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Teaching English Phonology Flores Rojas, Diana Karen 11 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN Enrique Guzmán y Valle Alma Máter del Magisterio Nacional FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y HUMANIDADES Escuela Profesional de Lenguas Extranjeras MONOGRAFÍA Teaching english phonology Exámen de Suficiencia Profesional Res. N° 0952-2018-D-FCSYH Presentada por: Flores Rojas, Diana Karen Para optar al Título Profesional de Licenciado en Educación Especialidad: A.P. Inglés A.S. Italiano Lima, Perú 2018 ii iii Dedication: To my parents for their unconditional support. iv Index of contents Cover page……………………………………………………………………………………....i Signatures of jury ........................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ................................................................................................................................. iii Index of contents ...................................................................................................................... iv List of tables …………………………………………………………………………………..vii List of figures………………………………………………………………………………... viii Introduction .............................................................................................................................. x Chapter I. Basic concept of phonetic ........................................................................................ 12 1.1 ¿Why pronunciation is necessary in english language? .................................................. 12 1.2 Difference between phonetics and phonology ................................................................. 13 1.3 Features of pronunciation ................................................................................................ 16 1.4 The speech circuit ............................................................................................................ 17 1.4.1 The communication process ................................................................................... 18 1.4.2 Kinds of communication ........................................................................................ 19 1.5 Process of speech production .......................................................................................... 20 1.6 The human vocal tract ..................................................................................................... 23 1.6.1 Anatomy of the vocal tract………………………………………………………. 24 1.6.2 The pharynx……………………………………………………………………… 25 1.6.3 The pharynx is divided into two parts…………………………………………… 26 1.6.4 The larynx……………………………………………………………………… ... 27 1.7 Spelling and pronunciation .............................................................................................. 28 1.8 The english phonetic alphabet ......................................................................................... 28 v Chapter II. Vowel sound ........................................................................................................... 29 2.1 Vowel sounds ................................................................................................................. 29 2.2 Classification…………………………………………………………………………… 31 2.2.1 Vocalic distinctions of american english………………………………………….32 2.2.1.1 The tension of ae………………………………………………………………...32 2.2.1.2 The cot-caught fusion…………………………………………………………... 33 2.2.1.3 The retention of rotic vowels……………………………………………………33 2.3 Qualities…………………………………………………………………………………33 2.3.1 Cardinal vowels………………………………………………………………... …34 Chapter III. Consonant sounds………………………………………………………………..36 3.1 Consonants sounds ……………………………………………………………………...36 3.2 Classification ……………………………………………………………………………39 3.2.1 Expressing………………………………………………………………………... 39 3.2.2 Manners of articulation………………………………………………………… ...40 3.2.3 Places of articulation……………………………………………………………...41 3.3 Consonant sound chart…………………………………………………………………. 45 3.4 Consonant sequences……………………………………………………………………51 Chapter IV. Methodology of teaching english phonology ……………………………………53 4.1 Theories of the teaching of phonology ………………………………………………….53 4.2 Strategies for the teaching of phonology………………………………………………..54 4.2.1 Importance of phonetics and phonology in the teaching of pronunciation………. 54 4.2.2 Some strategies……………………………………………………………………56 4.2.3 Teaching tips: Implementing sound and pronunciation in the classroom………... 56 vi 4.3 English language competences according to the National Curriculum (2016) ……………..57 4.3.1 Communicates orally in english as a foreign language …………………………...57 4.3.2 Read various types of texts written in english as a foreign language……………..59 4.3.3 Write various types of texts in english as a foreign language……………………. 60 Didactic application …………………………………………………………………………..63 Synthesis………………………………………………………………………………………68 Critical appraisal and suggestions …………………………………………………………….70 References …………………………………………………………………………………….71 vii List of tables Table 1. Differences: Phonetics and phonology. ................................................................... .15 Table 2. Pronunciation characteristics ................................................................................... .17 Table 3. Chart of english vowel sounds. ............................................................................... 32 Table 4. Chart of english consonant sounds......................................................................... 36 Table 5. Examples of consonant sounds. .............................................................................. 38 Table 6. Didactic proposal…………………………………………………………………..56 viii List of figures Figure 1. Phonology-phonetic relationship. ............................................................................. 13 Figure 2. A description of phonetics. ...................................................................................... 14 Figure 3. The main characteristics of pronunciation. .............................................................. 17 Figure 4. Saussure's general model of the speech circuit 1916-1959 ...................................... 18 Figure 5. The components of the speech circuit. ..................................................................... 19 Figure 6. The human vocal apparatus used to produce speech. ............................................... 22 Figure 7. Anatomy of the vocal tract. ...................................................................................... 24 Figure 8. Location of pharynx. ................................................................................................. 25 Figure 9. Location of esophagus. ............................................................................................. 26 Figure 10. Trachea. .................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 11. Anatomy of the larynx. ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 12. The english alphabet: 26 letters. ............................................................................. 28 Figure 13.Cardinal vowel. ........................................................................................................ 35 Figure 14. Bilabial sound. ........................................................................................................ 41 Figure 15. Labiodental sound. .................................................................................................. 42 Figure 16. Dental sound. .......................................................................................................... 43 Figure 17. Alveolar sound. ....................................................................................................... 43 Figure 18. Post alveolar sound. ................................................................................................ 44 Figure 19. Velar sound. ............................................................................................................ 45 Figure 20. Consonant classification chart. ............................................................................... 45 ix Figure 21. The sound /I/. .......................................................................................................... 46 Figure 22. The sound / ɒ /. ....................................................................................................... 46 Figure 23. The sound / e /. ....................................................................................................... 47 Figure 24. The sound / æ /. ...................................................................................................... 47 Figure 25. The sound / a: /. ...................................................................................................... 48 Figure 26. The sound / t /. ........................................................................................................ 48 Figure 27. The sound / tʃ /. ...................................................................................................... 49 Figure 28. The sound / s /. ....................................................................................................... 49 Figure 29. The sound /ð/. ......................................................................................................... 50 Figure 30. The sound /m/. ........................................................................................................ 50 x Introduction The present monograph entitled Teaching English phonology develops fundamental
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