22;698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 hospital or dorniciliary to use without MEMORIALS By Mr. O'NEILL of Massachusetts: charge parking facilities constructed by the H.R. 18818. A bill for the relief of Cla­ Veterans' Administration at such hospital Under clause 4 of rule X:XII, memorials rinda Duarte Da Silva; to the Committee or domiciliary; to the Committee on Veter­ were presented and referred as follows: on the Judiciary. ans' Affairs. 371. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the By Mr. PEPPER: By Mr. WHITE (for himself, Mr. Legislature of the State of California, rela­ H.R. 18819. A bill for the relief of Clarence FISHER, Mr. VAN DEERLIN, Mr. UDALL, tive to opposition to amendments to the Nuckols; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. WALKER, and Mr. Pittman-Robertson Act other than for pur­ By Mr. REINECKE: KAZEN): poses of effective wildlife restoration; to the H.R. 18820. A bill for the relief of Mesrop H.R. 18807. A bill to establish the U.S .. Sec­ Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ Bogosoglu; to the Committee on the Judi­ tion of the United States-Mexico Commission eries. ciary. for Border Development and Friendship, and 372. Also a memorial of the Legislature By Mr. RODINO: for other purposes; to the Committee on of the State of Louisiana, relative to amend­ H.R. 18821. A bill for the relief of Aron, Foreign Affairs. ments to the social security law; to the Frieda, and Batia Abramovitz; to the Com­ By Mr. GARMATZ (fol" himself, Mr. Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on the Judiciary. MAILLIARD, Mr. CLARK, Mr. PEI.LY, By Mr. SANDMAN: Mr. ASHLEY, Mr. MOSHER, Mr. LEN­ H.R. 18822. A bill f.or the relief of Tova and NON, Mr. MORTON, Mr. DOWNING, Mr. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Arie Edrich; to the Committee on the Judi­ KEITH, Mr. ROGERS of Florida, Mr. ciary. EDWARDS of Alabama, Mr. STUBBLE­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. SCHEUER: FIELD, Mr. REINECKE, and Mr. FAL­ bills and resolutions were introduced H.R. 18823. A bill for the relief of Edith LON): and severally referred as follows: Cohen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 18824. A bill for the relief of Arie and H.R. 18808. A bill to extend the provisions By Mr. ANNUNZIO: of the Commercial Fisheries Research and H .R. 18810. A bill for the relief of Rosaria Tova Edrich; to the Committee on the Judi­ Development Act of 1964; to the Committee Prunotto and Roberto Prunotto; to the Com­ ciary. on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WHALLEY: By Mr. MURPHY of New York (for By Mr. BINGHAM: H.R. 18825. A bill for the relief of Rosa Marigliano; to the C.ommittee on the Judi­ himself, Mr. SCHADEBERG, Mr. ST. H .R. 18811. A bill for the relief of Dr. Gol­ ONGE, Mr. ROTH, Mr. Dow, Mr. DEL­ lamudi Romachander; to the Committee on ciary. LENBACK, Mr. HATHAWAY, Mr. POL­ the Judiciary. LOCK, Mr. JONES of North Carolina, By Mr. BRASCO: PETITIONS, ETC. Mr. RUPPE, Mr. HANNA, Mr. BUTTON, H.R. 18812. A bill for the relief of Stefano Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. LEGGETT, Mr. Garcia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions FUQUA, and Mr. FRIEDEL): By Mr. EDWARDS of C21.lifornia: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H.R. 18809. A bill to extend the provisions H.R. 18813. A bill for the relief of Radovan and referred as follows: of the Commercial Fisheries Research and Spremo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 379. By the SPEAKER:. Petition of the Development Act of 1964; to the Committee H.R. 18814. A bill for the relief of Miss Board of Supervisors, County of Los Angeles, on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Saturnina Toriaga; to the Committee on Calif., relative to gun control legislation; By Mr. FALLON: the Judiciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 1414. Joint resolution granting By Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN: 380. Also, petition of James Kelly, Lans­ the consent of Congress to the States of H.R. 18815. A bill for the relief of Nikolaos ing, Kans., relative to redress of grievances; Maryland and West Virginia and the Com­ Fountas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary. monwealths of Virginia and Pennsylvania and H .R. 18816. A bill for the relief of Vincenza 381. Also, petition of Rabbi Martin Kohn, the District of Columbia, as signatory bodies, Nunziata; to the Committee on the Judi­ Los Angeles, Calif., relative to redress of for certain amendments to the compact ciary. grievances; to the Committee on the Ju­ creating the Potomac Valley Conservancy By Mr. HANLEY: diciary. District and establishing the Interstate Com­ H.R. 18817. A bill for the relief of Erlinda 382. Also, petition of Henry Stoner, Port­ mission on the Potomac River Basin; to the S. Calalang; to the Committee on the Judi­ land, Oreg., relative to constitutional law; Committee on Public Works. ciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS BABE RUTH ESSAY CONTEST sionals and other community leaders who Baltimore's immortal son and baseball enjoy following various sports activities. idol, the Memorial Stadium area, on 33d With Maurice R. Shochatt as the Street in Baltimore, was designated in HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL founder, they formed this nonprofit or­ 1957 as Babe Ruth Plaza through the ef­ OF MARYLAND ganization in 1950 so they could lend a forts of the organization. The Sports IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES helping hand to the sports programs that Boosters were represented at the Memori­ Monday, July 22, 1968 have afforded them many hours of keen al Stadium ceremonies on August 13, enjoyment. That accounts for the Sports 1955, when a plaque extolling Babe Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, in con­ Boosters' various awards; support of Ruth's baseball heroics was unveiled. junction with the acquistion of Babe y;outh sports programs; and espousal of Claire Ruth, his widow, was in attend­ Ruth's birthplace by the city of Balti­ diversified athletic endeavors. ance at the ceremonies. more, the Sport's Boosters of Maryland The Sports Boosters regard sports pro­ It is appropriate to note that Babe conducted an essay contest revolving grams as physical fitness foundation in Ruth's hometown has launched a 50- around the theme of "How Babe Ruth's training and strengthening the youth of State drive to preserve the baseball im­ Booming Bat Brought Fame to America; as well as ideal for the adults, mortal's birthplace, located in a group of Baltimore." whether they are participants or specta­ houses otherwise condemned for demoli­ It was on August 16, 1948, that the tors. Dedicated to the best in sports for tion. "Babe0 passed away, at the age of 53. the youth and adults, the Sports Boosters The Babe was born on February 6, 1895, Three students of the Cardinal Gib­ are truly happy to be able to do some­ in a three-story, red-brick rowhouse at bons High School, now. occupying the site thing in their own way to advance ama­ 216 Emory Street, Baltimore, and of St. Mary's Industrial School, where teur and professional athletic endeavors christened George Herman Ruth. Babe Ruth received his early training, in his area. Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro III, has have been named as recipients of the The officers of the Sports Boosters of announced that a committee he ap­ three awards, Richard Hiel, of 2116 Maryland include Michael Fox, honorary pointed on the Babe's 73d birthday last Drummond Road, Baltimore, 1968 grad­ president; Edward Borow, president winter had designed and minted special uate of Cardinal Gibbons High School, is Sidney Chelew; senior vice president; commemorative bronze coins, which are winner of first prize. Thomas Jeske, of Marvin Mirvis, vice president; Maurice now being made available to fans of all 1303 Walnut Avenue, Baltimore, is win­ R. Shochatt, executive secretary; Jack ages who contribute $1 or more to the ner of second prize, and Edward Krokos, Brahms, treasurer; Hyman P. Tatel­ birthplace restoration fund. of 5305 Highview Avenue, Baltimore, is baum, counsel; Judge Daniel Friedman, A limited quantity of the coins has winner of third prize. chairman of the executive board; and I been minted in sterling silver and these Who are the Sports Boosters? They am vice chairman of the executive board. will be forwarded to persons sending a are Baltimore businessmen and profes- Due to the Sports Boosters' interest in contribution of $100 or more. All con- July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22699 tributions to the Babe Ruth Shrine will showing he could go all the way. Baltimore was like heaven. He was seven ye·ars old be gave him the chance to make it big, and when he started at St. Mary's and stayed tax deductible. once there he remembered the town that had there until he was e·l:ghteen. This is where Funds raised by the mayor's commit­ helped him along, each tremendous l;llast he received his education and first broke tee, headed by Charles P. McCormick, from his powerful bat sounded a thank you into baseball. Baltimore civic leader, and Jack Dunn to the town that had made is possible. He began playing baseball with the other Ill, vice president, Baltimore Orioles, will boys at St. Mary's. Then he got his chance be used to convert the small brick home (By Thomas Jeske) to break into organized baseball with the and the three connecting houses into a What is the definition of a booming bat? Baltimore Orioles,· an International League national shrine and museum in the It is like a golden arm in football. When team. Ruth was an apostle to the game of applied to baseball, the term would describe baseball. He had a personality that caught Babe's honor. the imagination of the fans and that helped The coins, the size of a silver dollar, a bat with a lot of power contained in it. The power is not supplied by the bat it­ to popularize the game of baseball. He did can be obtained by writing to: Batter's self, but the man standing behind it. There­ many things for baseball such as helping to Box, Baltimore, Md. 21203. fore if a bat is great, the man standing be­ restore its name after the Chicago Black Sox The Equitable Trust Co., Baltimore, hind it is great. incident. One of his many titles was "Sultan will process each request and its com­ If a man is great his birthplace would in of the 'Swat". Yankee Stadium was jokingly puter services will speed delivery of the some way be brought into prominence. For called "The House That Ruth Built." example, George Washington brought Vir­ Babe Ruth became an American hero. He coins to the donors, the mayor said. wa.s idolized by children as well as grow-ups. On the obverse of the coin, designed by ginia fame. If you were to ask a man, or woman, who was the greatest player behind Statistics alone can not describe his impact Bob Grams, Baltimore cartoonist, is a a booming bat, the answer would most likely on baseball. His personality wa.s admired by drawing of the Babe in his famous swing­ be Babe Ruth, the Sultan of Swat. There­ everyone. It was a saintly characteristic. He ing stance and two of his many career fore the greatness of Babe Ruth as a hitter would never get mad. Babe would act just records-714 lifetime home runs and a and player should bring fame to his birth­ the same if he had struck out or hit a home .342 career batting average. place, Baltimore. run. To Babe the ball was a moving target . On the reverse side of the commemo­ What makes the Babe so great? He was When b,e would hit,a homerun the ball sailed a high-powered dynamo. He still has the like it was shot out of a canon. This was the rative coin, is a sketch of Ruth's birth­ type of man Babe Ruth was. place and the adjoining homes which power, years after his death, of exciting the imagination with his elegant walk, his Ruth loved children. He would visit them will comprise the museum. homely grin, his pigeon-toed s,tance, and in hospitals and bring them presents of Mayor D' Alesandro has announced autographed baseballs. For.some children just above all, his feats. to see- him was thrill enough. An incident that the names of all contributors will His feats were as the stars, many in num­ become a part of the permanent records that took place showed that he cared. During ber. The record books say that of all of the batting practice Ruth hit a stray ground ball at the Babe Ruth Shrine. records the Babe broke, 56 of them still that hit a little boy's dog, which ran onto Since it is expected that contributions stand. The most memorable of them are 60 the field. The boy starteSoviet Union were made possible by tionary concept of the "priesthood of all the barbarism to civilization." In this process a. drastic revision of their respective legal faithful", that really made a significant con­ Law has played a pre-eminent role. systems. One of the first acts of the new