The Technology of Traditional Milk Products in Developing Countries
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03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 85 The technology of traditional milk products in developing countries CONTENTS The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-26 ISBN 92-5-102899-0 D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 1/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1990 ©FAO Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics. CONTENTS FOREWORD SUMMARY D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 2/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … PART A IMPORTANCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF TRADITIONAL MILK PRODUCTS SECTION I : MILK AS A RAW MATERIAL ANIMAL SPECIES AND MILK COMPOSITION 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 4.1 Argentina and Uruguay 4.2 Brazil and Chile 4.3 Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay 5. Middle East - Syria 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan SECTION II : MILKING CONDITIONS AND HYGIENE 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 4.1 Argentina and Uruguay 4.2 Brazil and Chile D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 3/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 5. Middle4.3 Peru, East Bolivia - Syria and Paraguay 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan SECTION III : LEVEL OF PROCESSING 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 4.1 Dairy Factories - Industrial Dairy Products 4.2 Small Dairy Processing Units For Traditional Dairy Products 5. Middle East - Syria 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan SECTION IV : TECHNOLOGY OF MAIN CATEGORIES PRODUCTS 1. Conservation of Milk 2. Fermented Milk Products 3. Lactic Acid Fermentation 4. Description and outline Method for Traditional Milk Products 5. Fermented Milks 5.1 Southern and Eastern Africa - General 5.1.1 Fermented Milk 5.1.2 Concentrated Fermented Milk D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 4/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 5.2 Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 5.2.1 Irgo 5.2.2 Hard Fermented Milk Curd 5.2.3 Arrerra 5.3 West Africa - Mali 5.3.1 Kadam 5.3.2 Sour Butter Milk 5.4 Southcone Countries of Latin America 5.4.1 Youghurt 5.5 Middle East - Syria 5.5.1 Laban 5.5.2 Labaneh (Laban Mousafa) 5.5.3 Shenineh 5.5.4 Shenglish (Sorke) 5.5.5 Keshkeh 5.6 India and Neighbouring Countries 5.6.1 Dahi 5.6.2 Mishti Doi 5.6.3 Lassi 5.6.4 Shrikhand 5.6.5 Shrikhand Wadi 5.6.6 Chhaas 5.6.7 Kadhi 5.7 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 5/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 5.7.1 Dahi Production in Nepal 5.7.2 Mahi 6. Butter and Ghee and Related Products 6.1 Butter Making 6.1.1 Southern and Eastern Africa - General 6.1.1.1 General Method for Butter 6.1.2 Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 6.1.2.1 Kibe 6.1.3 West Africa - Mali 6.1.3.1 Nebam 6.1.4 Southcone Countries of Latin America 6.1.4.1 Farm Butter 6.1.5 Middle East - Syria 6.1.5.1 Zobdeh 6.1.6 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.1.6.1 Makkhan 6.1.7 Himalayan Area - Nepal and Bhutan 6.1.7.1 Nauni Ghiu (Nepal), Ma Bhutan 6.1.7.2 Butter Salt Tea 6.1.7.3 Production of Ghee 6.2 Methods for the Preparation of Ghee in India 6.3 Malai (Balai) 7. Cheese and Cheese Products 7.1 Southern and Eastern Africa D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 6/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 7.1.1 General 7.1.2 Sudan - Gibna Bayda 7.2 Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 7.2.1 Ayib 7.3 Southcone Countries of Latin America 7.3.1 Traditional Cheesemaking 7.3.2 Traditional Cheese Varieties Made in Southcone Countries of Latin America 7.3.3 Chile 7.3.3.1 Farm Chanco 7.3.3.2 Quesillo 7.3.3.3 Farm Goat Cheese 7.3.4 Peru 7.3.4.1 Queso Fresco 7.3.4.2 Queso Paria 7.3.4.3 Serrano 7.3.4.4 Quesillo 7.3.4.5 Cuajada 7.3.4.6 Queso Andino (Andean Cheese 7.3.4.7 Goat Cheese 7.3.5 Paraguay 7.3.5.1 Requeson Dietetico (Diet Fresh Curd) 7.3.6 Bolivia 7.3.6.1 Queso Criollo (Farm Cheese) D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 7/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 7.3.7 Brazil 7.3.7.1 Minas Frescal (Fresh Minas) 7.3.7.2 Minas Madurado 7.3.7.3 Prato 7.3.7.4 Requeson 7.3.7.5 Mozzarella 7.3.8 Argentina 7.3.8.1 Cuartirolo 7.3.8.2 Queso de Tafi 7.3.9 Uruguay 7.3.9.1 Cuartirolo 7.3.9.2 Italian Varieties 7.4 Middle East - Syria 7.4.1 General Method 7.4.2 Karisheh 7.5 India and Neighbouring Countries 7.5.1 Paneer 7.5.2 Surti Paneer 7.5.3 Bandel 7.5.4 Dacca 7.5.5 Chhanna 7.5.6 Chhanna-based sweets: rasogolla 7.5.7 Other Chhanna-based sweets; sandesh, chhanna-murki, pantooa, chumchum, khirmohan, rasmalai D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 8/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 7.5.8 Lalmohan 7.6 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan 7.6.1 Soft Cheese 7.6.2 Sher or Shergum (Nepal), Dartsi (Bhutan) 7.6.3 Shosim (sogar) 7.6.4 Durukho 7.6.5 Churtsi 7.6.6 Chhuga or Chhurpi 7.6.7 Chhanna 8. Other Milk-Based Products 8.1 Southern and Eastern Africa - General 8.1.1 Blood and Milk Mixtures 8.2 Southcone Countries of Latin America 8.2.1 Dulce de Leche, Doce de Leite, Manjar 8.2.2 Cola de Mono 8.3 Middle East - Syria 8.3.1 Mouhalayeh 8.3.2 Ice Cream 8.4 India and Neighbouring Countries 8.4.1 Khoa 8.4.2 Peda 8.4.3 Other Khoa-based sweets; Burfi, Kalakand, Gulabjamun, Kalajamun or Kalajam 8.4.4 Rabri, Tar (in Nepal) 8.4.5 Khurchan D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 9/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 8.4.6 Basundi 8.4.7 Kheer 8.4.8 Palpayasam 8.4.9 Kulfi or Malai Kulfi 8.5 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan 8.5.1 Khoa SECTION V : ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL MILK PRODUCTS 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 5. Middle East - Syria 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL MILK PRODUCTS IN THE SECTION VI : NATIONAL DIET 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 5. Middle East - Syria 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 10/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan SECTION VII : ORGANISATION OF MARKETING 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 5. Middle East - Syria 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan SECTION GENERAL DISCUSSION, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS VIII : 1. Southern and Eastern Africa - General 2. Southern and Eastern Africa - Ethiopia 3. West Africa - Mali 4. Southcone Countries of Latin America 5. Middle East - Syria 6. Asia 6.1 India and Neighbouring Countries 6.2 Himalayan Region - Nepal and Bhutan REFERENCES TABLES 1. Composition of milk of different species D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Master/dvd001/…/meister10.htm 11/223 03/11/2011 The technology of traditional milk products in developing … 2.