Language Policy Report of 2013 Presented the Main Results of This Survey

cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingü- ística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.catLanguage • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del Policycatalà • Cursos • Reportparla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del cata- là • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Fo- ment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polí- tiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció2014 exterior • Foment de l’ús • Im- mersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla. cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingü- ística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua

Generalitat de Catalunya Ministry of Culture Summary

The current language situation 5 Sign language in Catalan (LSC) 100 Language knowledge among the population 6 Promotion of knowledge of Catalan Language use among the population 18 sign language 100 Language use in Barcelona’s retail sector 26 Language use in the media and ICT 29 Occitan; Aranese in Val d’Aran 103 Language use in cultural industries 33 The language situation of Aranese Occitan 103 Language use in education 37 Promoting knowledge of Aranese 107 The Justice Administration 43 Encouraging the use of Aranese 108

Government action 47 The legal framework 114 Promotion of knowledge of Catalan 48 Legislation corresponding to 2014 114 Certification of Catalan knowledge 61 Jurisdictional action 120 Tools and services for language quality 63 Pending regulations 127 Fostering the use of Catalan 67 Other Catalan-speaking regions: regulatory changes 128 Language rights 87

Annexes International exposure 89 The teaching of Catalan abroad 89 Budget 133 Collaboration with other Catalan-speaking territories 93 Institutional structure 139 Activities in the Spanish State 96 Involvement in European organisations 97 The language situation

35.7% of the adult population 82.4% of the population aged 85.5% of managers and 27.5% of people born in of Catalonia was born over 15 can read Catalan and professionals can speak Catalonia, both of whose {elsewhere: 17.2% abroad and 60.4% can write it. and write Catalan. 80.4% of parents were born elsewhere, 18.5% in the rest of Spain. 48% of the population has a technical and administrative use Catalan to speak to their Both parents of 55.3% of the high standard of Catalan in all staff can speak and write children. adult population were born language skills. Catalan. 80% of the population of Val outside Catalonia. 662,300 people have native 750,000 people have adopted d’Aran understand Aranese 94.3% of the population aged languages other than Catalan Catalan even though they have Occitan. over 15 understand Catalan and or Spanish. different native languages. 80.4% are able to speak it: 65.6% Almost 68% of people who 60.2% of people born in speak it fluently or very well. deal with the general public, Catalonia with one parent salespeople and supervisors who is also a native Catalan can speak and write Catalan. use Catalan to speak to their children. Education

There were 1,295,196 students The average use of Catalan 61% of the people who signed 5,848 foreign university enrolled at schools in Catalonia in degree courses is 76.5%. In up for the Beginner and students studied Catalan {for the 2013-14 academic year. Masters’ courses, this figure is Elementary levels of CPNL were language, literature and culture. Of these, 12.7% are foreigners: 56.8%. born abroad: 32,309 students. 182 teachers from all over the 164,877 students. In Catalan universities, 1,815 42,368 new students signed up world took part in training Community education plans, language exchange pairs were for Parla.cat, which now has a programmes. which strengthen the use of formed and 5,533 students took total of 183,325 registered users. 147 Catalan courses were Catalan, have reached 333,239 part in language and cultural Aula Mestra (Master Class) organized by the Generalitat students. reception activities. offers more than 3,000 activities (Catalan government) and 75% of secondary school 750,000 adults are interested in to adult education teachers to Catalan communities abroad. students have a high or learning Catalan. create Catalan courses. 7 educational centres offered medium-high level of Catalan The Consortium for Language 1,064 people signed up for bilingual education in Catalan and Spanish. Normalisation organised 3,229 Catalan courses in vocational sign language and Catalan. 96.3% of high school students courses for which 67,465 people training and 1,465 in the 108 people followed courses use Catalan in university enrolled in 155 locations. restaurant sector. in Aranese for adults and 1,591 entrance examinations. 14,231 adults obtained a students signed up for online Catalan certificate in 2014. Aranese courses. Fostering use

The Census of organisations In 2014, the highest-ever Agreements with the 5 96 organizations and 14 that promote the use of Catalan percentage of music consumption professional associations languages at the Terminology {grew by 18.33%, going from in Catalan was reached: 13.3%. in the legal sector to promote Summit. 120 to 142 entities. Grants were awarded to 104 the use of Catalan. 1,401 people and 2,339 More than 90,000 language projects of organizations and 1,442 legal professionals qualifications on the Registry pairs have joined the Language companies to promote the use attended courses in Catalan. of Sworn Translators and Volunteering programme of Catalan. 171 State laws translated and Interpreters. in the last 11 years. Agreement with PIMEC for the consolidated in Catalan on the More than 825,000 people 4,687 establishments and CATEMPRÈN project to support Legal Portal of Catalonia, plus visited the exhibition «Catalan, organizations have collaborated business communications in 10,535 pages of the Official State the language of Europe» with the Language Volunteering Catalan. Gazette (BOE) translated into in 43 towns. programme. The «Oberts al Català» (Open to Catalan. The language policy websites Readership of daily newspapers Catalan) campaign of the Trade 12,242,424 searches on received over 7.5 million visits. in Catalan has grown by 6.8%: Confederation of Catalonia, Optimot, the online language The seventh Occitan Film from 35.3% in 2013 to 42.1% with the support of the Ministry reference service. Festival was shown in 31 towns. in 2014. of Culture, reached 109 More than 80 online establishments in 2014. 208,077 requests for automatic There were agreements to dictionaries available on Aranese Occitan translations. subtitle 148 films and 17 series More than 5,000 agreements TERMCAT. on CANAL+, and 40 films were reached between the CPNL The Institute of Aranese Studies subtitled in Catalan in Texas and companies to promote the was granted official language Cinemas. use of Catalan. academy status.

Legal Framework

Decree 150/2014, of 18 Decree 180/2014 of 30 Decree 12/2014, of 21 January November 2014, on the December 2014, on the 2014, granting the Institute {Reception of Immigrants and certification of legal language of Aranese Studies the status of Returnees to Catalonia: knowledge. official language academy and establishes the services for Law 13/2014, of 30 October linguistic authority on Aranese achieving skills in Catalan. 2014, on accessibility: includes Occitan in Catalonia. a section on Catalan sign language. The current language situation

he design of language policies needs to be based on up-to-date information on the current lan- Tguage situation in our society. In Catalonia, various statistical sources are available to provide information on people’s linguistic knowledge and the uses people make of languages in different fields. Among the various sources of sociolinguistic data, the most wide-reaching study is the Popu- lation Survey on Language Use (EULP) which has been conducted every five years since 2003 by the Ministry of Culture through the General Directorate for Language Policy and IDESCAT (the Catalan Institute of Statistics). The Language Policy Report of 2013 presented the main results of this survey. Last year an in-depth analysis was carried out and the 2014 report highlights some key factors. In the last 40 years, the number of people who understand Catalan has increased by 15 percentage points in spite of the population increase of 1.5 million inhabitants who were born elsewhere. In 2014 an analysis was also made of the linguistic data of the Population Census of 2011, which is done every ten years. The graph on knowledge of Catalan on page 8 shows the linguistic knowledge of the population aged 2 and over for 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011.

5 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language The population of Catalonia Foreign population* by country 2014 knowledge The total population of Catalonia in 2014 was 7,518,903 inhabitants. Of these, 4,835,032 (64.3%) were population of % of total among born in Catalonia, 1,393,243 (18.5%) were born in the rest of Spain and 1,290,628 (17.2%) were born the country foreign the population abroad. The percentage of people born abroad has risen from 1.5% in 1981 to 17.2% in 2014. population Morocco 226,818 20.8 % Romania 98,239 9.0 % Population place 1981 1986 1991 1996 2003 2008 2013 2014 China 49,773 4.6 % of birth. Italy 48,857 4.5 % 1981-2014 1.5 % 1.7 % 1.7 % 2.8 % 9.3 % 16.4 % 17.5 % 17.2 % 100 % Pakistan 44,449 4.1 % 34.4 % 32.3 % 30.8 % 28.8 % 90 % 24.7 % Bolivia 42,039 3.9 % 20.9 % 18.8 % 80 % 18.5 % Ecuador 41,834 3.8 % 70 % 68.4 % Colombia 31,671 2.9 % 65.9 % 67.5 % 66.0 % 60 % 63.4 % 62.8 % 63.7 % 64.3 % Born in Catalonia France 32,071 2.9 % 50 % Peru 24,269 2.2 % 40 % Dominican 30 % Born in the rest of Spain Republic 21,675 2.0 % 20 % Argentina 20,955 1.9 % 10 % Senegal 20,280 1.9 % Born abroad 0 % Honduras 20,223 1.9 % Source: IDESCAT. Ongoing population census. United Kingdom 19,296 1.8 % Germany 20,119 1.8 % The Spanish-speaking foreign population in Catalonia is 267,354 people which represents India 19,268 1.8 % 24.5% of the total population with foreign nationality. Russia 19,967 1.8 % Brazil 17,600 1.6 % Ukraine 17,786 1.6 % Gambia 15,835 1.5 % Other countries 236,190 21.7% TOTAL 1,089,214 100.0%

*Population with foreign nationality.

Source: IDESCAT.

6 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Family origin of population The place of birth is a very important variable with regard to the use and level of knowledge of the language, but so is the family origin which to a great extent determines the initial language. Successive waves of migrants, the basis of Catalonia’s demographic growth, have determined the fact that most Catalans have family origins outside Catalonia. Both parents of around 29% of the population aged over 15 were born in Catalonia, while for 14% of the population one parent was born in Catalonia and the other elsewhere in Spain. In the population aged over 15 as a whole, both parents were born elsewhere in Spain in 38% of cases, while both parents were born abroad in 17% of cases. Finally, only 2% of Catalan residents aged over Both parents 15 are children of a couple formed by one parent born abroad and the other parent both in the rest were born outside of Spain or Catalonia. Catalonia for { 55.3% of the adult Population aged population 15+ according both in one parent both elswhere one parent both parents catalonia in catalonia in spain abroad and abroad to parents’ place and the other the other in of birth 2013 elsewhere catalonia or } in spain elsewhere in spain

50 % 38.2 % 40 % 28.6 % 30 %

17.1 % 20 % 13.9 %

10 % 2.2 %

0 %

Source: EULP 2013. Population of 15 years and over. IDESCAT.

7 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Breakdown of the population by age, sex and place of birth In the foreign-born population there is a majority of men while in the population born in the rest of The foreign-born Spain women clearly predominate. population represents Virtually all the current child population was born in Catalonia, but the percentage of native- born people drops with age; in the group of over-65s less than 50% of the population is native-born, one out of the lowest figure being in the group aged 70-74. In contrast, the percentage of people born in other {every three parts of Spain is very low in children and young people. In the population segment of over-60s, inhabitants in the number of residents born in the rest of Spain is slightly higher than the number of residents the 24 to 34 age group born in Catalonia. The foreign percentage is quite high in the segment of 15 to 49-year-olds (28.3%), particularly in the group of 24 to 34-year-olds (one in every three inhabitants). }

Population according to place Men Women of birth, sex and Aged 85+ age. 2014 Aged 80-84

Aged 75 to 79 years

Aged 70 to 74 years

Aged 65 to 69 years

Aged 60 to 64 years

Aged 55 to 59 years

Aged 50 to 54 years

Aged 45 to 49 years

Aged 40 to 44 years

Aged 35 to 39 years

Aged 30 to 34 years

Aged 25 to 29 years

Aged 20 to 24 years

Aged 15 to 19 years Born in Catalonia Aged 10 to 14 years

Aged 5 to 9 years

Born elsewhere in Spain Aged 0 to 4 years

400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000

Born abroad IDESCAT. of Inhabitants. Census Municipal Source:

8 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Knowledge of Catalan 1981-2011 In Catalonia, according to data from the 2011 Language Census for the population as a whole, knowledge of Catalan is as follows: can understand it (95.2%), can read it (79.1%), can speak it (73.2%) and can write it (55.8%). Overall, reading and especially writing skills have increased quite considerably over the last few years in terms of both percentages and absolute figures. The main reason for this is the educational system, known as language conjunction, in which Catalan is used as the main vehicular language. This growth in Catalan knowledge has happened despite the major international immigration that took place in the first decade of the 21st century. The ability to speak Catalan, which is a key skill in that it encourages the maintenance and spread of oral use, has evolved in a different way. There was a clear increase between 1986 and 2011, but not a continued and progressive percentage increase over time; the maximum percentage was reached in 2007 since when it has slightly declined.

Knowledge of Catalan. 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2007 2011 Population aged 2+. 1981- 2011 100 % 95.0 % 95.2 % 90 % 93.8 % 94.5 % 93.8 % 90.3 % 79.1 % 75.3 % 74.5 % 75.6 % 80 % 79.8 % 68.3 % 64.0 % 74.3 % 70 % 72.4 % 73.0 % 73.2 % 67.6 % 60 % Understands 60.5 % 56.3 % 55.8 % 50 % Can speak 49.8 % 45.8 % 40 % Can read 39.9 % 30 % Can write 31.5 %

Sources: drawn up by DGPL, based on data from Idescat (1986 to 2011).

9 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Knowledge of Catalan in eleven major towns The data relating to large towns corroborate the general trend towards an increase in knowledge up In Sabadell, Terrassa to 2001, followed by a gradual drop from that date onwards in most of the cities in the study, with and Mataró the three notable exceptions: Sabadell, Terrassa and Mataró. In the case of the first two, not only has there percentage of the been no drop in numbers but, in fact, the percentage of people who can speak Catalan remained population who can speak stable between 1986 and 2011, with an increase between 2001 and 2011. The reason for this appears to lie in the different intensities of the two major immigration waves in the last 60 years. In this case, { Catalan Sabadell and Terrassa are the two cities in the study with the lowest percentage of foreigners arriving has grown in the last 5 year periods. Given that the reason for the backward slide in the percentage of people steadily since 1986 who can speak Catalan over the last five year periods is the international immigration of the early- } 21st century, the lower proportion in this case has allowed the trend to be overturned.

Ability to speak Catalan by municipality. Population aged 2+. 1986-2011

santa coloma l'hospitalet badalona sabadell terrassa mataró tarragona barcelona reus lleida girona de gramenet de llobregat 90 % 83 82 81 82 78 79 80 80 % 78 74 75 75 75 75 74 75 75 72 72 72 70 70 71 70 70 71 72 71 69 69 70 70 70 % 67 64 64 65 62 62 62 61 59 59 58 58 60 % 53 55 55 55 52 51 51 49 50 % 42 42 43 40 %

29 30 %

20 %

10 %

0 % Source: Language Census.

1986 1991 1996 2001 2011 Knowledge of Catalan in the adult population In Catalonia, most of the population aged over 15 say they can understand, speak, read and write Catalan in the following proportions: can understand (94.3%), can speak (80.4%), can read (82.4%), can write (60.4%). The number of people who know how to speak Catalan has increased by more than 9% since 1986 and the number of people who know how to write it has almost doubled (by 24 percentage points).

Knowledge 2003 2008 2013 of Catalan. Population of 96.5 % 94.6 % 94.3 % 15 years and over. 100 % 2003-2013 89.0 % 90 % 81.7 % 82.4 % 80 % 81.6 % 80.4 % 78.3 % 70 %

60 % 61.8 % 58.8 % 60.4 % 50 % Understands 40 %

30 % Can speak 20 % Can read 10 %

0 % Can write

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

11 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Knowledge of Catalan by level The vast majority (94.3%) of the population aged over 15 say they understand Catalan, though when this is qualified by levels those who understand it perfectly or very well drops to 80.7%. 80.4% say they can speak Catalan while 65.6% say they speak it fluently or very well. 82.4% say 65.6% of the adult they can read Catalan, but only 69.7% say they read it perfectly or very well. population speak Catalan Finally, 60.4% of Catalans aged over 15 say they can write Catalan, while 48.7% say they can fluently or very well write it perfectly or very well. Everything points to the fact that there are certain large sectors of the adult population who have not yet fully assimilated Catalan language skills. { }

Knowledge of Catalan by level. understand can speak it can read it can write it 2013 yes/no level yes/no level yes/no level yes/no level

100 % 5.7 % 4.8 % 19.6 % 17.5 % 17.6 % 15.2 % 39.6 % 32.1 % 3.6 % 94.3 % 90 % 10.4 % 4.4 % 5.9 % 80 % 17.1 % 80.4 % 82.4 % 10.6 % 11.0 %

70 % 17.2 % 7 % Yes 64.1 % 16.9 % 60 % 60.4 % 12.2 % No

50 % 48.7 % 52.5 % 19.2 %

40 % Not at all

30 % Very little 29.5 %

Average 20 %

Good 10 %

Fluent 0 %

Source: EULP 2013. Population of 15 years and over.

12 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Population according to Catalan knowledge In Catalonia, 48.1% of the population has a high level of Catalan in all skills (2,963,000 people); 17.5% speak it easily but have a low level of reading and writing (1,080,000); and 7.8% (483,000) un- 48% derstand and read Catalan but have weak speaking and writing skills. of the population One in every four citizens aged over 15 (26.6%) has weaknesses (1,634,000), as they have either (2,963,000 people) have no knowledge or very little knowledge of Catalan, or they have a low level in every skill (10.5%), or a high level of Catalan they understand and read Catalan a little but neither speak nor write it (5%), or they do not under- { in every skill stand anything or just a tiny bit (11.1%). The lower level of Catalan knowledge is primarily among } immigrants despite the incorporation of younger, better-educated generations and the progressive loss of generations with less Catalan education.

Type of Catalan knowledge. 2008-2013 Has a high level in every 48.1 % skill 45.1 %

Can speak it, but has difficulties 17.5 % reading and writing 20.2 %

Understands and can read it easily 7.8 % and can speak a little 7.0 %

Has a low level in every skill 10.5 % 11.4 %

Understands and reads it easily 5.0 % but cannot speak or write it 6.6 %

Does not understand, or finds 11.1 % it very difficult to understand 9.6 % 2013

0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 % 2008

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

13 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Professional profiles and knowledge of Catalan and Spanish Four main groups can be distinguished in terms of professional profiles. With regard to manual workers, most people were born outside Catalonia. Except for Spanish, their language skills are limited. Just over 46% of them claim every language skill in Catalan. This group is characterized by a Almost 68% of low level of higher education, fewer women, a larger proportion of immigrants and limited use of people who deal with Catalan as the habitual language. the public, salespeople In the case of people who deal with the public, salespeople and supervisors, this group is pre- { and supervisors dominantly female with lower university studies rates than the average. Although this particular can speak and profile is not usually required to produce complex written work, their Catalan skills are still limited (67.9% understand, speak and write Catalan). This group has the highest interest in learning or im- write Catalan proving their knowledge of Catalan. Among administrative and technical personnel or copywriters there are noticeable differences compared to the previous groups. More than 80% have all the Catalan language skills. This is the } group with the lowest rates of foreigners and those born elsewhere in Spain, primarily made up of professionals with university qualifications. There are more women than men in this group.

Knowledge of manual dealing with administrative managers, total Catalan and Spanish workerss the public, salespeople and technical staff professionals by profession. and supervisors and scientists 2008-2013 99.7 % 99.4 % 97.5 % 98.0 % 98.8 % 97.5 % 95.0 % 97.1 % 96.5 % 100 % 93.2 %

84.2 % 85.5 % 90 % 83.1 % 80.4 % 80 % 67.9 % 68.2 % 70 % 65.7 % 61.6 % 60 % 49.3 % 50 % 46.3 %

40 %

30 % Catalan: can speak, read and write it 20 %

10 % Spanish: can speak, read and write it 0 % 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over. of 15 years EULP2013. Population Source: Interest in learning Catalan 17.6% of the Catalan population have followed a non-official Catalan language course at some time. This represents a total of just over 1,100,000 people. There are four distinct profiles with a relative interest in or association with learning Catalan for adults: a) those who have already done some kind of course and wish to continue (just over 700,000 people); b) those who do not want to continue doing a course (approx. 300,000 people); c) those who have never done a course but would like to enrol on one (over 1,800,000 people), and d) people who have never done a course nor wish to do one (just over 2,860,000 people). With regard to profiles, the group with the highest expectations is that of people born abroad. This is the group with the highest number of people who want to do a course, regardless of whether or not they have already done one. In total there are almost 750,000 people; 275,000 who have already done a course and wish to continue studying Catalan, and around 475,000 who have never done a course but are interested in learning the language.

Interest in learning 750,000 adults Catalan according catalonia elsewhere abroad are interested in learning to place of birth in spain Catalan 2013 { 100 % 8.8 % 9.9 % 26.4 % } 90 % 5.9 % 7.1 %

80 % 31.4 % 22.6 % 3.9 % 70 % 44.4 % Learners who want 60 % 60.4 % to continue doing a course

50 % 53.9 % Learners who do not want 40 % to continue

30 %

20 % 25.3 % Have never done a course but would like to 10 %

0 % Have never done a course and do not want to Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

15 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 People who can speak each language The percentage of the adult population who say they can speak Spanish has remained stable at almost 100%. 80.4% of With regard to Catalan, the percentage has grown by more than 2% between 2008 and 2013, the population reaching a maximum of 80.4% of the population aged over 15. aged over 15 Over the same period, knowledge of English grew by 4.6% while that of French dropped by can speak 0.3%. The average of people who say they can speak other languages has also risen by over 4%. { Catalan } People who can speak each language. 2008 and 2013

understand can speak it can read it can write it

99.9 % 99.8 % 99.7 % 99.7 % 100 % 97.4 % 97.4 % 95.9 % 95.6 % 94.6 % 94.3 % 90 % 82.4 % 80.4 % 81.7 % 80 % 78.3 %

70 % 61.8 % 60.4 % 60 %

50 %

40 % 38.4 % 32.0 % 31.0 % 34.7 % 30.6 % 30 % 26.4 % 27.9 % 21.3 % 23.9 % 24.1 % 20 % 16.7 % 19.2 % 16.4 % 16.9 % 12.7 % 12.8 % 10 %

0 %

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over. Catalan Spanish English French 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013

16 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In Catalonia, 662,300 people have different native languages from Catalan or Spanish, broken down as follows: Arabic, 151,700 people; Romanian (56,100), Amazigh (41,800), French (38,800), Galician (33,200), Russian (31,900), Italian (29,200), Portuguese (26,500) and English (26,500).

Population with Arabic Romanian Amazigh French Galician Russian Italian English Portuguese Aranese Other Other other languages languages combinations as first language. 2013 (thousands) 193.5 200 151.7 150

100 56.1 41.8 38.8 50 33.2 31.9 29.2 26.5 26.5 31.0 2.2 0

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

662,300 people have other native languages than Catalan { and Spanish }

17 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use From first language to identification language among the One of the characteristics of Catalan as a language of identification is its power of attraction; in other 750,000 people population words, people regard it as their language even though it was not their first or native language. This (12.1% of the population is corroborated by 750,000 people (12.1% of the population aged over 15) who declare themselves aged over 15) adopt as Catalan-speakers even though they have other linguistic origins, mainly Spanish. In the case of {Catalan despite having speakers of other languages, Spanish has the highest power of attraction. other linguistic origins The most important language groups are: people who still maintain Spanish (44.9%; 2,772,000 people) and those who maintain Catalan (29.2%; 1,803,000). }

From first language to identification language. 2013 Maintain Spanish 44.9 %

Maintain Catalan 29.2 %

Adopt Catalan 12.1 % (on its own or combined)

Maintain other languages 7.9 %

Adopt Spanish after Catalan 2.4 % (on its own or combined)

Adopt Spanish from other 2.0 % languages (on its own or combined)

Maintain Catalan and Spanish 1.0 %

Adopt other languages 0.3 % (on their own or combined)

Other situations 0.2 %

0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 %

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

18 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Intergenerational language transmission The graph below shows the use of Catalan with parents and children corresponding to each category of the family’s geographic origin variable. There are five categories which, from left to right, range from the most to the least deeply rooted population in the region. The category with the most deeply-rooted population is made up of people who were born in Catalan-speaking regions and whose parents were also 60.2% of those born there. People within the least deeply-rooted population are found in the two categories to the right, born in Catalonia with comprising people born outside the Catalan-speaking region. This shows the major impact of migrations one parent also born here over the last 60 years on the family use of Catalan: only the people most deeply-rooted in the region are {use Catalan with their primary users of Catalan with their parents and children. children The two groups that have moved forward the most in language transmission are those who were } born in Catalan-speaking regions as the children of those born outside them. This demonstrates that the power of attraction of Catalan continues to be very strong, as a significant proportion of the children of those who have migrated from outside Catalonia adopt Catalan as their family and future languages, with children choosing to use it.

Use of Catalan subject and subject and one subject born subject born subject born with parents and both parents parent born in catalan- elsewhere abroad children depending born in catalan- in catalan- speaking region in spain on family origin. speaking speaking with both 2013 regions regions parents born elsewhere

90 % 84.6 % 79.2 % of native 80 % 27.5% Catalans, both of whose 70 % parents were born 60.2 % {elsewhere, use Catalan 60 % with their children } 50 %

40 % 27.5 % 30 % 23.2 %

Use of Catalan 20 % with parents 8.1 % 10 % 5.6 % 2.2 % 1.5 % 1.2 % Use of Catalan with children 0 % Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over. Language maintenance and adoption in intergenerational transmission The maintain categories refer to people who speak the same language with their parents and children; there is no change in transmission. Those who do change are included in the ‘adopt’ categories, which refers to people who speak to their children in a different language than the one they use with their parents. The other cases category is a catch-all category of sub-samples that are too small to be relevant for analysis. In most of the population (76.2%) there is no change in intergenerational transmission; in other words, the same language is spoken with both parents and children. Among those who change, the largest group adopts Catalan (11.9%); 6.6% adopt both Catalan and Spanish with their children; while the smallest group, 3.8%, adopts Spanish. The group that adopts Catalan amounts to around 470,000 people.

Behaviour in Maintain Catalan intergenerational 25.6% language transmission. 2013 Other cases Maintain 1.5% Spanish 43.4% Adopt Spanish 3.8

Adopt Catalan and Spanish of people adopt Catalan with 6.6 % 11.9% their children, even though they speak Adopt Catalan {other languages with their own parents. 11.9% Also, 6.6% adopt Catalan and Spanish with their children Maintain other language or combinations thereof 7.2% }

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

20 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use In Catalonia there are two languages of habitual use: 36.3% of the population say they use Catalan There are not while 50.7% say they use Spanish, while 6.8% say they use both languages regularly. 6% say they use two distinct language other languages or other combinations. groups. This distinction between two major groups can be qualified if instead of referring to the habitual language we apply the percentage of use of each language declared by each person. Those 62.6% of the surveyed can be broken down according to their use of spoken Catalan and Spanish in increments {population makes varied of 10% as well as two sections at each end of those who speak the language either 100% or not at use of Catalan ranging all. The data show that in Catalonia there are not two distinct user groups but rather a continuum from 11% between 0% and 100%. One quarter of the population say they never speak Catalan while 12% say up to 100% they speak it between 1% and 10% of the time. 62.6% of the population make varied use of Catalan } which ranges from 11% to 100%. Exclusive users of Catalan represent 6.3% of the population. In terms of the use of Spanish, there is a slightly different result: at one end of the continuum is 19.4% of the population who say they only speak Spanish, followed by a small series of waves made up of speakers of Spanish in different proportions down to 6.8% who say they never speak it.