born tribution to this concept. Another idea which What is Law? And why and how does it American nation was the drafting of a con­ grew rapidly at the time of the American and come to have such a close and vital relation­ stitution. I have no doubt that America's French revolutions was the thought that all ship with human evolution and progress? greatness ls in no small measure due to the men are equal in the service of God then why The great Cicero answered this question ap­ excellence of its constitution which has not not in the affairs of state? propriately in the first century before Christ only been a source of great inspiration to all A beginning had been made in the field of when he said: "Law was the right reason in its people but has also served as a stabillsing International Law, before the Christian era, accord with nature" adding that "Nature has factor keeping the enormous federation to­ by the non-European countries like India, inclined us to love men and this is the foun­ gether. In India too, one of the first acts of Egypt and China. The ancient Indians, as dation of Law." In other words, what he was the nation after independence was to set pointed out in 1920 by my father in his saying was that man is by nature not only a about drafting a constitution. This demo­ book "International Law and Customs in rational but also a gregarious animal. St. cratic constitution came into effect on Janu­ Ancient India", had a definite knowledge oif Thomas Acquinas later reiterated this by ary 26, 1950, under which India held her · the rules of International Law according to declaring man to be a "Social animal who is fourth general election-the largest the world which they regulated their interstatal rela­ irresistibly drawn towards living in a group. has ever seen, based on adult franchise, in­ tion and international conduct both in war Life in a group, however, is not possible volving 250 million voters. · and peace. Among the historical documents unless each of its members adapt themselves Our examination of history also reveals · available, Kautilya's "ARTHASHASTRA" is to each other and curb their predatory in­ the slow upward evolution of law on the basis the most important and well-known evi­ stincts. Each group, not very long after it of the contributions, some small some large, dence in this regard. comes into being, develops a code of conduct made by the various earlier civilisations. In Egypt, the discovery and the interpre­ Which by general acceptance becomes binding Primitive law, as I pointed out earlier, was tation of Tel-el-Amarna and Boghazkoy in­ and constitutes its "Law". This is a result of harsh and arbitrary. Not only were the scriptions are the positive evidence of the experience of its members as to what is punishments inflicted inhumane and out of Egypt's knowledge and practice in Inter­ and what is not conducive to harmonious all proportion to the crime committed but national Law. In China, equally conclusive living within the group. To many of us, so the ruler or chief had unlimited powers of evidences are available, in particular, in used to associating law with legislation, it life and death over his subjects, and as did inter-statal reationships and protection of ls simply the legislature that makes law and a householder over members of his family. diplomatic agencies. Thus the Orient made the executive that enforces it. But, however, Besides, primitive laws tended to be un­ substantial contributions to the develop­ when one analizes Law in its wider sense it equal-being biased in favour of men as ment of International Law which never was embraces custom as well. against women, children, and slaves in the the monopoly of the Western civilisation The genesis of Law is in the rational and tribe. These laws were also openly oppressive alone. social nature of man. Its growth and evolu­ tending towards controlling every aspect of a In ancient Europe the Greeks and the Ro­ tion is fashioned by the experience and man's life and activity. However, with the mans made, through their distinctive civil­ genius of the group upon which it is bind­ passage of time the harsher aspects of primi­ isation, valuable and lasting contribution in ing. Will Durant, in his monumental work tive law gave way to more progressive con­ the development of International Law. In "The Story of Civilisation" perceives four cepts. One of the earliest influences was that the middle ages when Europe was ruled by main stages in the evolution of Law. In the of Lord Buddha. Buddha in the 6th century Canon Law, the feeling grew that it was first stage human relations within the group B.C. introduced the concept of compassion possible for all nations to live under one are based primarily on the principle of re­ towards all living beings and deeply in­ law. However, With the coming of therefor­ taliation or personal revenge, which Cicero fluenced contemporary thought in India and mation and the subsequent birth of the na­ described as the "Lex Tallonis". It was the the neighbouring countries of Asia. Thus, tion state this hopeful trend was sharply "eye for an eye" doctrine. As the heavy and the laws of Emperor Ashoka in 273-232 B.C. arrested. sordid cost of this practice became clear in were indeed unique in that age for their Hugo Grotious in the 17th century had to July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22701 make an impassioned appeal for Interna­ place anarchy by order, arrogance by under­ the challenges posed by this age, he might tional Law as the basis for a sane world standing and aggression by cooperation in bring about total destruction Of himself and order, and he came to be known therefore the international community. the edifice he has built. Being an optimist as the father of International Law in the The basic minimum in an international myself, and having a great faith in human west. Opposing the Machiavellian doctrine code of conduct for a sane world order is ability to rise to the occasion, I feel confident that States cannot be perserved unless they enshrined in the U.N. Charter. This was that mankind will accept the challenge and are absolved from obeying the moral code further strengthened by the principles of succeed in making the dream a reality. There laid upon their citizens, Grotious declared Panch Shila adopted by the newly independ­ will no doubt be difficulties. We will slip and that States must respect both natural law ent countries who met in 1954. In essence, fall, but we will