoitteena on kartoittaa alueiden yhteistyötahot sekä kehittää keinoja, joilla voidaan saada aikaan yhteistä koulutustarjontaa sekä varmistaa korkealaatuisen koulutuspalvelun tarjonta myös tulevaisuudessa. Hankkeen yhteydessä vertaillaan koulutuspolitiikan linjauksia Lapin läänin ja Arkangelin alueiden osalta sekä tähdätään koulujen välisen verkoston luomiseen. Tarkoituksena on hyödyntää molemminpuolisesti alueiden koulutustarjontaa. Hanke kestää vuoden 2007 loppuun. Yhteistyökumppaneina toimivat Rovaniemen ammattikorkeakoulun ja Lapin yliopiston omistama Finnbarents sekä Arkangelin aluehallinnon koulutus• ja tiedeosasto (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ). Kyse on Lapin läänin sivistystoimen kannalta Venäjän suuntaan tapahtuvasta yhteistyön laajentumisesta, sillä Murmanskin läänin kanssa on ollut monipuolista toimintaa jo neuvostoaikana. Tällä projektilla selvitetään, mitä mahdollisuuksia laajentumiseen on ja millä edellytyksillä laajentumista voidaan käytännössä toteuttaa. Projektin alkuvaiheessa kartoitetaan olemassa olevat koulutuspalvelut Lapin ja Arkangelin alueilla eli tutkitaan, millaista koulutustarjontaa ja paljonko koulutuspaikkoja alueilla on. Koska kyseessä on pilottihanke, on tässä työssä lähdetty kartoittamaan olemassa olevaa tilannetta ja selvittämään peruskysymyksiä. Selvityksessä käsitellään lyhyesti sekä Venäjän että Suomen koulutusjärjestelmiä. On oleellista tunnistaa kummankin maan ja alueiden koulutuksen erityispiirteet ennen yhteistyön aloittamista. Tarkastelun taustaksi molemmista alueista esitetään perustietoja väestöstä ja elinkeinoelämästä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan läänien nykyistä tilannetta ja tulevaisuuden odotuksia ja suunnitelmia. Tämän selvitystyön tavoitteena on avata tietä tuleville tutkimuksille aiheesta ja helpottaa seuraavaa vaihetta yhteisessä hankkeessa. Esitys kohdentuu Arkangelin alueella keskiasteen ja korkea•asteen oppilaitosten järjestämään koulutukseen eli oppilaitoksiin, jotka vastaavat ammatillisesta peruskoulutuksesta, opistotason oppilaitoksiin sekä yliopistoihin.1 Lapin läänin oppilaitoksista tarkastelussa ovat toisen asteen koulutuslaitokset eli lukiot ja ammatilliset oppilaitokset, sekä korkea•asteen koulutusta tarjoavat oppilaitokset eli ammattikorkeakoulut ja yliopisto. 1 Venäjän koulujärjestelmässä raja toisen ja korkea•asteen koulutuksen välillä ei ole samalla tavalla yksiselitteinen kuin Suomessa. Järjestelmän hahmottamista helpottaa se, että tilanne muistuttaa suomalaista järjestelmää ennen ammattikorkeakoulujärjestelmän käynnistymistä. 1 Arkangelia koskevassa osuudessa pääasiallisena lähteenä on käytetty Arkangelissa ilmestynyttä toisen asteen oppilaitosten ja korkeakoulujen valintaopasta ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ Ⱥɛɢɬɭɪɢɟɧɬ« – 2007».ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ, ɫɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ»). Opas sisältää lyhyet esittelyt jokaisesta Arkangelin alueen keskiasteen oppilaitoksesta ja korkeakoulusta samoin kuin alueella toimivista lähinnä yliopistojen sivutoimipisteistä. Lisäksi siitä löytyy tietoa valintaperusteista, oppilaitosten tarjoamista suuntausvaihtoehdoista ja tiedekunnista. Selvityksessä on käytetty lähteenä myös Arkangelin alueen internet•sivuja (www.dvinaland.ru), joista löytyy koulutuksen lisäksi myös väestöön, elinkeinoelämään ja talouteen liittyviä tietoja. Lapin läänin osalta lähteinä on käytetty lääninhallituksen tuottamia raportteja alueen koulutustarjonnasta. Näistä esimerkkinä voidaan mainita julkaisu ”Lapin läänin oppilaitokset lukuvuonna 2006 • 2007. ”Perustietoa läänin oppilaitoksista” on ollut selvitystyössä hyödyllinen lähde samoin opiskelijoille suunnattu ”Kevään 2007 yhteishaun hakuohje perustutkintoihin ja lukioihin Oulun ja Lapin lääneissä”. Saatavilla ollut materiaali ei täytä kaikilta osin tiukan vertailtavuuden vaatimuksia. Samaa vuotta koskevia lukuja ei kaikilta osin ollut käytettävissä. Silti uskomme, että näilläkin luvuilla voidaan rakentaa sellainen kuva, jonka pohjalta tarvittavia johtopäätöksiä voidaan tehdä. Oppaassa olevat oppilaitokset ja niiden opintotarjonta on listattu tähän selvitykseen suomennettuina. Suomennoksissa on noudatettu sitä linjaa, mitä Opetushallituksen julkaisussa ”Venäjän koulutusjärjestelmä” (2006) on käytetty. (http://www.edu.fi/julkaisut/venajaedu.pdf). Raportin tarkoituksena on tarkastella koulutusyhteistyön mahdollisuuksia Lapin ja Arkangelin lääneissä toisella ja korkea•asteella. Perusasteen jättäminen tarkastelujen ulkopuolelle perustuu siihen, että peruskoulu on oppivelvollisuuskoulu, josta huolehtiminen on valtioiden kansallinen tehtävä. Sen sijaan toisen ja korkea•asteen koulutuksen osalta väestömäärän vähäisyys ja koulutuskustannusten kalleus sekä Barentsin alueen potentiaalisten työmarkkinoiden muodostuminen tarjoavat – ainakin teoriassa – syyn selvittää erilaisia yhteistyömahdollisuuksia. Pohjatekstit lukuihin 1 ja 3 on kirjoittanut prof. Kyösti Kurtakko, lukuihin 2., 4. ja 8. FM Tuuli Utunen ja lukuihin 5., 6., ja 7. HTM Matti Korkala. Tekstin toimituksellisen työn on tehnyt Kyösti Kurtakko. 2 2. Arkangelin alue 2.1. Arkangelin lääni Maantieteellinen sijainti ja ilmasto Arkangelin lääni Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ( ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ) sijaitsee Euroopan puoleisen Venäjän pohjoisosissa. Naapuriläänejä ovat Murmanskin, Vologdan ja Kirovin läänit sekä Komin ja Karjalan tasavallat. Arkangelista käytetään myös ”Venäjän Pohjola” – nimitystä, erotuksena Karjalasta, Siperiasta ja Kaukoidästä. Kolmen tuhannen kilometrin matkalla sen rantaa reunustavat kolme arktista merta: Vienanmeri, Barentsinmeri ja Karanmeri. Arkangeli kuuluu Luoteis•Venäjän alueeseen, jonka hallinnollisena keskuksena toimii Pietari. Arkangelin läänin pinta•ala on 587 400 neliökilometriä. Lääni pitää sisällään lisäksi Nenetsin autonomisen piirin sekä 20 aluepiiriä, 14 kaupunkia, 38 pienempää paikkakuntaa ja noin 4000 kyläkeskittymää. Myös Novaja Zemljan
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