Sociolinguistic groups. 100% 6.3 % 2013 19.4 % 91% - 99% 5.6 % 4.3 % 81% - 90% 8.7 % 6.7 % 71% - 80% 8.1 % 6.2 % 4.7 % 61% to 70% 5.3 % 3.2 % 51% to 60% 4.7 % 9.0 % 50 % 11.1 % 31% to 40% 0.5 % 0.5 % 41% to 49% 5.1 % 5.0 % 5.6 % 21% to 30% 7.0 % 5.8 % 11% - 20% 8.5 % 12.0 % 1% - 10% 14.5 % Catalan 25.4 % 0 % 6.8 %

Spanish 0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over. Language use in consumer and service sectors In Catalonia there is no diglossia situation; in other words, languages are not chosen according to the environment, but quite the contrary – it seems that in every environment people speak both Catalan and Spanish but in different proportions. Those who only or mainly speak Catalan are found mainly in dealings with local and Gen- eralitat administrations and in relations with fellow students. At the other extreme, those who only Those who speak or mainly use Spanish mostly use it in personal messages, relations with the State Administration only or mainly based in Catalonia, in large department stores, with neighbours and at home. It turns out that some of the areas that would seem less favourable towards Catalan when add- Catalan {predominate in relations ing in the categories of only and more … than are actually better placed when compared to the results of only Catalan because there are certain areas that lean heavily towards a certain language with local and Generalitat and others that facilitate the use of both languages in different proportions. administrations and in relations with fellow students Language uses in the context of Generalitat Administration } consumption and 42.0 % 9.8 % 7.6 % 7.1 % 33.4 % service provision. 2013 Local administration 39.5 % 11.0 % 8.3 % 7.1 % 33.9 % Catalan only Banks and More Catalan savings banks than Spanish 31.5 % 11.9 % 11.8 % 8.0 % 36.5 %

Same Catalan Doctor as Spanish 28.1 % 12.6 % 12.2 % 7.3 % 39.6 % More Spanish than Catalan State Spanish only Administration 23.9 % 13.8 % 11.6 % 10.6 % 39.8 % Other combinations Shops and small retailers More of other 21.6 % 17.8 % 15.1 % 11.3 % 33.5 % languages than Catalan or Spanish Large retailers

Other languages 18.2 % 16.1 % 15.6 % 13.2 % 36.6 %

only and over. of 15 years EULP2013. Population Source: 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % Interpersonal language use Generally speaking, the situations in which there are few interlocutors, such as writing notes or at home, are more favourable to the use of a single language than situations with a lot of people such as friends, neighbours, clients and work colleagues. Seen from this perspective, the most favourable Customer-facing situations to the use of Catalan are not the more formal or private ones but rather those in which one service staff adapt their or more of the following conditions arises: language to Catalan a) The speaker has the guarantee that all the other people know that language, such as local or Generalitat administrations or fellow students (most of whom are fluent in both languages). {speakers in 60% b) The speaker is interested in adapting to the other people, for example if they are clients. In of cases this respect, it is significant that the percentage of people surveyed who deal with clients and users } and say they only speak Spanish does not even reach 25%. In other words, those who can speak Catalan speak it wherever they can when their counter- parts also speak it.

Interpersonal At home language use. 2013 26.7 % 5.4 % 8.0 % 11.4 % 39.7 %

Personal messages

23.2 % 5.5 % 7.5 % 9.8 % 48.7 % Catalan only Current fellow students

More Catalan 20.8 % 23.8 % 17.6 % 15.6 % 16.8 % than Spanish Neighbours Same Catalan as Spanish 17.5 % 14.9 % 15.9 % 12.0 % 38.1 %

More Spanish Work colleagues than Catalan (only employed population) 17.5 % 17.2 % 18.0 % 15.2 % 27.3 % Spanish only Work colleagues (employed and those who are unemployed but have worked previously) 17.1 % 16.0 % 17.1 % 13.8 % 31.7 % Other combinations Friends

More of other 15.1 % 16.0 % 15.8 % 14.9 % 30.8 % languages than Catalan or Spanish Clients/users in Catalonia

12.9 % 24.7 % 23.0 % 11.5 % 23.2 %

Other languages only and over. of 15 years EULP2013. Population Source: 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % Demolinguistic profiles in regional terms In metropolitan Catalonia, which comprises the city of Barcelona, the rest of the metropolitan area of Barcelona, the Penedès region and the county of Camp de Tarragona, Spanish clearly predominates in terms of both the first language and the language uses of the population. Given that this is home to the largest population, in overall terms what happens in these regions determines the results of the whole Principality of Catalonia. In the territorial group made up of Girona province, the central counties, the Ponent region and the High Pyrenees and Aran, Catalan is the most widely-used language, though there is an increase in other languages as a result of more recent immigration. This phenomenon could reduce the influence of Catalan as the habitual language in demographic terms. A third demolinguistic profile is formed by the Terres de l’Ebre, where the use of Catalan is clearly in a majority as well as native Catalan speakers. The percentage of people born elsewhere in Spain is much lower here than in other regions, yet the number of people born abroad is not. Catalan is the predominant language in every indicator.

Sociolinguistic groups by region. 2013

mainly use alternate between mainly use mainly use other catalan catalan and spanish spanish languages and spanish

Rest of the metropolitan area 20.9 % 20.4 % 52.1 % 6.6 % Barcelona city 30.1 % 24.6 % 35.3 % 10 % Penedès 34.6 % 21.5 % 35.1 % 8.8 % Camp de Tarragona 36.1 % 19.7 % 34 % 10.2 % Counties of Girona 53.2 % 16.3 % 17.9 % 12.6 % High Pyrenees and Aran 61.1 % 12.1 % 15.9 % 10.9 % Central counties 63.1 % 17.1 % 14.1 % 5.7 % Ponent region 63.2 % 13.2 % 13.7 % 9.9 % Terres de l’Ebre 73.2 % 9.6 % 9.1 % 8.2 %

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

24 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The language in which conversations are started 25.3% of the population of Catalonia say they always start conversations in Catalan; 26.5% do so very often; 17.8% only sometimes and 30.4% say they never start a conversation in Catalan because they are not competent enough (19.1%) or because they don’t want to (11.3%). Overall, 51.8%, representing around three million people, always or very often start conversations in Catalan; one million people do not often start conversations in Catalan, and 30.8%, almost 1.9 million people, say they never start a conversation in Catalan.

Frequency of starting conversations in Catalan. 2013 Never Always 30.4% 25.3%

Not very often Very often 17.8% 26.5%

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

51% of the population always or very often start conversations { in Catalan }

25 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use Availability of Catalan in the retail sector in Barcelona in Barcelona’s An analysis was made of the languages available in 4,778 establishments in Barcelona, in different retail sector districts of the city. The result gives a closer insight into the availability of Catalan in commercial establishments. With the data collected, an index of between 0 and 100 points was drawn up which sums up the availability of Catalan in different business sectors. The index of identifying signage is higher than that of informative signage, given that almost one third of informative signage is written in Spanish. Both the identifying signage and the informative signage have improved a great deal since 2005 (by 11 and 14 points respectively). The indicator of oral language adaptation is 30 points higher than that of language identification, which indicates that many, but not all, establishments adapt to the customer’s language. Since 2005, there has been a slight drop in the use of oral language which has been more significant in oral language identification. In other words, fewer establishments are using Catalan straight away with customers. This decline in the use of Catalan as a service language can be attributed to establishments run by foreign immigrants.

Ofercat Index, identifying informative oral oral adaptation Barcelona. signage signage identification language 2005-2012 language 80 72 70 67 70

60 56 56

50 42 46 40 40

20 2005 10

2012 0

Source: Ofercat Barcelona, 2012.

26 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Identifying signage and informative signage by district The Ofercat index fluctuates between a maximum in Gràcia and a minimum in Ciutat Vella. The use of Catalan in signage has improved compared to 2005 in all districts, especially Hor- ta-Guinardó, Sants-Montjuïc, Sant Martí, Sant Andreu and Nou Barris. The growing presence of franchise signage in the more central districts, where the only identification is the brand name of the chain, often in another language, limits the growth of Catalan in signage in these districts.

Ofercat indicators on identifying and informative signage by district. Barcelona

gràcia horta - sants - sant sant nou eixample les corts sarrià - ciutat guinardó montjuïc martí andreu barris sant gervasi vella

80 73 73 70 71 71 70 70 66 63 62 63 61 60 58 58 57 60 55 51 51

50 45 45

20 Identifying signage

Informative 0 signage

Source: Ofercat Barcelona, 2012.

27 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Oral identification and adaptation language In every district The language used in service situations is closely connected to the sociolinguistic situation of the re- of Barcelona, gion. The use of Catalan as the oral identification language has dropped compared to 2005 in almost the availability every district, especially where the number of immigrants is highest (Ciutat Vella). In contrast, the of Catalan as an oral use of Catalan as an oral service language has improved in Gràcia, Les Corts and Sarrià-Sant Gervasi. { In every district, the use of Catalan as an oral adaptation language is much better than its use as adaptation an oral identification language. This difference is particularly noticeable in Sant Andreu, Les Corts, language is Eixample and Sant Martí. considerably better than its use in oral identification Ofercat indicators on oral identification and adaptation language by district. Barcelona }

gràcia horta - sants - sant sant nou eixample les corts sarrià - ciutat guinardó montjuïc martí andreu barris sant gervasi vella

90 83 84 79 80 68 76 73

70 65 64 62 57 60 56 50 50 50 43

40 34 33 34 32 31

30 Language 19 of oral 20 identification

10 Language of oral 0 adaptation Source: Ofercat Barcelona, 2012.

28 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use Television and radio in the media Some 54.2% of television viewers have watched programmes in Catalan while 82.7% have watched The radio is and ICT programmes in Spanish. In the last year, viewing figures of television in Catalan have increased, as the medium in which in 2013 the percentage of people who had watched programmes in Catalan was 47.8%. Catalan is most The radio is the medium with the highest audience in Catalan with 63.5% (radio in Catalan widely used, with only – 42.1%; in both Catalan and Spanish – 21.4%). In the last period, the audience of Catalan-only { programmes dropped by 1.8 points but the listening audience of radio stations broadcasting in both 63.5% languages increased by 3 points. of listeners }

Language of television use. 2013-2014 Language of radio use. 2013-2014 Multiple-choice question about the total users of each medium Multiple-choice question about the total users of each medium

catalan spanish other catalan spanish in both other languages languages languages

100 % 100 %

90 % 83.0 % 82.7 % 90 %

80 % 80 %

70 % 70 %

60 % 54.2 % 60 % 47.8 % 45.1 % 50 % 50 % 43.9 % 42.1 % 39.0 % 40 % 40 %

30 % 30 % 21.4 % 18.4 % 20 % 20 %

10 % 3.4 % 2.6 % 10 % 2.1 % 1.6 %

0 % 0 % 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Source: Survey of cultural participation in Catalonia 2014. Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia 2014. People aged 14+. Yesterday’s audience. People aged 14+. Yesterday’s audience.

29 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Newspapers and magazines 42.1% of people who read newspapers have read a newspaper in Catalan and 17.3% have read the dual Catalan/Spanish version. 43.6% of newspaper readers have read a newspaper in Spanish. The use of The readership newspapers in Catalan has increased in the last year by almost 7% and the use of newspapers with of newspapers in Catalan editions in both languages by almost 3%. has gone from 35.3% With regard to magazines, 19.1% of people who have read magazines did so in Catalan and 26% { in both languages. 56.7% of people read them in Spanish. Since 2013, the readership of magazines in 2013 to 42.1% in Catalan has increased by 6% and the readership of magazines in both Catalan and Spanish by in 2014 } almost 19%.

Language of newspaper readership. 2013-2014 Language of magazine readership. 2013-2014 Multiple-choice question about the total users of each medium Multiple-choice question about the total users of each medium

catalan spanish both other catalan spanish both other editions languages editions languages 100 % 100 %

90 % 90 % 83.5 %

80 % 80 %

70 % 70 % 56.7 % 60 % 60 % 48.4 % 50 % 42.1 % 43.6 % 50 %

40 % 35.3 % 40 % 26.0 % 30 % 30 % 17.3 % 19.1 % 20 % 14.4 % 20 % 12.9 % 7.2 % 5.5 % 10 % 1.2 % 1.9 % 10 % 4.0 %

0 % 0 % 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. People aged 14+. Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia. People aged 14+. Yesterday newspapers audience, magazine audience in the last 30 days. Yesterday newspapers audience, magazine audience in the last 30 days.

30 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Internet 37.6% of people who have used the internet visited pages in Catalan and 88.4% in Spanish. 20.7% of internet users visit pages in other languages, mainly English (15.3%). The use of websites in Catalan has fallen by 4.1 points since 2013. Since 2013 there has also been a drop in the use of websites in other languages (-4.5 points) while the use of pages in Spanish has also continued to drop (-0.7 points). The fact that internet searches are less multilingual means that the user rates of all languages have dropped.

Language of catalan spanish other internet usage. languages 2013-2014 100 % Multiple-choice 89.1 % 88.4 % question on the total 90 % users of each medium 80 %

70 %

60 %

50 % 41.7 % 37.6 % 40 % 25.2 % 30 % 20.7 % 20 %

10 % 2,6 %

0 % 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia 2014. People aged 14+. Audience in the last 30 days.

31 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Videogames In 2014, 73.7% of videogame users played a videogame in Spanish during the last three months, while just 1.6% played a videogame in Catalan; 22.2% have played games in other languages. The limited range of videogames in Catalan makes it very difficult for there to be any increase in videogame use in this language. The use of videogames in Spanish continues the downward trajectory that started in 2012 and there is an increase in the use of videogames in other languages (4 percentage points more than in 2013).

Language of the last videogame played. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2009-2014 100 %

90 %

80 % 84.7 % 84.1 % 82.3 % 82.2 % 78.5 % 70 % 73.7 %

60 %

50 %

40 % 22.2 % 30 % 18.2 % 14.3 % 16.5 % 14.8 % 16.1 % 20 %

10 %

0 % 1.4 % 1.9 % 1.6 % 1.8 % 1.9 % 1.6 %

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia 2014. Population aged 14+ who have played a videogame in the last three months.

Catalan Spanish Other

32 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use Cinema in cultural Of the total film sessions in Catalan cinemas, 3% were dubbed, subtitled or original versions in Cat- industries alan. In absolute numbers, the total number of dubbed, subtitled or original film versions shown in Catalan amounted to 22,816. In 2014, of the most recent films seen by cinemagoers, 5.5% were in Catalan, 88.8% were in Spanish and the other 5.5% were in other languages.

Film sessions in Catalan. Original versions, dubbed and subtitled. 2009-2014 Language of most recent film seen. 2009-2014

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

100 % 100 %

90 % 90 % 91.3 % 91.4 % 80 % 80 % 87.3 % 86.4 % 88.2 % 88.8 %

70 % 70 %

60 % 60 %

50 % 50 %

40 % 40 %

30 % 30 %

20 % 20 % 8.3 % 2.5 % 3.1 % 3.5 % 4.8 % 2.9 % 3.0 % 3.8 % 4.5 % 7.9 % 6.0 % 5.5 % 10 % 10 %

0 % 0 % 4.7 % 4.3 % 5.1 % 5.3 % 5.1 % 5.5 %

Source: Cultural statistics, 2015. Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia, 2014. People aged 14+ who have been to the cinema in the last three months.

Catalan Spanish Other

33 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Books In 2013, 26.2% of publications were in Catalan, 65% in Spanish and 8.8% in other languages. In absolute numbers, 8,747 publications were released in Catalan. Although the number of books in Catalan dropped between 2012 and 2013 in percentage terms, In 2014, 24.8% in absolute numbers there were 250 more titles in 2013. of readers said the last In 2014, 24.8% of readers read a book in Catalan and 69% in Spanish. Since 2013 the percentage book they read was of readers of books in Catalan has remained steady and even increased slightly, while there has been { in Catalan a slight drop in readers of Spanish books. } There is an evident relationship between supply and consumption, as the percentages in relation to both are around 25%.

Publishing output (titles) in Catalonia by publication language. Language of the last book read. 2009-2014 2009-2013

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

100 % 100 %

90 % 90 % 71.4 % 69.6 % 70.6 % 70.4 % 80 % 67.4 % 80 % 69.0 % 70.0 % 69.0 % 63.3 % 65.0 % 66.6 % 70 % 70 %

60 % 60 %

50 % 50 %

40 % 40 % 27.8 % 25.6 % 24.9 % 24.7 % 26.8 % 26.2 % 24.4 % 25.5 % 26.7 % 24.3 % 24.8 % 30 % 30 %

20 % 20 % 4.2 % 5.0 % 5.6 % 5.6 % 5.6 % 5.9 % 10 % 10 % 9.9 % 8.8 % 0 % 4.8 % 4.5 % 7.9 % 0 %

Source: Cultural statistics, 2015. Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia, 2014. People aged 14+ who have read a book in the last 12 months.

Catalan Spanish Other Catalan Spanish Other

34 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Performance In 2013, 56% of theatrical performances were in Catalan, 26.7% in Spanish, 8.3% in multiple languages and 2% in other languages. In absolute numbers there were 9,341 theatrical performances in Catalan. In 2014, 52.9% of theatre and performing arts audiences said the last show they saw was in Catalan, 43.8% in Spanish and 6.7% in other languages. Catalan is the predominant language of the theatre offering and audiences in Catalonia. Availability determines linguistic consumption, in that consumption is low for cultural products in short supply, yet on the other hand, when cultural products are widely available, so is their consumption in Catalan.

Performance arts shown in theatres by language of publication. Language of most recent show seen. 2013-2014 2009-2013

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 catalan spanish other no language languages 58.6 % 60 % 55.6 % 56.2 % 54.6 % 56.0 % 51.4 % 52.9 % 60 % 50 % 46.5 % 43.8 % 50 % 40 % 40 % 28.4 % 27.2 % 27.5 % 24.6 % 26.7 % 30 % 30 %

20 % 20 % 8.7 % 9.0 % 9.2 % 5.2 % 5.0 % 6.6 % 7.2 % 7.9 % 8.3 % 10 % 6.8 % 6.7 % 6.0 % 10 % 3.8 % 6.9 % 0 % 0 % 2.1 % 2.6 % 2.1 % 1.7 % 2.0 % 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014

Source: Cultural statistics, 2015. Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia, 2014. Multiple-choice question. People aged 14+ who have been to a show in the last 12 months.

Catalan Spanish Other Multilingual Non-speaking

35 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Music In the last three months, 13.3% of consumers chose to listen to songs in Catalan, 44.7% to songs in Spanish and 40.2% to songs in other languages or music without lyrics. In terms of trends, and with regard to Catalan, the percentages achieved in 2011 have been recovered and even surpassed in 2014. For this reason, in 2014 the percentage of consumption of music in Catalan reached its highest point since 2009. In 2014, the percentage of consumption of music in Catalan reached its highest point since 2009: Language { of the last song 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 13.3% listened to. 100 % } 2009-2014 90 %

80 % 61.6 % 70 % 58.6 % 60 % 52.2 % 47.1 % 43.7 % 44.7 % 50 %

40 % 42.7 % 43.1 % 42.9 % 30 % 37.7 % 32.6 % 40.2 % 20 %

10 % 12.4 % 13.3 % 9.7 % 9.8 % 9.1 % 0 % 5.8 %

Source: Survey on cultural participation in Catalonia 2014. People aged 14+ who have listened to music in the last three months.

Catalan Spanish Other

36 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use Schoolchildren in education There were 1,295,196 students enrolled in the public and private educational system in the academic year of 2013-2014. There are 4,906 schools in Catalonia: 3,439 public and 1,467 private.

Students according 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 to academic year. 2008-2014 1,300,000 1,284,825 1,295,196 1,250,000 1,274,729 1,241,826 1,200,000 1,214,940 1,150,000 1,186,163

1,100,000

Source: Education statistics for the 2013-2014 academic year.

The language model for formal education in Catalonia is established on the basis of the language conjunction system that has received international recognition and guarantees that students will be 164,877 fully conversant with both Catalan and Spanish when they complete their education. foreign students enrolled During the 2013-2014 academic year, 164,877 foreign students were enrolled, representing during 2013-2014, 12.7% of the total school population. {12.7% of the total school population

Evolution } 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 of foreign students. 2008-2014 170,000

165,000 168,579 168,479 164,027 164,877 160,000

155,000 156,945 157,879

150,000

Source: Education statistics for the 2013-2014 academic year.

37 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use in the classroom. 4th year of ESO The use of Catalan by teachers when addressing students in the classroom is over 80%: 61.1% always Just over 80% or almost always use it and 19.7% frequently use it. In second place, with 11.9%, are teachers who of teachers use Catalan sometimes use it, followed by 7.4% who rarely, never or almost never use it. always or almost always Compared to 2006, the use of Catalan has increased as at that time frequent use was at 73.8%: with students in the 63.6% used it always or almost always, and 10.2% used it often. In 2006, 12.4% of students said their { classroom and 11.9% teachers never used Catalan or did so very rarely. do so sometimes The use of Catalan by students with their teachers in the classroom is slightly lower than the } use of the language by teachers. However, in 2013 the most frequent use of Catalan by students with teachers was 75.3%: 53.9% used it always or almost always, and 21.4% used it often. 10.8% of students never used Catalan with their teachers in the classroom or did so very rarely. Once again, in 2006 the use of Catalan by students with their teachers in the classroom was lower than in 2013: the percentage of students who always or almost always used Catalan with their teachers in the classroom was 64.5% while 24.1% never or very rarely used it. These are the results of a survey of a sample of students who in 2013 were participants in the skills test survey for the fourth year of compulsory secondary education (ESO).

Use of Catalan Use of Catalan by teachers 2006 2013 2006 2013 by students with and students in 100 % 10.5 % 2.8 % 100 % 14.46,7 % 4.2 % teachers in the classroom. 4.6 % the classroom. 4th year of ESO. 6.6 % 90 % 1.9 % 11.9 % 90 % 4th year of ESO. 2006 and 2013 13.8 % 13.8 % 2006 and 2013 9.7 % 80 % 19.7 % 80 % 11.4 % 10.2 % 21.4 % 70 % 70 %

63.6 % 8.6 % 60 % 61.1 % 60 % 55.9 % 53.9 % Never or almost 50 % 50 % never

Very rarely 40 % 40 %

Always or almost 30 % 30 % always 20 % 20 % Often Source: Ministry of Education. 10 % 10 % Sociodemographic and Sometimes linguistic survey of fourth year ESO students in Catalonia. 0 % 0 % 2013. Language usage of students with friends outside school. 4th year of ESO The same students who, in the classroom, use Catalan always or almost always do not use it with the same frequency with their friends outside school: 33.3% use it always or almost always while 14.7% use it often. 39.1% of students in the fourth year of ESO never or very rarely use it (12.9%).

Use of Catalan 2006 2013 with friends outside 48% of students in the fourth school. 4th year of 100 % 50.1 % 39.1 % ESO 2006 and 2013 year of ESO use Catalan always, 90 % almost always or often with their friends outside school 80 % { } 70 %

60 % 12.9 %

50 % 5.2 % 14.7 % Never or almost 10.1 % never 40 % 3.7 % Very rarely 12.8 % 30 % 30.9 % Always or almost 20 % 20.5 % always

10 % Often

0 % Sometimes

Source: Ministry of Education. Sociodemographic and linguistic survey of students in the fourth year of ESO in Catalonia. 2013.

39 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use in university entrance examinations. 96.3% of high school students used Catalan in university entrance examinations (PAU), the highest percentage since 2007. Overall, 68,888 exams were held in Catalan and 2,659 in Spanish. By county, students in the Val d’Aran sat 86.4% of their exams in Catalan and 13.6% in Spanish. In 35 of the 41 counties, the use of Catalan was higher than 96.3%.

Use of Catalan 2007 2008 2009 and Spanish in PAU 2010 2014 (university entrance exams). 2007-2014 100 % 93.9 % 94.3 % 95.3 % 96.3 % 90 % 94.5 % 80 %

70 % 96.3% of high school students used Catalan in 60 % their university entrance 50 % { examinations 40 % } 30 %

20 % 5.5 % 6.1 % 5.7 % 4.7 % 3.7 % 10 %

0 %

Source: Comparative survey of the use of Catalan in PAU. Secretariat of Universities and Research.

Catalan Spanish

40 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use in public universities The figures referring to language use in graduate and masters’ degree courses were obtained by extrapolation from the subjects whose teaching language is known; in other words 90% of all courses. Compared to degree courses, and analysing the variation in the last three years in relative terms, In degree courses, it can be seen that, on average, Catalan has remained constant in over 75% of cases, with slight the average use fluctuations to around 76%. of Catalan has remained With regard to other languages, and given the growing process of internationalization of Catalan constant at over universities, there has been a gradual but sustained increase in these languages, essentially English, { 75% } which went from 7.3% in 2011-2012 to 9.1% in the 2013-2014 academic year. The internationalization of the Catalan university system is compatible with a model in which Catalan, as the native language, is also the language of Catalan universities.

Language use in degree courses. 2011-2014

UB UAB UPC UPF UdG UdL URV weighted average

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

100 % 0.9 5.2 4.3 13.7 13.2 13.6 5.3 9.0 7.3 17.0 16.8 20.2 1.9 1.8 5.2 6.8 7.0 3.3 4.1 4.0 8.7 7.3 8.6 9.1 22.9 6.8 7.5 3.7 3.9 23.9 23.0 21.5 9.9 6.7 11.0 8.1 90 % 15.9 91.3 8.6 92.2 92.1 8.6 15.5 16.0 14.4 90.7 88.1 13.8 17.0 13.9 88.6 27.4 84.4 80 % 82.8 28.1 82.2 82.7 27.6 77.2 75.2 75.1 75.4 76.5 72.8 72.5 72.5 73.2 70 % 71.8 69.8

60 % 55.8 54.9 52.2 50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 % Source: Secretariat for Universities and Research. for Universities Secretariat Source:

Catalan Spanish Other languages With regard to language use on Masters’ courses, in which the impact of internationalization is higher due to the number of foreign students (which fluctuates around 30%), the participation The average of foreign lecturers and the duration of these courses (one year as a general rule), the use of other use of Catalan languages – essentially English – is significantly higher than that of degree courses. in Masters’ courses is Compared to the 2012-2013 academic year, in the 2013-2014 academic year there was a drop in other languages to the benefit of Spanish, which is due to the fact that there was a very high number 56.8% of university students from Latin American countries. However, the use of Catalan has remained { } stable compared to the previous academic year.

Language use in teaching Masters’ courses. 2011-2014

UB UAB UPC UPF UdG UdL URV weighted average

100 % 16.1 12.2 10.8 9.3 13.3 19.4 27.0 39.4 39.5 39.3 37.3 40.2 14.3 15.0 17.8 8.3 12.0 19.3 16.2 17.1 10.3 18.4 22.3 17.0

90 % 20.2 29.5 29.6 33.4 25.2 29.1 7.2 11.8 21.9 16.5 15.9 16.0 16.0 80 % 20.3 26.2 19.5 78.5 11.1 20.8 73.2 70 % 70.5 70.2 20.2 69.6 67.8 66.3 66.9 60.6 62.0 29.8 62.8 60 % 61.1 16.2 18.8 25.9 62.2 61.3 58.2 32.4 56.9 56.8 55.8 52.8 50 % 44.4 40 % 41.7

34.8 32.9 30 % 27.4 20 %

10 %

0 % Source: Secretariat for Universities and Research. Catalan Spanish Other languages

42 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The Justice Court rulings Administration The use of Catalan in judicial rulings is around 12.2% and there has been a downward trend in terms of both absolute numbers and percentages since 2009.