rise and carry on as we have and Jusgentium defined natural laws as "the the five principles of Panch Shila laid down done before till we reach the stage where peo­ dictate of right reason showing the moral that States can and must co-eXist peacefully, ples of the world will love and respect one turpitude, or the moral necessity of any act and co-operate with each other for indi­ another; where instead of confrontation from its agreement or disagreement with vidual, mutual and general benefit. there will be co-operation; where the strong a rational nature." By Jusgentium he meant As war is the clim·ax of international in­ and rich will help the poor and the weak; the accumulation of rules and restraints tolerance and opportunism, so 1s peace the and where, enlightened universalism will re­ customarily accepted by the most developed outcome of proper understanding and coop­ place narrow nationalism and the only pre­ nations in their mutual contacts. He dis­ eration among nations. We must achieve eminent authority will be International Law. tinguished between just wars-(fought in international accord by cooperating in solv­ defence against an aggressor) and unjust ing problems of economic, social, cultural, wars (fought for conquest and plunder). He and humanitarian character by promoting laid down further that wars must be de­ and encouraging respect for the human TRIBUTE TO CARL SANDBURG clared before being waged, that non-com­ rights of all, without regard for race, sex, batants must be saved, and that though language or religrJ.on. prisoners may be enslaved they should not The discovery of atomic energy has radi­ HON. HORACE R. KORNEGAY be killed. Many of the ideas Grotious pro­ cally changed the international milieu. The pounded is common practice to-day. The nuclear age, coupled with revolution in mass OF NORTH CAROLIN A U.N. symbolises his dream of International media, has brought the territorially divided IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peace and order. The International Court world technologically together. The inter­ Monday, July 22, 1968 at the Hague is a very distinct and impor­ dependence of the world is inescapable. This tant step forward in the field of Interna­ technological imperative of international Mr. KORNEGAY. Mr. Speaker, today 1s tional Law marking the beginning of the coopera tion is both a challenge and an op­ the first anniversary of the death of voluntary surrender of national sovereignty portunity. Whereas the inhabitants of some Carl Sandburg who, for so many years, to an international judicial tribunal. The areas of the world today live in the most lived and wrote in North carolina. jurisdiction of the Court is completely vol­ magnificent luxury, others live in unimagin­ untary. The fact that sovereign States may able poverty and distress. Mankind today has During the past year, Mrs. Sandburg not be too many, have been bringing their the technological knowledge and the means visited my hometown of Greensboro, N.C., ~isputes to it and abiding by its decision, to make poverty, hunger and disease a thing and participated in events arranged by is indeed very significant and very hopeful. of the past; to provide to all its members a the Greensboro Chamber of Commerce. History reveals much progress in the field full and dignified life; and to make this the The Greensboro Chamber, which sPon­ of domestic and international law, but there most glorious age in all of history. It is a sors a program of work which is con­ is a long way to go. In some countries of tragic irony that today the world is spending spicuously people oriented, has often the world liberty and equality are still a dis­ over 600 million dollars a day on arms and reached for Sandburg themes to help tell tant dream, and laws are harsh and arbitrary. defence, when for just about 10 million dol­ South Africa and Southern Rhodesia are two lars a day, the whole of the underdeveloped its story. of the most glaring examples of inequality, world could be ra.ised to a full and dignified The death of the North Carolina poet lack of freedom, and injustice. In numerous life within a decade. There cannot be a truly last year was not only Greensboro's loss, other countries, in varying measure, discrimi­ world half rich and half poor. Existence of a or Flat Rock's, or North Carolina's. So nation is practised on grounds of colour, race, slum in a prosperous community, if not it seemed to the Greensboro Chamber, religion, and fundamental freedoms are taken care of and remedted in time, is bound when it began to organize an appropriate denied. In the international field, the con­ to spread and infect the very prosperity of memorial tribute to Sandburg, that a cept of national sovereignty is still a great the community and turn it into an extended meaningful tribute should have a na­ stumbling block. Big power ambitions, slum. Similarly the world cannot subsist in rivalries, political manipulations and m111- peace for long, if one part remains enslaved tional setting. tant forces are all elements which endan­ in poverty while the other enjoys prosperity The chamber commissioned a musical ger world peace. Selfishness is more apparent in isolation. work by North Carolina composer, M. than cooperation in international relations. Of course, the prime responsib1Mty for im­ Thomas Cousins, Greenboro's comPoser­ We, as responsible and modern citizens of provement through hard work and self-help, in-residence in memory of Sandburg, and the world, have to strive our utmost to elimi­ lies with the developing countries them­ Mr. Cousins spent some time with Mrs. nate these vestiges of darkness and these selves. There is concrete evidence that this Sandburg at Greensboro and Flat Rock obstacles to progress. determination exists. For instance, India in while he was working on the composi­ Denials of fundamental rights and dis­ the past two decades has almost doubled the tion, "Skald of Flat Rock." crimination in all its forms, wherever they agricultural production; created 80 mill1on eXist, are a blot on our civilisation. We have jobs; put 45 million children in schools; The Northern Virginia Music Center to strive, by all means at our disposal, to added 20 years to the life of an average sent a concert, including the Cousins' stamp them out. In the international field Indian; more than trebled installed electrical sent a concern, including the Cousins' we must eradicate wars and usher in inter­ power capacity; increased industrial