Historical table First description of Ibiza by Diodorus Caligula or Claudius on the reverse side, and on the obverse the figure of the god Bes . Siculus, taken from Timeus, (approx. 340· The salt and mining industries continued, and 250 B.C.) in SCHULTEN: «Fontes Hispaniae industry and commerce were maintained. Antiquae» 11 · (Barcelona, 1925). Roman Period «Diod ., v, 16 . Having already said sufficient concerning 70 AD. Sardinia, we shall now speak of the islands situated Vespasian grants Roman Law to all Hispanic peoples ; close by. After the aforementioned island is the one Ibiza loses her autonomy, exchanging her confederate called Pitiusa, named thus by virtue of the many pines situation for that of a municipality. growing there. It is in the middle of the sea and is three days and as many nights' distant from the IVth Century Pillars of Hercules ; a day and a night are sufficient to Ibiza and Formentera become part of the Balearic reach Libia, and one day's journey separates it from province created by Theodosius around the Balearic Iberia. Its extension is the same as that of Corfu and it Islands, (Ginnesias in Greek) . Mallorca and Menorca is moderately fertile: there are a few vineyards and oleasters grafted with olive-sprigs. And the wools produced there are of great renown, remarkable for V th to XI th Centuries their softne'ss. It is crossed by pleasant meadows and 425 hills and it has a city named Ebusos, and it is a colony The Vandal Gunderic devastates the Ba learics. of the Cathaginians. It also has ports worthy of Ibiza and Fo rmentera once again depend upon Carthage. mention and great walls as well as a considerable 484 number of admirably built house·s. It is inhabited by Th e Arian Vandal Huneric summons to Carthage the barbarians of all types, principally 'Pho enicians. Th e Catholic bi'shops, and among those who defend the colonization of this island took place more than one Catholic Faith is Opilion, bishop of Ibiza. hundred and seventy years after the founding of 535 Belisarius conquers t he islands for the Byzantine Carthage.» Empire. 693 Historical Names Islam seizes Carthage . The Arab invasions begin . 682-712 The islands of Ibiza and Formentera were known to the Theodoric defeats the Byzantine squadron . Greeks by the names of Pytioussa and Ophious·sa. The This po'ssibly marks the moment when the islands Carthaginian co lonizers gave Ibiza the name of Ibosim, beco me incorporated into Visigothic Spain. Aibusim, or Ebusim, which means Is·land of Bes -an 707 Egyptian god which the Carthaginians adopted- and Abdallah , firstborn son of Muza, conquers Mallorca. on coins the name appeared under the abbreviation IBSM . A period of more than five centuries of assaults and Adaptations of Ibo'sim : chang ing powers begins. Ib erian - Ebeso 798 Greek - Ebysos Probable date of Ch arlemagne's rescue expedition. Latin - Ebusus Th e Caliphate of Cordova, the Emirs of Deni a, the Arab - Yebisah Almoravids, the independent Dynasty of the Aben­ Catalan - Eivissa Ganyas and the Almohades succeed each other in Castilian -Ibiza dominat·ion of the islands, agai nst Arab incursions. Prehistory In the middle of the ninth century 300 of the Emir of With the exception of the Dolmen of Ca Na Costa on Cordova's warships take control of the islands. Formentera (2nd millennium B.C.) , the few remains 859 of this period are vague. Invasion and devastation of the islands by the Normans . Punic Period 901 -902 654 B.C . The islands are finally annexed to Is lam. Th e Carthaginian colonization and founding of Ibiza. 1087 509-348 B.C. A period of independence begins. Carthagi nian commercial and military control of the Western Mediterranean, defined by the treaties of XII th Century Cathage with Gadir (Cádiz), Ebysos, Sardinia and 1108 Sicily. Th e Norwegian Prince Sigur pays an advantageous Carthaginian control of this area forced the Greeks to visit to the island of Formentera. estab lish their colonie's on the northern coast of 1114 Mediterranean Iberia. The combined armadas of Pisa and Aragon under the Ibiza thus acquired strategic and commercial importance, command of the Count of Barcelona , Ramon proof of the latter being the great number of issues Berenguer 111 , with a fleet of 500 ships, 300 of them of its own coinage. Pisan, leave Salou on St John 's day and land on Ib iza Explotation of the salt pans, along with the fishing, between 21 July and 10 August. The three precincts mining, agricultural and ceramic industries, was begun of the Arab wall were take in succession, the city at this time. was destroyed and the fortffications demolished. The Arabs were still in pawer during this period o Neo·Punic Period 146 B.C. The fall of Carthage. XIII th Centry Ibiza made a pact with Rome after the fall of Carthage 1235 and obtained the greate'st degree of autonomy Catalan conquest. allowable under Roman law. Granted as fiefs by Jaime I on Saint Ciriaco's day, Ibiza coinage was issued with the head of Tiberius, August 8, the town and country of Ibiza are conquered 48 by the t roops of Guillermo de Mongrí, Nuño Sans and XVI th Century Pedro, Prince of Portugal. 