Court rulings by language. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2009-2014 300,000

250,000

230,305 222,849 200,000 210,563 221,359 86.9 % 217,543 217,795 87.3 % 84.0 % 85.5 % 87.6 % 87.8 % 150,000

100,000

50,000

39,974 37,645 34,734 32,479 30,698 30,354 0 16.0 % 14.5 % 13.1 % 12.7 % 12.4 % 12.2 %

Source: Ministry of Justice.

Catalan Spanish

The percentage of rulings in Catalan is { 12.2% }

43 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Documentation used in property, commercial and real Documents presented estate registries in Catalan. 2014 The data reflect a very unequal panorama depending on the geographical region which ranges from the Berga Registry where the documentation presented in Catalan exceeds 66% to Registry No. 17 in Barcelona No. 10 12.41 % Barcelona, where the documents presented in Catalan barely account for 1%. Barcelona No. 17 0.03 % In 2014, almost 17% of the documentation presented in a sampling of 23 Property Registries Barcelona No. 2 14.83 % was in Catalan. The use of Catalan in the documentation submitted to Property Registries remained Berga 66.83 % stable from 2010 to 2012, but from 2013 it started to drop slightly. Cambrils 4.28 % In general, the language in which documents are recorded corresponds to the language in L’Escala 21.08 % which they are written. Igualada No. 1 25.03 % Igualada No. 2 11.95 % Lleida No. 1 7.83 % Documentation Lleida No. 4 4.44 % 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 presented in Catalan. Manresa No. 1 51.32 % 2009-2014 30 % Manresa No. 2 27.11 % 25 % Mataró No. 2 11.39 % Barcelona Companies 4.37 % 20 % Mont-roig 10.88 % 19.7 % 19.4 % 19.8 % 19.8 % 17.8 % 15 % 16.9 % Reus No. 1 12.66 % Reus No. 2 34.27 % 10 % Roses No. 1 15.11 % 5 % Tarragona No. 1 6.83 % Terrassa No. 3 9.86 % 0 % Source: Drawn up by the DGPL with data from the Deganat Autonòmic dels Registradors de la Propietat, Mercantil Tremp 11.17 % i de Béns Mobles (Autonomous Deanery of Registrars of Real Property, Trade and Personal Property Catalonia). Valls 23.16 % Vilanova i la Geltrú No. 1 1.05 % Average 16.9 %

Source: Autonomous Deanery of Registrars of Property and Commercial Registrars of Catalonia.

44 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The use of Catalan in notarial documents The absolute number of official notary documents issued in Catalonia dropped slightly compared to 2013 in both Catalan and Spanish. Part of this decline, with regard to Catalan, can be explained by the fact that a large proportion of notary documents are commercial or financial by nature, and the drop in the number of Catalan-owned financial institutions has meant that the clauses of contracts are written in Spanish, given that the head offices and legal departments are increasingly based in Spain.

Notarial documents 9.4% of official in Catalan. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 notary documents were 2010-2014 written in Catalan 1,200,000 { 11.7 % 9.4 % 9.4 % } 1,000,000 110,507 11.2 % 11.0 % 82,152 79,828 832,494 96,102 94,166 788,083 762,846 800,000 762,297 758,637 88.3 % 90.6 % 90.6 % 88.8 % 89.0 % 600,000

400,000

200,000

Catalan 0

TOTAL 943,001 858,399 852,803 870,235 842,674 Spanish Source: Notary Association of Catalonia.

45 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 While the total number of policies taken out in 2014 increased slightly, the use of Catalan has continued to drop (15.4%). 15.4% of commercial Commercial documentation documents 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 { is written in Catalan. in Catalan 2010-2014 450,000 } 400,000 25.7 %

350,000 90,409 21.6 % 300,000 19.8 % 64,800 16.1 % 15.4 % 53,970 261,442 250,000 39,742 39,615 235,125 218,390 200,000 74.3 % 207,179 217,415 78.4 % 80.2 % 150,000 83.9 % 84.6 %

100,000

50,000 Catalan 0

TOTAL 351,851 299,925 272,360 246,921 257,030 Spanish Source: Notary Association of Catalonia.

46 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Government action

he main actions of the Language Policy have focused on promoting knowledge of Catalan, es- Tpecially among the immigrant population, in schools as well as among adults; the provision of tools and services to support language quality and learning, such as Optimot, Cercaterm, Parla.cat, Aula Mestra and automatic translation systems, and the use of the language between adults through Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteering programme), programme, amongst others. In addition, the Language Policy focused on promoting the use of Catalan in particular sectors such as business, cinema, universities, youth, leisure and the legal system, and supporting projects promoted by other entities; supporting the official list of organizations that foster the Catalan language; dealing with citizens’ complaints about language rights and monitoring legislation; raising the profile of the language abroad through universities and Catalan communities in other countries; Collaborating with other Catalan-speaking regions and organizations within the Spanish state, and participating in European networks and associations. Catalan sign language and Occitan have also been supported by the Language Policy. It is also worth noting that this year was the 25th anniversary of the constitution of the Con- sortium for Language Normalisation, the celebration of the Tercentenary and the availability of the initial results of the Population Survey on Language Use (EULP2013). The Consortium for Language Normalisation was established in 1989 as a result of the determination of the Catalan Government and numerous local bodies to increase the knowledge and use of the Catalan language throughout the territory of Catalonia. During the year various events were held at the 22 Language Normalisation centres which make up the network, rounded off by an institutional event organized by the Ministry of Culture. Over the past 25 years, the Consortium for Language Normalisation has achieved the following:

• 62,325 Catalan courses involving 1,535,965 students • 81,689 language pairings • 5,698 agreements with establishments and organizations on the VxL programme • 9,461 language and cultural activities involving 214,100 participants • 18,403 agreements signed with companies and other organizations

47 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In 2014, the first results were published of the Survey of Language Use of the Public at Large 2013 covering every regional sphere with statistical significance. In this respect, in terms of the evolution of language use, the Survey indicated that almost three million people who did not use Catalan as their native language now know how to speak it and that over 600,000 people use Catalan as their habitual language even though it was not their native language or the first language they learned.

Promotion Formal education of knowledge of Catalan Schoolchildren In the 2013-2014 academic year, there were 1,295,196 students enrolled in the public and private regulated school system. The language model for formal education in Catalonia is established on the basis of the language conjunction system that has received international recognition and guarantees that students will be fully conversant with both Catalan and Spanish when they complete their education. There are 5,418 schools in Catalonia: 3,775 public and 1,643 private schools. There are 20 schools that follow foreign educational systems: 9 of these teach in English, 5 in French, 3 in Ger- man, 2 in Italian and 1 in Japanese. There were 164,877 foreign students enrolled in academic year 2014-2014. This year, the number of students in language reception classes was 8,850. 96 community education plans were rolled out during the 2013-2014 academic year, divided among 76 municipalities and 885 schools and involving a total of 333,239 students (188,348 primary and 144,891 secondary).

Community education plans have reached { 333,239 students }

48 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 External evaluation of primary education In 2014, the external assessment test was carried out at the end of primary education in 2,182 schools, involving a total of 70,566 children in the sixth year of primary education. The Catalan educational The results have revealed four levels of competence: high (very good standard), medium-high system provides an (good), medium-low (acceptable) and low (no proficiency achieved). Around 60% of primary school students had achieved good language proficiency: almost 25% of equivalent the students achieved a high standard in all the languages assessed and almost 37% achieved a me- {level of knowledge of both dium-high proficiency in Catalan and Spanish. In English, 36.9% of students achieved medium-high Catalan and Spanish proficiency, with 35% in French. The Catalan education system provides equal knowledge of both the Catalan and Spanish lan- } guages through to the end of primary school education.

Percentage of 15.2 % 23.5 % 37.5 % 23.8 % students at each level Catalan language 2013 of skills achievement. (64,467 students) 6th year of primary Catalan language 2014 (65,767 students) 14.6 % 23.5 % 36.9 % 25.0 %

14.2 % 23.6 % 37.8 % 24.4 % Spanish language 2013 (64,640 students) Spanish language 2014 (66,041 students) 14.5 % 22.5 % 38.2 % 24.8 %

19.0 % 22.5 % 33.8 % 24.7 % English language 2013 (64,444 students) English language 2014 (65,766 students) Low 15.9 % 19.9 % 36.9 % 27.3 %

Medium-to-low 17.2 % 20.2 % 38.1 % 24.5 % French language 2013 (305 students) Medium-to-high French language 2014 (311 students) 15.4 % 27.0 % 35.0 % 22.6 % High 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

Source: System of Educational Indicators in Catalonia, 2013-2014 Higher Council for Evaluation of the Education System.

49 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 External evaluation of secondary schools The final external ESO examination involved 60,566 students in both public and private schools in Catalonia. Almost 75% 74.8% of secondary school students achieved a high (30.6%) or medium-high level (44.2%) of secondary school of Catalan and 75.1% of students achieved a high (27.3%) or medium-high (47.8%) level of Spanish. students achieved a In 2014 changes were introduced to the English and French tests to adapt them to the levels of high or medium proficiency established in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (MECR). { high level in Catalan Thus in English, 59.1% of students achieved a high (34.4%) or medium-high (24.7%) level. In French, and Spanish 79.2% of students who did a French course achieved a high (36.2%) or medium-high level (43%). }

Percentage of 11.0 % 15.3 % 44.2 % 29.5 % students at each level Catalan language 2013 of skills achievement. (56,001 students) 4th year of ESO Catalan language 2014 (56,324 students) 10.2 % 15.0 % 44.2 % 30.6 %

11.3 % 15.7 % 46.6 % 26.4 % Spanish language 2013 (56,158 students) Spanish language 2014 (56,074 students) 9.9 % 15.0 % 47.8 % 27.3 %

20.2 % 16.6 % 30.8 % 32.4 % English language 2013 (55,715 students English language 2014 (56,002 students) Low 20.0 % 20.9 % 34.4 % 24.7 %

Medium-to-low 6.7 % 12.7 % 36.4 % 44.2 % French language 2013 (308 students) Medium-to-high French language 2014 (293 students) 7.8 % 13.0 % 36.2 % 43.0 % High 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

Source: System of Educational Indicators in Catalonia, 2013-2014 Higher Council for Evaluation of the Education System.

50 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Higher Education The university language policy fosters actions geared towards guaranteeing the presence of Catalan in the university community in Catalonia and promoting its use among the teaching staff, students, and administration and services personnel.

INTERLINGUA grants The purpose of INTERLINGUA is to award grants to Catalan universities for initiatives that promote the use of languages in universities. The call for projects maintains a balance between guaranteeing the presence of Catalan, the native and vehicular language of Catalan universities – and to promote the use of English – and other foreign languages – as a language of communication and work in an increasingly internationalized academic context, with a proportion of adjudication that has been established at round 50% for each of the language blocks in the three multilingual editions that have been held thus far.

Languages of projects 2012 2013 2014 submitted to 108 109 INTERLINGUA 110 104 106 98 100 90 90 81 80

70 62 58 60

40 Projects in Catalan 30

Projects in other 20 languages 10

Mixed projects 0 Source: Secretariat of Universities and Research.

51 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Most noteworthy subsidised actions: • Interuniversity Certificate in English (CLUC), with the inclusion of new items and two examinations (February and November). Interuniversity examinations have also been prepared for level B2 of English, French, German and Italian, the first of which is envisaged for 2015. Some 1,815 • Development of resources for language support and the organization of activities to facilitate language the autonomy of the university community in acquiring and improving communication skills: automatic translation systems, style manuals, language and terminology consultants, correc- exchange pairs tion programmes, virtual language training spaces, open mass-participation online courses, were formed and etc. for Catalan as well as other languages. { 5,533 students • Language and cultural reception projects for international students and teachers. In 2014, 1,815 took part in language language exchange pairs were established and 5,533 students took part in language reception reception and cultural and cultural activities. activities • Virtual Catalan learning courses via the Parla.cat portal aimed at students on mobility pro- } grammes. In the 2013-2014 academic year, 119 courses with tutors were held, involving 1,042 students, and 13 specific courses were held via Aula Mestra (Master Class) for a total of 707 students.

Indications for number of teaching number of teaching language pairs participants in language the INTERLINGUA materials and research and research materials (exchange and volunteers) reception activities grants written or corrected written or corrected in catalan in other languages 7,000 6,022 5,960 6,000 5,533

5,000

4,000

3,000 1,717 1,815 2,000 1,689 1,024 988 984 920 943 1,000 323

0 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

Source: Secretariat of Universities and Research.

52 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Comprehensive management of the multilingual platform INTERCAT INTERCAT is a set of electronic resources for introducing the Catalan language and culture and is mainly directed at students on mobility programmes who are visiting our universities. In 2014, 125,789 users logged on, which represents the highest number of connections since the platform was created, with a total of 383,804 pages visited (32% more than the previous year). A total of 86 queries from users were resolved and 150 actions were advertised to boost linguistic and cultural acceptance.

Agreement between the Generalitat of Catalonia and the universities that form part of the Interuniversity Commission for Language Courses and Certifications of Catalonia In 2014 the third agreement was signed between the Generalitat, through the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge and the Ministry of Culture, and the universities that form part of the Interuni- versity Commission of Linguistic Training and Accreditation (CIFALC) to promote and guarantee the teaching and accreditation of languages in universities. The aim of this agreement is to facilitate interuniversity work in the teaching, evaluation and accreditation of language courses. The actions deriving from the agreement are based on the European Common Framework of Reference for Languages and are geared towards unifying educational programmes in different languages by establishing common criteria for course syllabuses, the preparation of unified examinations to obtain certificates of language knowledge, the training of teachers, invigilators and examiners, and the remuneration for the tasks of each activity. • I n the 2013-2014 academic year, 5,754 students followed Catalan courses organized by CI- FALC universities, of whom 2,618 sat examinations and 2,101 obtained proficiency qualifications. • Of all the students on Catalan courses, 3,746 (65.1%) were from the rest of Spain or abroad and, of these, 1,239 passed the examinations.

5,754 students followed the {Catalan courses organized by the universities}

53 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The development of these indicators over the last three years shows that the number of students who have followed some kind of Catalan course, sat exams organized by CIFALC and sub- sequently passed those exams has remained stable, whether this is taken as the total number of students or the subset of students from outside Catalonia. On all three courses, the percentage of foreign students who followed Catalan courses was an average of around 22.5%, with a very slight increase (21.9% in 2011-2012 and 22.7% in 2013-2014).

Progress in the number of students 2011 - 2012 academic year 2012-2013 academic year Year 2013 - 2014 academic year who followed Catalan courses 5,754 and sat Catalan 5,448 5,535 exams between 6,000 2011-2012 5,000 and 2013-2014 3,746 4,000 3,465 3,556 2,618 3,000 2,572 2,494 2,101 1,832 1,882 2,051 1,412 2,000 1,265 1,224 1,126 1,239 1,000

0 Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners Total Foreigners

course sat cifalc passed course sat cifalc passed course sat cifalc passed attendees exams attendees exams attendees exams

Source: Secretariat for Universities and Research.

54 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Mobile app of the Guies de conversa universitària (University Conversation Guides) This interactive app for mobile phones is a language resource that helps in various situations university students might find themselves in, especially in the case of mobility programme students arriving in Catalonia or local students going to study at a foreign university. In 2012, the year the app was launched, it provided combinations between Catalan, Spanish, French and English, and in August 2013 this was extended by three other languages (German, Portuguese and Italian). In August 2014 a further two languages were added (Russian and Chinese) along with Occitan in December which, along with the results of the dissemination activities undertaken, resulted in a big increase in the number of downloads: in 2014, there were 16,898 downloads, representing an increase of 38.6% compared to 2013.

Teaching Catalan to adults Adult education includes teaching activities that enable adults to develop skills, enrich their knowledge and improve their technical or professional qualifications. This means that they involve people with very different objectives, which might range from getting a qualification to updating or expanding their knowledge.

Teaching of Catalan to adults in the official centres run by the Ministry of Education The Ministry of Education offers Catalan language adult education courses. • In the 2013-2014 academic year, 8,451 people followed Catalan language courses at official adult education centres. • 904 people followed Catalan courses for non-Catalan speakers in official language schools, from beginners through to the highest level, C2.

8,451 Catalan students {at official adult education centres}

55 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan education for adults through the Consortium for Language Normalisation The Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL), which is made up of the Generalitat and 135 local bodies, provides Catalan language education across the whole of Catalonia through 22 language normalisation centres. In 2014, 3,229 courses were organized at 155 locations, with 67,465 people signed up. 3,229 CPNL courses The general courses follow the programmes of the Directorate General of Language Policy, in accordance with the provisions of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, with 67,465 and are structured into six levels, from beginner for those who have no knowledge of Catalan at all { students through to advanced, which accredits fluency in the language. enrolled The Catalan language teaching offered by the CPNL can be followed by different learning op- } tions: attendance-based classes, distance learning, online courses via Parla.cat, and other options. Enrolments for attendance-based classes accounted for 95% of the total and the other options accounted for 5%.

Registrations for 2011 2012 2013 2014 CPNL adult education level enrolments courses in Catalan. 120,000 Beginners (A1) 7,703 2011-2014 105,166 110,000 Basic (A2) 30,712 Elementary (B1) 7,018 100,000 98,444 Intermediate (B2) 8,885 90,000 78,790 Proficient (C1) 8,024 80,000 67,465 Advanced (C2) 1,747 70,000 Complementary and Specific 3,376 60,000 TOTAL 67,465 50,000

40,000 Source: Consortium for Language Normalisation 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

Source: Consortium for Language Normalisation. Consortium-organised Catalan courses held in {155 locations} 56 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Education for new arrivals More than half of enrolments for CPNL courses were for those that play an essential role in helping new immigrants to settle in, i.e. the beginners’ and basic courses. In 2014, 32,309 foreign students signed up for the beginners’ and basic courses. 61% of the people who signed up for the courses as foreign a whole were born abroad. 32,309 students on beginners’ The CPNL organises Catalan language courses aimed specifically at immigrants’ associations. and basic courses In 2014, 242 courses were organized for immigrant communities, reaching 5,607 students. These 242 { courses included 22 courses of workplace reinsertion programme. } Courses aimed 2012 2013 2014 at immigrants’ 10,000 400 associations. 2012-2014 9,000 350 8,000 300 251 242 courses for 7,000 240 242 250 the immigrant 6,000 200 community with 5,000 { 5,607 students 150 4,000 5,863 6,485 5,607 100 3,000 } Students 2,000 50

1,000 0 Courses

Source: Consortium for Language Normalisation.

• 22 courses on the Programa de reincorporació al treball (Work Insertion Programme), which gives students the necessary job skills to join the labour market, including local knowledge and knowledge of the Catalan Language. In 2014, 362 people enrolled for these courses. • 12 courses organized by the Directorate General for Immigration, divided into three modules: 362 students Catalan and its context (65 hours), occupational training and practical experience in compa- on the regrouping and nies in the chosen labour sector, with 191 students signed up. {occupational programme • Literacy courses in Catalan for adults of foreign origin who are unable to read or write and find it difficult to attend the usual adult education centres and classes. The aim is to help them to reach the minimum level to be able to follow the CPNL’s beginners’ courses. Some 17 } literacy courses were held with a total of 356 people enrolled.

57 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In 2013, the Directorate General of Language Policy and the Consortium for Language Normal- isation set up the Llegiu I Parleu (Read and Speak) programme to create resources for the adult population and strengthen Catalan language learning through reading. It has educational material on A total of 42,368 Llegir per Parlar, Llegir per Aprendre (Read to Speak, Read to Learn). In 2014, new resources were pub-

lished to encourage adults in general, people already learning the language, participants in the Vol- people signed up for online courses with untariat per la llengua programme and reading clubs to read and hence learn the Catalan language. { Parla.cat Parla.cat in 2014 } There has been an increase in the number of users of Parla.cat, a virtual space that gives everybody access to Catalan courses and educational material. A total of 26,147 new users signed up to Parla. cat in 2014. The cumulative total as of 31 December 2014 was 183,325 registered users. There were a total of 42,368 enrolments for online courses. This figure includes students who follow online courses as well as those who opt for the tutored module, which is followed by 2,577 students. These students are mainly referred by the Consortium for Language Normalisation and Cata- lan universities. In 2014 it organized 413 courses with tutorials. 413 courses There were 39,791 enrolments on the free learning module: 26,980 at a basic level, 4,778 at an with tutorials elementary level, 3,668 at an intermediate level and 4,365 at a proficiency level. { In order to supplement this Catalan language learning, students and teachers have the chance to use the search engine for language learning where they can find dictation online, dictionaries and } games. In 2014 there were a total of 56,353 queries.

Users of Parla. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 cat. Total new and cumulative users. 200,000 183,325 2008-2014 158,817

150,000 130,413 100,949 100,000 76,181

29,464 50,000 37,442 24,768 28,404 26,147 Cumulative total 10,097 38,739 27,345 New users 0 10,097 Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

58 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Aula Mestra Aula Mestra is a virtual space for teaching and learning Catalan associated with Parla.cat. It allows Catalan teachers worldwide to create, manage and share online courses. Aula Mestra’s courses have eight different categories corresponding to the six levels of general 91 specific language learning, one in specialized language, one on information for teachers plus a category of new courses courses at language normalisation centres which use the platform as part of its online training. { for Aula Mestra with 1,349 students • It has a search engines with more than 3,000 activities that facilitate the creation of new cours- } es or which can be used directly by learners to practice particular aspects of the language. • In 2014 the platform received 98,826 visits. • Some 91 courses were set up with 1,349 registered students. • It offers both general and specialized language courses: Public Administration language, legal 3,000 language, etc. It also features various collectives: Servei Lingüístic de l’Àmbit Judicial (Lan- activities for guage Service of the Judiciary), foreign universities (Xarxa Llull), Catalan universities, the col- creating courses lective of parents of families that live abroad, etc. { • 63 teachers have used this virtual space to pursue their educational activities. }

Occupational and business training The actions of the Consortium for Language Normalisation are also enshrined in the Government’s employment and labour policies. Along these lines, the following actions have been undertaken this year: • Organization of 61 Catalan courses in collaboration with the Catalan Employment Service 61 Catalan (SOC), with 1,064 registered users. In 2014 courses were offered in the beginners’, Basic 1, Basic 2, Basic 3 and Elementary 1 categories. The 2014 project reached 37 municipalities with courses with 1,064 the involvement and coordination of 19 language normalisation centres and 49 employment occupational training offices of the Catalan Government. { students • Training for companies and organizations in various sectors and advice and resources for } working in Catalan. In 2014, 43 courses were organized for which 632 people signed up. • 1,465 people from the restaurant sector signed up for general CPNL courses.

1,465 students from the {restaurant sector on Catalan courses} 59 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Training in the Public Administration The Consortium for Language Normalisation collaborates with public administrations in providing advice and organising online courses. In 2014 the following actions were carried out: • 17 Catalan courses were organized for local administration personnel, with 249 students. In order to give them more linguistic independence, language assessment was also offered. In 2014, 75 sessions of Internet Resources for working in Catalan were held. • 18 Catalan courses have been organised for Public Administration and Tax Office staff through the Parla.cat platform, with a total of 193 students from every Catalan province, ranging from beginners through to advanced levels. • The CPNL coordinated a Catalan course for SEM personnel (Emergency Medical Systems).

The Ministry of Health, through the different organizations it comprises, offered training in Catalan for professionals working in the health sector: • The Catalan Institute of Health organized 14 Catalan training courses (writing up documents, grammar and specific terminology) for 75 healthcare professionals working in different hos- pitals in Catalonia. • 6 courses/workshops on the Catalan language for staff working in the Ministry of Health, for which a total of 102 people signed up. • The Catalan Public Health Agency organized 4 sessions on Catalan for staff in the Camp de Tarragona Health Region, which were attended by 48 people.

60 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Certification he Directorate General for Language Policy (DGPL), the Consortium for Language Normali- of Catalan Tsation (CPNL), the Ramon Llull Institute and the Public Administration School of Catalonia, knowledge amongst other public bodies, certify knowledge of Catalan by the adult population in accordance with the Common European Framework for Languages. In 2014, 22,175 people enrolled for the Catalan competency certificates and 14,231 people ac- credited their knowledge of Catalan. 14,231 people obtained a certificate • The 14,231 people who obtained a certificate represented 64% of the total number of people of Catalan competency who sat the exams. { in 2014 • The Consortium for Language Normalisation issued 11,367 certificates, standardized with those of the Directorate General of Language Policy, for the different levels, 30% of which } were for the Basic level. • In 2014 the Ramon Llull Institute organized the twelfth examination session for certificates of Catalan knowledge outside the linguistic sphere in 72 locations in 28 countries, an increase of 10% compared to the previous year (67). Some 973 people registered for the exam and 688 obtained the certificate which represents a success level of 80.56%. • The advanced level of Catalan, C2, received the highest number of applicants for the examination held by the Directorate General for Language Policy.

Catalan certificates. 2014 DGPL CPNL IRL TOTAL

25,000 22,175

20,000 16,542 17,638 14,231 15,000 13,401 11,367

10,000 Enrolled 4,660 5,000 3,383 Sat 2,176 973 854 688

Passed 0

Source: Report on certificates of knowledge of Catalan. General Directorate for Language Policy.

61 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Since 2002 a total of 459,206 people have applied to take Catalan exams, 333,348 people actually sat them and 247,964 proficiency certificates have been issued. Since 2002, In 2014, the Basic (A2), Intermediate (B2) and Proficient (C1) certificates showed the biggest 247,964 drop compared to those issued in 2010. The elementary (B1) certificate has remained stable. It is worth highlighting the increase of almost 50% in the number of certificates issued for the advanced certificates level (C2): from 1,560 in 2013 to 2,327 in 2014. {have been issued} Certificates by level. 2002-2014

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

9,000 7,890

8,000 7,110 7,000 5,766 5,622 7,121 6,000 5,028 4,720 5,000 5,222 3,981 3,852 4,000 4,424 2,930 3,681 3,041 3,000 2,148 2,878 2,106 2,327 2,000 1,103 2,241 2,133 2,032 1,000 1,560 980 0 637

Source: Report on certificates of knowledge of Catalan. General Directorate for Language Policy. A2-Basic B1-Elementary B2-Intermediate C1-Proficient C2-Advanced

62 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Tools Optimot and automatic translation tools and services The General Directorate for Language Policy has developed online language services which are for language available to the general public and companies to facilitate the use of Catalan. 12,242,424 quality • Optimot, the language consultancy service, received 12,242,424 queries in 2014 via the search searches on engine and a further 5,337 queries through its personalized service desk.

The internal automatic translator of the Administration of the Generalitat of Catalonia has {Optimot, • the online language translated 36,166,570 words and answered 363,265 translation requests. The main direction consultancy service of translation is Catalan -> Spanish. • The automatic Catalan-Occitan translator has translated 9,623,725 words and dealt with } 208,077 service queries.

Users of the personalized customer service Queries dealt with by the Optimot search engine. 2011-2014 of Optimot. 2014

2011 2012 2013 2014 Non-registered users 5% Administration 14,000,000 and public 12,242,424 11,298,206 bodies 21% 11,232,990 12,000,000 9,815,691 10,000,000

Individuals 8,000,000 44% 6,000,000

4,000,000

Companies 2,000,000 and self-employed professionals 30% 0

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

63 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 TERMCAT In 2014, the Terminology Centre standardized 316 terms in the 16 ordinary meetings of its Supervi- sory Council in areas such as clinical research, digital marketing and elections.