output work, as its contribution to the Sand­ national justice and cooperation. Harold by at least 150 per cent; and broken into the burg event which the chamber was or­ Stassen once said, "A single squadron of nuclear age by installing three atomic react­ ganizing-and the chamber's plans to­ modern bombers in one flight can pack a ors and undertaking the building o! three night will materialize on the Mall in destructive power greater than all the bombs atomic power stations. In twenty years, India front of the Smithsonian Institution's carried by all the airplanes in all of their has risen from one of the most economically filghts on both sides in World War II." That backward countries to the seventh most in­ Natural History Building, when the was said some time ago. To-day this could dustrialized na.tion in the world. She is one Greensboro Chamber of Commerce and very likely be said of one single plane rather o! the top eight in the field of atomic energy. the Smithsonian Institution jointly pre­ than of a whole squadron. Nuclear war in the Eighty per cent of all the expenditure in­ sent the first national memorial tribute modern day amounts to suicide. Man, for the curred on this enormous development pro­ to the beloved Poet of "The People, Yes." sake of his self-preservation, submits him­ gramme and almost the entire manpower has Carl Sandburg was a constituent of self to the laws that make society possible. been contributed by India itself. India's food my colleague, Hon. RoY TAYLOR, of North Bo also has it become absolutely necessary production has risen from 55 m. tons in 1947 for the nations of the world to subject them­ to 100 m. tons in 1968. However, the capital Carolina, but millions of Americans were selves to a code of conduct which makes life equipment and the foreign exchange to buy Mr. Sandburg's constituents. As a poet, in the international community workable. A the equipment came from abroad and this is Sandburg was a legislator in many re­ certain curtailment of national sovereignty where assistance from the industrially ad­ spects-and his poems will be read and is inescapable, since the choice ts between vanced nations like your great country, understood by Americans for generations a curtailment of sovereignty or world chaos played a very important role. to come. and destruction, the former ts a small price Scientific development and technology has The words to Mr. Cousins' comPosi­ to pay for the latter. The concept of commu­ broken down the barriers and limitations of nity has grown from a narrow tribal basis to past ages and opened the doors for Man's life tion, "Skald of Flat Rock," tell some­ that of the nation state. It has become neces­ in world community. How man adjusts hlm­ thing of Mr. Sandburg's important sary that we endure to live peacefully in self to the new situation will determine the spokesmanship for the people and his larger and larger units. There ts no stopping crucial issues of war and peace and even that effect as an articulate observer of our short of a world community. We have to re- of his very survival. If he fails to respond to country's indus·trlal growth. The name of 22702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 the work suggests Sandburg's Scandina­ Mr. Kirk urges respect for direct au­ A MISSISSIPPI FARMER SQUAWKS vian heritage as a troubadour and poet thority early in life and makes an excel­ and recalls his longtime residence at lent case for the performance of this Flat Rock, N.C. As the words of "Skald in our public ,schools. HON. RAY J. MADDEN of Flat Rock," written by H. A. Sieber, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ OF INDIANA of Greensboro, put it: sent that this editorial be inserted in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Who is now the PR man for the poor?" Extensions of Remarks. Monday, July 22, 1968 There being no objection, the article The tribute to Carl Sandburg follows: Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I noticed SKALD OF FLAT ROCK was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, in the whip announcement that the 1967 (NoTE.-A memorial Tribute to Carl Sand­ as follows: extension of the Agriculture Act of 1965 burg on the first anniversary of his death.) MAN'S NEED FOR AUTHORITY-DISCIPLINE is programed for the floor of the House The poet is a Hungry Man ESSENTIAL TO EDUCATION debate this week. I do hope that all the For the morsel Hunger hungers for. (By Russell Kirk) Members be alerted that if this legisla­ Do not tell me the poet's duty It has required a series of assas~inations to tion is acted on favorably it will mean Is to describe the beautiful. wake many people to perpetual need for an approximately $3Y2-billion dole which His task, first and last, is to put the finger legitimate authority. Now, all of a sudden, will go mostly to corporation farmers and on we hear all sorts of voices raised in defense What is not beautiful, what beautiful of order and authority, and against the decay large landholders through the Nation. Can be, and if, on the sly, of discipline-including the v·oices of some This legislation does more than merely Between words, the poet can also tell folk who, until a few weeks ago, uttered the protect the large farmers, it actually en­ A secret or deny a moment's existence shallow platitudes of the ritualistic liberal. courages their greed. To that which thrives on Hunger, We all must live by authority-the author­ In an article in Harpers magazine re­ He should not miss the chance. ity of religion, of Constitution, of great cently Mr. John Fischer pointed out the The poet is an Angry Man humane literature, of wise teachers, of the following: At the insult Anger angers at. tolerable civil social order. We need to be Do not tell me the poet's task taught respect for true authority early in When you offer a bribe for every acre taken Is to warble amid the groans. life. If we do not control ourselves by refer­ out of cultivation, the men with the most His task, first and last, is to sing ence to moral authority, somebody else will acres naturally get the most money-in many Not at all but to groan much louder control our lives through the harsh authority cases hundreds of thousands of dollars ever~ Than humanity in its manhood of pain. of physical force: The alternative to the year. Typically they have used their loot in And if the groan sounds like a song "inner check," or moral authority, is not two ways: ( 1) To buy more land from their It is