Turkey in World Heritage
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REPUBLIC of TURKEY MINISTRY of CULTURE and TOURISM Atatürk Bulvarı No: 29 06050 Opera - Ankara / TURKEY Tel: (+90 312) 309 0850 www.kulturturizm.gov.tr TURKEY IN WORLD HERITAGE NIO M O UN IM D R T IA A L • P • W L O A I R D L D N H O E M R I E TA IN G O E • PATRIM United Nations World Heritage REPUBLIC of TURKEY Educational, Scientific and in Turkey Cultural Organization MINISTRY of CULTURE and TOURISM Nemrut Dağ REPUBLIC of TURKEY MINISTRY of CULTURE and TOURISM Atatürk Bulvarı No: 29 06050 Opera - Ankara / TURKEY Tel: (+90 312) 309 0850 www.kulturturizm.gov.tr Texts: General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums General Directorate of Promotion Photos: Ahmet Kuzik, Akgün Akova, Ali Murat Coruk, Canan Atatekin, Çakabey Özel Okulları, Enver Şengül, Erdal Yazıcı, Erhan Saraloğlu, Fatih Orbay, Gürol Kaya, Hasan Bedir, İbrahim Zaman, İzzet Keribar, Kemal Tor, Mehmet Hengirmen, Muharrem Şimşek, Murat Öcal, Mustafa Türkyılmaz, Orhan Turgut, Sabit Kalfagil, Şahin Dirican, Sami Güner, Selçuk Kızılayak, Şemsi Güner, Servet Uygun, Sıtkı Fırat, Soner Ateşoğulları, Tahsin Aydoğmuş, Umut Özdemir, Yusuf Tuvi, Zafer Eraslan, Archive of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism Print: UNESCO World Heritage List Başak Matbaası Ankara, 2014 • For Free Distribution Humanity has added new value to the places it on the World Heritage List. These include 779 has lived, and left behind masterpieces that carry cultural sites,197 natural sites and also 31 mixed its culture to the following generations. To affirm (cultural/natural) sites. the values accepted as the common heritage of Turkey has 13 cultural property inscribed on all humanity, and to promote and transfer them the UNESCO World Heritage List as of 2014: to future generations, UNESCO adopted “The Historic Areas of İstanbul, City of Safranbolu, Convention concerning the Protection of the Hattusha: The Hittite Capital, Great Mosque and World Cultural and Natural Heritage” at its 17th Hospital of Divriği, Nemrut Dağ, Xanthos-Letoon, General Conference held in Paris in 1972. Turkey Archaeological Site of Troy, Selimiye Mosque and ratified the Convention on 14 February 1983. its Social Complex, Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük, The World Heritage List is a list of global sites Bursa and Cumalıkızık: The Birth of The Ottoman of cultural and natural heritage considered to be Empire, Bergama and Its Multilayered Cultural of outstanding universal value to humanity. The Landscape are cultural sites; Göreme National sites are determined by UNESCO World Heritage Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia and Committee and their protection is ensured by the Hierapolis-Pamukkale are mixed (cultural/natural) countries where they are located. UNESCO aims sites. to ensure international cooperation in protecting This publication aims to promote the sites in the values that form the common heritage of Turkey inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage humanity. As of 2014, there are 1007 world List, and raise awareness in transferring Turkey’s heritage sites from all around the world inscribed cultural heritage to future generations. 1 HISTORIC AREAS SELİMİYE of ISTANBUL MOSQUE and ITS SOCIAL BURSA AND COMPLEX CUMALIKIZIK: THE BIRTH OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE EDİRNE KARABÜK ÇANAKKALE BURSA ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE of TROY ANKARA İZMİR KONYA DENİZLİ PERGAMON AND MUĞLA ITS MULTILAYERED CULTURAL LANDSCAPE HİERAPOLİS- PAMUKKALE NEOLITHIC SITE of ÇATALHÖYÜK XANTHOS-LETOON 2 CITY of SAFRANBOLU GREAT MOSQUE and HOSPITAL of DIVRIĞI HATTUSHA: The HITTITE CAPITAL ÇORUM ANKARA SİVAS NEVŞEHİR ADIYAMAN GÖREME NATIONAL PARK and the ROCK NEMRUT DAĞ SITES of CAPPADOCIA 3 Historic Areas of İstanbul Ayasofya İstanbul The love of continents Date of Inscription on the World Heritage List: 1985 List Reference: 356 Criteria: Cultural The Historic Areas of İstanbul, situated on a unique mosaics of Ayasofya; Topkapı Palace, peninsula surrounded by the Sea of Marmara, the administrative centre of the Ottoman Empire; Boğaziçi (Bosphorus), and Haliç (Golden Horn), Süleymaniye Mosque, the masterpiece of imperial were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage architect Mimar Sinan, rising above the Golden List in 1985. Horn; Yerebatan Sarnıcı (the Basilica Cistern); the City Walls; the timber houses; and the music İstanbul is the only city situated on two continents dancing at the domes of Aya İrini (Hagia Eirene) in the world. The Historic Areas of İstanbul are announce İstanbul as the capital of history and represented by four main areas: Sultanahmet culture. Archaeological Park, Süleymaniye Conservation Area, Zeyrek Conservation Area and Land Walls Ayasofya Museum, which is one of the historical Conservation Area. These areas differ from each areas of İstanbul, was constructed between 532- other in terms of the periods and characteristics 537 AD. One of the oldest holy shrines in the of the cultural property that they house, and they world, the building