Standardized terms. Economy. Mathematics. Physics. 2014 Business. 16% Chemistry. 7%

Politics. 7%

Information. Documentation. Communications. 6%

Food. Beverages. 5% Music. 20%

Life sciences. 5%

Health sciences. 3% Agriculture. Livestock. Sports. Forestry. 3% Performance arts. 24%

Computers. Industry. Telecommunications. 2% Energy. 2%

Source: TERMCAT, the Terminology Centre.

Some 316 new terms { were approved in 2014 }

64 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 • 65 terminology projects were drawn up with the participation of TERMCAT. Of these, 26 were published: Diccionari de recerca clínica (Dictionary of Clinical Research), Terminologia bàsica dels dispositius mòbils (Basic Mobile Device Terminology), Terminologia bàsica de l’adminis- tració electrònica i els processos (Basic Electronic Administration and Processes Terminology) and Terminologia de màrqueting digital (Digital Marketing Terminology), amongst others. More than 80 online • It started a new collective of descriptive dictionaries with volumes of Noms de plantes (Plant dictionaries available Names), Corpus de fitonímia catalana (Corpus of Catalan Phytonomy) and Noms de mamífers { marins (Marine Mammal Names). } • It published 17 new online dictionaries: Diccionari de dret administratiu (Dictionary of Admin- istrative Law), Diccionari d’anatomia (Dictionary of the Anatomy), Diccionari de criteris termi- nològics (Dictionary of Terminological Criteria), Diccionari de les tecnologies del so i de la música (Dictionary of Sound and Music Technologies) and Diccionari de màrqueting digital (Dictionary of Digital Marketing), amongst others. • It resolved 1,830 terminology queries via the personalized attention service.

Breakdown of terminology queries by sector. Language professionals 527 2014 Generalitat of Catalonia 384

Optimot 288

Universities and other educational centres 265

Companies 137

Local administration 81

Different institutions 59

The media 48

Other administrations 41

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Source: TERMCAT, the Terminology Centre. During 2014, TERMCAT established 19 collaboration agreements with other organizations to undertake, disseminate and check terminology data and projects. It also signed eight agreements to conduct academic practices for students at the centre. The agreements signed with regard to drawing up dictionaries include an alliance with the Ministry of Culture of the Government of Andorra for a Diccionari de relacions internacionals (Dic- tionary of International Relations) which will provide around a thousand terms with definitions in Catalan and their equivalents in Spanish, French and English. It also signed agreements with the Ministry of Health for projects related to updating and disseminating the Diccionari enciclopèdic de medicina (Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Medicine), and with the Ministry of Justice to draw up and disseminate the Diccionari de la mediació (Dictionary of Mediation). In the university sector, TERMCAT has signed agreements to host researchers and students of language disciplines with research centres and university institutions in Catalonia, Spain and in- ternationally. This offer of applied training in terminology used in the working world helps to train future professionals whose work will entail the continuous use of this terminology, such as translators and proof-readers, and strengthens ongoing collaboration with academic institutions on the subject of terminology.

Sworn translation and interpreting In 2014, 20 people – with a total of 26 qualifications – joined the Generalitat of Catalonia Registry of Sworn Translators and Interpreters which is managed by the General Directorate of Language Policy. The Registry consists of 1,401 professionals with a total of 2,339 registered qualifications. The working languages of these professionals are: Catalan, Spanish, English, German, French, Italian, Arabic, Russian and Chinese.

1,401 people on the Registry of Legal Translators {and Interpreters with a total of 2,339 qualifications}

66 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Fostering Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteering) the use In 2014, 10,189 language pairs were created in 195 towns involving a total of 10,831 participants: of Catalan 6,291 learners and 4,540 volunteers who provide conversational practice in Catalan for people who want to improve their fluency and confidence in the language.

Number 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 of language pairs. 2003-2014 12,000

10,000 10,555 10,510 10,128 10,129 10,208 10,189 9,437 8,000

6,000 6,310 4,000 4,600 4,496 3,800 2,000 1,522 0 Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

In 2014, the Voluntariat per la llengua was programme was extended to the sphere of functional diversity with the collaboration of organizations that look after people with mental disabilities, involving a total of 63 language pairs, with a very positive outcome. It was also extended to the sphere of religious diversity with an initial experience involving interreligious pairings in Lloret de Mar. The programme has continued to support primary and secondary schools by implementing a language pairing model for younger students, with an increase of 30% in the number of pairs formed. In 2014, 402 language pairs were formed at 18 institutes and eight schools.

More than 90,000 language pairs in the last { 11 years }

67 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The people involved in the programme also took part in numerous cultural activities and in a network of collaborating establishments and organizations that hosted them and facilitated knowledge of the environment. The collaborating establishments undertake to foster the use of Catalan in dealing with the general public.

Learners signed Rest of Africa 1,771 activities up to the Language 183 (7.5%) with Volunteering 61,994 { participants programme Oceania European Union according to origin. 4 (0.2%) 392 (16.0%) } 2014 North Africa 470 (19.2%) Central America, Mexico and the Non-EU Europe Caribbean 301 (12.3%) 123 (5%)

USA and Canada 24 (1.0%) South America 844 (34.4%) 4,687 collaborating Asia establishments and 111 (4.5%) { organizations Source: General Directorate for Language Policy. }

• In 2014, 1,771 activities were held to promote the programme, with 61,994 participants. • Some 820 organizations and 3,867 commercial establishments offered their support. • From the start of the programme, a total of 91,884 language pairs have been formed.

68 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Cinema The Government has helped to improve the offering of cinema in Catalan and promote demand for it. To increase the offering, the following actions have been undertaken: • Support for the dubbing and subtitling of films in Catalan and continuation of the cultural 444,481 viewers policies to boost the production of films in Catalan. of cinema in Catalan • Support for subtitling in Catalan at all the festivals of the Deputy Coordinator of Film Festivals { and the Occitan Cinema Exhibition. • Continuity and expansion of the Children’s Films in Catalan season, CINC. } • Dubbing and subtitling in Catalan of programmes on the channels of Televisió de Catalunya (TVC). • Extension of subtitling to television platforms.

The outcome of these actions has been the following: • A total of 49 feature films were released: 22 dubbed and 27 subtitled in Catalan. • The number of viewers of films in Catalan (original, dubbed and subtitled) came to 375,868 of whom 306,895 were viewers of dubbed and subtitled films. • The number of viewers of the CINC Children’s Films in Catalan CINC season was 52,945 and they were shown in 38 locations. • Thanks to the collaboration agreement with Catalunya Film Festivals, 20 Catalan festivals subtitled 564 films (128 feature films and 436 shorts) in Catalan. • «El Documental del mes» series subtitled its programme in Catalan with the support of the General Directorate of Language Policy, and was shown in 32 cinemas in Catalonia (54.23%). 15,668 viewers (29.36%) saw the nine documentaries screened in their original version subtitled in Catalan (VOSC). • I n 2014 an agreement was signed between the Ministry of Culture and CANAL+ to subtitle in Catalan more than 148 new film releases and 17 fictional series for this season. All this content represents more than 250 hours of cinema subtitled in Catalan between April and December 2014. The subtitled products are available on CANAL+ (by satellite) and on Yomvi (pay-per-view) in Catalonia and the rest of Spain.

agreement films and series subtitled April 2014 December 2014 148 17 in Catalan on films 85 148 Canal+ plus 40 films subtitled in Catalan at series 10 17 { Texas Cinemas } 69 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In the first few months of the agreement, 58% of subscribers in Catalonia, the Valencian Com- munity and the Balearic Islands learned about the service and, of these, 15% used it regularly. The figures for Catalonia show a good level of viewing films subtitled in Catalan, reaching 21%. • In 2014, the Ministry of Culture signed a collaboration agreement with the company that manages Texas Cinemas to increase the supply and viewing figures of films subtitled in Cat- alan. Texas Cinemas screen re-released films in their original version with Catalan subtitles and children’s films dubbed into Catalan. In 2014 it screened 40 films with Catalan subtitles which were seen by 33,802 cinemagoers between 18 September and 31 December. • TVC dubbed 1,146 hours of programming into Catalan: — 90 hours of films. — 377 hours of series. — 472 hours of documentaries. — 207 hours of animation. • 111 DVD titles were edited: 90 with the audio and subtitles in Catalan and 21 with just the audio in Catalan. • TVC granted 548 hours of dubbing to other television service providers: 240 hours to 8tv, 296 hours to BTV and 11 hours to other stations (10 to Andorra TV/RTVA and one to XTVL). It also granted 66 hours to private producers and exhibitors.

To strengthen demand, the following advertising and promotional actions have been undertaken: • Re-launch of the Cinema in Catalan portal featuring the offering of regional production in Catalan and dubbed and subtitled films: — Programming by films and by cinemas, towns and counties. — The main Catalan film festivals with films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan and the programme of the Children’s Films in Catalan season in Catalonia (CINC). — Trailers and spots of films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan. — Supplementary information featured by websites such as Catalan Cinema Academy and the Film Library of Catalonia.

«The best documentaries in Catalan» features the range of documentary DVDs subtitled in Cat- alan. Every week a documentary is broadcast on the «Llengua catalana» (Catalan Language) website and via Facebook and Twitter. • «Cinema in Catalan» page on Facebook, including the list of new releases and screenings, plus a Twitter account. In 2014 it had 9,622 followers on Facebook.

70 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan and business To encourage the use of Catalan in companies, the General Directorate for Language Policy has provided support in the form of grants or subsidies to: • 11 business organizations to develop 13 projects to increase the presence of Catalan in their respective spheres. — Barcelona Association of Night Clubs: informative campaign on «Recursos del català per a l’oci nocturn» (Catalan Resources for Nightclubs) and an awareness-raising campaign «El català a l’oci nocturn» (Catalan and Nightlife). — The «Fondo Comerç» Association of Shopkeepers and Professionals: «Sant Jordi. Els sabors del món» (Sant Jordi. The flavours of the world). Support for — Association of Young Entrepreneurs of Girona: «Eina per a les empreses» (Tool for compa- 11 nies) (a free app open to all users). business — Independent Association of Young Entrepreneurs of Catalonia: «Reconeixement a la Quali- organizations, tat Lingüística Empresarial» (Recognition of the Quality of Business Catalan). 31 companies and — Trade Confederation of Catalonia; «Oberts al Català» (Open to Catalan) campaign. {3 trade unions to promote — Shopkeepers’ Association of Ca n’Aurell: «Joc de paraules» (Word Games). Catalan in their — Shopkeepers’ Association of Eix Terrassa Nord: a language competition aimed at associated respective fields retailers and schools as part of the Language Volunteering programme. } — CECOT Foundation Training. «El català a l’empresa: una qüestió de responsabilitat» (Cata- lan in companies: a matter of responsibility). — PIMEC Private Foundation. «Marca’t en català» (Brand it in Catalan). — Hotel and Tourism Trade Association of Alt Penedès: «L’hora del cafè» (Coffee Time) and «Siusplaucat» (Catalan Please). • 31 companies for 16 mobile app projects, 12 programming projects and 3 dissemination projects. — Manduca Games, SL: incorporation of Catalan into 10 games for mobile devices. — Enterprise Consulting & Training: Level C Trivial app for iPhones. — Aplicacions Digitals, SCP (ApDig): audioguide app to well-known monuments in Catalonia using GPS. — Nanu, Irina Roxana: multimedia pronunciation guide JoJaParlo (available on the internet and as an app for iOS and Android). — Baobab Interactive, La Factoria Interactiva, SL: El gran atles del món (The Great Atlas of the World) app. (atlas in the form of a game for kids and teens). — Barcelona Multimèdia, SL: Les aventures de Noemí i el Pilot (The Adventures of Noemí and the Pilot) (new Otijocs, 8 apps). — Planet Factory Interactive, SL: Planet Apps (10 apps for iOS and Android for children aged 2-8).

71 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 — Btripple 2012, SL: Ninus (an educational project for children). — Flor Edicions, SL: Civitas Barcelona (an app for disseminating the history, culture and gastronomy of Barcelona). — Ocisport Bussines, SL: Smart Catalunya (an app and website for learning Catalan and interacting with the region). — Atlantis IT, SL: MotoGPS/cotxeGPS (an app for locating vehicles by GPS) and OnEts (social network for GPS location). — Editorial de Música Boileau, SL: Enric Granados, un gran músic català a l’abast de tothom (Enric Granados, a great Catalan musician available to all) (an app for iOS). — Edicions Additio, SL: Additio. Quadern de notes del professor (Teacher’s notebook) (an app for tablets aimed at students). — Contrapunt, SCCL: a web app for mobiles and computers with information on the county of Vallès Oriental. — Marketing & Comunication Projects, SL: an app for mobiles on publications related to the mountain world. — Smart Medical Solutions, SL: Medkia, software for the health sector for managing patients. — Asartec Consultoria, SL: business programming products. — Atlantis IT, SL: a web platform for managing vehicle fleets by GPS. — La Factoria d’Imatges Serveis Gràfics, SL: MakerPF (a programme with educational content) and Make it (an app for creating interactive educational projects). — Casamayor Franco, Pedro José: an MBS.Selecció de Personal, Personnel Recruitment programme (MBS human resources); MBS.Facturació Express programme (Express Billing); MBS.Total Training programme, sports training; MBS. Gestió de consultes mèdiques programme (MBS.Management of medical consultations). — Comerzia Cloud Services, SL: Intrastat Online (software for managing customs declara- tions). — Carlos Castilla Ingenieros, SA: software for personnel management at Grupo Castilla. — Moncasoft, SLU: production module in Catalan of the MGest ERP software (integral business management). — Knowledge Innovation Market, SL: Knowledge Evaluation Tool software. — Mola TV, SL: audiovisual programme on RSS technology for broadcasting news in Catalan. — Metropolitana d’Audiovisuals, SL: radio programme on RSS technology for broadcasting news in Catalan. — Ocisport Business, SL: «El català et parla» (Catalan is speaking to you). Dissemination of Catalan and cultural agenda to more than 40 sports centres

72 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 • 3 trade union organizations. — Trade Union Confederation of the National Workers’ Commission of Catalonia (CCOO): Project of activities by the Language Service of the CCOO of Catalonia. — General Workers Union (UGT): Project to promote the use of Catalan in the UGT in Cat- alonia. — Workers’ Trade Union of Catalonia (USOC): Project to promote the use of Catalan in Bar- celona, Tortosa and Sabadell.

Companies for DGPL subsidies Companies broadcasting 3% to encourage for software 12% the use of Catalan in business, by destination. Business organizations 13% 2014

Companies for apps 16% More than 5,000 Trade union organizations 3% collaboration agreements Source: General Directorate for Language Policy. {with companies to promote the use of Catalan were in The CPNL also offers support to companies and commercial establishments and provides ad- place in 2014 vice and resources to help them work in Catalan. } • In 2014, 8,784 businesses and firms across Catalonia received information campaign «Català i empresa, ja estàs al dia?» (Catalan and business – are you up-to-date?) from the General Directorate of Language Policy. The aim is to publicise the linguistic provisions of the Catalan Consumer Code to companies and retail establishments. • In 2014, the Consortium signed 1,475 new collaboration agreements and pacts with companies to increase the knowledge and use of Catalan in the socioeconomic world. These new agreements, when added to the 3,683 agreements already in existence, meant that in 2014 there were a total of 5,056 agreements with the sector.

73 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Fostering the use of Catalan in SMEs The Ministry of Culture and PIMEC have signed an agreement to establish a collaboration and communication framework between the two institutions to promote the use of Catalan in the business sector as well as in PIMEC’s activities and services in Catalonia. As part of the programme of activities to promote the use of Catalan in small and medium enterprises, PIMEC has also undertaken: • The CATEMPRÈN project, a service to support business communications in Catalan. • 8 seminars on «The Importance of Business Communications in Catalan» held in Barcelona, Girona, Santa Coloma de Farnés, Tàrrega, Manresa, Tarragona, Sant Celoni and Lleida. • The CATEMPRÈN forfait in support of business communications, a consultancy service on communications in Catalan for entrepreneurs and self-employed professionals. • CATEMPRÈN competition to highlight the companies that make an effort to use Catalan. • 27th edition of the Award for Language Quality in the Business World. This was awarded to the Rambla de l’Art Cinema in Cambrils. The objective of the award is to recognize companies’ efforts to promote the use of Catalan and foster linguistic quality.

Collaboration with the Confederation of Trade of Catalonia The Ministry of Culture and the Trade Confederation of Catalonia (CCC) have signed an agreement to underline the cooperation they have been engaged in since 1989 to promote the use of Catalan in the retail, services and tourism sectors in Catalonia. The agreement sets forth new mutual strategies to foster the use of Catalan among the 350 shopkeepers’ associations in the CCC, which represent more than 90,000 retailers (80% of Catalan trade). The Government has strengthened its collaboration with the Confederation in the «Oberts al català» (Open to Catalan) campaign to promote Catalan in different spheres such as trade, services and tourism, as well as the campaign «Oberts al català» (Open to Catalan) for businesses run by immigrants: 6th edition of the Commercial and Linguistic Evaluation Plan. Some 109 establishments have been visited, 88 of which are run by newcomers. The CCC Award for best language initiative in the trade sector was awarded, which aims to recognize the efforts made by firms and associations in the sectors of trade, services and tourism to promote the use of Catalan. In this respect, the Ministry of Business and Trade undertook the following actions: • Inclusion of Italian in the guides Com obrir un comerç (How to Open a Business) and the Guia bàsica de normativa comercial (Basic Guide to Retail Regulations). • Preparation of a range of materials for retailers. • Publication in Catalan, Aranese, Spanish, French, English, Italian, Germany, Russian and He- brew of the promotional material (guides) Benvinguts al Pirineu i les Terres de Lleida (Wel- come to the Pyrenees and Les Terres de Lleida).

74 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Campaign: «I tu, jugues en català?» (And do you play in Catalan?) In 2014, the second phase of the campaign entitled «I tu, jugues en català?» (And do you play in Catalan) was launched, the objective being to publicize and facilitate access to the range of toys and games in Catalan and encourage people to buy them. In 2014, there were 499 establishments signed up to the campaign. The 22 Language Normalisa- tion Centres of the Consortium organized various different activities. — 9 workshops and 3 games fairs. — 14 Christmas fairs and parks. — With the collaboration of the City Council, the Provincial Council of Girona and the Board o Tourism, a photograph competition on the social networks of Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. — Juga-hi! (Play it!) online competition.

Youth and leisure The General Directorate for Language Policy provides support for the most important sports and recreational organisations in the country to encourage actions that extend the use of Catalan. In 2014, by means of an annual call for initiatives from non-profit organizations aimed at promoting the use of Catalan in Catalonia, support was provided for 11 youth and leisure associations, 15.06% of the total project submitted. The associations that received support were as follows: — Acampada Jove Cultural Association, for the Youth Music 2014 competition. — Youth Association for Equality and Solidarity, for the APARAULAT project: Catalan for socio-occupational insertion. — La Rotllana Association, for the XVI Music Competition of Badalona. — Casal dels Infants (Children’s Community Centre) for Social Action in Neighbourhoods, for its «Comunica’t» (Communicate) project. Actions to promote the interpersonal use of Catalan by young newcomers. — Centre d’Estudis de l’Esplai (Centre for Recreational Studies), for the project «Consum... i AC- CIÓ!» (Consumerism…and ACTION!) Workshops to promote the use of Catalan among young people. — Fundació Catalana de l’Esplai (Catalan Recreational Foundation), for its «Expresa’t» (Express Yourself in Catalan) project. Youth clubs, dynamic places for promoting the Catalan language. — La Roda Foundation for Cultural and Leisure Activities, for the «Comunica’t» (Communicate) 2014 programme. — Pere Tarrés Foundation, to promote the use of Catalan in recreational educational activities of the MCECC (Christian Recreation Centre Movement of Catalonia) and to implement the MCEC application. — Singuerlin Youth Group, for the «El conte del mes» (Story of the Month) project. — Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya (Sports Federation of Catalonia), for the «Mou-te en català» (Get moving in Catalan) programme, the language and sport blog.

75 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Health In the healthcare field, the most noteworthy actions were as follows: • Language training actions have been rolled out and two collaboration agreements were signed between the Ministry of Health and TERMCAT to draw up a Diccionari de bioètica (Dictionary of Bioethics) and update and disseminate the terminology of the Diccionari Enci- clopèdic de Medicina (Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Medicine). Work also took place on drawing up the Vocabulari de vacunes (Vaccination Glossary) which was completed in 2015, with the contribution of technicians from the Preventive Medicine Service. • The language content for Health Channel professionals was kept updated in order to offer linguistic resources and these were disseminated on a continuous basis. • At the end of the year a new project was instigated which is intended to adapt and trans- late into Catalan the health-related quality of life questionnaires (QVRS), which are currently used in Spanish, especially in the field of primary healthcare and hospital care. • The Sant Jaume Hospital of Olot and County Hospital of La Garrotxa, in conjunction with the CPNL and the SLC of Olot-la Garrotxa, collaborated in providing content for the journals Bufador and La veu de Sant Jaume. It also organized an activity as part of the Language Volun- teering programme with a group of Moroccan women to work on health issues. • Presentation at the Hospital Sant Joan de Reus of the Llegir per parlar, llegir per aprendre (Reading for Speaking, Reading for Learning) material with the aim that language pairs on the Language Volunteering programme run by the hospital can use them to reinforce their language learning. • A collaboration agreement was signed between the Regional Health Authority of Tarragona, the Linguistic Normalisation Centre of Tarragona and El Vendrell Hospital to conduct a lan- Agreements guage survey in the hospital. with the five Justice professional {association The Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Justice have signed five framework agreements with professional associations in the legal sector to promote the use of Catalan in the courts and in the councils legal world. } The Catalan government, through various agreements, provides language tools and training for more than 25,000 professionals working in the legal profession: 20,000 lawyers, 1,000 public prosecutors, 440 notaries, 160 registrars and almost 4,000 social graduates. In 2014 training in Catalan continues as part of the framework agreements signed of a total of 457 legal professionals, including lawyers, prosecutors, notaries, property registrars and labour relations legal advisers. These actions are aimed at increasing the use of Catalan in the legal and judicial spheres and guaranteeing the language rights of the general public.

76 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language qualifications The current system of evaluating knowledge of Catalan when allocating posts in the Justice Admin- istration is based on the attribution of a merit which is taken into account in examinations for initial appointments and for transfers. • Judges. The level with a merit is Intermediate and accounts for one, two or three years, depending on the category. • Judicial clerks. This is computed according to different situations and posts can be established with specific profiles where this is a requirement. The Elementary level counts for one year on the professional ranking; the Proficiency level counts for two years and Advanced counts for three years. • Prosecutors. Their Articles of Association envisage this evaluation in examinations for locum prosecutors in accordance with the different levels of language competence (Intermediate, Proficiency or Advanced). • Support and administrative staff. An evaluation is made for the first posting and transfers in accordance with the levels (Proficiency or Advanced).

Promotion of the certificate of knowledge of Catalan legal language The government has approved a decree that promotes the certificate of Catalan legal language (Level J) to encourage awareness between professional groups in the field of justice and thereby fulfil citizens’ linguistic rights. Driven by the Ministries of Justice and Culture, the decree establishes and regulates the requirements for obtaining a J certificate which will be issued by the General Directorate of Language Policy and the Centre for Legal Study and Specialized Training. The certificate will allow for texts to be written in Catalan adjusting the content and structure of each document using language resources appropriately and correctly, taking legal language into account.

Campaign «En català, també és de llei» (In Catalan: it’s also the law») At the end of 2014, the campaign «En català, també és de llei» (In Catalan: it’s also the law) to promote the use of Catalan in the courts. The aim of the initiative, supported by the Ministry of Justice, is on the one hand to inform and raise awareness among citizens of why Catalan should be used in relation to the world of justice and, on the other, among professionals in the sector as to why Catalan should be employed equally in courts as in public registries, notaries, law firms or labour relations consultancies amongst other environments. «En català, també és de llei» is directed at legal and justice professionals to provide citizens with a choice of language. A website has been created which includes testimonies, a portfolio of tools and resources for working in Catalan, aimed at legal professionals, with information on the laws and legal procedures that can be undertaken in Catalan. http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/justicia/.

77 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In 2014, we can highlight the following actions: — Presentation of the campaign within the framework of the V Seminar to Promote the Use of Catalan in Justice, organized by the Language Committee of the Council of the Bar As- sociations of Catalonia (CICAC). — The Plenary of the Parliament approved the proposal to the General Courts to amend the Organic Law on Judicial Power which regulates the Organic Statute of the Prosecu- tion Service, and other correlative regulations, in order to guarantee knowledge of Catalan among the personnel of the Justice Administration. — The aim of the proposal is that the official status of Catalan within the Justice Adminis- tration remains fully effective. Thus, it not only complies with current legislation but also with the recommendations of the Council of Ministers of the European Council on the application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

In 2014 a total of 1,442 professionals enrolled on courses teaching Catalan and legal language. These people came from various different bodies within the Justice Administration: judges, public prosecutors, clerks and administrative personnel, as well as other professionals working in the legal field thanks to agreements signed between the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Justice with the professional associations representing them: lawyers, notaries, prosecutors of Catalan courts, labour relations legal advisers and property and commercial registrars in Catalonia. 1,442 professionals on Catalan and legal Number of students language courses in the 2011 2012 2013 2014 { field of justice on Catalan and judicial language courses. 2011-2014 1,800 1,628 } 1,600 1,442 1,337 1,400 1,250

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

Source: Ministry of Justice.

78 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Justice Portal of Catalonia The Justice Portal of Catalonia (http://portaljuridic.gencat.cat/) provides the current law in Catalonia and a range of information services with the aim of being able to access and consult updated regulations in Catalan. The access of society (citizens, companies, the judiciary, public administrations, etc.) to current laws is one of the basic principles of transparency and democratic quality as well as promoting the social use of Catalan. Throughout 2014, the Justice Portal of Catalonia published 590 consolidations of rules and 6,729 regulatory modifications and incorporated the retrospective consolidation of Catalan Government decrees from the period 1978-1993, which were added to decrees from 1999 up to the present day (consolidated and consultable since the creation of the Portal). In order to consult State legislation consolidated in Catalan, the Official Gazette and Publica- tions Independent Organisation has worked with the Lexcat team of the Ministry of Justice, which this year has produced the consolidation of 11 new state laws published on the Justice Portal of Cat- alonia (at the end of the year, 171 state laws consolidated in Catalan). The function of the Justice Portal of Catalonia was recognized in Law 19/2014 of 29 December 2014 on transparency, access to public information and good governance, which, in Article 63.2 states: : «The Administration, in order to facilitate knowledge of the current law, must produce consolidated texts on regulations when they have been amended. «The consolidated texts are informative and must clearly indicate their nature and which regulations are being consolidated.»