only because it is an anarchic freedom, but rather the police smaller neighbors; and (2) to invest in So hard to tell the difference. state. tractors, cotton-pickers, fertilizer, weed­ White-maned goathered, alive upon ar- Yet until yesterday, so to speak, many of killer, six-row cultivators, and all the other rival- us Americans were ashamed of the very idea devices of modern technology. The wind fingering his 11 ttle boy shock of authority and tried to pretend it didn't exist. Perhaps an. early symptom of this illu­ The larger the farm, the bigger the Of white-sang a deep song: operation with modern equipment, and "People, you're gonna make it ... sion occurred when we stopped using the On your own." gooct old word "schoolmaster" and began the farmer can take more acres out of employing the gentler "teacher." We pre­ production and thus get a larger annual Skald of Flat Rock­ tended that there weren't any masters, or payoff check from the taxpayer. Yes-man for the People any need for such; we were all little chums This reduction policy spirals at the In their no-man's land­ together. Once talked with God But a real teacher has to be a master, or expense of the small farmer-the man Among the guitars, goats, and Paula else nothing is taught. An idealistic young this program enacted 3 years ago is sup­ On his Connemara hill, lady I have met, named Ann, was graduated posed to help. The small farmer is the Whispered across a valley where the echoes from college last year and took a post teach­ one who eventually suffers. Without Waited for sh outs to give them voice, ing in a Brooklyn grade school, suffused with large Government subsidies sufficient to Whispered, "You will not die," notions of improving the culturally deprived modernize his farm, he simply cannot And died. through gentle persuasion. Soon she found compete. Who now the ballyhooer of the People? herself physically assaulted by her little charges, virtually every day, for the school This bonanza program which the Who the PR man for the People? House Agriculture Committee will en­ Who now, on little cat's feet, comes and was run on approved permissive ll:µes. She goes among the syllables of song and became almost one great bruise-and such deavor to sell our Members this year has grief, was the din that she could not get through forced over three-quarters of a million Proprietor of Flat Rock's softer sounds? a single day's lesson. farmers off the land and they in turn Anger and Hunger seek their Viking trou- After some months of this, despairing of have moved into the urban areas to seek bador. most of her pupils, she invited those really employment. No Shakespeare, he-and Shakespeare was interested in learning something to take In last Thursday's CONGRESSIONAL No Sandburg, aiee. seats in the front rows. Of 25 students, only eight responded. And those eight still RECORD-page 22191-I inserted a list For him, the People now unpetal daisies on couldn't hear what Ann was saying, such was of 25 large farm operations, five of whom a loves-me-loves-me-not. t;he anarchy at their back. Ann now is trans­ received over a million dollars annually Anger and Hunger seek their Viking trou­ ferring to a parochial school, where the prin-· and the others ranged annually from badour. ciple of authority is not wholly forgotten, and $838,000 down to $442,000. The sum where she may be a schoolmistress, rather total expenditure in the year 1967 $22,- rather than a badly bruised girl teacher. 766,943. The total payment for this wel­ MAN'S NEED FOR AUTHORITY A male schoolteacher-who would like to be a school master-tells me of his Long fare program that year ran over $3 Island public school, still immersed in fog­ billion. HON. STROM THURMOND giest progressive doctrine, where teachers are On Saturday, June 29, 1968, the Chi­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA instructed to be pals, not shepherds-and cago Tribune had an interesting editorial where the teacher's desk is at the side of the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES entitled "A Farmer Squawks." I include room, rather than at t he front, that the little this editorial about a wealthy Mississippi Monday, July 22, 1968 ones may not mistake the pal-teacher for a cotton and soybean grower which wicked auth,ority-figure. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the Yet ch ildren have a natural yearning to should be of interest to all Members of July 18, 1968, edition of the State news­ know authority, and in the long run are bet­ the House, in my remarks: paper, Columbia, S.C., c•arries an excel­ ter pleased (and of course better schooled) A FARMER SQUAWKS lent article by Mr. Russell Kirk entitled, by a disciplinaria r_ than by a smirking adult Roy Flowers, a wealthy Mississippi delta "Man's Need for Authority." "chum." To accomplish anyt hing in most cotton and soybean grower, says the govern­ In this perceptive article Mr. Kirk public schools, we will find it necessary to ment is forcing him to quit farming. A fed­ points out that it has required a series rest ore the teach er's power to admonish chil­ eral judge ordered Flowers to pay $50,000 in of a.ssassinations to awake the US. pub­ dren forcibly, and the prin cipal's power to back wages to more than 200 Negro tenants lic to the continuing need for legitimate administer formal corporal pu nishment, in the nation's first wage recovery for farm when required. workers under the new fair labor standards authority. He cites the authority of re­ otherwise the small bellion sits in the act. ligion, of the Constitution, of great hu­ seat of the mighty, to t h e detriment of all The labor department, which said Flowers mane literature, of wise teachers, and pupils. If the teacher cannot be a master, t h e makes more than one million dollars a year of civil social order. young imp will be a tyrant. from his various plantation enterprises, filed July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22703