today serves as a museum to display the urban history of İstanbul. the common culture of humanity. The city, which has been settled since 6500 BC, Sultanahmet Mosque, which is right across served as the capital of the Eastern Roman and from Ayasofya, is one of the most magnificent Ottoman Empires. More than 120 emperors and mosques in the city with its domes, side domes, sultans ruled the city for more than 1600 years. and 6 minarets. The mosque has more than 260 windows and is decorated with İznik tiles. İstanbul is a holy city, where mosques, churches and synagogues exist side by side, and even The Topkapı Palace, which was the center for declare their unity Sultanahmet Mosque (Blue administration, education, and art of the Ottoman Mosque); Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) and the Empire for nearly 380 years, serves as a Museum 5 today. The Museum of Topkapı Palace, one of the can be seen in the shallow waters of the cistern, most outstanding palace museums in the world and it is the most visited attraction in the Park. with its architecture and collections inherited from An important part of the historical areas of the palace, houses many unique works. İstanbul is the hundreds of mansions, timber Yerebatan Sarnıcı (the Basilica Cistern), which houses, and public buildings in Zeyrek and was built in 542 AD (during the period of Justinian Süleymaniye Conservation Areas that have I) in order to provide water to the Büyük (Great) managed to survive until today. Built between Palace, is situated within the Archaeological Park. 1550 and 1557, Süleymaniye Mosque and Its According to Greek mythology, Medusa turned Complex is one of the masterpieces of the royal anyone who dared to gaze directly at her to stone. architect Mimar Sinan. The head of Medusa carved at the column-base 6 Land Walls, located on the West boundary of the Countless poems and songs have been written Historical Peninsula and lying from the Golden and composed for the city. İstanbul is a city full of Horn to Sea of Marmara in the north south history and invites visitors to experience its rich direction, are one of the biggest projects of the culture and beauty. Ancient Period. Its construction started at the Although they are not inscribed on the World beginning of the 5th century during the reign of Heritage Area, the palaces, mosques, Historical Theodosius II. Land Walls are of high quality with Grand Bazaar and the Galata Tower which their size, design, construction techniques and was built by the Genoese and inscribed on the materials. Tentative List of Turkey, are also significant İstanbul with its history and natural beauty has cultural properties worth seeing in Istanbul. been a source of inspiration for numerous artists. 7 City of Safranbolu Authentic example of the tradition Date of Inscription on the World Heritage List: 1994 List Reference: 614 Criteria: Cultural Safranbolu, a unique Anatolian city that brings The Safranbolu Houses represent the city culture history to life through its mosques, market, in an original way. There are 2000 traditional neighbourhoods, streets and historic houses, was Safranbolu houses, which are the best examples inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in of the traditional Turkish housing architecture. 1994. The city is represented as three parts in the The houses with modest floor plans, customs and World Heritage List; Çukur, Kıranköy and Bağlar. traditions, are a unique spatial account of Turkish lifestyle and culture based on respect for the The city has a known history that dates back nature and neighbours. to 3000 BC and is located in a region which was ruled by the Hittites, the Phrygians, the The overhanging first floor extensions of the Lydians, Persians, Hellenistic Kingdoms (Ponds), houses give the city a different sense. The house Romans, Seljuks, principalities of Çobanoğlu and windows are specially designed as narrow and Candaroğlu, and the Ottomans respectively. tall windows. The timber window frames and sashes feature timber grills called “muşabak”. Safranbolu’s current layout and features were Details such as timber ceilings, decorated timber established in the 17th and 18th centuries. wall surfaces, wrought iron door fittings, locks Safranbolu is one of the few important cities that and keys, malakari (shallow gypsum) decorations remained intact and developed in accordance applied on timber exteriors, and the quality of with the Turkish city structure over time. The masonry work, are important demonstrations of most remarkable aspects of those houses stem the intricate detail of the houses’ construction. from their harmony with nature and their feature designed to protect the nature. 9 Hattusha: The Hittite Capital Yazılıkaya Open-air museum Date of Inscription on the World Heritage List: 1986 List Reference: 377 Criteria: Cultural Having been founded around 1650 BC, Hattusha Yazılıkaya Temple, which is situated 2 km was the capital of the Hittite Civilization and northwest of Hattusha, is considered to be the became the focus of the arts and architecture of most significant open air temple of the city. It that time.