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Monitoring the Marine Environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut, Annua

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Monitoring the Marine Environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut, Annua -n -'''vEke Monitoring the Marine Environment of : Long IslandIsan- .,.S'Sound d' a MiMillstone.- Power Station:,. W-aterford, Connecticut 1 i!:@omii02 April 2002 ' DominionS W-W T Monitoring the Marine Environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Power Station 2001 Annual Report Prepared by: Staff of Environmental Laboratory Millstone Power Station Dominion Resources Services. Approved by: ; / Dr. Milan Keser April 2002 We dedicate this report to Ernesto Lorda, who will be retiring later this year from the Millstone Environmental Laboratory (MEL). Ernesto has an extensive and rigorous educational background that makes him an especially valued stnff member. He received an B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Zaragoza in Spain, an M.S. in Ocean Engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and a Ph. D. in Biological Ocean- ography and Applied Statistics from the Graduate School of Oceanography of the University of Rhode Island. Before joining the staff at MEL in 1982, Ernesto had a diverse professional career, having worked as a design and field engineer in hydraulic construction and public works, as a consulting engineer, and as a university research associate. He has many professional certifications and memberships, including being a Charter Member of the Environmental Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association. He has been solicited to review numerous articles for science journals. He has authored or co-authored more than 20 papers published in the scientific literature, wrote numerous technical reports, and presented his work at symposia and national and regional conferences. His primary responsibilities at MEL, formerly for Northeast Utilities, and currently for Dominion include biometrics and statistics and population dynamics modeling. He provides oversight in these fields and guides staff scientists in data analyses, experimental design, impact assessments, and modeling. His dissertation research at the University of Rhode Island involved the stochastic modeling of the dynamics of fish populations, which he was later able to adapt specifically to an issue of interest at Millstone Power Station. This work became the foundation for the stochastic population dynamics model, which has been the primary long-term forecasting tool for the Niantic River winter flounder population in assessing the effects of Millstone Station, the environment, and fishing on this stock of fish. The model and its approach to impact assessment has received considerable acclaim and notice through the electric utility industry. He is also an accomplished writer and editor whose work has undeniably bettered our reports, including the present one. Over the years, Ernesto has interacted constructively with every staff member of MEL as well as with other departments and environmental and station management. He also provides trusted advice to the Ecological Advisory Committee of MEL in critical analyses in fisheries biology, experimental design, and statistical methodologies. In particular, he worked closely for many years with his friend and mentor, Dr. Saul Saila, Professor Emeritus of the University of Rhode Island, in examining innovative methodologies to use with fisheries data and in impact assessments of power plant operations. Dr. Saila recently noted that "Emesto was one of the most versatile and competent of the many graduate students I had the pleasure of working with." We will sorely miss Ernesto's advice and wise counsel and wish him well in any and all future endeavors he may wish to pursue. - The Entire Staff of Millstone Environmental Laboratory ii Monitoring Studies, 2001 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the staff of Dominion Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Environmental Laboratory, located at Millstone Nuclear Power Station, PO Box 128, Waterford, CT 06385. Present staff members include: Dr. Milan Keser, Supervisor Jennifer A. Burton Donald J. Danila Gregory C. Decker David G. Dodge James F. Foertch Raymond 0. Heller Donald F. Landers, Jr. Dr. Ernest Lorda Tracy L. Maynard Peter M. Meier Douglas E. Morgan Dr. Edward F. Roseman John T. Swenarton Christine A. Tomichek Joseph M. Vozarik Special appreciation is extended to the summer intern staff from the University of Connecticut, Connecticut College, and Three Rivers Community-Technical College for their considerable efforts in the field and laboratory: Eric Brzozowski, Dave Boettcher, Kate Driscoll, Tom Hochdorfer, Brian James, Jakub Kircun, and Eric Reyer. Penelope Howell, David Molnar, and David Simpson of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Fisheries Division; David Taylor of the University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography; Thomas Currier of the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; Tim Lynch of the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Fish and Wildlife; Dr. Michael Scherer of Marine Research, Inc.; and Matt Male of Old Lyme, CT kindly supplied information on finfishes and lobster used in this report. Critical reviews of this report and oversight of the monitoring programs were completed by the following members of the Millstone Ecological Advisory Committee: Dr. John Tietjen (chair; emeritus, City University of New York), Dr. W. Huntting Howell (University of New Hampshire), Dr. Nelson Marshall (emeritus, University of Rhode Island), Dr. William Pearcy (emeritus, Oregon State University), Dr. Saul Saila (emeritus, University of Rhode Island), Dr. Robert Whitlatch (University of Connecticut), and Dr. Robert Wilce (emeritus, University of Massachusetts). i Preface iii iv Monitoring Studies, 2001 Table of Contents Dedication .1................. ii Acknowledgements ................... iii Executive Summary ................. vii Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 Lobster Studies ................. ; ... 9 Benthic Infauna ................. 41 Eelgrass . ............................................................................................................... ..73 Rocky Intertidal Studies.. ............................................................................................................... ..89 Fish Ecology Studies. ............................................................................................................... 123 Winter Flounder Studies.?. .......................................................... ......................................................................167 ---.-- Table of Contents v vi Monitoring Studies, 2001 Executive Summary Lobster Studies LIS was caused by multiple disease pathogens exacerbated by environmental stressors, such as The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is the increased seawater "temperature, anoxia and contain- single most valuable fisheries species in New England. inants. Concurrently with the lobster die-off in western In Connecticut, the regional economic value of the LIS, a major outbreak of shell disease began in 1998 in lobster' fishery' is between $12 and $15 million eastern LIS and nearsliore coastal areas of Rhode annually. Lobsters are also one of the largest mobile Island and Massachusetts. Naturally occurring bacteria benthic invertebrates in the western North Atlantic and and fungi have been implicated as causative agents of important inhabitants of coastal ecosystems. Several shell disease. These 'microorganisms consume the aspects of Millstone Power Station (MPS) operation exoskeletons of crustaceans, resulting in a shell that is could potentially impact the local population of pitted and marred with necrotic lesions. The unsightly American lobster. In early summer, after hatching appearance of the shell greatly affects lobster from eggs, lobster larvae swim to the surface to begin marketability and although shell disease is not the 6- to 8-week planktonic phase of their life cycle and immediately fatal, death may ultimately occur. are susceptible to entrainment through cooling water In response to the die-off in western LIS and shell. systems. 'Juvenile and adult lobsters can be impinged disease outbreak in eastern LIS, the U.S. Secretary of on intake'travelling screens or be exposed to the heated Commerce declared a failure of the LIS commercial effluent in the discharge area. Because of the lobster fishery in January, 2000. In 2001, the U.S. economic and ecological importance of this species, Congress allocated $13.9 million in federal disaster lobsters have been monitored from May through funds'for the LIS lobster industry. Half 'of this Federal October since 1978, using wire lobster traps set at three aid has been earmarked for research investigations on stations around MPS. Since 1984, entrainment studies causes and economic impacts of the die-off and shell have been conducted during the hatching season, to disease in LIS lobsters. estimate the number of lobster larvae drawn through The most notable -changes in the population the cooling water system. The objective of the lobster characteristics of local lobsters during 2001 were monitoring program is to determine if operation of observed in the proportion of egg-bearing females and MPS has caused changes in local lobster abundance their size structure, which may be related to changes in and population characteristics beyond those expected lobster growth and the size at which females become from changes in the fishery and natural variability. sexually mature. The benefits of earlier maturation Despite intense
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