suit against him after investigating his oper­ offices in my district on the fallowing THURSDAY, AUGUST 29 ations. The suit charged Flowers with failing schedule, and will also be available as 8 a.m., Blandinsville. to pay minimum wages to his field hands; indicated in the district offices: 9 a.m., Good Hope. hiring workers under 16; overcharging ten­ 10 a.m., Prairie City. TUESDAY, AUGUST 1'3 ants for rent, coal, and wood, and charging 11 a.m., Bushnell. laborers for the sacks used to pick his cotton. 9 a.m., Rochester. Noon, Macomb. According to the suit, the tenants were 10 a.m., Pawnee. 2 p.m.,· Colchester. charged $70 a month for houses without in­ 11 a.m., Divernon. 3 p.m., Plymouth. side plumbing and water, but with holes in Noon, Auburn. 4 p.m., Augusta. ceilings and walls, when a "reasonable cost" 1 p.m., Loami. 5 p.m., Industry. would have been $5 a month. 2 p.m., Chatham. 6 p.m., Rushville. Flowers paid the $50,000 in back wages in 5 p.m., Riverton. order "to get it out of court," and announced 6 p.m., Buffalo. FRIDAY, AUGUST 30 that after the current crop is harvested he 7 p.m., Illiopolis. 9 a.m., Perry. 10 a.m., Griggsville. intends to rent out his 16,000 acres of farm­ WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14 land. "I'm doing this just not to have any 2 p.m., Roodhouse. more business with the government," he said. 8 a.m., Williamsville. 3 p.m., White Hall. If Flowers had decided earlier not to have 9 a.m., Room 205, Post Office Building, 4 p.m., Carrollton. any business with the government, the tax­ Springfield. 6 p.m., Greenfield. payers, as well as his tenants, might have 3 p.m., New Berlin. been better off. The department of agricul­ 4 p.m., Alexander. ture lists Flowers as having received $210,332 5 p.m., Waverly. in government subsidies for not planting 6 p.m., Franklin. MEMPHIS HAS ACTION PROGRAM crops, presumably cotton, last year. In 1966 7 p.m., Jacksonville. he accepted $162,647 in federal cash. THURSDAY, AUGUST 15 Flowers may not be typical of plantation 9 a.m., Chapin. HON. DAN KUYKENDALL owners in the way he treats his hired help. 10 a.m., Arenzville. OF TENNESSEE But he is typical of a lot of big farmers and 11 a.m., Meredosia. others who don't mind doing business with Noon, Bluffs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the government as long as it pays them huge 1 p.m., Winchester. Monday, July 22, 1968 sums at taxpayers' expense, but then squawk 3 p.m., Alsey. their heads off about "government interfer­ 4 p.m., Manchester. Mr. KUYKENDALL. Mr. Speaker, ence" when they get socked by a law they 5 p.m., Murrayville. while many communities sit around and don't like. 6 p.m., Woodson. complain about lack of housing for the FRIDAY, AUGUST 16 poor, the people of the city of Memphis MOBILE OFFICE TOUR OF DISTRICT Noon, Elsah. have taken action to do something 1 p.m., Grafton. about it. 3 p.m., Fieldon. Our project, HOME-Home owner­ HON. PAUL FINDLEY 4 p.m., Jerseyville. ship-Memphis Enterprise-was orga­ OF ILLINOIS MONDAY, AUGUST 19 nized in December to help families of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9 a.m., Brussels. limited income to become homeowners. Monday, July 22, 1968 10 a.m., Bachtown. Now, 6 months later, we have FHA ap­ 11 a.m., Hardin. proval on 44 applications for new homes Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the laws Noon, Kampsville. enacted by the Congress and the actions with that many more in the pipeline. 1 p.m., Hamburg. I enthusiastically commend to other of the other branches of the Federal 2 p.m., Pleasant Hill. Government touch very intimately the 3 p.m., Nebo. communities Memphis project HOME. day-by-day living of people in west­ 4 p.m., Pearl. The following editorial from the Mem­ central Illinois, and lead frequently to 5 p.m., Milton. phis Commercial Appeal gives some of vexing personal problems. 6 p.m., Pittsfield. the reaction to the efforts of Memphis During the 8 years I have had the TUESDAY, AUGUST 20 businessmen and community leaders to privilege to serve as Representative in 9 a.m., Barry. act instead of talk on helping the poor: Congress, I have endeavored to be help­ 10 a.m., New Canton. RELEVANCE IN HOUSING ful when my constituents have encoun­ 11 a.m., Rockport. Memphis isn't just talking about helping Noon, Kinderhook. the poor. It's developing one of the most tered such problems, whether they in­ 1 p.m., Hull. volved Federal programs for villages or relevant approaches to the problem con­ 2 p.m., Plainville. ceived in recent years. The thrilling aspect farms, or something much more person­ 3 p.m., Payson. is that (1) it can mean the dignity of home al-like pensions, social security, military 4 p.m., Liberty.· ownership for families at or near the poverty service emergencies. 6 p.m., Room 400, WCU Building, Quincy. level, and (2) can create a partnership be­ In fact, I consider this part of my work WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 21 tween government and private enterprise. as Representative to be just as important 9 a.m., Lima. Carter McFarland, assistant commissioner as legislative duties. With this official 10 a.m., Ursa. for programs in the Federal Housing Admin­ responsibility in mind, I maintain a full 11 a.m., Mendon. istration, came to Memphis Wednesday to time district office in room 205, Post Of­ heap praise on HOME (Housing Opportunity­ Noon, Loraine. Memphis Enterprise). HOME started as an fice Building, Springfield, and a part­ 1 p.m., Golden. effort by the private business sector in Mem­ time office in room 400, WCU Building, 2 p.m., Camp Point. phis to provide low-cost home ownership for Quincy. 3 p.m., Clayton. the poor, in the price range near $12,000. Providing assistance by mail or tele­ 4 p.m., Timewell. "What you're doing is impressive. It em­ phone, or through the district offices is 5 p.m., Mt. Sterling. bodies what we're trying to do," said the not always adequate, however. Sometimes 6 p.m., Versailles. FHA executive. "It's very inspiring." face-to-face discussion is essential. In THURSDAY, AUGUST 2 2 What inspires Mr. McFarland is that Mem­ order to make this possible with maxi­ phis has in operation a model private enter­ 8 a.m., Beardstown. prise agency designed to carry out the exact mum convenience to my constituents, I 9 a.m., Virginia. purposes of a low-price home ownership pro­ regularly drive my "mobile office" to post 11 a.m., Chandlerville. vision in the housing bill recently passed by offices throughout the district--fallowing Noon, Ashland. Congress. ·Appropriations have not yet been a schedule announced in advance. 