79 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Official Gazette and Publications Independent Organisation The translation into Catalan of the legislation published in the Official State Bulletin (BOE) is coordinated by the Catalan Government’s Official Gazette and Publications Independent Organisation (EADOP), whose importance must be stressed in respect of the normalisation of judicial procedures in Catalan and the presence of Catalan among the legal community in general; the translation of judicial regulations provides the means by which judicial and administrative procedures can be comprehensively followed in Catalan. The BOE’s translation service started to operate following an agreement between the State’s General Administration and the Catalan Government in 1998, but the terms of the collaboration agreement also included the publication of retrospective supplements of all the regulations ranked as laws not expressly repealed in the BOE, which is the reason why there is a collection of translated supplements going back a total of 19 years prior to the signing of the aforementioned agreement (from 1979). All of the supplements are available to be consulted on the BOE website. Throughout 2014, 10,535 pages of state laws were translated which represents a total of 309 provisions published in 292 supplements. The progress compared to previous years can be seen in the following table:

BOE in Catalan 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Supplements 310 297 290 304 292 Provisions 400 388 209 267 309 Pages 6,095 6,606 3,384 5,285 10,535

80 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Organisations Organisations that promote the use of Catalan on their own initiative are an example of social dyna- mism and are a hugely important ally for the Generalitat’s language policy. For this reason, the Min- istry of Culture, through the General Directorate for Language Policy, supports these efforts through two initiatives: • Support for projects that foster the use of Catalan instigated by organisations. In 2014, grants 73 projects were awarded to 73 projects whose aim was to take action in those sectors of the population to promote the use where there was a deficit in the use of Catalan. The organisations under this umbrella come of Catalan driven by from the fields of culture, social integration, business organisations, trade unions, the pro- organizations motion of Catalan, youth, sports and leisure. { } Number of projects new promoting social business, culture youth & promoted by technologies the integration professions leisure organizations, language and trade according to type. unions 2014 20 19 20

15 13 11 8 10

5 2

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

81 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 • The Catalan government, through the ministries of Culture, Presidency, Governance and In- stitutional Relations, Education, Social Welfare and Family, Business and Labour, and Justice, supports the Platform for Language in accordance with the collaboration agreement it has 142 signed. organizations make • Support for the census of organisations that foster the Catalan language. The census includes up the Census foundations and associations engaged in initiatives to promote the Catalan language within { their sphere of operations. In 2014 this went from 120 to 142 organizations, which represents an increase of 18.33%. }

Census of 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 organizations 150 that promote the 142 Catalan language 2002 – 2014 140 120

120 117 100 86

80 66 83 55 60 46 62 42 43 40 55 40 31 26 27 41 22 39 37 36 31 20 26 27 Census 22

Renew 0

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

82 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Dissemination of the Catalan language In 2013, the General Directorate of Language Policy set in motion the App of the Week project on the occasion of the Mobile World Congress to publicize the range of apps for mobile devices in Catalan and to promote their use. Throughout this period, some 95 apps in Catalan have been recommended, these being just a sample of the thousands of apps in Catalan available on the network which are constantly growing thanks to market demand. Another initiative, which is sent weekly by the General Directorate of Language Policy, is «Mag- azines in Catalan», which reveals the most outstanding publications in the Catalan language to be found at kiosks.

«300 fets de llengua» (300 Language Events) On the occasion of the commemoration of the Triple Centenary of the events of 11 September 1714, the Ministry of Culture, through the General Directorate of Language Policy, rolled out the project entitled «300 fets de llengua» (300 Language Events) to increase people’s knowledge of these events, people both positive and negative, which have affected the Catalan language throughout history. The cam- 2,939 took part in the paign includes a board game, a website with an interactive timeline featuring the 300 most important language events, a competition aimed at students and volunteers of the Consortium for Language «300 fets de Normalisation, and a competition aimed at the general public via regional newspapers. { Some 2,729 students entered the competition and 210 participants from the Language Volun- llengua» game teering programme from 72 towns, and in June the grand final was held at a festive event with the 41 } finalist pairs, nine of which won prizes. With regard to the competition in the press, 14 publications and 1,000 people took part. «La Línia del temps de la història del català» (The timeline of the history of Catalan) is a website that gradually displays the 300 events chronologically: http://www.gencat.cat/llengua/300fets/ linia/.

II Nit de la Llengua al Món Digital In 2014, the General Directorate of Language Policy and Amical Wikimedia organized the second edition of the Nit de la Llengua al Món Digital (Language in the Digital World Night). The central event was a ‘Wikimarathon’ in which various volunteers updated articles about the Catalan language on Wikipedia. This year it was held simultaneously in Barcelona, Girona and Tarragona. The central theme of the II Nit de la Llengua al Món Digital was the content of the campaign «300 fets de llengua».

83 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan, a European language «Catalan, a European Language» is an exhibition organized by the Ministry of Culture which uses objective data to demonstrate the vitality, prestige and competitive capacity of the Catalan language within the framework of European languages, distributed over seven subject areas with brief texts The exhibition in Catalan and another language (English, German, Italian or Sardinian) and images that further «Catalan, strengthen this vision. In 2014, 58 exhibitions were organized which travelled to 39 Catalan towns and most nota- a European bly the FC Barcelona Museum. More than 825,000 people visited the exhibition in Catalonia which {language», was also put on in other towns outside the region such as Prada de Conflent, Nantes, Granada and Paranà.Various conferences and round tables were organized based on the exhibition, such as was held in «Salvar paraules?» (Saving Words?) given by journalist Empar Moliner in Manresa; «Catalunya, 43 towns } una llengua i una nació europees» (Catalonia, a European language and nation) in Lleida, and the round table «Catalunya y España: estado de la cuestión» (Catalonia and Spain: the state of the matter) in Granada.

Awards The Catalan government and various other institutions, especially in the fields of the economy and leisure, recognize in the form of prizes the people and organizations that have stimulated the quality and social prestige of the Catalan language. In 2014, the General Directorate for Language Pol- icy participated in and provided support for the awards for the Catalan language and Catalan sign language. • The V Pompeu Fabra Awards, given by the Ministry of Culture, were instigated in 2008 in order to recognize the individuals, institutions, companies or organizations that have contributed to promoting the use of the Catalan language. The awards are given in the following six categories: — Pompeu Fabra Award for the promotion and dissemination of the Catalan language. — Pompeu Fabra Award for professional, scientific or civic achievement. — Pompeu Fabra Award for the socioeconomic sphere. — Pompeu Fabra Award for communication and new technologies. — Pompeu Fabra Award for inclusion in the Catalan linguistic community. — Pompeu Fabra Award for language volunteering. • III Robèrt Lafont Award, instigated by the Ministry of Culture in 2010, in recognition of the protection, projection and promotion of the Occitan language.

84 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Business • CCC Award for Best Language Initiative in the Commercial Sector, awarded by the Chamber of Commerce of Catalonia. • SME Award for Language Quality in the business world, organized by the Small and Medium Enterprise association, PIMEC. • Alimara.cat Award, organised by the Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Education and Re- search (CETT). • Recognition for Language Quality in Business, awarded by the Independent Association of Young Business Owners of Catalonia (AIJEC). • Award for Language Normalisation in the Socioeconomic Sphere of Alt Camp (Consortium for Language Normalisation and Alt Camp Regional Council).

Cinema • Llanterna Digital Awards given by the Language Services Coordinator of Lleida for short films in Catalan and Occitan. • Sixth edition of the Gaudí Award for Best Film in Catalan (Catalan Academy of Cinematograph- ic Arts and Sciences). • Fic-cat Awards. Costa Daurada Festival of Short Films in Catalan (Fic-cat Association). • Filmets Awards (Filmets Badalona Film Festival).

Associations and organisations • II Joan Solà International Award for Research in Catalan Philology (Institute of Studies about Lleida, UdL, Bell-lloc d’Urgell Town Council, IEC and Òmnium Cultural, in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture). • Carme Serrallonga Award for Language Quality (University of Barcelona). • Roc Boronat literary competition in the Catalan language. • 27th edition of the Award for Linguistic and Cultural Normalisation (Cultural Action Athenae- um-ADAC). • Agustí Juandó i Royo Award [Consell dels Il·lustres Col·legis d’Advocats de Catalunya (Law- yers’ Association of Catalonia)]. • Joan Coromines Award, given by the Coordinator of Associations for Language in recognition of the efforts made by individuals or groups. • 14th Jaume Camps Award for Sociolinguistics (Òmnium Cultural del Vallès Oriental). • Award for Ideas to Promote the Use of Catalan in Reus (Reus City Council, Consortium for Language Normalisation). • Aramón i Serra Award for Linguistic Fidelity (National Language Association). • Josep M. Batista i Roca Awards. Enric Garriga Trullols Memorial (Catalan Institute for the Pro- jection of Catalan Culture Abroad-IPECC). • LSC-FESOCA Award for Catalan sign language.

85 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Presence on the internet and social networks The presence of the language policy bodies of the Generalitat on the internet and on social networks is fully established. The websites of the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the TER- MCAT Centre for Terminology and the General Directorate for Language Policy have received a total of 7,563,705 visits. 7.5 million visits to the language policy Website visits websites DGPL TERMCAT CPNL { } 5,000,000 3,895,769 4,000,000 2,834,704 3,000,000

2,000,000 833,232 1,000,000

Source: Produced by the General Directorate of Language Policy. DGPL, CPNL and TERMCAT.

Social network followers DGPL TERMCAT CPNL The social network 35,000 32,094 profiles have almost 30,000 { 85,000 25,000 followers 19,442 20,000 } 13,331 12,068 15,000

10,000 6,922 Twitter 5,000 1,071

Facebook 0

Source: Produced by the General Directorate of Language Policy. DGPL, CPNL and TERMCAT.

86 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language Language Guarantees Office rights The General Directorate for Language Policy deals with complaints from the general public concerning their language rights and the use of the language as well as requests for information through the 556 requests to Oficina de Garanties Lingüístiques (Language Guarantees Office). In 2014 there were 556 requests the Language from citizens, of which 151 were in reference to language rights. {Guarantees Office} Complaints about language rights 2011 2012 2013 2014 450 394 397 400

350

300

250 181 187 200 160 151 146 144 150

100

50 3 14 6 7 0

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

Due to the failure to use Catalan Due to the failure to use Spanish Total requests

The Catalan Health Service and the Catalan Institute of Health also received complaints in relation to linguistic matters in the field of healthcare. A total of 101 complaints were received: 73 due to the failure to use Catalan, and 28 due to the failure to use Spanish.

87 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan Consumer Agency The Catalan Consumer Agency is the body with the authority to guarantee companies’ compliance with the rights of consumers and users of services. To protect consumers it uses a variety of mecha- nisms:

barcelona girona lleida tarragona terres de l'ebre total

Number of complaints 68 2 1 3 0 74 Actions by inspectors 952 229 81 35 14 1.311 Proven infringements 481 39 3 11 4 538 Disciplinary cases resolved 54 0 1 2 0 57

Number of disciplinary cases 48,350 € 0 € 1,500 € 1,500 € 0 € 51,350 €

The difference between the proven infringements and the cases resolved can be explained by the fact that most of the infringements identified were settled while the case was being processed.

88 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Universities by country International exposure Germany 20 Argentina 3 Australia 1 The teaching atalan language and literature are studied in 148 universities around the world; of these, 86 are Austria 2 of Catalan C part of the Network of Catalan Studies Abroad of the Ramon Llull Institute (IRL). Brazil 1 abroad In 2014, the IRL carried out the following main actions: Canada 4 Croatia 1 • Maintenance of the Network of Catalan Studies Abroad with its 86 universities in 26 countries, of which 66 are in Europe, 17 in America, two in Asia and one in Oceania. Cuba 1 Spain 7 • In the 2014-2015 academic year, Catalan studies began at TUFS (Tokyo University of Foreign United States 24 Studies) in Japan and at the University of Regensburg in Germany, and teaching of Catalan liter- Estonia 1 ature resumed at the University of Milan after a two year break. Preparations are underway on agreements with the University of de São Paulo (Brazil) and the University of Foreign Studies in Finland 1 Beijing (BFSU) with the aim of starting Catalan studies from 2015. However, economic support France 20 has not been maintained for the universities of Lancaster (UK) or Brown (USA) which have now Holland (Netherlands) 1 dropped their Catalan language courses. Hungary 3 Ireland 2 Israel 1 Number of Italy 13 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Japan 3 universities in the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Network of Catalan Lithuania 1 Studies abroad. 140 Mexico 2 2003 – 2014 Poland 2 120 124 121 126 123 Portugal 1 United Kingdom 21 114 114 100 107 Czech Republic 3 93 95 98 Romania 1 80 86 Russia 2 Serbia 1 60 Sweden 1 40 Switzerland 1 Thailand 1 20 Chile 2 TOTAL 148 0

Source: drawn up by the DGPL based on data from the Ramon Llull Institute. Source: Ramon Llull Institute.

89 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 • The number of students enrolled for Catalan language and culture subjects was 5,848, most of which are in the UK (700), France (582) and Germany (551). In accordance with the trend in the last few years, language subjects attract the most students (67.50%), especially levels A1, A2 and B1 (83%), though there is a progressive increase in enrolments for subjects with a cultural 5,848 (16%) and literature (9%) content. students • In German universities, work has continued on implementing the Qualificació Comple- mentària (Supplementary Qualification in Catalan Language and Culture), which in 2014 in- followed Catalan volved the participation of 12 students from various universities, a significant drop compared {language, literature to the previous year. and cultural courses • Advanced studies and research continued to be promoted by means of funding from the Cen- at foreign tre of Catalan Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, the Catalan Studies Research Centre (Queen Mary, University of London), the Joan Coromines Chair of Catalan Studies (University of Chi- universities cago), the Juníper Serra Chair (University of Stanford) and the Rodoreda Chair (The Graduate } Center; City University, New York. • The Ramon Llull Institute organized various actions geared towards students from outside the linguistic domain to help them visit Catalan-speaking regions: — During the 2013-2014 academic year, courses were given in the universities of Bari, Bre- men, Bochum, Bologna, Cork, Manchester, Naples (L’Orientale), Roma (La Sapienza), Tu- rin and Venice, directed at students who intend to continue or extend their studies in a Catalan-speaking university, with the aim of helping them obtain a basic knowledge of Catalan in their home country. A total of 286 students took part in this initiative. — XIII University Campus of the Catalan Language. Held in Andorra la Vella and Girona between 13 and 27 July, Catalan language courses were given at the Elementary (B1) and Intermediate (B2) levels as well as courses on Catalan culture, and activities and cultural tours were organized for 29 students from 12 different countries (Germany, Canada, USA, Estonia, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, UK, Czech Republic, Russia and Serbia). — Summer language school in Barcelona. The Ramon Llull Institute, in collaboration with the University of Barcelona, organized the second edition of the Summer Language Study Stay in Barcelona between 1 and 18 July, aimed at students of Catalan at universities and other educational centres abroad. The stay combined language courses at Elementary (B1) and Intermediate (B2) levels and in Catalan culture with a programme of leisure activities and language exchanges in conversation groups with students from the University of Barcelo- na. A total of 28 students took part from 11 countries (Germany, Canada, Croatia, Spain, USA, France, Poland, UK, Czech Republic, Russia and Serbia).

90 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 • Teacher training programmes: — XXVIII International Seminars for Catalan Teachers. From 21 to 24 July, the Ramon Llull Institute organized the twenty-eighth edition of the International Seminars for Catalan Teachers, a space for learning, meeting, discussions and reflections for teachers of Catalan studies at foreign universities. Held at the University of Lleida, around a hundred teachers attended and also shared educational experiences through presentations, workshops and working groups. — Foreign culture in the classroom: practices, challenges and educational material. The Ra- mon Llull Institute and the University of Saarland organized a training seminar aimed at teachers of Catalan studies at German universities. The course, held in Saarbrücken on 9 May, was attended by 21 professors from 16 universities. — Lingue a confronto (Comparing languages): la didattica di lingue affini (the teaching of related languages). The Ramon Llull Institute and the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice organized this training course for teachers of Catalan in Italy and Croatia on 27 and 28 No- vember. The course was attended by 21 professors from 11 Italian universities and Zadar University in Croatia. — Training course on teaching Catalan as a foreign language. The Ramon Llull Institute, the Valencian Language Academy and the Vives Network of Universities organized the fifth edition of this course which was held in Vinaròs and Morella from 17 to 19 October. The aim of the course was to train future teachers of the Catalan language in foreign universities, and a total of 40 people signed up for the course. — Xarxallull.cat platform. The Xarxallull.cat platform is the benchmark site for foreign teachers on which to share teaching experiences and where various activities are organized and disseminated. It also continued to be used as a platform for teaching and learning, with the possibility of offering specialized courses, and by the Community of Practice for putting together cultural programmes that ran up until June. • The Ramon Llull Institute has continued to support international Catalan study associations by means of annual agreements for undertaking projects related to Catalan studies: — Anglo-Catalan Society (ACS) — Association Française des Catalanistes (AFC) — Associazione Italiana di Studi Catalani (AISC) 182 teachers — Deutscher Katalanistenverband (DKV) of Catalan studies around — North American Catalan Society (NACS) the world have taken part in the training programmes — International Association of Catalan Language and Culture (AILLC) { — International Federation of Catalan Associations (FIAC). }

91 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan communities abroad Germany 3 Foreign language communities have maintained their levels of activity in relation to Catalan. These Argentina 13 communities, made up of Catalans and Catalanophiles worldwide, enjoy the official recognition of Australia 1 the Generalitat. Over the year, with the Government’s support, 147 Catalan language courses and Austria 1 workshops were organized, managed by 51 organizations. Belgium 1 Brazil 2 Canada 1 Map of Catalan Costa Rica 1 communities Cuba 1 abroad Denmark 1 Ecuador 3 Spain 5 France 5 Italy 2 Japan 1 Luxembourg 1 Mexico 2 Paraguay 1 Switzerland 2 Uruguay 1 Venezuela 1 Chile 1 China 1 Catalan TOTAL 51 communities Source: Presidential Department. Secretary of Foreign Affairs and the European Union. Source: Presidential Department. Secretary of Foreign Affairs and the European Union.

147 courses in Catalan { communities abroad }

92 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Collaboration atalan-speaking territories need spaces and instruments for collaborating and sharing informa- with other C tion, projects and resources and for promoting the language. Catalan-speaking territories Casa de la Generalitat in Perpignan The Casa de la Generalitat (Catalan Government House) in Perpignan (France), the official representative of the Catalan Government in North Catalonia, through its Dissemination of the Catalan Language Service, provides support and resources for the initiatives and projects to promote Catalan as well as offering advice to institutions, companies and associations. • In 2014 the following Catalan courses were held:

2 at Beginner level 37 students 1 complementary level 14 students 1 summer immersion workshop 10 students Total 61 students

• Catalan exams of the General Directorate of Language Policy, with a total of 88 people registered.

Beginners 36 examinees Elementary 27 enrolled Intermediate 17 enrolled Proficiency 18 enrolled Total 88 enrolled

Apart from the courses, the Casa de la Generalitat in Perpignan also organized other actions, such as: — The Discovering South Catalonia programme, supporting immersive and bilingual schools on trips and stays in Catalonia, involving 512 students. — The Reading in Catalan at School programme, with subscriptions to Catalan magazines (Cucafera and Camacuc) for 21 primary immersive and bilingual schools. — The Language Volunteering programme had twelve new language pairings. — The translation of the texts of the official catalogue for the Visa Off festival of amateur pho- tojournalism in Perpignan. — Various dissemination and documentation activities. Talks on the Catalan language were given at primary and secondary schools. Documentation on the Catalan language was also distributed to associations and schoolchildren.

93 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The Generalitat in Alghero The Generalitat's representative in Alghero worked to strengthen the presence and knowledge of Catalan language and culture outside the region. In 2014, the following actions were undertaken: — Collaboration agreement between the Municipality of Alghero and Generalitat of Catalonia (signed in 2009) to promote economic, commercial and tourist relations over an eight-year period. This includes strengthening school and academic exchanges to disseminate and con- solidate the social use of the Catalan language. — Publication of a bilingual story (Algherese-Italian) inspired by the legend of St George but set in Alghero to teach Sardinian children about the origins of this date and the history of Alghero itself. The project included presentations at schools by the author, Carla Valentino. — Screening of the documentary Lo dia que els peixos han escomençat a pescar (The Day the Fish Started Fishing), a film about the memory and cultural identity of Alghero, proposing future solutions to foster the social use of the language. Round table in Barcelona following the screening with representatives of various institutions from Alghero and Catalonia. — Botigueta project: the network where we want to speak Algherese to promote the use of Ca- talan in stores. — Other collaborations: Istituto Alberghiero of Alghero, l’Escola del Treball (Work School) of Barcelona, IES of Sant Andreu de Llavaneres, Institució de les Lletres Catalanes (Institute of Catalan Letters, ILC) and Istituto Bellieni de Sàsser, for the organization of a Seminar on po- etic translation involving Catalan and Sardinian authors. MINET TV, to prepare a report on the Catalan language in Alghero; The FC Barcelona Foundation for the Barçakids project in Alghero; Òmnium Cultural of Alghero, the Cyrano bookshop in Alghero and Ara Música of Alghero in the organization of the Més a prop (Getting closer) festival.

94 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Regional distribution of the Population Survey on Language Use (EULP 2013) The General Directorate for Language Policy, having conducted the Population Survey on Language Use 2013 (EULP 2013) in Catalonia, has instigated the development of regional surveys with institutions and organizations in Catalan-speaking regions in order to gather data on the whole linguistic domain. In 2014, the following agreements were reached: — Collaboration agreement between the Ministry of Culture of the Catalan Government and the Ministry of Culture of the Government of Andorra. — Collaboration agreement between the Ministry of Culture and the Municipality of Alghero. Survey of 625 citizens of Alghero. — Collaboration agreements between the Ministry of Culture and the University of the Balearic islands. Theoretic sampling of 1,800 citizens.

Other actions The General Directorate for Language Policy has also undertaken the following actions: — Creation of a web platform on the Catalan Language portal with a presence on the social networks to support and disseminate initiatives in favour of the unity of the language. — Promotion of the incorporation of organisations across the whole region in the census of organisations for fostering Catalan. In 2014, 11 organizations from outside Catalonia were incorporated: · Catalan Cultural Centre of Andorra (Andorra) · Cultural Association of Matarranya (Aragon) · Association for the Teaching of Catalan – APLEC (France) · Association for the Defence of the Historical and Cultural Heritage of Alghero (Italy) · Romanquí (Rome, Italy) · Institute of Ibizan Studies (Balearic Islands) · Alcover Network Cultural Association (Balearic Islands) · Bromera Foundation for the Promotion of Culture (Region of Valencia) · Joan Lluís Vives Institute Association (Region of Valencia) · El Tempir Civic Association for Language (Region of Valencia) · Cultural Action of the Valencian Community (Region of Valencia) — Support for the Joan Veny scholarship. Research on linguistic diversity and standardisation through the Ramon Muntaner Institute. — Support for Òmnium Catalunya Nord to promote and disseminate Catalan courses for adults.

95 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Activities Catalan Government Delegation in Madrid in the Spanish The Catalan classes of the Catalan Government Delegation in Madrid, which are intended to dis- level enrolled students State seminate knowledge of Catalan language and culture in Madrid, offer various Catalan language courses for adults. All the courses last for 90 hours. Basic (A2) 97 The Government Delegation held two Catalan language examinations which were organized Elementary (B1) 42 and managed by the Ramon Llull Institute, with a total of 178 examinees. Government initiatives Intermediate (B2) 54 elsewhere in Spain focus on activities that promote and disseminate Catalan culture. Proficiency (C1) 62 As well as the courses at the Blanquerna Cultural Centre and support for Spanish universities Advanced (C2) 11 through the Ramon Llull Institute, the Government Delegation also carried out the following actions: Conversational course 14 Course for children 9 — Organisation of the Week of Catalan Culture at the Blanquerna Cultural Centre. Total students in 2014 289 — 4,462 people from elsewhere in Spain signed up for the first time for Catalan courses on the virtual learning site Parla.cat. — Parla.cat received 138,961 visits from the rest of Spain.

Other actions • Collaboration agreement between the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education, Language Policy and Culture of the Basque Government for specialist documentation centres to collaborate on the social aspects of language, regarded as among the most important repositories in Europe: the Documentation Centre of the General Directorate for Language Policy on behalf of Catalonia and HABE Liburutegia on behalf of the Basque Country. • Participation of the General Directorate of Language Policy in the II Aragonese Seminars on Sociology. As part of the programme of these seminars, a round table was organized on Languages and Identities.

178 examinees sat Catalan exams in { Madrid }

96 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Involvement he Catalan Government is a member of the European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity in European T (NPLD), the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) and the European Association of organisations Terminology (EAT). All three are the leading European associations in their respective fields. European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity The network represents 16 European languages: Catalan, Occitan, Gaelic, Irish, Basque, Galician, Cornish, Breton, Frisian, Welsh, Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, Lithuanian, Corsican and Sami. In 2014, the General Directorate for Language Policy took part in the following meetings of the network: • Meeting of experts from the European Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity (NPLD) to discuss new strategies to raise the European Union’s awareness of minority languages. On the same day, the NPLD Steering Committee held a round table on the motion approved by the Eu- ropean Parliament on Endangered and Minority Languages and the response of the European Union Commission, amongst other topics. • Meeting on the Traditional Linguistic Communities of France, held at the National Assembly in Paris. As part of the presentation on the Traditional Linguistic Communities of France, and at the request of the DGPL, the French-Catalan Trans-Border Institute of the University of Perpig- nan reported on the situation of the Catalan language.

Congress of the Association of Language Testers in Europe In 2014, the General Directorate for Language Policy took part in the fifth International Congress of the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) held in the International Centre for Edu- cational Studies in Sèvres (Paris) and entitled «Testing languages for multilingualism: promoting linguistic diversity and intercultural communication.» The ALTE Congress represents an opportunity for professional growth for everyone involved in teaching and testing languages, and the chance to hear influential voices, discuss key issues and meet colleagues from around the world.

Linguanet Europa The General Directorate for Language Policy has taken part in the Linguanet Europa project, which is a multilingual online resource centre for teaching and learning languages, offering web links and information on useful, high quality material for language teaching. In November 2014, at the Expolingua trade show in Berlin, the new website of the Lingu@network was presented (www.linguanetwork.org). This portal features more interactive options and offers a new interface which is available for all the functionalities in nine languages of European Union countries, one of which is Catalan, plus Arabic, Russian and Chinese.

97 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Terminology Summit In 2014 the Terminology Summit, which is held every two years in a different European location, was hosted by Barcelona The Summit was organized by TERMCAT and the European Terminology Association with the collaboration of the General Directorate for Language Policy of the Ministry of Culture, the Gen- eral Delegation for the French Language and the Languages of France, TERMNET and the Catalan 96 organizations Terminology Society (SCATERM). The central topic was the role of social networks in terminology and more than projects, as in the last few years these networks have become a key part of terminology-related activ- 14 languages were present ities and their dissemination. The debate featured over thirty speakers from different international at the organizations and companies who spoke in Catalan, English and French. Almost one hundred or- { ganizations signed up for the event. Terminology The European Association for Terminology fosters multilingualism through terminology and Summit provides a European platform for promoting and professionalising terminology-related activities, improving awareness of them and liaising and cooperating actively with other relevant organisa- } tions, associations and institutions engaged in terminology. The Summit also hosted the International Terminology Awards which every two years recognize the most outstanding work in the field of terminology research, whether theoretical or applied. The awards are given by the EAT according to the verdict of an international jury made up of respect- ed experts.

