Out-Of-Date Word': Grimond and the Left
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Martill Paper
Challenging the ‘Postwar Consensus’: The Hidden Politics of Anglo-American Relations during the Cold War Benjamin Martill University of Oxford Abstract It is frequently claimed that there existed a 'postwar consensus' between the Labour and Conservative parties in British foreign policy. Nowhere is this claim clearer than in the party politics of Britain's relationship with the United States. As a result, the dominant understanding of British foreign policy in the postwar period tends towards a realist explanation based on the necessities of maintaining British prestige and power in the bipolar Cold War environment. In this paper I present an alternative explanation based on the domestic politics of alliance and the interaction between political ideology and legislative constraint. I argue that when the governing parties in two states are more ideologically proximate than their respective political oppositions, low levels of legislative constraint promote international cooperation whereas high levels undermine it. Conversely, when the governing parties are less ideologically proximate than the opposition, high levels of legislative constraint serve to promote cooperation and low levels of constraint work against it. This approach helps us to explain both variation in the level of cooperation and why this does not follow strict party lines. More broadly it highlights the importance of modeling complex interactions in order to understand how domestic politics impacts on foreign policy. Paper presented at the PSA Annual Conference, Manchester, Monday 14 th April 2014 1 Introduction This article assesses the ‘postwar consensus’ between British political parties on the question of Anglo-American relations. Proponents of the ‘postwar consensus’ argue that party politics have had little impact on Anglo-American relations because of the strong material, economic and social forces pushing any government towards cooperation. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
90 Review Jones Deacon the Welsh Liberals
REviEWS misleading. Jo was as firmly Bloch also records correctly against propping up Heath as the that Jeremy hankered after a peer- rest of us, but he was perturbed age himself. Certainly Thorpe by some of the arguments against bombarded every successive leader coalition in principle which he on the subject, but the author is a said were nonsense. It was his stern bit unfair to describe Paddy Ash- warning on that issue which col- down’s refusal to nominate him as oured my own later judgments on the party being unwilling to for- the Lib–Lab pact and indeed the give him. There was rather more to formation of the Cameron–Clegg it than that. Following his acquittal coalition. It is doubtful whether at the famous trial for conspiracy Jeremy was ever offered any spe- to murder Norman Scott (which is cific cabinet post – certainly it was well covered in this volume), the not discussed. party executive was keen to pursue I question Bloch’s assertions on Jeremy for the return of £20,000, two other points. Firstly, he sug- which was part of the Hayward gests, as regards the speakership election donation which had been issue in the summer of 1965, that used in his attempts to suppress Jo Grimond may have fancied the Scott. I was appalled at this sugges- position himself at some time in the tion and argued that we had suf- future. I have never thought that fered quite enough bad publicity. was the case: the truth is that the The party president and the chair- matter was badly handled because man agreed the matter should be the MP for Cardigan, Roddy dropped on the clear understand- Bowen, did not come clean and say ing that Jeremy would play no fur- he would accept the deputy speaker- ther part in the party’s hierarchy: in ship. -
Renationalisation of Steel
May 8, 1965 THE ECONOMIC WEEKLY pointed in February 1955); Nag- 1960. Government of India, Mini ture II, page 34. pur. Hyderabad and Coimbatore stry of Labour and Employment. 