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Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory An inventory of the estuarine fauna in the vicinity of Pensacola, Florida Item Type monograph Authors Cooley, Nelson Publisher Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory Download date 03/10/2021 21:22:42 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18772 An Inventory of the Estuarine Fauna in the Vicinity of Pensacola, Florida Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory Number 31 December 1978 Florida Department of Natural Resources Reubin O'D. Askew Governor Bruce A. Smathers Bill Gunter Secretary of State Treasurer Robert L. Shevin Doyle Conner Attorney General Commissioner of Agriculture Gerald A. Lewis Ralph D, Turlington Comptroller Commissioner of Education Harmon W. Shields Executive Director The Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory publishes two series, Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises and Florida Marine Research Publications. The latter, published at irregular intervals and numbered consecutively, supersedes the following Marine Research Laboratory publications: Professional Papers Series Technical Series Special Scientific Reports Educatior~alSeries Leaflet Series Salt Water Fisheries Leaflet Series The publication,^ include articles, monographs, bibliographies, synopses, and educational summaries dealing with the marine resources of Florida and nearby areas. Copies are distributed to libraries, laboratories, and research institutions throughout the world. Communications concerning receipt or exchange of publications should be directed to the Librarian of the Marine Research Laboratory. Charles R. Futch Editor FLORIDA MARINE RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS Number 31 An Inventory of the Estuarine Fauna in the Vicinity of Pensacola, Florida Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory 100 Eighth Avenue SE St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 ABSTRACT Cooley, Nelson R.' 1978. An Inventory of the Vstuarine Fauna in the Vicinity of Pensacola, F10rida.~Fla. Mar. Res. Publ. No. 31.119 pp. This faunal inventory of the Pensacola Estuary, Florida, records 654 species of benthic and pelagic animals col- lected systematically from 1961 through 1963 and casually in other years. Sampling dates were correlated with approximate mid-points of spring rise and autumnal decline as well as annual extremes of water temperature. Biological sampling was coordinated with seasonal studies of hourly variation in salinity and water temperature during single maximum amplitude tidal cycles recorded simultaneously at six stations along the salinity gradient. Data for each species include salinity of sampling station, habitat, season in which collected, and relative abundance. Predominant species were mollusks (184), annelids (91, chiefly polychaetes), arth- ropods (91, chiefly decapod crustaceans), and bony fishes (180). Spawning of a turbellarian, seven mollusks and 25 crustaceans, and breeding of horseshoe crabs are reported; limited data do not define duration of spawning or breeding seasons. Season. duration and intensity of setting of larvae of oysters, barnacles, bryozoans and ser- pulid worms in Santa Rosa Sound during 1962-63 and in Little Sabine Bay during 1960-63 are also reported. 'Fishery Biologist, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561. (Associate Laboratory of the National Environmental Research Center, Corvallis, Oregon). Formerly U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory. 'Contribution No. 102, Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $5108 or $2.55 per copy to provide the scientific data necessary to preserve, manage, and protect Florida's marine resources and to increase public awareness of the detailed infor- mation needed to wisely govern our marine environment. EDITOR'S NOTE Fox and Mock (1968);MISSISSIPPI: Moore (1961) and Richmond (1962, 1968);ALABAMA: Boschung This paper was accepted for publication in 1970. (1957); FLORIDA: General, Menzcl (1966), Tabb However, the manuscript review process pointed and Manning (1961); Protozoa, Borror (1962); out certain sections requiring revision. These revi- Sponges, De Laubenfels (1936, 1953) and Little sions involved a reworking of the massive amount of (1963); Parasitps, Hutton and Sogandares-Bernal data assembled for this comprehensive work. In the (1960), Loftin (1960), Holliman (1961), and Hutton interim, the Professional Pupers Series was (1964);Nemertineans, Coe (1951);Ectoprocts, Shier superseded by the Florida Marine Reseurch Publica- (1964); Echinoderms, Clark (1954), Deichmann tions. Thus, existing citations referring to this (1954),and Thomas (1962); Mollusks, Raker (1950), paper as being "in press" in the Professional Papers Rehder (1954),and Work (1969);Annelids, Hartman Series would correctly refer to this paper. (1951, 1959),and Carpenter (1956);Arthropods, Pro- venzano (1959) and Grice (1960); Fishes, Ginsburg (various, 1929-1953), Bailey, Winn and Smith (1954),Reid (1954),Kilby (1955),Joseph and Yerger (1956), Briggs (1958), Springer and Woodburn (1960),Yerger (1961),Moe and Martin (1965), Moe, Heemstra, Tyler and Wahlquist (1966), and Starck INTRODUCTION (1968). Man's activities often cause changes deleterious to estuaries. To determine the impact of these ac- tivities, it is necessary to have some standard of METHODS comparison-an informational baseline established earlier. Too often in the past, baseline information The study area is a normal (positive) estuary useful to predict or explain die-off of a fish or oyster (sensu Pritchard, 1952: 3) located in Escambia and population has been lacking. In many estuaries, Santa Rosa Counties in extreme northwest Florida. compilation of such data would have been relatively It is designated "Pensacola Estuary" in this report simple had the need been realized earlier. as a matter of convenience. Five bays (Pensacola, This paper reports results of the first Escambia, East, Blackwater, and Little Sabine) and systematic faunal inventory of estuarine waters Santa Rosa Sound form its major parts (Figure 1). near Pensacola, Florida. It establishes a checklist of Charted depths in Blackwater, Escambia, and Little species and assembles information on their seasonal Sabine Bays are 4.6 meters (m) or less and in East occurrence, relative abundance, and habitats. Such Bay and Santa Rosa Sound, 7.6 m or less; most of information has become increasingly important as a Pensacola Bay is 6.1 to 9.1 m, increasing to nearly basis for measuring or predicting effects of future 18.3 m near the mouth. changes in estuarine environment. Bottom type varies. In shallow areas, the bot- When this investigation began, little had been tom is chiefly sand, sand plus shell fragments of published concerning estuarine fauna in the vicinity varying size and amount, or muddy sand with or of Pensacola. The main reports concerned oysters without grass beds of various sizes. In deep areas, and their predators (Butler, 1951a,b, 1952a,b,c, bottom types range from hard sand to muds of 1954a,b,c, 1955; Chapman, 1955; Cooley, 1958, various consistencies. In Escambia Bay, muds are 1962). Scattered references to species collected at soft and sticky. In Santa Rosa Sound off Town Pensacola appeared as components of studies en- Point, mud contains an admixture of sand. In lower compassing larger geographic areas. Representative Pensacola Bay, mud varies from a mixture contain- of these are reports of ciliate protozoa (Borror, ing sand and fine shell fragments at depths of about 1962), nemertineans (Coe, 1951, 1954) and fishes 12.2 m to sticky mud at greater depths. Escambia (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882; Jordan and Evermann, and East Bays contain isolated oyster reefs in addi- 1898; Evermann and Kendall, 1900; Ginsburg, 1929, tion to bottom types found elsewhere in the estuary. 1951a, 1952c; Bailey, Winn and Smith, 1954). Salinity ranges from essentially freshwater at In this report, the known Pensacola estuarine the upper end of the estuary to 32 to 33 parts per fauna is compared with others reported along the thousand (Oleo) at the lower end near the mouth of Gulf of Mexico. Especially useful in this connection Pensacola Bay. Observed water temperatures have were: TEXAS: Gunter (1945), Hedgpeth (1950), varied from 10.0 to 32.7"C. Whitten, Rosene and Hedgpeth (1950),Ladd (1951), During 1961 though 1963, six stations were Carlgren and Hedgpeth (1952), Breuer (1957, 1962), established along the salinity gradient in Pensacola, Simmons (1957), and Hoese (1958); LOUISIANA: Escambia, and Little Sabine Bays and Santa Rosa Behre (1950), Dawson (1966), Norden (1966), and Sound at sites based on usual salinity levels, bottom 2 FLORIDA MARINE RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS Figure 1. Pensacola Estuary study area, showing station locations. types and water depths (Table 1; Figure l), No sta- tained with a recording thermograph. Water for tions were established in East and Blackwater Bays salinity determinations was obtained by an because their fauna was thought to be similar to automatic sampler designed and constructed by that of Escambia Bay. Laboratory personnel and attached to the salt water Sampling was seasonal but irregular during the system. Salinity was determined by the Mohr silver first year of the study. The following schedule was nitrate titration method. initiated at the beginning of the second year. Sampl- Water samples for salinity determination were ing was confined to months of minimum and max- collected at field
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