Cooperation of TERMCAT in other national and International terminology networks TERMCAT collaborates with these networks by sharing and disseminating information and publications on terminology, contributing to the seminars and congresses organized as part of the networks’ activities, by participating in the board meetings of certain organizations – TERMCAT has held the executive secretariat of the EAT since 2011 and the treasury since 2013 – and participation in multilingual terminology projects. — AETER, the Spanish Association for Terminology — EAT, European Association for Terminology — REALITER, the Panlatin Terminology Network — RITERM, the Ibero-American Terminology Network — SCATERM, the Catalan Association for Terminology

98 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 IV International Symposium on the Teaching of Catalan In 2014, the IV International Symposium on the Teaching of Catalan was held, organized by the University of Vic-Central Catalonia, the Catalan Government (Ministries of Culture, Education, and Economy and Knowledge), the Philology Department of the Institute of Catalan Studies, the Con- sortium for Language Normalisation, the Ramon Llull Institute and the Vives Network. The aim of the Symposium, which was attended by more than 300 delegates and featured 140 abstracts and presentations, was to evaluate the state of teaching in the Catalan language, define the lines for future action and encourage the sharing of experiences and research geared towards promoting the knowledge and use of Catalan among people for whom it is not their mother tongue. The Symposium was based around four main themes: culture and society; the didactics of language; acquiring and learning languages; and teacher training.

99 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Sign language in Catalan (LSC)

Promotion of In 2014, there were 29,424 people in Catalonia with hearing impairment according to figures knowledge L from the Ministry of Social Welfare and Family. of Catalan sign language The Social Council of Catalan Sign Language In February 2013, the Social Council of Catalan Sign Language was established, the body responsible for advice, consultations and social participation in the government’s language policy in relation to Catalan sign language. This body was set up in accordance with the provisions of Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language (LSC), passed in 2010. In May 2014, the Council held its annual meeting. At the meeting, a proposal was put forward to set up the LSC Prize for the Promotion of Catalan Sign Language which will be held for the first time in 2015.

Catalan sign language in education • The Catalan Government, through the Ministry of Education, offers bilingual LSC/Catalan teaching as part of the compulsory education system at seven schools in Barcelona, Sabadell and Girona. There are also 47 centres for hearing-impaired children which are the centres of reference for schooling children who have special needs deriving from hearing impairments for infant, primary and secondary compulsory education. They also have the support of spe- ech therapists at the educational centres for the hearing impaired (CREDA) and language and hearing educators (MALL). • Non-compulsory education (baccalaureate and other further education) provides a support interpreter for up to 15 hours per week per student. In 2014, 56 students made use of this service at schools in Catalonia, involving a total of 675 hours of interpretation.

100 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In 2014, the first edition of the Applied Language Course on Catalan Sign Language was held, organized by the Catalan Federation for the Deaf with the support of the teaching staff at the Catalan Sign Language Laboratory of Pompeu Fabra University and the Ministry of Culture. • The Ministry of Social Welfare and Family awards an annual grant for communication (interpreting service and interpreter/guide) for students with hearing or visual impairments over the age of 16. • The Consell de Cent secondary school in Barcelona offers training for interpreters and interpreter-guides in Catalan sign language.

University education • The Ministry of Economy and Knowledge has organized an annual line of grants for universities in the Catalan system to promote projects that guarantee equal rights for students with disabilities (UNIDISCAT). • Pompeu Fabra University has added the subject of Catalan sign language to its degree in applied linguistics and the degree in translation and interpreting. • The University of Barcelona offered a supplementary course at level A1 of LSC to a total of 50 students from the courses of philology, translation and interpreting, geography, journalism, social work, teaching and education, amongst others. • In 2014, the course was extended to level A2 of LSC. • The University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia validated LSC courses as free choice cre- dits through the Association for the Deaf of Vic and its surrounding region. • The Autonomous University of Barcelona offers students the Guia bàsica per a la comunicació en LSC. Signem (Basic Guide for Communicating in LSC).

Training personnel in Public Administration The Catalan Government offers training in Catalan sign language to staff working in Public Adminis- tration. — Three editions of the beginners’ course in Catalan sign Language were held: two in Barce- lona and one in Girona, for a total of 60 students. — Basic training was offered to healthcare personnel. — A module A course was given to the Mossos d’Esquadra Police force.

101 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan sign language services • The Girona Citizens’ Advice Office offers an LSC interpreting service. In 2014, 95 people used it. • The Ministry of Justice offers an LSC interpreting service for the Courts of Justice of Catalonia. In 2014, 213 interpreting services were provided, 43% more than the previous year (149). • Interpreting services were provided at the Government’s press conferences, the International Symposium on Linguistic Rights, the Summit of the European Association for Terminology and the Pompeu Fabra Awards, amongst other events. • The Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya (National Museum of Art of Catalonia) has a free video- guide service in sign language (a PDA with a tactile screen that plays videos in Catalan, Spanish and international sign language and has subtitles in Catalan, Spanish and English). • Every day at 9.00 am from Monday to Friday, the autonomous television station TVC offers five minute news bulletins with an LSC interpreter on the Els Matins morning programme (TV3 and 3/24) and the evening news on 3/24 also has an LSC interpreter, which is also available on the websites of the Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation.

102 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Occitan; Aranese in Val d’Aran

The language he data on Aranese were based on the Population Survey on Language Use 2013. situation T The population surveyed in the Val d’Aran consisted of residents aged over 15: 8,617 people, of Aranese representing 85.4% of the total population. Occitan The Language Policy Report of 2013 presented the main results from this survey, based on which an in-depth analysis was done this year with this 2014 Report highlighting the key factors.

The population of Aran According to the municipal census of inhabitants of 2014, the population of Val d’Aran was 9,993 people, of whom 3,673 (36.8%) were born there, 2,085 (20.9%) were born in the rest of Catalonia, 2,073 (20.7%) elsewhere in Spain and 2,162 (21.6%) abroad.

Foreign population* by country, Aran 2014 Population according 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 population % of total to place of birth. of country foreign Val d’Aran. population 2000-2014 100 % 5.0 % 7.6 % 12.5 % 18.5 % 23.7 % 24.3 % 23.3 % 21.6 % Romania 584 34.9 % 27.5 % 26.6 % Morocco 170 10.1 % 25.6 % 23.5 % 20.7 % Algeria 132 7.9 % 21.3 % 20.4 % 20.4 % France 87 5.2 % 24.0 % 23.9 % 23.1 % Bolivia 85 5.1 % 50 % 21.5 % 20.3 % 20.0 % 20.3 % 20.9 % Portugal 77 4.6 % Colombia 66 3.9 % 43.5 % 41.9 % Dominican 38.7 % 36.5 % 34.8 % 35.3 % 36.0 % 36.8 % Republic 62 3.7 % Italy 47 2.8 % 0 % Argentina 40 2.4 % Source: Prepared by the DGPL based on IDESCAT data. Other countries 325 19.4 % TOTAL 1,675 100.0% Val d’Aran Rest of Catalonia Rest of Spain Abroad * Population with foreign nationality

Source: Idescat.

103 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Knowledge of Aranese Occitan A large proportion of the population have acquired skills in Aranese Occitan regardless of their origin. Today, 80% of the inhabitants of Val d’Aran understand Aranese while more than half can speak and read it and a third can write it. 80 % of the Knowledge of Catalan in Val d’Aran is much higher, as more than 90% of the population under- population of Val d’Aran stand it and almost 70% can speak it. understand Aranese Knowledge of Spanish in Val d’Aran exceeds 95% in all language skills. { Occitan } Knowledge of Aranese, Catalan and Spanish in Val d’Aran. 2008-2013

aranese occitan catalan spanish

100 % 100 % 99.4 % 98.8 % 96.8 % 97.2 % 96.5 % 100 % 96.1 % 90.7 % 91.0 % 90 % 78.2 % 80.7 % 80 % 71.9 % 73.4 % 70.1 % 69.7 % 70 % 59.4 % 59.3 % 56.8 % 60 % 55.6 % 49.6 % 49.8 % 50 %

40 % 34.8 % 34.9 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 % 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

Understand it Can speak it Can read it Can write it

104 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 First language, language of identification and habitual language In 2013, people aged over 15 whose first or identification language was Aranese Occitan represented between 20% and 22% of the population, but just under 18% used it as an habitual language. With regard to other languages, almost 16% of the population use Catalan as their first, identification and habitual language while around 45% use Spanish as their first and identification -lan guage. Spanish is used by 55.1% of people as their habitual language. Since 2008 there has been a drop in the number of people who use Aranese Occitan as a first, identification and habitual language.

First language, habitual language first language identification language habitual language and identification language of the people 100 % 22.4 % 20.8 % 27.1 % 21.7 % 23.4 % 17.6 % of Val d’Aran. 2008-2013 90 % 3.8 % 80 % 2.2 % 2.2 % 1.5 % 2.1 % 16.4 % 14.6 % 15.8 % 1.2 % 16.5 % 16.0 % 70 % 15.0 % Occitan

Occitan and another 60 % 37.3 % 44.1 % 45.4 % 55.1 % 36.0 % 38.0 % language 50 % Catalan 40 % Spanish

Galician 30 %

Romanian 5.6 % 3.3 % 1.5 % 20 % 5.4 % 5.3 % 3.5 % 6.2 % 2.3 % Another language 5.5 % 4.7 % 6.4 % 10 % 9.2 % 8.3 % 0.8 % 5.6 % 4.3 % 1.7 % Another combination 7.0 % 2.7 % 3.4 % 1.6 % 2.8 % 3.0 % 1.8 % 0 % No information 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

105 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Language use in consumer and service environments Spanish is the main language in consumer and service environments (between 40% and 60%). The exclusive use of Occitan ranges between 2% and 20%. However, the native language of Aran is used more in combination with Catalan and/or Spanish: the use of Occitan together with Catalan and/or Spanish is 40% in dealing with the local administration, 35% in stores and around 20% in banks and major shopping centres. With the local Public Administration, the exclusive use of Occitan reaches 21.4%.

Language used in consumer and services Local administration environments by 21.4 % 6.3 % 5.1 % 5.6 % 8.0 % 41.2 % 12.1 % people in Val d’Aran. 2013 Banks and savings banks 6.7 % 5.1 % 7.3 % 15.6 % 45.7 % 15.7 %

Stores and small retailers Occitan only 5.8 % 8.7 % 16.7 % 6.9 % 42.9 % 13.9 % Catalan and Occitan Doctor Spanish and Occitan 7.5 % 9.5 % 56.7 % 18.2 % Catalan, Spanish and Occitan Catalan Government administration Other combinations 30.1 % 44.2 % 16.9 % with Occitan Large shopping centres Catalan only 5.3 % 10.7 % 7.3 % 50.2 % 23.1 % Spanish only State Administration Catalan and Spanish 13.2 % 60.0 % 21.3 % Other combinations 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

Source: EULP2013. Population of 15 years and over.

106 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Promoting ranese Occitan is the vehicular language of teaching in Val d’Aran and is also a subject on the knowledge A official curriculum to guarantee that children living in this region will learn it. of Aranese The teaching of Aranese to adults in Val d’Aran is the remit of the Conselh Generau 108 people d’Aran (General Council of Aran) which receives economic support from the Ministry of Culture. enrolled for adult education classes • During the 2013-2014 academic year, the Conselh Generau d’Aran has organised four courses in Aranese at levels A, A1, B and C in Vielha, three courses in Barcelona and two in Lleida, with a total of { 108 people enrolled. } • In 2014, 223 new students registered for online lessons in Aranese. Since 2010, there have been a total of 1,591 students.

Outside the region of Aran courses are also organised with the support of the Ministry of Culture. • The Occitan-Catalan Brotherhood Centre, with the support of the Ministry of Culture, organized six Occitan courses in Barcelona, for which 57 people enrolled, and as an awareness-raising initiative it also organized an Occitan Dictation event in Barcelona in which 60 people took part. 1,591 students of online courses The University of Lleida offers a Degree in Catalan and Occitan studies. In 2014, 27 students on in Aranese degree courses took the option of Occitan language and literature. { } Mobile app of the University Conversation Guides This interactive app for mobile devices is a language resource to facilitate university students’ ability to communicate in a variety of situations, especially in the case of mobility programme students coming to Catalonia or local students going to study at a foreign university. In December 2014, Oc- citan was added to the tool.

Language Volunteering programme The Voluntariat per la llengua (Language Volunteering) programme was extended to Aran in 2008 since when 63 language pairs in Aranese have been formed.

107 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Encouraging Occitan Film Festival the use The seventh Occitan Film Festival 2014, organized by the General Directorate for Language Policy, The 7th of Aranese featured audiovisual creations shown across Catalonia and the Occitan region, with the collaboration of Catalan and Occitan institutions and companies to promote awareness of the situation of Occitan Film Occitan in Catalonia and to promote cinematographic creation. Festival was held There was a significant increase in the number of screening venues at this seventh edition, { in 31 locations reaching 31 (up from 19 in 2013), as well as an increase in audience numbers across the region, with 1,278 spectators in total. The General Directorate of Language Policy also promoted the subtitling } into Catalan of the films presented. The collaboration of the Chair of Occitan Studies was a key factor in the 2014 edition of the Film Festival, as the students of Occitan themselves translated the films’ subtitled into Catalan. The Film Festival remained true to its determination to have a presence in the whole Occitan region, including Catalonia (Arenys de Mar, Barcelona, Canet de Mar, Cassà de la Selva, Castelló d’Empúries, Girona, Artedó —la Seu d’Urgell—, Les, Josa i Tuixén, Lleida, Premià de Mar, Reus, Sant Llorenç de Morunys, Solsona, Tarragona, Tolosa, Tortosa, Tremp and Vielha), France (Aurinhac, Aush, Bordèu, L’Isla de Baish, Masseuva, Montalban, Odèn, Pàmias, Prada de Conflent and Vilagal- henc) and Italy (Ostana and Roccasparvera).

60 universities around XI Congress of the International Association of Occitan Studies the world took part in The Chair of Occitan Studies at the University of Lleida organized the eleventh edition of the Con- the XI Congress gress with the support of the General Directorate of Language Policy of the Ministry of Culture. This { was the first time that the Congress was held in a territory where Occitan is actually the official of the language. It was attended by 200 delegates, 150 of whom presented abstracts. Some 60 universities International from all over the world were represented: 13 from France, 12 from Spain, seven from the USA, eight from Italy, five from Germany and five from the UK. It was also attended by professors and university Association researchers from Canada, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Brazil and the Netherlands. of Occitan This is the first time that Occitan was the primary language for delegates, who gave their pres- Studies entations in eight vehicular languages: Occitan, French, Catalan, Italian, Spanish, English, Galician/ } Portuguese and Aragonese. The General Directorate for Language Policy organized a round table on the language policy of Occitan in Catalonia and presented two papers: «Knowledge and Use of Aranese» and «The Legal Status of Occitan: from protected to official status.»

108 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Robèrt Lafont Award The Robèrt Lafont Award was set up in 2010 to be awarded every two years to any individual, company or organization that has stood out for its protection, projection and promotion of Occitan anywhere in the linguistic domain. In 2014 the award was given to the grammarian and lexicographer Jacme Taupiac. The jury paid tribute to his track record in studying, researching and promoting the Occitan language in general and its special relationship with Aran in particular. This year’s award was given at the same time as the academic homage to Robèrt Lafont organized by the International Association of Occitan Stud- ies (AIEO) as part of the Association’s eleventh Congress.

Llanterna Digital Awards At the ninth edition of the Awards, 24 short films were presented, two of which were in Occitan and 22 in Catalan. Five prizes were awarded in the following categories: primary and secondary schools, members of the university community, and an open category. The awards recognise the use of Catalan and Occitan in short films made by secondary or university students which encourage people to reflect about the language situation, and are directed at every member of the Catalan and Occitan language communities worldwide. The Llanterna Digital awards are the initiative of the Coordinator of Language Services in Llei- da, members of which come from the General Directorate for Language Policy; the Consortium for Language Normalisation, the CNL of Lleida; the Regional Education, Health and Justice Services of the Catalan Government; the Language Service of the University of Lleida; the l’Escola Oficial d’Id- iomes de Lleida (Official Language Academy of Lleida), and the Language Service of the Workers’ Commission trade union (CCOO).

Award of the Recognition of the Institute of Aranese Studies as the official language academy academic and in Catalonia for Occitan, Aranese in Aran linguistic authority On the occasion of the Decree granting official status to the Institute of Aranese Studies as an acad- of the Institute emy and linguistic authority for Aranese Occitan in Aran, an event was held at the headquarters of { the Conselh Generau d’Aran. of Aranese The purpose of the Institute of Aranese Studies is to conduct high-level research on Aranese Studies and establish its regulatory criteria in accordance with the principles of Loís Alibèrt’s Occitan Gram- } mar and the orthographic rules of Aranese as an integral part of the Occitan linguistic and cultural space. It will also collaborate with academic, research and cultural organizations recognized by public institutions in the Occitan area on establishing the linguistic guidelines for the Occitan language as a whole.

109 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 With the passing of this Decree, the Institute of Aranese Studies becomes the first Occitan body to hold an official academic rank. The decree also invests the Institute with the authority to provide advice in Catalonia on matters concerning the Occitan language – Aranese in Aran – in the sphere of public administrations and the organizations that report to them, public and private schools and publicly-owned media. Aranese, featured on both radio and Aranese in the media television The Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals, SA (Catalan Audiovisual Media Corporation-CCMA) { broadcast a total of 1,926 hours of content live in Aranese (TV and radio). If this were to include the digital content consumed on demand, i.e. not live, this figure would rise by 1,935 hours and 10 min- } utes. Thus in total, across all its media, more than 3,861 hours of broadcasting in Aranese were offered in 2014. With regard to specific programming, the slots of the CCMA, SA in Aranese were as follows:

On the television: • Throughout 2014, the TV station 3/24 broadcast a general news programme of 15 minutes in Aranese from Monday to Friday featuring the main news stories; moreover, the news round- up is broadcast in the whole of Catalonia to further spread the recognition of Aranese beyond its borders. • The news offering in Aranese is rounded off with a retransmission of the Friday edition of TN comarques (regional news) for Val d’Aran lasting an average of eight minutes.

On the radio: • Morning news between 08.00 and 08.30 from Monday to Friday except in summer. • Aran, meddia aranés. Broadcast from Monday to Sunday from 12.00 to 13.00 and 19.00 to 20.00 all year round. • Retransmissions of parliamentary processes were broadcast in Val d’Aran which particularly affect Aran. Live broadcasts and retransmissions of important events were also shown.

Digital media: On the website http://www.ccma.cat/aranes/, users can access content related to Val d’Aran, either produced in or dubbed into Aranese: the news round-up on 3/24, the TN comarques slot for Val d’Aran, the news on Catalunya Informació and the videos of productions that Televisió de Cata- lunya has broadcast in Aranese.

110 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Gencat website In 2014, the Catalan Government published its new gencat website which, for the first time, has been completely translated into Aranese Occitan, with the exception of the Latest News section which is only in Catalan, Spanish and English. This entails all the following content: — Homepage: http://web.gencat.cat/oc/inici/index.html — 24 topics: http://web.gencat.cat/oc/temes/ — The Procedures section which is equivalent to the electronic head office: https://seu.gencat. cat/oc/index.html — The Generalitat section containing content on the history of the Catalan Government: http://web.gencat.cat/oc/generalitat/ — The Contact section with a contact form and sections on how to contact the Catalan Govern- ment (telephone, email, citizens’ advice offices, etc.): https://ovt.gencat.cat/gsitfc/AppJava/ generic/conqxsGeneric.do?webFormId=391&set-locale=an_ES

On the homepage there is a section entitled «In Catalonia now» featuring news articles and links which is replicated in the Occitan version and hence translated.

• In relation to the publication in the DOGC (Official Gazette of the Catalan Government) in Aranese Occitan, in 2014 a set of 144 documents were published, which is higher than that of previous years as shown in the following table:

DOGC 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Documents 127 97 92 95 144

• The corporate portal of the Council of Public Diplomacy of Catalonia (DIPLOCAT) reinforces its multilingual nature with a new edition in Aranese Occitan. The new edition includes all the information on DIPLOCAT and its activities, as well as content of an informative nature on the situation of Catalonia. This project was instigated with the collaboration of the Con- selh Generau d’Aran and the General Directorate of Language Policy.

111 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Centenary of the death of Frederic Mistral In 2014 the death of the great Provençal poet Frederic Mistral (Malhana, 1830-1914), who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1904 and exerted a huge influence in Catalonia and its relationship with Provence, was commemorated in the Occitan region and Catalonia. As part of the commemorative acts, on 28 March the Ministry of Culture put on an official reception in Palau Moja, the repository of the 2nd Holy Cup, the symbol of Occitan-Catalan friend- ship, for a delegation from the Félibrige literary and cultural association headed by their capoulié (president). The General Directorate of Language Policy also collaborated with the Occitan-Catalan Broth- erhood Centre (CAOC) in organizing a conference by professor Jaume Vallvehí i Altimira: «The origins of Frederic Mistral’s dissemination in Catalonia: the Mataró group and the unpub- lished translation of Mirèio», about relations between Catalan Renaissance and Occitan Félibrige, and also participated in other events organized by the Occitan-Catalan Brotherhood Centre and the Félibrige Maintenance Association of Languedoc-Roussillon.

Collaboration agreement with the University of Lleida The Ministry of Culture signed a collaboration agreement with the University of Lleida to give it access, via the Chair of Occitan Studies, to the material of the Occitan Film Festival for scientific, educational and linguistic research purposes. It also facilitated free public sessions of the Film Festival as part of the dissemination activities of the Chair.

Collaboration agreement with the Federation of Occitan Convergence Organizations The Ministry of Culture and the Federation of Occitan Convergence Associations signed a collaboration agreement to foster the Occitan language and the cultural events and products expressed in that language. The agreement requires the two institutions to collaborate in organizing and disseminating activities to promote the Occitan language and share educational experiences and strategies for fostering the language and normalizing its social use, creating online linguistic resources and cooperating on linguistic and cultural projects to disseminate manifestations of Occitan expression. Convergència Occitana is a body that represents the Occitan movement in Toulouse (Langue- doc) and comprises more than eighty Occitan and cultural organizations and associations in the city and its region.

112 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Literary competitions In 2014, the Conselh Generau d’Aran organized the following: • The XXIV edition of the Mn. Condò Sambeat Literary Awards for which a total of 149 works were submitted, aimed at participants aged 9 to 17 years old. • The XIII edition of the Aran Literature Awards for people aged over 18, for which 14 works were submitted.

Catalan-Occitan Week In 2014 the XII Occitan-Catalan Week was held in Vielha, dedicated to Frederic Mistral on the occasion of the commemoration of Mistral Year. The programme of this edition featured the most recent publications of the Conselh Generau as well as sessions on Occitan literature to provide an in-depth look at Aranese and Occitan as a reference.

Catalan-Occitan-Aranese-Spanish machine translation service direction number The Catalan-Occitan-Catalan and Spanish-Occitan-Spanish machine translation service is now of translation of words available on the website of the Generalitat and can be used for online text translations. The service translated can also be added to websites as a translation button. Catalan > Occitan 3,923,168 During 2014, 9,623,725 words were translated and 208,077 service requests were received. Occitan > Catalan 791,632 Catalan > Aranese 830,234 Aranese > Catalan 351,899 Spanish > Occitan 920,398 Occitan > Spanish 951,113 Spanish > Aranese 1,060,910 Aranese > Spanish 794,371

Source: General Directorate for Language Policy.

113 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The legal framework

Legislation uring 2014, numerous new laws came into force which directly or indirectly affect the Catalan corresponding D language. These are detailed below along with certain issues still pending resolution, further to 2014 development or implementation.

Catalan Catalan language legislation Place names The Town Council of Santa Maria de Corcó has requested the restitution of the name l’Esquirol as the name of the town. DOGC no. 6637, of 4 June 2014, published Ruling GRI/1232/2014, of 28 May, agreeing to the town’s change of name from Santa Maria de Corcó to l’Esquirol.

Law 13/2014, of 30 October 2014, on accessibility. In order to include deaf and/or blind people in the framework of the Law, provisions were added on Catalan sign language (LSC) and oral language relevant to these collectives.

Law 16/2014, of 4 December 2014, on the Foreign Action of Catalonia and its Relations with the European Union This Law establishes one of its purposes to be the international promotion of the Catalan language and culture. In this respect, it states that the Government has to empower the Ramon Llull Institute as an agent for the international promotion of the Catalan language and culture expressed in Catalan, and that it should coordinate these actions with the Government Delegations abroad and with the Euro- pean Union and the sector offices of the Government abroad. The legal text also proposes improving the legal status of Catalan in the European Union so that it can be used in European institutions and given official recognition. Finally, the Law also contains references to the external dissemination of Aranese Occitan.

114 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Sworn translators and interpreters. Decree Law 8/2014, of 23 December 2014, establishes the creation of a Registry of Sworn Translators and Interpreters to appear before the judicial bodies based in Catalonia. This law transposes Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 Octo- ber 2010 on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings, which recommends that Member States should promote the creation of registries of independent and properly qualified translators and interpreters. The Registry that has been established will be available not only to judicial bodies based in Catalonia but also to the police authorities, the public prosecutors and the lawyers involved in any part of the process.

Amendment of Catalan language certificates / Decree 3/2014, of 7 January 2014, amending Decree 152/2001, of 29 May 2001, on the evaluation and certification of Catalan knowledge. This Decree modified the content, the test and the measurement instruments of the Advanced (C2) Catalan examination which up to then had also been referred to as Level D. This concludes the adaptation of all the Catalan language certificates to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (MECR). The Decree also amends the identification codes of the different levels of Catalan certificates to adapt them to the same identifying codes used by the MECR: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2.

Certificate of knowledge of legal language / Decree 180/2014, of 30 December 2014, on the certificate of knowledge of legal language (Level J) The Decree restores the certificate of knowledge of this specialist language (removed by Decree 3/2006, of 17 January 2006) due to the need to have some certification of knowledge of the Catalan language that could be viewed as having merit in the various processes of recruitment and providing jobs within the field of the Administration of Justice. The certificate will be issued by the General Directorate for Language Policy and the Centre for Legal Studies and Specialized Training of the Ministry of Justice.

Ramon Llull Institute / Government Agreement 12/2014, of 28 January 2014, amending the Articles of Association of the Ramon Llull Institute Basically, the reason for this amendment is so that the Articles of Association will reflect the withdrawal of the Institute from the Balearic Islands Government, on the one hand, and the its admission to the Barcelona City Council on the other.

115 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Reception / Decree 150/2014, of 18 November 2014, on reception services for immigrants and returnees to Catalonia The Decree envisages that, as part of the reception process, training should be provided to achieve skills in Catalan and Spanish, and in Aranese in Aran, to help people obtain the necessary language knowledge required to issue a reception certificate. The Decree also states that the language of promotion, information and support should be in Catalan, and in Aranese Occitan in Aran. The Decree also establishes that professionals working in the initial reception service must be able to prove their knowledge of Catalan with a C1 certificate as well as their knowledge of Spanish.

Amendment of the Census of Organizations that Foster the Catalan Language / Order CLT/359/2014, of 4 December 2014, modifying Order CLT/59/2012, of 22 February 2012, on the Census of Organizations that Foster the Catalan Language. The Order introduces the possibility of electronically processing requests for inclusion in the Census and adds a new reason for excluding an organization from the Census.