14 Sub-section XI, of Section 28 says; (appointed in December 1955); r- Employees' State Insurance (Gen The E S I fund may be expended Calcutta and Howrah, Assam, eral) Regulations notification No for "defraying expenditure within Madras, Madurai and Bangalore R S 5/48, New Delhi, October 17 the limits prescribed, on measures (appointed in July 1959). All issued 1950. for the improvement of the health by the Director General, Emplo 13 Questionnaire on the Employees and welfare of insured persons and yees' State Insurance Corporation, State Insurance Scheme. Govern for the rehabilitation of and re New Delhi. ment of India Ministry of Labour employment of insured persons 11 "Report on Employees State In and Employment. ESI Scheme who have been disabled or injure- surance Scheme" by A L Mudaliar Review committee 1964. Annex- ed". FROM THE LONDON END Renationalisation of Steel THE publication of the Steel Nation- of the relevant holding companies will share of the industry, producing 90 per alisation White Paper (which will be vested in a new National Steel Cor cent of British steel. They own or con be fiercely debated in Parliament) is a poration. Remembering the speed with trol all the 22 integrated iron and steel clear indication that despite its slender which the Tories denationalised steel works in the United Kingdom, and 42 majority of four, the Labour Govern when they were returned to power, the other iron and steel works; they con ment has the courage and determination present Bill proposes a public steel cor trol about 60 per cent of known reser to push ahead with one of the most poration which would have its own ves of iron ore in the U K and they controversial items in the Labour mani single marketing organisation and pow employ about. -
Conference Daily, Saturday Contents Liberal Democrats
Spring Conference 9–11 March 2018, Southport Conference Daily, Saturday Updates to the Agenda & Directory, information from the Conference Committee, amendments, emergency motions and questions to reports. Please read in conjunction with the Agenda & Directory. Conference Daily and other conference publications, in PDF and plain text Contents formats, are available online Conference information update 5 www.libdems.org.uk/conference_papers Exhibition update 6 Training update 7 Fringe update 8 Saturday 10 March timetable 9 Daily announcements for Saturday 10 March 10 or ask at the Information Desk in the STCC. Advance notice for Sunday 11 March 19 Emergency motions ballot 20 Please keep hold of your copy of this Conference Daily throughout conference, and make sure you pick up a copy of Sunday’s Conference Daily when you enter the STCC on Sunday – it will be vital to your understanding of the day’s business. Liberal Democrats 30 years fighting for a fair, free and open society Published by the Policy Unit, Liberal Democrats, 8–10 George Street, London, SW1P 3AE. Design and layout by Mike Cooper, [email protected]. 1 The Federal Board Baroness Sal Neil Fawcett, Vince Cable MP, Liz Leffman, Sheila Ritchie, Carole O’Toole, Alistair Lord Brinton, Chair, Vice Chair Party Leader Chair of the Scottish Party Chair of the Carmichael MP, Strasburger, Party President English Party Convenor Welsh NEC MP Rep Peer Rep Catherine Chris White, Simon McGrath, David Green, Cadan ap Andrew Jeremy Robert Bearder MEP, Principal Local English Party Scottish -
37 Jones Liberals Divided
Liberals divided Dr J. Graham Jones examines the February 1921 by- election in Cardiganshire, where Asquithian and Lloyd George Liberals engaged in bitter internecine warfare ‘‘EveryEvery votevote forfor LlewelynLlewelyn WilliamsWilliams isis aa votevote againstagainst LloydLloyd George’George’ 1 lewelyn’s opposed to national waste; In October W. Llewelyn Williams, Liberal ‘L So work for him with zeal and haste.’ MP for the Carmarthen Boroughs since , a By the s Welsh Liberals proudly referred to former close associate of Lloyd George who had the Cardiganshire constituency as ‘the safest seat dramatically fallen out with him primarily over the held by a Liberal member’. This remote, predomi- need to introduce military conscription during nantly rural division on the western seaboard of , wrote to Harry Rees, the secretary of the Wales, so far removed from the hub of political life at Cardiganshire Liberals. ‘You will have seen that the Westminster, and first captured by the Liberals in the Carmarthen Boros are going to be wiped out, & ‘breaking of the ice’ general election of , was that I shall therefore be looking for a new seat ei- held continuously by the party from until the ther in Carm. or elsewhere. I should be glad to defeat of Roderic Bowen in . But this long hear from you what are the prospects in tenure was not always characterised by political har- Cardiganshire?’ Williams wrote in the certain mony, calm and tranquillity. During the early s knowledge that his own seat was about to disappear in particular, intensely bitter political controversy in the impending redistribution of parliamentary beset Cardiganshire. -
Liberals in Coalition