1518 The five Arab districts - Alhauet, Xarc, Benizamid, Algarb, and Portmany- are reorganized and divided During Carlos I's offensive against Algeria, the troops into the «quartons » Pl a de la Vila, Santa Eulalia or of D. Hugo de Moncada, billeted on Ibiza while the Del Rey , Balanzat. Portmany, and Las Salinas. Th e first boats w ere being repaired, sack the island through was divided into four parts which were added to the lack of payment. rest forming the four fiefs to be divided among The Ibiza coast is frequently laid waste. the conquerors. 1554 Pr ince Felipe co mmissions the Roman enginee r Mongrí was given two districts. Benizamid and Juan Bautista Calvi to construct the walls. Algarb, for having provided twice as many troops as 1555 the others, while Xarc fell to the Prince of Portugal , The same engineer is commissioned to fortify the and Portmany to t he Count of Rosselló (Nuño Sans) . church of Santa Eulalia and the tower of the salt pans (today the tower of Sal Ros a) . Th e island of Formentera was al'so divided into four 1565 «quartons »: Es Cap , Porto Saler, Carnatge , and La Construction of the San Juan bastion o Mola. 1578 On September 15 1235 , one month and seven days Extension of the tower of San Juan and construction after the conquest became known , order was given of the Santa Lucia bastion under the charge of to endow the people of Mallorca with the parish church Jacobo uFratin ... of Santa María de Ibiza . 1242 1584 Th e Portal de las Tablas is put in place . On the death of the Count of Rosselló, 1586 his executors sold his «cuartón» to the king who, in The Dominicans settle in Nuestra Señora de Jesús. turn, sold it to Montgrí; thus all three domains came 1587 under the Archbishopric of Tarragona. The Prince The Dominicans are given permission to build their of Portugal 's uquartón » was also either sold or given monastery within the walls. in exchange to the ki ng and, for this reason , was 1592 given the name «c uartón » Del Rey . 1261 The foundation stone of the present-day church of Santo Domingo is blessed. The people of Ibiza were granted the right to share in the pl'Ofits of the salt industry. 1267 XVII th Century This concession was increased to the people of Ibiza Precarious economic situation, a grave monetary being allowed total benefit from the salt 'industry, the crisis and famine in the countryside 600 people die overlords retaining control and jurisdiction over the pans . of plague in Ibiza and its suburbs. 1286 1662 Ibiza and Formentera are annexed to the kingdom of The Archbishop of Tarragona converts the ~c uartón» Mallorca. chapels into vicarages . 1299 1686 Letter of Exemption as the basis for local law. The Jesuit Brotherhood is formed. By concession of Jaime " the University of Ibiza was 1697 set up as a regularly functioning single organ of The repopulation of Formentera is begun . municipal government for the two islands. XVIII th Century XIV th Century The House of Bourbon is installed in Spain. At the beginning of the century the four original Onofre Rimbau , <chief syndic of the University, pays churches and chapels -óne for each «c uartón»­ homage to the first Hpurbon in the presence of the were constructed : San Jorge, San Antonio, Santa viceroy of Mallorca. Eulalia and San Miguel. 1706 Due to epidemics and periods of famine, the After the capitulation of Catalonia, Aragon, Valencia population of Ibiza falls to about 3000 , ano Mallorca before Charles 111 , Archduke of Austria, while Formentera became uninhabited by the end of an Anglo-Dutch fleet of 28 ships lands on Ibiza . Th e the century. University and the island of Ibiza recognize the 1335 Archduke. Two messengers from the Ibiza dignitaries obtain from 1708 Jaime 11 of Mallorca the right to be protected by a A free school for reading , writing and arithmetic is a corsair who had established himself on the island. set up in the Dominican Monastery. 1343 1715 Pedro el Ceremonioso takes possession of Ibiza Barcelona having been taken in September of the Castle. previous year by French troops aiding Felipe V, Ibiza 1348 swears fidelity to the monarch, the salt pans The Black Pla'gue . becoming royal property through right of conquest.