Aranese Occitan in Aran

Institute of Aranese Studies / Decree 12/2014, of 21 January 2014, granting the Institute of Aranese Studies official status as an academy and linguistic authority on Occitan, the language of Era Val d’Aran and an official language of Catalonia. The Decree recognises the Institute of Aranese Studies as the linguistic authority on Aranese Occitan. It is also the reference body on the Occitan language for Public Administrations and the organizations that report to it, public and private schools and the publicly-owned media in Catalonia. For this reason, the scope of action of the Institute now embraces the whole of Catalonia. The Decree also establishes a mandate for the Institute of Aranese Studies to collaborate with academic, research and cultural organizations recognized by public institutions in the Occitan region in establishing the linguistic regulations of reference for the Occitan language as a whole, in accordance with the principles of Occitan grammar of Loís Alibèrt and the orthographic rules of Aranese. This Decree complies with the mandate that in this respect was envisaged by Article 4.3 of Law 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. The Institute of Aranese Studies was set up in 2002. In 2008 it was recognised as the linguistic authority on Aranese in Aran by the Agreement of the Plenary of the Conselh Generau d’Aran (General Council of Aran).

116 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Ruling JUS/2518/2014, of 6 November 2014 on the entry in the Registries of Academies of the Catalan Government of the Articles of Association of the Institute of Aranese Studies as the Aranese Academy of the Occitan language. This Ruling, which transcribes the Articles of Association of the Institute of Aranese Studies, constitutes the corollary of the previous Decree, 12/2014, and culminates the process of reform of this institution as the linguistic authority and official academy for the Aranese version of the Occitan language in Catalonia.

Certificates of Aranese / Ruling on the definitive approval of the amendment of the Decree regulating certificates of Aranese The Plenary of the Conselh Generau d’Aran, in its ordinary session held on 28 April 2014, initially approved the amendment of the Decree regulating the certificates issued by the Conselh Generau d’Aran accrediting knowledge of Aranese, which is not definitively approved. This Decree overrules the Permanent Board of Aranese and establishes the following five certificates and a diploma: — Certificate A for basic oral knowledge of Aranese (Aranese Occitan) — Certificate A1 for basic oral and written knowledge of Aranese (Aranese Occitan) — Certificate B for elementary oral and written knowledge of Aranese (Aranese Occitan) — Certificate C for intermediate oral and written knowledge of Aranese (Aranese Occitan) — Certificate D for advanced oral and written knowledge of Aranese (Aranese Occitan) — Diploma for Master of Aranese

Occitan language and culture / Ruling ENS/1790/2014, of 23 July 2014, amending Ruling ENS/1432/2013, of 27 June 2013, on the syllabus of compulsory secondary education and Baccalaureate courses in schools where a distance learning option can be taken in order to incorporate optional subject matter on Occitan language and culture Up until now, the optional language subjects, which did not include Occitan, were: French, German, Italian and English. The inclusion of this academic option on the introduction to Occitan language and culture is available as a distance learning module from the Open Institute of Catalonia (IOC).

Occitan language / Resolution of the University of Lleida of 7 November 2014 ordering the publication of a syllabus for the qualification of a degree in Catalan and Occitan Studies This syllabus was published for the qualification of Degree in Catalan and Occitan studies at the Uni- versity of Lleida. It replaces the Degree in Catalan Philology which was introduced in the 2009-2010 academic year in accordance with the same Resolution.

117 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 State legislation Consumer / Law 3/2014, of 27 March 2014, modifies the consolidated text of the General Consumer Protection Law and other complementary laws, approved by Royal Legislative Decree 1/2007, of 16 November 2007. The new aspects introduced by this legal text, compared to the previous one, with regard to language regulation are as follows. — It makes it mandatory to provide consumers and users with pre-contractual information at least in Spanish, and also makes it compulsory to inform consumers and users about the language or languages in which the contract can be formalized when this is different from the language in which the pre-contractual information has been offered. — It also includes the obligation to use Spanish in distance contracts for the information that is seen as necessary to provide for consumers and users. It also makes it mandatory to use Spanish in contracts formalized outside the establishment for the information that is seen as necessary to provide for consumers and users.

In short, the modification of the consolidated text of the General Consumer Protection Law entails the imposition of Spanish in a certain type of document (pre-contractual information) which was not previously a requirement.

Implementation of the LOMQE / Royal Decree 591/2014, of 11 July 2014, regulating the administrative procedures in respect of the recognition of compensation of the costs of schooling envisaged in Section 4 of the thirty-eighth additional provision of Organic Law 2/2006, of 3 May 2006, on education. The term "compensation for the costs of schooling" in the Royal Decree refers to the cost of a private school where Spanish is the vehicular language, provided that the students in question cannot find this type of educational offering in the public education system. This provision, against which the Catalan Government has lodged a positive conflict of jurisdiction appeal with the Constitutional Court, envisages that the abovementioned costs should be met by the corresponding Autonomous Communities.

Sworn interpreters / Order AEC/2125/2014, of 6 November 2014, establishing the regulations for examinations for the qualification of sworn translator/interpreter. This Order replaces another order of 1996 in order to adapt to the changes in the regulatory standards of sworn State translators and interpreters. In this respect, it is worth noting that the Catalan Government has its own law which regulates the activities of these professionals. It does not include any reference to other sworn translators and interpreters "qualified" by Autonomous Communities, or registries or the possibility of recognizing them, or any reference to the other official languages in Spain. It states that the stamp data must by necessity only be in Spanish.

118 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Europe Council of Europe. European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages In view of the drafting of the fourth European Council report on compliance by the Spanish State of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Ministry of Culture has sent the Spanish Government the fourth periodic report on compliance with the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Catalonia corresponding to the period 2010-2012. This document, which for the first time the Generalitat has also sent to the Committee of Experts of the European Council, details the following aspects: a) Updated information on the current situation and the knowledge and use of the Catalan and Occitan languages. b) Explanation of the language policy of the Government of Catalonia. c) Information on new laws. d) A complaint about the obstacles being placed in the path of the implementation of the Euro- pean Charter.

The IV Final Report drawn up by the State, processed by the European Council, has systemati- cally and fully omitted the information on the opposition of the State’s language policy to the Catalan language in Catalonia and in other Catalan-speaking territories. Even so, the General Directorate of Language Policy has drawn up a document, which can be referred to online, entitled Greuges contra la llengua catalana 2010–2013 (Offences Against the Catalan Language), based on data provided by the General Directorate itself for this IV Spanish Report to follow up on the implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: (http://llengua.gencat.cat/web/sites/llengua/. content/documents/legislacio/recull_de_normativa/ altres/arxius/greuges_2010-2013.pdf) The Committee of Experts of the European Council published on 24 October 2012 the third report on compliance by the Spanish State with the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages relating to the period 2006-2009.

Occitan, the official language of the Pyrenees-Mediterranean Euroregion At the Euroregion Meeting on 27 October 2014 in Mallorca, the modification to the statutes to incorporate the Occitan language as an official language alongside Catalan, French and Spanish was approved. From that date on, Occitan is effectively an official language in this organization for regional cooperation, made up of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, Languedoc-Roussillon and the Midi-Pyrenees. The official status of Occitan was promoted by the Catalan Government which formalized a petition in February 2014, in accordance with Resolution 444/X of the Parliament of Catalonia, in November 2013. For the proposal to be made effective it was necessary to modify the statutes of the Euroregion, which was requested by the Secretariat for Foreign Affairs with the support of the General Directorate for Language Policy.

119 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Jurisdictional action

Court rulings f the court rulings issued in 2014 that affect the regulatory corpus in the legal sphere of the Catalan O language, the following are worth highlighting:

Language of instruction Supreme Court Ruling of 27 January 2014 Dismissal of the appeal lodged by the Catalan Government against two interlocutory rulings of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia, of 9 January 2013 and 6 March 2013. The first required the Min- istry of Education to adapt the language teaching system with regard to the children of the claimant to also give Spanish the status of the vehicular language of instruction. The second interlocutory ruling confirmed the previous one, dismissing the appeal lodged against it.

Requirement to implement Spanish for 25% of teaching Interlocutory ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia of 30 January 2014 In the interlocutory ruling, the Court established a minimum quota of 25% of Spanish as the vehicular language of instruction in courses and classes where the children of the claimant study, without prejudice to considering Catalan as the core language of the educational system.

Supreme Court Ruling of 30 June 2014 The Ruling dismissed the cessation appeal lodged by the Catalan Government against the two interlocutory rulings of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia, dated 31 July and 4 October 2013, which required the Ministry of Education to take the precautionary measures necessary to adapt the language education system with regard to the children of the claimant, considering Spanish to also be the vehicular language of instruction in Catalonia alongside Catalan. These precautionary measures were adopted until such time as a ruling was issued in response to the contentious-administrative appeal lodged by the father of the students at the same Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia. Along the same lines as the previous case, there are various other rulings by the same Supreme Court in relation to appeals lodged for the same reason by other claimants before the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia, on which rulings have not yet been issued.

120 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Supreme Court Ruling of 31 October 2014 The Ruling dismissed the appeal lodged by the Impulso Ciudadano Association against the Ruling of the Contentious-Administrative Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia of 17 October 2012 which, in turn, dismissed the appeal lodged by the same association against Decree 155/2010, of 2 November 2010, on the management of public schools and professional management personnel. The Supreme Court therefore upheld and confirmed the Ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia, while again rejecting the claims of the abovementioned association, which centred on its objection to Article 6.d) of the abovementioned Decree which establishes that Catalan should be the vehicular language of education, administration and communication used normally in the school’s activities.

Lack of legitimacy of Convivencia Cívica Catalana (Catalan Civic Coexistence) in various causes relating to the regulations for application and enrolment for requesting the habitual language of the school Ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia of 29 September 2014 The abovementioned association lodged an appeal against Resolution ENS/315/2012, of 23 February 2012, approving the regulations for the application and enrolment of students at schools in the Cat- alan Education Service and other educational centres, in the different education systems supported by public funds, for the 2013-2014 academic year. It called for the contested ruling to be declared null and void with reference to Article 19.7 (information on the language policy of the school and the possibility of individual language teaching for the student) and the official form for requesting pre-enrolment. It also called for the Catalan Govern- ment to be ordered to replace the annulled precept and request by others that would guarantee the inclusion of Spanish as a vehicular language of instruction on an equal footing with Catalan for all students in charter schools; the effective exercise of students’ right to receive their initial education in their habitual language, whether Catalan or Spanish, under identical conditions in both cases; and the inclusion of an official form for application and enrolment that asks the student’s habitual language as well as information to be provided by the parents at the time of enrolment. The Court declared the appeal inadmissible due to the lack of legitimacy of the claimant association.

Ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia of 22 September 2014 It also declared the inadmissibility, due to lack of legitimacy, of the appeal lodged by the same association, in this case against Ruling ENS/260/2014, of 7 February 2014, approving the regulations for the application and enrolment of students in Catalan Education Service schools and other educational centres in the different educational systems supported by public funds for the 2014-2015 academic year. The challenge was based on the same reasons as the previous Ruling.

121 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Liability for lack of schooling in Spanish Rulings of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia on 30 September, 10 October, 16 October, 28 November and 23 December 2014 All these rulings rejected the appeals lodged by parents of students whose requests for their children to be schooled in Spanish as the vehicular language of instruction had been dismissed previously. The Court deemed that the Catalan Government had no state liability for the complaint lodged by the claimants, given that it could not be proved that their children had suffered any kind of prejudice from not being schooled in Spanish as the vehicular language of instruction.

Protocols for language use in the healthcare sector Protocols for language use in the healthcare sector This Ruling, on 2 May 2014, was in favour of the Catalan Government in the case of the appeal lodged by the Impulso Ciudadano association against the document entitled Protocol for Language Uses in the Public Healthcare Sector in Catalonia, and also in the case of a second document entitled Protocol for Language Uses by the Catalan Government and its Public Sector. The Court accepted the arguments put forward by the Catalan Government and declared the inadmissibility of the appeal presented, given that the abovementioned documents cannot be challenged as they cannot be regarded as administrative acts or general regulations (or protocols, as they appear in the documents) but simply as circulars. Furthermore, the Court also declared the appeal inadmissible due to the fact that the claimant association, to which the court costs were charged, is not legitimately entitled, either for its purposes or as a hypothetical injured party, to appeal against the aforementioned protocols. In short, the Court declared the appeal as inadmissible and therefore the protocols against which the association had appealed continue to be within the law.

Accreditation of the language knowledge of teaching staff in the Catalan university system Supreme Court Ruling of 13 June 2014. This Supreme Court Ruling, of 13 May 2014, confirmed the Ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia of 9 May 2012 in favour of the Catalan Government against the appeal lodged by the Con- vivencia Cívica Catalana association, in the first instance, against Decree 128/2010, of 14 September 2010, on the accreditation of the language knowledge of teaching staff in the Catalan university system. The Supreme Court, in view of the case law in the ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Cat- alonia, declared the appeal inadmissible due to the fact that the claimant association, to which the court costs were charged, is not legitimately entitled to appeal against Decree 128/2010.

122 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Knowledge of Catalan as a requirement for civil servants in the local Administration with State qualifications Supreme Court Ruling of 16 and 22 July 2014 Both rulings confirm rulings by the Supreme Court of Justice of Catalonia, which had dismissed the appeals lodged by the General Council of Official Associations of Secretaries, Auditors and Treasurers in the Local Administration against the requirement for knowledge of the Catalan language to access certain auditor/treasurer and secretary/auditor positions. The Supreme Court rulings, therefore, corroborated the legality and constitutionality of the accreditation of knowledge of Catalan in these particular circumstances.

Sanction of a judge due to contempt towards the Catalan Government and the Catalan language Supreme Court Ruling of 29 July 2014 The Ruling dismissed the appeal lodged by Judge Aníbal Saturnino against the Resolution of the Plenary of the General Council of the Judiciary of 12 November 2013, which imposed the sanction of suspension of functions for six months due to very serious infraction of contempt towards an institution (Generalitat of Catalonia). Indeed, the Ruling deemed it as proven that in several judicial rulings the Judge in question used expressions that contained a high level of contempt towards the administrative activities of the Catalan Government and, more specifically, expressions of contempt towards the use of Catalan in administrative documents. The Ruling itself quoted examples of the expressions used by the now-penalized Judge when referring to the administrative activities of the Catalan Government in relation to the language, such as: «linguistic imposition, institutional dis- loyalty, ideological hatred and linguistic fanaticism, perversity, and accusations of marginalizing, hindering or eliminating Spanish.»

Integrated treatment of language (TIL) in the Balearic Islands Rulings of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Balearic Islands on 22 September 2014 These three rulings were issued in response to appeals lodged against Decree 15/2013, of the Govern- ment Council of the Balearic Islands, regulating the integrated treatment of languages in non-university educational centres in the Balearic Islands, by the following three trade union organizations: the Confederació Sindical de Comissions Obreres de les Illes Balears (Trade Union Confederation of the Balearic Islands - CCOO), the Sindicat de Treballadores i Treballadors de l’Ensenyament, Intersindi- cal de les Illes Balears (Union of Workers in Education of the Balearic Islands -STEI-I) and Federació Estatal de Treballadors de l’Ensenyament (State Federation of Education Workers - FETE), part of the Confederació Sindical de la Unió General de Treballadors (General Workers Union – UGT).

123 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 The Court considered that, in drawing up the challenged Decree, the Government of the Balearic Islands infringed the Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands, which establishes the obligation to consult the University of the Balearic Islands in drawing up provisions that affect the normalization of the knowledge and use of the Catalan language. The Court also emphasized that the modification of the educational system imposed by the TIL entails an impediment to the Catalan language and its process of normalization, as its presence in educational centres would be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the Court deemed that the report analysing the impact of this legislation presented by the Government did not justify the approval of the Decree. It is worth remembering that the TIL system establishes teaching in Catalan, Spanish and Eng- lish in equal measure, which would mean that Catalan would no longer be the vehicular language of education.

Cessation of TV3 broadcasting in the Valencian Community Supreme Court Ruling of 11 November 2014 The third section of the Contentious-Administrative Chamber of the Supreme Court overruled the cessation of TV3 broadcasting in the Valencian Community as well as the fine of 100,000 euros imposed on the Ramon Muntaner Foundation, which facilitated the transmission signal, deeming that the Valencian Regional Government does not have the authority to sanction the transmission of these broadcasts because this power belongs to the State Administration. The Ruling upheld two appeals lodged by the Foundation against the ruling issued by the Valencian Supreme Court of Justice which confirmed the provisional shutdown of TV3 transmitters in the Valencian region and the fine imposed by the Council.

Pending litigation – n 2014, a number of unconstitutionality appeals lodged against Catalan laws governing major unconstitutionality I linguistic prerogatives continue to have actions pending in court. appeals Occitan, Aranese in Aran, Act Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran, challenged before the Constitutional Court in 2011, is still awaiting a ruling. One of the remarkable facts with regard to language in the Statute of Autonomy of 2006 is the reference to Occitan, in the Aranese variant, with the declaration of its official status across the whole of Catalonia. The Statute refers for future legislation the scope and content of this official status, aspects which were established with the approval of Act 35/2010. An interlocutory ruling of the Constitutional Court on 14 December 2011 agreed to uphold the suspension of Articles 2.3, 5.4, 7 and 6.5 with regard to the preferential use of Occitan, Aranese in Aran.

124 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Education Act The Education Act 12/2009, of 10 July 2009, enacts the linguistic system deriving from the Statute which, in Article 143.1, establishes that the Catalan Government enjoys exclusive competences over Catalonia’s own language. Also in 2009, an appeal was made to the Constitutional Court against the Act, on the grounds of unconstitutionality by a group of more than 50 MPs from the Popular Party in the Spanish Parliament’s Chamber of Deputies. The articles challenged that govern the linguistic system in education were essentially those that determine the curriculum for the teaching of languages (Art. 9.2), the personalized reception of newly-arrived students in Catalan (Art. 10.2), the linguistic system of schools in Aran (Art. 17), teacher training (Art. 109) and knowledge of Catalan in order to obtain a civil service teaching post (Art. 119). A ruling on the abovementioned appeal had not yet been issued in 2014.

Catalan Consumer Code Act Act 22/2010, of 20 July 2010, on the Consumer Code of Catalonia, devotes Articles 121.2 and 128.1 to the language rights of consumers; Article 211.5 to the language requirements for consumer relations; and Article 331.6 to infringements of language rights. The new legal text increases the capacity of the Generalitat's Administration to fulfil its supervisory role and hence its power to impose sanctions and discipline on the sector. Two unconstitutionality appeals were lodged against this Act for which no ruling had yet been issued in 2014: — Unconstitutionality appeal no. 7611-2010, lodged by the Partit Popular (Popular Party) before the Constitutional Court and admitted for processing on 3 November 2010. The articles challenged refer to the language in which consumers are addressed verbally and in writing and the language of documentation and information required for the appropriate consumption and use of goods and services intended for consumers. — Unconstitutionality appeal no. 7418-2010, lodged by the Ombudsman against Article 128.1 of the Act, regarding the language rights of consumers. This appeal was admitted for processing on 3 November 2010.

The Film Act The Film Act 20/2010, of 7 July 2010, establishes the regulatory framework governing the film and audiovisual industry with regard to the production, distribution, marketing and exhibition of cine- matic and audiovisual works; to aspects concerning the promotion, preservation and dissemination of cinematographic heritage, and to supporting the offering of films in Catalan, whether original, dubbed or subtitled.

125 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 In order to effectively guarantee the Catalan public’s right to language choice in this area, the Act establishes, in general, that whenever a feature film is premiered in Catalonia, whether dubbed or subtitled, the distributors shall be obliged to release 50% of all copies in a Catalan language version and must also respect this language balance in all the publicity for these films. In 2010, an unconstitutionality appeal, no. 7454-2010, was lodged against the Act by the Popu- lar Party and admitted for processing by the Constitutional Court on 3 November 2010. The articles contested were those referring to the obligation upon film distributors and exhibitors to distribute and screen, respectively, 50% of the analogue copies of films in a Catalan language version, and also to the obligation to provide Catalan language access to digital copies. Finally, it also contested the articles regulating the disciplinary action. No ruling has yet been handed down in 2014 on this appeal. It is also worth remembering the ruling issued in 2012 by the European Commission on the discriminatory nature of Article 18 of the Act. In 2014 no ruling had yet been handed down so for the time being there are no changes to the Catalan law.

Act on the reception of immigrants and those returning to Catalonia Act 10/2010, of 7 May 2010, reflects the idea that reception is not just a process of full integration but the initial stage of a process that lasts several years. In this respect, the aim is not to list all the rights in every field (education, health, language teaching and learning, employment, etc.) but rather to regulate the inherent sectoral right in this instance: the right to receive a reception service, including language teaching. Subsections 2, 4 and 5 of Article 9, which contain language provisions, were challenged in 2010 by the Ombudsman before the Constitutional Court. These subsections of article 9 essentially refer to Catalan as the common and vehicular language of reception, in accordance with its status as an official native language. No ruling has yet been handed down in 2014 on this appeal.

126 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Pending regulations

State Rights, duties and principles governing public policy in the field of language with regard to public authorities and associated national agencies With regard to constitutional and jurisdictional bodies at State level, Article 33.5 of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia introduces the generic right to the use of Catalan before constitutional and jurisdictional bodies with competences throughout the State. However, the effective enforcement of this principle depends on the introduction of the necessary changes to State regulations, such as the Regulations of the Congress, the Organic Law of the Constitutional Court, procedural laws, etc. There were no new legislative developments in this respect in 2014.

Europe International profile. Limited official use of languages Following a process of negotiation among the twenty-five member states, on 13 June 2005 the Council of Ministers of the European Union agreed a set of conclusions covering the possibility of limited official use, at EU institutions and bodies, of languages which do not have the status of official and/ or working languages of European institutions. In accordance with the conclusions of the European Council, the Spanish government and any other member states may request the establishment of administrative agreements with the different institutions and bodies of the EU. In 2014 there were still difficulties in fulfilling the administrative agreements signed to date with the various bodies (the Council, the European Commission, the Committee of the Regions, etc.) which should allow, in general, for the publication in Catalan of all Acts passed by the European Parliament and the Council, verbal presentations at Council meetings and, where applicable, those of other institutions or bodies of the EU and, finally, written relations between Spanish citizens who wish to exercise this right and the bodies and institutions of the EU.

Catalonia Regulations on local use at public authorities and associated agencies Article 9.3 of Language Policy Act 1/1998, of 7 January 1998, establishes that local authorities and universities must regulate the use of Catalan within the sphere of their competences through the approval of regulations which comply with the instructions and principles of this Act. In this respect, there are some local bodies that have still not drawn up their regulations. In 2014, the Regulation for the Use of the Catalan Language was definitively approved by Lleida City Council, which essentially adapts the standard model of the Regulation for Use provided by the Consortium for Language Normalisation.

127 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Other Catalan- Region of Valencia speaking Education regions: This year saw the publication of Decree 108/2014, of 4 July 2014, establishing the curriculum and regulatory general regulations for Primary School Education in the Valencian Community. The Decree, issued to changes implement the LOMQE, envisages an increase in the amount of teaching hours in Spanish in all current educational syllabuses, which affects students studying multilingual syllabuses in the Valencian language and also students studying the syllabus in Spanish. Furthermore, the Decree does not take into account the observations made by the Valencian Academy of Language in proceedings prior to its approval with regard to the marginalization of the Valencian language in the educational system.

Competences over language policy Council Decree 140/2014 was published on 5 September 2014 approving the organic and functional ruling of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. This provision regulates the body responsible for language policy in the Valencian regional government, which is the General Directorate for Inno- vation, Planning and Language Policy.

Place names In 2014, four municipalities officially adopted their name in Valencian: Potries, Xert, Vistabella del Maestrat and Atzúbia.

Balearic Islands Consumer affairs Law 7/2014, of 23 July 2014, on the protection of consumers and users in the Balearic Islands, can be regarded as regressive from the perspective of its regulation of language rights, in view of the previous legal text, as it eliminates the measures to promote the Catalan language and the provision that information which affects people’s health and safety may only appear in Catalan if it is easily understandable, which appeared in Law 1/1998, now overturned.

Place names The Executive Council of the Island Council of Ibiza adopted the agreement of 1 September 2014 to change the name of the town of Santa Eulalia del Rio (sic) to Santa Eulària des Riu. It is worth noting that the forms of all the place names of municipalities in the Balearic Islands had already been established officially by the Decree 36/1988, of 14 April 1988, of the Balearic Island Government. In the case of Santa Eulària, it envisaged both forms of the name: Santa Eulària des Riu and Santa Eulària del Riu.

128 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Catalan certificates Decree 1/2014, of 10 January 2014, on the evaluation and certification of knowledge of the Catalan language, updates and slightly modifies the regulation that already governed this area. In organic terms, the changes are that the Institute of Balearic Studies is now responsible for certifying examinations, which was previously the remit of the General Directorate for Culture and Youth, and the composition of the Technical Committee for the Evaluation of Catalan Knowledge has changed. In addition, the Order of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Universities of 28 July 2014 was also published, which regulates the approval of Catalan language studies in compulsory secondary and Baccalaureate education with the certificates of Catalan language knowledge from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Universities, and the exemption of the evaluation of Catalan language and literature in compulsory non-university education along with the procedures for obtaining them. The Order gives the authority for approvals to the president of the Institute of Balearic Studies under the same criteria as the previous Order of 2011 on the approval of ESO and Baccalaureate qualifications obtained after the 2013-2014 academic year.

Qualifications The Order of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Universities of 14 April 2014 sets forth the qualifications necessary to give Catalan language lessons in Catalan, specifically for the Balearic Islands, in non-university compulsory education, and establishes a Linguistic and Cultural Education Plan (FOLC). The foreword explains, as grounds for the replacement of the previous regulation, that back in 1996 the transfer of educational competences to the Government of the Balearic Islands was completed, that the basic State regulation has been modified and, finally, that the Institute of Balearic Studies (IEB) has taken on more competences in the Recycling and Linguistic and Cultural Education Plan, so that the teaching and evaluation of the Catalan language is now concentrated in a single body – the IEB itself.

Competences over language policy These are attributed in Decree 15/2014, of 12 December 2014, of the President of the Balearic Islands, modifying Decree 6/2013, of 2 May 2013, of the President of the Balearic Islands, which establishes the competences and basic organic structure of the departments of the Administration of the Autono- mous Community of the Balearic Islands. The Decree restructures the Ministry of Education, Culture and Universities, passing the competences for language policy over to the General Directorate for Education and Culture. More specifically, the competences in question correspond from this point onwards to the Institute of Balearic Studies.

129 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Trilingual education This year, the continuation of the introduction to Balearic Island schools of the so-called trilingual education system (TIL), to which a large part of the Islands’ educational community was opposed to, was hindered for various reasons. Firstly, the Order of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Universities, of 9 May 2014, outlining certain aspects of the integrated treatment of languages in non-university education centres in the Balearic Islands, was challenged by the Assembly of Teachers. The Order envisaged the progressive implementation, over four academic years, starting from 2014/2015, of trilingual teaching in kinder- garten, primary and compulsory secondary education. As a result of this challenge, the Higher Court of Justice of the Balearic Islands suspended the Order as a precautionary measure for the 2014-2015 academic year. This suspension was reaffirmed by the same Court by its dismissal of the appeal lodged by the Balearic Island Government. Secondly, the Resolution of the Director-General of Planning, Innovation and Vocational Train- ing, of 28 July 2014, establishing the measures to be used by public schools in the Balearic Islands which do not have an approved integrated treatment of languages project (TIL), was derogated by another Resolution from the Director-General of Education, Teaching Staff, Universities and Research of 17 October 2014. The suspended Resolution established that those public education centres in the Balearic Islands that did not have an approved «integrated treatment of languages project» in place were required to implement, as a temporary measure, the project model approved by the Ministry; in other words, the project to implement the TIL. This whole conflict is enshrined in the passing last year of Decree 15/2013, of 19 April 2013, regulating the integrated treatment of languages (known as TIL) in non-university education centres in the Balearic Islands, which was overruled this year by the Higher Court of Justice of the Balearic Islands by means of three rulings on 22 September, detailed in the section on jurisdictional action.