For the study of Liberal, SDP and Issue 72 / Autumn 2011 / £10.00 Liberal Democrat history Journal of LiberalHI ST O R Y Liberals in coalition Vernon Bogdanor Riding the tiger The Liberal experience of coalition government Ian Cawood A ‘distinction without a difference’? Liberal Unionists and Conservatives Kenneth O. Morgan Liberals in coalition, 1916–1922 David Dutton Liberalism and the National Government, 1931–1940 Matt Cole ‘Be careful what you wish for’ Lessons of the Lib–Lab Pact Liberal Democrat History Group 2 Journal of Liberal History 72 Autumn 2011 new book from tHe History Group for details, see back page Journal of Liberal History issue 72: Autumn 2011 The Journal of Liberal History is published quarterly by the Liberal Democrat History Group. ISSN 1479-9642 Riding the tiger: the Liberal experience of 4 Editor: Duncan Brack coalition government Deputy Editor: Tom Kiehl Assistant Editor: Siobhan Vitelli Vernon Bogdanor introduces this special issue of the Journal Biographies Editor: Robert Ingham Reviews Editor: Dr Eugenio Biagini Coalition before 1886 10 Contributing Editors: Graham Lippiatt, Tony Little, York Membery Whigs, Peelites and Liberals: Angus Hawkins examines coalitions before 1886 Patrons A ‘distinction without a difference’? 14 Dr Eugenio Biagini; Professor Michael Freeden; Ian Cawood analyses how the Liberal Unionists maintained a distinctive Professor John Vincent identity from their Conservative allies, until coalition in 1895 Editorial Board The coalition of 1915–1916 26 Dr Malcolm Baines; Dr Roy Douglas; Dr Barry Doyle; Prelude to disaster: Ian Packer examines the Asquith coalition of 1915–16, Dr David Dutton; Prof. David Gowland; Prof. Richard which brought to an end the last solely Liberal government Grayson; Dr Michael Hart; Peter Hellyer; Dr J. -
The Rhodesian Crisis in British and International Politics, 1964
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository THE RHODESIAN CRISIS IN BRITISH AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS, 1964-1965 by CARL PETER WATTS A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Historical Studies The University of Birmingham April 2006 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis uses evidence from British and international archives to examine the events leading up to Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) on 11 November 1965 from the perspectives of Britain, the Old Commonwealth (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), and the United States. Two underlying themes run throughout the thesis. First, it argues that although the problem of Rhodesian independence was highly complex, a UDI was by no means inevitable. There were courses of action that were dismissed or remained under explored (especially in Britain, but also in the Old Commonwealth, and the United States), which could have been pursued further and may have prevented a UDI. -
Speaker Biographies and Abstracts
COFFÁU PROFIAD CYMRU O’R RHYFEL MAWR AR Y MÔR COMMEMORATING THE WELSH EXPERIENCE OF THE GREAT WAR AT SEA 3-4 Tachwedd 2018, Doc Penfro, SA72 6DD 3-4 November 2018, Pater Hall, Pembroke Dock, SA72 6DD Speaker biographies • Professor Chris Williams. Chris Williams is Head of the College of Arts, Celtic Studies and Social Sciences at University College Cork, where he also teaches some history. He was a Royal Commissioner with the RCAHMW for ten years until 31 October 2018. • J D Davies. David Davies is Vice-President of the Society for Nautical Research, a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and the author of Britannia’s Dragon: A Naval History of Wales (2013). A prize-winning author, originally from Llanelli, he also writes a bestselling series of naval fiction set in the seventeenth century. Website: jddavies.com. • Geoffrey Hicking. Geoffrey Hicking is an Information Officer and Researcher currently working with the Royal Commission. His research interests are primarily naval in nature. Having previously researched mercantile information networks in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world, he is currently researching the First World War naval bases of Wales. • Dr Huw Lewis Roberts. Born in Moelfre, Anglesey, Dr Huw Lewis Roberts is the first of his father's family not to go to the sea, instead, spending years as a family doctor in Gwynedd. He is interested in local history, Chair of the Caernarfon Family History Society, and enjoys sailing around the Anglesey coast. • Dr Gareth Huws. A biochemist by training and a historian by inclination, Dr Gareth Huws has a particular interest in the ‘long’ nineteenth century (1790-1918) and its effect on the social and political development of the port of Holyhead and its place within the wider catchment area of Anglesey. -
The Liberal Democrat Journey to a LIB-Con Coalition and Where Next?
