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PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes Ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN AGUAS AL SUROESTE DE LA BAHÍA DE PORLAMAR, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA

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PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes Ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN AGUAS AL SUROESTE DE LA BAHÍA DE PORLAMAR, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA SABER. Revista Multidisciplinaria del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad de Oriente ISSN 1315-0162 [email protected] Universidad de Oriente Venezuela PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN AGUAS AL SUROESTE DE LA BAHÍA DE PORLAMAR, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA Tenia, Robert; Figueredo, Arnaldo ; Lira, Carlos; Fuentes, José Luis PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN AGUAS AL SUROESTE DE LA BAHÍA DE PORLAMAR, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA SABER. Revista Multidisciplinaria del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad de Oriente, vol. 28, núm. 2, 2016 Universidad de Oriente Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=427749623002 PDF generado por Redalyc a partir de XML-JATS4R Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN AGUAS AL SUROESTE DE LA BAHÍA DE PORLAMAR, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA PARASITISM AND EPIBIOSIS IN Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) IN WATERS FROM SOUTHWESTERN PORLAMAR BAY, MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA Robert Tenia Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela Arnaldo Figueredo / arnaldo.fi[email protected] Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela Carlos Lira Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela José Luis Fuentes Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela Resumen: Callinectes ornatus es un crustáceo decápodo ampliamente distribuido Robert Tenia, Arnaldo Figueredo, en el Atlántico centro-occidental, con un rol ecológico significativo y una creciente Carlos Lira, et al. valoración socio-económica en las comunidades costeras. Hasta la fecha, existen pocos PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 estudios sobre parásitos y simbiontes en esta especie, a pesar que tales investigaciones (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN pueden brindar importante información sobre las relaciones ecológicas en que participa. AGUAS AL SUROESTE DE LA En este estudio se propuso evaluar los fenómenos de parasitismo y epibiosis en BAHÍA DE PORLAMAR, ISLA DE MARGARITA, VENEZUELA ejemplares de C. ornatus. Cien especímenes fueron obtenidos con cordel cebado en SABER. Revista Multidisciplinaria del aguas someras, trasladados al laboratorio donde fueron sexados, medidos y revisados. Consejo de Investigación de la Los parásitos y epibiontes obtenidos fueron fijados en formol al 10% y, en el caso de Universidad de Oriente, vol. 28, núm. 2, helmintos, adicionalmente fueron teñidos en acetocarmín, deshidratados con alcoholes 2016 y montados permanentemente en bálsamo de Canadá. El 89% de los hospedadores Universidad de Oriente evaluados se asociaba a algún tipo de simbiosis, registrándose 4.024 simbiontes en total, correspondiendo a seis especies. Dos de ellas, los platelmintos Helicometrina nimia Recepción: 15 Diciembre 2015 Aprobación: 15 Febrero 2016 y Microphallus sp. eran parásitos, mientras que las otras cuatro fueron epibiontes: las algas clorofitas Ulva clathrata y U. fasciata, el molusco Crepidula margarita y el artrópodo Octolasmis lowei. Los platelmintos resultaron ser los asociados más Redalyc: http://www.redalyc.org/ articulo.oa?id=427749623002 significativos, con prevalencias de 76% y 43% e intensidades de 8,05 (1-32) y 78,07 (1-379), respectivamente. Se discuten algunas implicaciones ecológicas derivadas de las relaciones observadas, confirmándose la participación de Callinectes ornatus como basibionte para diversas asociaciones. Palabras clave: Helicometrina nimia, Microphallus, Crepidula margarita, Ulva, Octolasmis lowei, metacercarias. Abstract: Callinectes ornatus is a decapod crustacean broadly distributed in western Atlantic, with a significant ecological role and a growing socioeconomic value for coastal communities. So far, there are few studies about parasites and symbionts in this species, despite that this research could offer important data about ecological relationships in which it participates. In this study, it was proposed to assess the parasitism and epibioses in C. ornatus. One hundred crabs were obtained by angling in shallow waters, moved to PDF generado por Redalyc a partir de XML-JATS4R Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Robert Tenia, Arnaldo Figueredo, Carlos Lira, et al. PARASITISMO Y EPIBIOSIS EN Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (CRUSTACEA: PORTUNIDAE) EN AGUAS A... the laboratory, where they were sexed, measured and examined. e obtained parasites and epibionts were fixed in 