Aragon Aragonese cultural heritage / Law 14/2014, of 30 December 2014, on the fiscal and administrative measures of the Autonomous Community of Aragon Article 32 of the abovementioned Law modifies Law 3/1999, of 10 March 1999, on Aragonese cultural heritage in the sense of changing the terms «Catalan» and «Aragonese» for «Aragonese languages with their linguistic forms which are mainly used in the northern and eastern areas of the Autonomous Community.» In other words, it reiterates the same designations as Law 3/2013, of 9 May 2013, on the use, protection and promotion of the languages and linguistic forms inherent to Aragon.

130 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 Shown below is a translation of Article 4 of the Law of Aragonese Cultural Heritage in its original form, followed by how it looks now:

Article 4. Minority languages. Aragonese and Catalan, the minority languages of Aragon, in the sphere of which there are various linguistic forms, represent an intrinsic cultural asset and are especially protected by the Administration.

Article 4. Languages and linguistic forms of Aragon: 1. As well as Spanish, Aragon also has its own original historic Aragonese language with its own linguistic forms which are mainly used in the northern and eastern areas of the Auton- omous Community. 2. The linguistic heritage of Aragonese includes all the tangible and intangible assets of linguistic relevance related to the history and culture of the languages and linguistic forms of Aragon.

Order of 11 November 2014 of the Ministry of Education, Universities, Culture and Sport, regulating the recognition of accreditation of language skills in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in the Autonomous Community of Aragon This Order replaces the one published last year on 22 August 2013. As in the previous Order, this year’s Order includes Catalan among the languages for which equivalences in qualifications and certificates have been established.

131 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingü- ística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques •Annexes Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del cata- là • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüísticaLanguage • Plans Policy educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llenguaReport • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Fo- ment de l’ús Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Optimot Plans educatius d’entorn • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cata là • Cursos • parla.cat Voluntariat per la llengua • Polí- tiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Plans educatius torn • Optimot2014 • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Im- mersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús • Immersió lingüística • Plans educatius d’entorn • Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • Cursos • parla. cat • Voluntariat per la llengua • Polítiques lingüístiques • Entitats • Projecció exterior • Foment de l’ús Immersió lingü- ística • Plans educatius d’entorn Optimot • Foment de l’ús • Cursos • Ús del català • parla.cat • Voluntariat per la llengua annexes

Budget

his chapter includes the expenditure earmarked by the Government of the Generalitat during T2014 for language policy actions in every sphere. The budget that the Catalan Government allocated for 2014 to the General Directorate for Lan- guage Policy, not including the expenses under Chapter 1 (for staffing), was 23,614,520.03 euros. The difference between the budget that was approved and the one that was finally implemented is due to the cost-cutting measures applied by the Government. The following table shows the evolution over the last ten years of the approved and implemented budget of the General Directorate for Language Policy, not including the first chapter or additional contributions.

Evolution of the budget of the year budget increase budget approved from previous implemented General Directorate year for Language Policy 2004 17,515,149 € 19.48 % 17,941,518 €€ 2005 21,715,063 € 23.96 % 22,979,929 €€ 2006 27,030,240 € 24.47 % 31,402,520 €€ 2007 27,841,147 € 2.99 % 29,925,870 €€ 2008 28,397,970 € 2.00 % 30,995,183 €€ 2009 27,731,698 € -2.34 % 28,808,672 €€ 2010 30,711,446 € 10.74 % 31,760,162 €€ 2011 28,262,310 € -7.97 % 27,943,889 €€ 2012 28,398,064 € 0.48 % 23,033,630 €€ 2013 27,648,064 € -2.64 % 23,172,618 €€ 2014 23,614,520 € -14.59 % 22,911,153 €€

133 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Meanwhile, the budgets of the Generalitat ministries allocated to initiatives to promote the use ministry budget of Catalan in their respective spheres amounted to 30,643,586.16 euros. The total amount earmarked by the Generalitat for language policy actions in 2014 came to Culture (DGPL + other units) 54,258,106.19 € 87,317,943.82 euros. Presidency 7,357,765.18 € The Catalan government’s budget for 2014 for increasing the social use of the Catalan language Economy and Knowledge 3,176,318.44 is itemized in the table to the right by Ministries. € Governance and Institutional Relations 23,648.35 € Ministry of Culture. General Directorate for Language Policy Health 60,407.77 € Social Welfare and Family 1,843,977.02 € The budget of the General Directorate for Language Policy includes financing for the Consortium for Education 18,420,834.00 € Language Normalisation and the TERMCAT Consortium. Business and Labour 325,758.88 € Justice 1,369,828.89 € TOTAL 87,317,943.82 € Provision for the operating expenses of the Consortium for Language Normalisation (training, consultancy and promotional activities) 16,016,105.01 €

Provision for the operating expenses of the Consortium of the Terminology Centre TERMCAT 1,177,425.01 €

Provision for the Ramon Llull Institute to cover expenses relating to the Expolangues International Language and Culture Fair and to assist with operating expenses 206,562.06 €

Provision for covering the operating expenses of the Language Department of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans (Institute of Catalan Studies) 633,776.15 €

Provision for the Conselh Generau d’Aran to fulfil the collaboration agreement between the Council and the Catalan Government to implement Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran 60,000.00 €

134 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Subsidies and grants to promote the knowledge and use of the Catalan language It is worth noting that as from 2013, all subsidies, whether from the public purse or from collaboration agreements, will be processed through the Office for the Support of Cultural Initiatives (OSIC).

2014 funding round for subsidies for initiatives intended to promote the use of the Catalan language in Catalonia. Non-profit organizations. 350,000.00 €

2014 funding round for subsidies for enterprise initiatives intended to promote the use of Catalan in Catalonia 200,000.00 €

2014 funding round for subsidies for initiatives intended to increase commercial premieres of feature films dubbed or subtitled in Catalan 1,524,571.07 €

2013-2015 agreement with the Language Platform – Esbarzer Collective to undertake activities aimed at extending the social use of the Catalan language in every sphere and in every Catalan-speaking region. Agreement funded by means of contributions from other departments. Annual budget for 2014: 620,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF PRESIDENCY 119,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS 114,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION 28,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF CULTURE 129,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF WELFARE AND FAMILY 93,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF BUSINESS AND LABOUR 119,000.00 €

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE 18,000.00 €

2014 collaboration agreement with the Coordinator of Film and Video Festivals of Catalonia to increase the presence of Catalan and to disseminate and promote subtitling in Catalan at film and video festivals in Catalonia 100,000.00 €

2014 collaboration agreement with DTS, Distribuïdora de Televisión Digital, SA, to subtitle in Catalan premieres of fiction series on Canal+ 85,000.00 €

2014 collaboration agreement with the Balmes University Foundation to organize the V International Symposium on the Teaching of Catalan 12,000.00 €

2014 collaboration agreement with Raig d’Idees i Propostes Visuals, SL, to subtitle in Catalan the films shown by Texas Cinemas 24,000.00 €

Subsidy for the Occitan-Catalan Brotherhood Centre for the project of activities to foster the use of the Occitan Language in Catalonia 19,500.00 €

Subsidy for Enciclopèdia Catalana, SA, to finance the completion of the Classic Greek-Catalan Dictionary and begin proof-reading 12,000.00 €

Subsidy for the University of Barcelona to finance the exhibition «Opening Doors: the Catalan Language in the University of Barcelona» 8,000.00 €

Subsidy for Ómnium Catalunya Nord to disseminate and promote Catalan courses for adults in North Catalonia in 2014 4,000.00 €

Subsidy for the International Association for the Dissemination of Chess to fund the preparation of various materials for the «Chess for All» project in 2014 12,000.00 €

135 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Contributions from the General Directorate for Language Policy to projects managed by other departments in the Generalitat

Secretariat for Universities and Research for the funding round for INTERLINGUA grants. Assistance in maintaining and updating the self-study facilities for Catalan learning. 60,000.00 €

Secretariat for Universities and Research, for the activities of the Inter-University Catalan Language Training Commission 12,000.00 €

Ramon Muntaner Institute, for activities involved in the research and the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalan-speaking regions 5,000.00 €

Ministry of Culture The Ministry of Culture’s budget includes activities to promote the Institució de les Lletres Catalanes (Institute of Catalan Letters) and and subsidies awarded through the Catalan Institute for Cultural Enterprises (ICEC) to foster artistic and cultural activities. The ICEC budget to support cultural creation, promotion and dissemination includes subsidies for the audiovisual sectors, visual arts, music, the performance arts and publishing. It also includes subsidies for projects that promote the use of Catalan, irrespective of whether it is a requirement that the activity be conducted in Catalan or simply an evaluation criterion for granting the subsidy (27,626,792.32 euros). In relation to the Institució de les Lletres Catalanes given the difficulty in separating the expenditure on support for language from that on support for literature, the figure includes all the grants awarded for literary output and the translation to Catalan of works in other languages, as well as the cost of the «Lletres en viu» (Living Letters) and «Lletres a les aules» (Letters in the Classroom) campaigns aimed at promoting and disseminating Catalan literature (342,980.00 euros). Of the actions managed directly by the Ministry, it is worth mentioning the line of grants organized through the library acquisition system whose objective is to support editorial production in Catalan and Occitan by promoting reading and a greater presence of new publications in the public libraries of Catalonia (1,100,000.00 euros). This also includes the amount that the Ramon Llull Institute earmarks for programmes to foster the Catalan language abroad, mainly in relation to teaching it in the universities that form part of the Network of Catalan Studies Abroad (1,573,813.79 euros).

136 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Presidential Department The budget of the Presidential Department includes activities in its four main spheres of competence: the Secretariat of Communication, the Secretariat for Foreign Affairs, the General Secretariat for Sport and, jointly, the Secretariat of Government and the General Secretariat. With regard to the budget of the Secretariat of Communication, this includes subsidies for projects and initiatives to support the media in Catalan and Aranese and the development and consolidation of the Catalan media space (6,435,453.60 euros). With regard to the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs, it is worth noting its activities with Catalan communities abroad and its financial support for 147 Catalan language courses of different types and levels held in 51 social centres in 22 different countries (93,310.00 euros). The budget of the General Secretariat of Sport amounts to 806,000.00 euros which correspond to the collaboration agreement between the Consell Català de l’Esport (Catalan Sport Council) and the UFEC (Union of Sports Federations of Catalonia) to promote language normalisation in Catalan sports organisations and the sporting pursuits of their members. This also includes the activities of the Catalan Government’s Delegation in Madrid, the Casa de la Generalitat in Perpignan, the Government’s Representative in Alghero and the Catalan sign language interpreting service of the Citizens’ Advice Office in Girona.

Ministry of Economy and Knowledge This budget includes a provision for the Secretariat for Universities and Research of 1,422,848.59 euros for the Ramon Llull Institute to maintain the network of Catalan lectureships and universities worldwide and the organisation of INTERLIGUA grants for Catalan universities for initiatives aimed at promoting and using languages in universities. Of the total amount (611,779.20 euros), the amount earmarked for projects and actions in the sphere of the Catalan Language was 288,737.00 euros. Transfers to Catalan universities within the framework of target-related funding related to improvements in Catalan language skills amounted to a total of 1,225,440.00 euros. The Ministry’s budget also includes subsidies for grants for hearing-impaired students convened by UNIDISCAT 2014, which amounted to 42,936.86 euros.

Ministry of Social Welfare and Family The Ministry of Social Welfare and Family finances the Catalan courses aimed at newcomers, literacy courses and courses held at immigrants’ associations (813,217.00 €). It also includes the actions of the General Directorate of Youth and the General Directorate of Civic and Community Action, especially those activities geared specifically towards teaching and using Catalan (20,257.79 €). It also includes the expenses related to actions associated with Catalan sign language (432,965.00 €).

137 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Ministry of Education The budget for the Ministry of Education includes the amounts earmarked for reception classes for newcomers and the Catalan sign language interpreting service for students in non-compulsory education (481,259.10 euros).

Ministry of Justice In the Ministry of Justice’s budget intended to promote the use of Catalan it is worth mentioning remuneration for personnel assigned to promoting the Catalan language in court offices: support and linguistic advice to judicial bodies (1,243,820.10 euros) and other actions to introduce Catalan into the ordinary operations of the justice system and the organization of language training for people working in the legal profession. This provision also includes expenses deriving from the interpretation of Catalan sign language in Catalan courts (15,040.83 euros). The total amount implemented was 1,369,868.89 euros.

Ministry of Enterprise and Employment The budget of the Ministry of Business and Labour includes the expenses associated with the agreement signed between the Catalan Employment Service (SOC) and the Consortium for Language Normalisation to teach Catalan to unemployed people in 2013 and 2014. The budget for 2014 was 250,410.40 euros.

Ministry of Governance and Institutional Relations The budget of the Ministry of Governance and Institutional Relations includes the expenses related to the translation into Occitan, Aranese in Aran, of the Journal of Institutional Relations. It also includes the expenses relating to specific training in the Catalan language. The total budget of this Ministry was 23,648.35 euros.

Ministry of Health The budget for the Ministry of Health includes the subsidy for the Catalan Federation of the Deaf for interpreting services in their dealings with the health service, the cost of Catalan courses for healthcare professionals and collaboration agreements signed with TERMCAT. The total budget of this Ministry was 60,407.77 euros.

138 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes

Institutional structure

Institutional he ministries of the Generalitat and the organisations and companies that report to them structure T through their various units are responsible for the sector-wide implementation of the Govern- ment’s language policy and for ensuring the organisation and involvement of the social and occupational sectors in their respective spheres of competence. The General Directorate for Language Policy of the Ministry of Culture steers and coordinates the language policy of the Generalitat.

General Directorate for Language Policy The General Directorate for Language Policy is the body responsible for the analysis, management, planning, coordination and implementation of the language policy of the Generalitat, being as- cribed the following functions:

a) Analyse, plan, direct, coordinate and implement the language policy of the Catalan Govern- ment in accordance with current law. b) Oversee the implementation of the language policy established by the Government and coordinate the actions and measures of the different departments. c) Establish the criteria for institutional language use with regard to the official languages in Catalonia. d) Draw up the legislative and regulatory proposals associated with language policy and fostering the Catalan language, and report on the general regulatory projects associated with them and promoted by the departments of the Catalan Government’s Administration. e) Promote the teaching of Catalan to the adult population and convene and organize examinations to obtain Catalan knowledge certificates and examinations for professional qualifications for sworn translators and interpreters from other languages to Catalan and vice-versa, along with the issuance of the corresponding certificates or qualifications. f) Develop policies intended to foster the use of the Catalan language in every sphere of society and the availability of products and services in Catalan. g) Promote, by means of official statistics and surveys, the production of Catalonia’s sociolinguistic map and the analysis of linguistic variables in social studies in other spheres. h) Promote and coordinate initiatives related to language policy and the promotion of the Cat- alan language undertaken by local bodies in Catalonia, where applicable, through the Consor- tium for Language Normalisation.

139 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes i) Promote dialogue, cooperation and coordination with other competent institutions in the field of language policy, especially within the regional context of the Catalan language community. j) Disseminate the language policies implemented in Catalonia on the international stage as a successful benchmark of the protection and development of non-hegemonic languages and the management of linguistic diversity. k) Promote social dialogue in the field of language policy, collaborating where applicable with the Social Council of the Catalan Language, and achieve a consensus in favour of extending the use of Catalan in every sphere of Catalan society. l) Support the work of the Technical Language Policy Commission and coordinate the Techni- cal Language Policy Network to guarantee cross-cutting and interdepartmental action in the Government’s language policy. m) Promote and coordinate, through the TERMCAT Terminology Centre, terminology-related activities associated with the Catalan language, and oversee the dissemination and use of the terminology generated by this Centre. n) Collaborate with the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (Institute of Catalan Studies) in facilitating and promoting the implementation of language regulations. o) Cooperate with the Ramon Llull Institute in its task of promoting and disseminating the Catalan language beyond its linguistic domain. p) Promote the use, dissemination and knowledge of the Occitan language, known as Aranese in Aran, in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 and the Second Additional Provision of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran, and promote foreign relations with regions in the Occitan linguistic domain in the field of language and the cultural output expressed in that language, in collaboration with the General Council of Aran. q) Direct, plan and implement interdepartmental coordination and enact language policy in connection with the dissemination and promotion of Catalan sign language in order to guarantee social participation in its design through the Social Council of Catalan Sign Language, and promote its normalisation through the Institut d'Estudis Catalans; notwithstanding, with regard to the use of the language as a platform for communication, any accessibility regulations established by the competent ministry.

140 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Technical Language Policy Commission On 21 July 2011, the Official Gazette of the Catalan Government published Decree 371/2011, of 19 July 2011, on the cross-cutting organization of language policy. In accordance with this Decree, the Technical Language Policy Commission is the collegiate body responsible for guaranteeing, through the Technical Language Policy Network, the uniform application by all departments of the Generalitat’s Administration of language regulations and any agreements adopted by the Government in this field, and also for agreeing on cooperation mecha- nisms for the implementation of interdepartmental language policies. The Commission may make proposals to the Government with regard to any language policy measures it may deem appropriate.

Technical Language Policy Network La Technical Language Policy Network is intended to provide technical support to the General Di- rectorate for Language Policy and the Technical Language Policy Commission in each of the Min- istries in the Generalitat’s Administration. The Technical Network is part of the General Directorate for Language Policy. The network comprises personnel from the Generalitat's Administration assigned to different departments, autonomous agencies and others that report to the Catalan Government’s Adminis- tration, in the numbers required to fulfil its functions, with a minimum of two people per Ministry.

Toponymy Commission of Catalonia The Toponymy Commission of Catalonia was formally established by Decree 59/2011, of 23 Janu- ary 2011, as the advisory, consultative and proposal body for establishing official place names in Catalonia. It acts as a coordination body between organizations and institutions with competences in toponymy, such as the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, the Conselh Generau d’Aran, the Generalitat's Administration and its independent bodies that deal with place names. It puts forward criteria and writing guidelines for the use of place names on signage, maps, publications and audiovisual media in accordance with the linguistic regulations of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans and the Conselh Gen- erau d’Aran. The proposals of the Toponymy Commission for determining and establishing place names may relate to any of the following areas: urban place names, population centres, administrative divisions, all other place names in Catalonia and the Catalan form of place names in other languages.

141 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Consortium for Language Normalisation The mission of the Consortium for Language Normalisation (CPNL) is to foster the knowledge and use of the Catalan language in every sphere. With this objective, it organises Catalan courses for adults and offers a range of services and resources for companies, organisations, local agencies and individuals to facilitate the use of Catalan. The CPNL is a public organisation with its own legal status; it was created in 1989 by the Gen- eralitat and nineteen town councils. It currently comprises the Generalitat, 95 local councils, 37 county councils and the Provincial Council of Girona. The Provincial Councils of Lleida and Tarrag- ona collaborate with the CPNL through subsidies for Catalan services in their respective regions or through collaboration agreements for specific language reception and other programmes. The CPNL provides a decentralised service through a regional network of twenty-two language normalisation centres. These centres operate independently and are governed by their own boards which are chaired by an individual representing the local corporations in the Consortium. The centres may cover a single municipality, more than one, a whole county or various counties, and are structured as county Catalan services, local Catalan services and Catalan language offices. In total, there are 146 public response centres across the region.

TERMCAT TERMCAT is a consortium comprising the Generalitat, the Institut d'Estudis Catalans and the Con- sortium for Language Normalisation. The TERMCAT Terminology Centre is responsible for coordinating terminology-related activities concerning the Catalan language, for compiling and promoting terminology resources and guaranteeing their availability, and for collaborating in the promotion and development of language engineering products with a particular focus on terminology, with the aim of helping to disseminate and implement scientific and technical terminology in the various specialist language fields.

142 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Ramon Llull Institute The Ramon Llull Institute is a public body that was created for the purpose of promoting Catalan language and literature studies abroad in the fields of academia, literary translation and thought expressed in Catalan, and to promote Catalan cultural output in other fields such as the theatre, film, circus, dance, music, the visual arts, design and architecture. The Ramon Llull Institute is part of the Ramon Llull Foundation along with the Catalan Gov- ernment, the Government of Andorra, Barcelona City Council, Alghero City Council, the General Council of the Eastern Pyrenees, the Network of Valencian Cities and the town councils in the Ra- mon Llull Network of Balearic Municipalities and Organizations. It is based in Andorra. To achieve its ends, it performs the following functions: a) Promoting the teaching of Catalan and the culture through which it is expressed in universities and other higher education centres, as well as encouraging its study and research. b) Promoting the teaching of Catalan outside the university sphere, especially in areas outside the Catalan-speaking domain where the existence of groups of people from the autonomous regions in the consortium or their particular historical, cultural or commercial relations make this desirable. c) Promoting the dissemination abroad of knowledge of literature expressed in the Catalan language by promoting and supporting translations into other languages and carrying out the relevant promotional actions. d) Promoting the dissemination of thinking, essays and research abroad through the encour- agement of and support for translations to other languages, the organization of gatherings, seminars and exchanges, and other promotional actions abroad in the academic, intellectual and scientific spheres. e) Promoting and supporting Catalan societies abroad and their initiatives, projects and actions. f) Promoting the overseas profile of the cultural output of the autonomous regions belonging to the Consortium in every mode, genre and expression by means of promotional strategies and actions abroad. This includes supporting the internationalization of outstanding artistic expression, the foreign travel of artists and works, and the dissemination of the artistic heritage inherent to the autonomous communities in the Consortium. g) Promoting relations, projects and joint initiatives with institutions and organizations that showcase culture within and beyond the linguistic domain.

143 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Social Council for Language The Social Council for the Catalan Language, founded in 1991, is the advisory, consultative and social participation body for language policy, developed and promoted by the Catalan Government. In 2000 the constitutional decree creating this body was modified to adapt to the regulatory framework established by Act 1/1998, and in 2005 it was once again amended by Decree 116/2005, of 14 June 2005, of the Social Council for the Catalan Language, governing the functions, composition, bodies and functionalities currently in place. In accordance with Decree 116/2005, the Social Council for the Catalan Language is tasked with the following functions: a) To evaluate the objectives and outcomes of the Catalan Government’s language policy, especially the annual report envisaged by Article 39.3 of the Language Policy Act. To this end, each year the Council draws up a report on the actions undertaken or instigated by the Government of the Generalitat the previous year. b) To study and analyse, at the behest of the Government, matters concerned with the promotion of the Catalan language in every sphere of society. c) To issue opinions on projects for general language planning instruments to be approved by the Government. d) To propose to the Government the preparation of studies and rulings and the adoption of the appropriate measures in line with the general aims of the Language Policy Act. e) Any other function that may be attributed to it by laws or regulations.

144 – LANGUAGE POLICY REPORT 2014 annexes Social Council on Catalan Sign Language The Social Council on Catalan Sign Language was created in October 2012 in accordance with Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language. It was constituted in 2013. It is the advisory, consultative and social participation body for the language policy developed and promoted by the Gov- ernment of the Generalitat with regard to sign language. It has the following functions: a) To study and analyse, at the behest of the Government, matters relating to the promoting and dissemination of Catalan sign language, bearing in mind the principle of non-sexist use of sign language. b) To advise the Government on the appropriate measures to fulfil the objectives set forth in Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language. c) To evaluate the objectives and outcomes of actions relating to Catalan sign language implemented by the Catalan Government’s Administration.

The Council is chaired by the Minister of Culture and comprises 14 members, of whom seven represent the Catalan Government and seven represent sector organizations, professionals and users of Catalan sign language.

Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC) The IEC is an academic, scientific and cultural institution whose purpose is to conduct high-level scientific research, essentially covering all elements of Catalan culture. The Institute is based in Bar- celona and has offices throughout its geographical area of operation (Perpignan, Castelló de la Plana, Alicante, Lleida, Palma and Valencia). Royal Decree 3118/1976, of 26 November 1976, granted the Institute of Catalan Studies official recognition as an academic, scientific and cultural institution with an operational scope extending to all regions of Catalan language and culture. By means of the Ruling of 17 May 2001, the Official Ga- zette of the Generalitat published the general amendment of the Statutes of the Institute of Catalan Studies. Meanwhile, in accordance with Act 17/2010, of 3 June 2010, on Catalan Sign Language, the IEC is also the academic institution responsible for determining the linguistic standards for Catalan sign language. To perform its functions, the IEC is divided into sections, and the Philology Section fulfils the function of a Catalan language academy as tasked by the Institute. This function involves making a scientific study of the language, establishing linguistic regulations and monitoring the process whereby these regulations are applied in the sphere attributed to it: the regions of Catalan language and culture. The Philology Section is divided internally into six commissions: Lexicography Commis- sion, Onomastic Commission, Grammar Commission, Standard Catalan Commission, Transcription Commission, Transliteration of Proper Names Commission and Publications Commission. The Philology Section has four subsidiary societies: the Catalan Language and Literature Society, the Catalan Classical Studies Society, the Catalan Sociolinguistics Society and the Catalan Terminology Society. annexes Other Conselh Generau d'Aran institutions The Conselh Generau d’Aran (General Council of Aran) is the main government institution for the Val d’Aran. It is made up of the Syndic, the Plenary Council and the Accounts Auditors Commission. It constitutes the administrative structure of Val d’Aran as established by Act 16/1990, of 13 July 1990, under the special system of Val d’Aran. The Conselh Generau enjoys competences over the aspects included in the Act regulating the special system and the other laws passed by Parliament and the powers attributed to it by law. The Occitan language, known as Aranese in Val d’Aran, is the native language of this region and an official language in Catalonia, as established in the Statute of Autonomy of 2006 and Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. The Conselh Generau has full competence over all aspects relating to the promotion and teaching of Aranese and its corresponding culture in accordance with the general standards in force in Catalonia with regard to language and educational policy.

Institute of Aranese Studies Decree 12/2014, of 21 January 2014, granted the Institute of Aranese Studies (IEA) the status of academy and linguistic authority, based on the Linguistics Section of the existing IEA. The aims of the Institute of Aranese Studies with regard to the Occitan language are: a) To establish and update the linguistic standards of the Aranese variant of Occitan and ensure the process of normalisation of this language is consistent throughout its linguistic domain. b) To act as the advisory authority on the Occitan language for public administrations and the bodies that report to them as well as for public and private schools and publicly-owned media, in accordance with Article 4 of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. c) To collaborate, through the activities that pertain to it, in furthering and developing the language, the culture and society in general.

Language Policy Council of Aranese Occitan The Language Policy Council of Aranese Occitan was constituted on 30 May 2012 in accordance with the provisions of Act 35/2010, of 1 October 2010, on Occitan, Aranese in Aran. It is a collegiate body formed by the Catalan Government and the Conselh Generau d’Aran. The purpose of the Council is to promote and monitor the necessary actions to guarantee the funding and coordination of language policies with regard to Occitan Aranese.

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DESIGN: Azcunce / Ventura LEGAL DEPOSIT: B 4180-2013