The LiberaL Democrat Journey To a LIB-CoN CoaLITIoN aNd where NexT? Southbank house, Black Prince road, London Se1 7SJ T: +44 (0) 20 7463 0632 | [email protected] www.compassonline.org.uk richard S Grayson The LiberaL Democrat Journey To a LIB-CoN CoaLITIoN – aNd where NexT? richard S Grayson 2 about the author Dr Richard Grayson is Head of Politics at Goldsmiths, University of London, and is one of three vice-chairs of the Liberal Democrat Federal Policy Committee, but writes here in a personal capacity. He was the party’s Director of Policy in 1999–2004 and stood for Parliament in Hemel Hempstead in 2005 and 2010, adding over 10% to the party’s vote. He was one of the founders of the Social Liberal Forum and was the first chair of its Executive. In September 2010 he takes up the post of Professor of Twentieth Century History at Goldsmiths. Published by Compass − Direction for the Democratic Left Ltd Southbank House, Black Prince Road, London SE1 7SJ T: +44 (0) 207 463 0632 [email protected] www.compassonline.org.uk Designed by SoapBox, www.soapboxcommunications.co.uk 3 The Liberal democrat ning both needs to be understood. Doing so begins with a story about how it is possible that a journey to a Lib–Con party which has often over the past decade been seen as ‘left of Labour’ on civil liberties, demo - coalition – and where cratic reform, taxation and public services is engaged quite so enthusiastically in reducing the next? size of the state. -
Best Political Song’, Yet Many Political Insiders Have Never Heard It Sung
GOD GAVE THE Land TO THE PEOPLE THE LIBERal ‘Land SOng’ It is Britain’s ‘best political song’, yet many political insiders have never heard it sung. More than a century old, ‘The Land Song’ dates back to the glory days of Lloyd George Liberalism, and was revived from the 1960s by a new generation of Liberal radicals. History Workshop Journal editor Andrew United Whitehead pursues the Committee for song’s history, discovers the Taxation of Land its only commercial Values / Daily News song recording, and traces sheet, 1910 the song’s contemporary (reproduced courtesy echoes to the conference of Andrew Whitehead hotels of Bournemouth and Glasgow Caledonian and Liverpool. University) 26 Journal of Liberal History 76 Autumn 2012 GOD GAVE THE Land TO THE PEOPLE THE LIBERal ‘Land SOng’ hy should we be beg- hibernation at the end of the holi- about the Liberal song tradition, gars with the ballot in day season by attracting a party but my career took me away from Wour hand? God gave the conference. Although we imag- Westminster and party confer- land to the people! ine that the dominance of the two ences and my fleeting interest in These lines are the rousing cli- main parties has only recently been political song subsided. max to a song which is maintained, challenged, circa 1990 the caravan In September 2009, I headed by many who know it, to be Brit- of political correspondents rolled to the comfortable south-coast ain’s most stirring political anthem. relentlessly for weeks on end: the resort of Bournemouth, once again ‘The best political song I was ever Trades Union Congress, still a as a journalist, to attend my first taught to sing’, declared the for- ‘must attend’ event back then; two Liberal Democrat conference for mer leader of the Labour Party, centre-party gatherings, Liberals almost twenty years. -
Intended for College-Preparatory Students at the High School Level
DO C UME NT R ES UME ED 028 194 24 TE 499 952 By-Gorman, Ira The United States and the Soviet Union, 1917-1965. Teacherand Student Manuals. Amherst Coll., Mass. Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C.Bureau of Research. Repor t No- CRP-H-168 Burk.?au No- BR -5-1071 Pub Date 65 Contract- OEC-5- 10-158 Note- 60p. EDRS Price MF-$0.50 HC-$3.10 Descriptors-*American History, Curriculum Guides, EuropeanHistory, Foreign Policy,. *Foreign Relations, History, *History Instruction, Instructional Materials, ModernHistory, Political Science, Secondary Education, Social Sciences, Social Studies, Social Studies Units, TeachingMethods, *United States History, World Affairs Identifiers-Soviet Union, *Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR Intended for college-preparatory studentsat the high school level, this unit investigates the changing tides in U.S.-Soviet diplomaticrelations and the reasons for the change. The focus of the unitis on a series of particular episodes suchas the questions of famine relief in the 1920's, diplomaticrecognition in the 1930's, World War II, the Berlin Blockade, the HungarianIRevolution, and the Cuban missilecrisis. Introductions set each episode incontext, and the student is asked toassess the wisdom and success of American policy-making.(Author) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HIAL11;, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICi OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIC'NATING IT,POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIOZ STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OfFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY, THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION, 1917-1965 Teacher and Student Manuals (Public Domain Edition) Ira Gorman Committee on the Study of History Amherst, Massachusetts EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL SUBJECT TO REVISION PUBLIC DOMAIN EDITION TEACHER'S MANUAL THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION, 1917-1965 Ira Gorman Brookline High School Brookline, Massachusetts This material has been produced by the Committee on the Study of History, Amherst, Massachusetts under contract with the U.