10% formalin and, in the case of helminths, were additionally stained with acetocarmine, dehydrated with alcohol and permanently mounted with Canada balsam. Eighty nine per cent of reviewed hosts were associated with some kind of symbiosis, accounting for a total of 4024 symbionts, belonging to six species. Two Platyhelminthes, Helicometrina nimia and Microphallus sp. were parasites, while the rest were epibionts: algae Ulva clathrata and U. fasciata, mollusc Crepidula margarita and arthropod Octolasmis lowei. Platyhelminthes were the most significant associates, with prevalences of 76% and 43%, and intensities of 8.05 (1-32) and 78.07 (1-379), respectively. Some ecological implications derived from observed relationships are discussed, confirming the participation of Callinectes ornatus as basibiont for several associations. Keywords: Helicometrina nimia, Microphallus, Crepidula margarita, Ulva, Octolasmis lowei, metacercarias. INTRODUCCIÓN Los crustáceos decápodos constituyen uno de los principales grupos zoológicos de los ecosistemas acuáticos (Torres y Vargas 2007). En cuanto a su diversidad, actualmente se conocen más de 12.000 especies a nivel mundial, aunque se estima que superan las 20.000 (Appeltans et al. 2012). Su importancia ecológica es significativa, ya que transfieren la energía desde los niveles tróficos más bajos a los más altos, en las tramas alimentarias de los ecosistemas que constituyen su hábitat primordial (Villasmil y Mendoza 2001). Además, constituyen un recurso de gran importancia desde el punto de vista acuícola y pesquero, tanto por el volumen de su producción mundial (la cual alcanzó cinco millones de toneladas en el año 2008), como por el valor de la misma, debido a que en el año 2008 generaron más de 22.700 millones de USD (FAO 2010). Dentro de este grupo se encuentra Callinectes ornatus, un cangrejo relativamente grande, el cual puede alcanzar los 120 mm de ancho total del cefalotórax. Suele alimentarse de materia en descomposición, aunque también es depredador activo, además de ser una fuente de alimento para otros organismos acuáticos y aves costeras (Williams 1974). Se distribuye desde Carolina del Norte (EE.UU.) hasta Brasil, incluyendo las islas del Caribe, encontrándose en temperaturas que van desde 18 hasta 31°C (Williams 1984). Esta especie, al igual que otras representantes del género, constituye un recurso pesquero comercial importante en aguas atlánticas y pacíficas (Villasmil y Mendoza 2001). En Venezuela, es explotada principalmente en el Lago de Maracaibo y aproximadamente el 95% del producto procesado es destinada a mercados internacionales. En la naturaleza existe gran variedad de asociaciones biológicas conocidas comúnmente como simbiosis, la cual puede definirse como la convivencia, en asociación cercana prolongada o permanente, de miembros de dos especies diferentes, con consecuencias beneficiosas o deletéreas para, al menos, una de las partes (Abercrombie et al. 1990). En Venezuela se han realizado escasos trabajos relacionados a parásitos y epibiontes en portúnidos, limitándose a los aportes realizados por Nieves (1985), quien hace algunas contribuciones acerca de la biología de C. exasperatus en la Laguna de La Restinga, Isla de Margarita, PDF generado por Redalyc a partir de XML-JATS4R Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto SABER. Revista Multidisciplinaria del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad de Oriente, núm. 2, 2016, Universidad de Oriente mientras que Aguado y Bashirullah (1993) y Bashirullah y Aguado (1993) realizaron estudios sobre la presencia de Octolasmis sp. infestando las branquias de Portunus sp. del oriente de Venezuela. A pesar de la amplia distribución e importancia socio-económica de C. ornatus, existen muy pocos trabajos sobre sus relaciones simbióticas a nivel global y ninguno en Venezuela. Atendiendo a todo lo anterior, se planteó la realización del presente trabajo que tiene como objetivos examinar las relaciones de parasitismo y epibiosis en C. ornatus de aguas del sureste de la Isla de Margarita, identificando las especies involucradas, estimando sus principales indicadores cuantitativos y analizando las implicaciones ecológicas de los hallazgos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Trabajo de campo Los ejemplares de C. ornatus fueron capturados mediante el uso de cordel cebado y un cernidor, en la Playa de Cerro Colorado (10° 56' 40.35” N - 63° 52' 14.85” O), en aguas al sureste de la Isla de Margarita, estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Posteriormente, para su revisión, fueron transportados con aireación portátil al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar (Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Nueva Esparta), ubicado en Boca de Río, municipio Península de Macanao. Trabajo de laboratorio Al llegar al laboratorio se procedió a registrar el sexo del organismo y medir el ancho máximo del cefalotórax (distancia comprendida entre los extremos de las espinas laterales) con ayuda de un ictiómetro. Se realizó una
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