1 p.m., Pleasant Plains. made, but Mr. Farland seems confident that This procedure has an important ad­ WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28 Congress will ante up most of the 75 million vantage beyond that of service on per­ dollars authorized for the first year. "I have 9 a.m., Bowen. the strong impression that Congress is re­ sonal or community problems: It pro­ 10 a.m., West Point. ceptive to these things, despite the war and vides my constituents a way to give me 11 a.m., Carthage. budget and balance of payments troubles,'' their views on pending legislation. This 1 p.m., Warsaw. he told Memphians. has special importance this year because 2 p.m., Hamilton. If the money does become available, Mem­ the legislative workload will keep the 3 p .m., Nauvoo. phis has t:µe ripe opportunity to be the first, Congress in session after Labor Day. 4 p.tn., Niota. or among the first, to participate with the During the August recess of the Con­ 5 p.m., Dallas City. FHA in a program that would subsidize part gress, I will drive my mobile office to post 6 p.m., LaHarpe. of the interest payments on a 40-year mart- 22704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 gage (all but 1 per cent in extreme cases). STATEMENT BY GOV. NELSON A. crises. And this is no longer rational or Mr. McFarland would not make such a prom­ ROCKEFELLER tolerable. ise, but his praise for HOME left little doubt Within the national government-and par­ that he would be receptive to recommend­ ticularly within the Executive Office of the ing a partnership with FHA when funds are HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE President-there must be profoundly new approaches and new mechanisms. These must granted. OF PENNSYLVANIA He also was liberal in criticism of his own do three things: agency. "For 30 years," he said, "FHA has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ( 1) They must discern and meet national been the federal government's partner with Monday, July 22, 1968 needs before these grow to crisis-size. private enterprise. The FHA of the '30s be­ (2) They must use all the devices of mod­ came highly irrelevant in the '50s. The task Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, we have ern technology and modern administration now is to revitalize FHA-to make the Old seen over the past several years an al­ in the full and fast assembling of all per­ Lady relevant to today, to operate on the most endless procession of witnesses be­ tinent information for the President, as he frontiers of mortgage lending. Housing needs fore the Congress who have testified on shapes answers to these needs. today center on the inner city and the poor. (3) They must integrate all programs of We want to be innovative, responsive, to ac­ the manner in which Federal programs government action finally set in motion to cept and generate new ideas." are too often duplicated in other agen­ resolve these problems. What was so interesting was that Mr. cies. They are duplicated because too All this is imperative to help close one of McFarland came to Memphis "to learn" how often there is little coordination of these the greatest gaps in our national Ufe---the some of these new ideas can be put into Federal programs. gap between political promise and political practice. It is, after all, the practical side Governor Rockefeller has made what performance. which must concern FHA as it enters a new seems to me to be a thoughtful proposal II era. For these reasons, I am proposing today Also interesting are the names of a few that merits our consideration. He pro­ poses the establishment of the new Office the creation of an Office of Executive Man­ of those who attended the HOME meeting: agement within the Executive Office of the Allen Morgan, president of First National of Executive Management under the of­ 0 President. The essential mission of this Of­ Bank; Alvin Wunderlich, president of Na­ fice of the Presidency. It seems to me fice would be to serve the President directly tional Trust Life; LeRoy Montgomery, presi­ that there is a great deal of wisdom in in formulating, coordinating, and executing dent of the Memphis Real Estate Board; this proposal. all domestic programs. Charlie McCrory, president of the Home I hope that all of my colleagues will This Office would operate on the same level Builders Association; Lewis Donelson of the as the Bureau of the Budget and the Na­ City Council; Jerrold Moore, chief adminis­ read very carefully this brief statement concerning Mr. Rockefeller's very rea­ tional Security Council. trative assistant to Mayor Henry Loeb; Ben So vast and complex are the challenges to Harrison, president of Union Planters Na­ sonable idea. modern government today that the absence tional Bank; A. W. Willis, legislator and The statement follows: of such an Office of Executive Management president of Mutual Federal Savings and STATEMENT BY Gov. NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER ls almost incredible. And it is an absence Loan Association; Mr. R. Q. Venson, a com­ The future life of our Republic-and the that explains much of the disorder and the missioner of the Memphis Housing Author­ disarray of Federal programs, the popular ity; J. L. Boren Jr. of Mid-South Title Co., working of our whole Federal system of gov­ ernment-critically depend on a Presidential resentment of their cost and confusion, and and others equally involved in the life of this their often dismal failure to achieve their community. leadership that is dedicated in principle and effective in practice. purposes. This involvement, and the enthusiasm of The size of national government and the HOME to expand its low-price housing to I have spoken in recent days of certain and essential qualities of this leadership. range of its activities are equally staggering. reach the poor, plus the chance for FHA to The President today directs a complex of "provide the grease," as Carter McFarland It must have the courage to make firm de­ cisions and tough choices. It must act with 2.8 million employees-a work-force that has said, can put Memphis in the forefront of grown by almost 20 % in only the last six cities which are doing something about keen sense of this history of these times of headlong revolutionary change. And it must years. And this total exceeds by more than urban problems instead of merely talking 20 % the sum of all persons employed in the about them. excite and enlist a sense of unity in the na­ tion, based on trust in its purposes and its automobile and steel and telephone indus­ word. tries combined. We have not, over recent years, seen such By official reckoning, the huge number is CAPTIVE NA TIONS WEEK popular trust or such national unity. dispersed among 12 Departments, 31 Inde­ Yet there is another dimension to the pendent Offices and Establishments, and problem. The Presidency means not only a nine offices and bureaus in the Executive man: it means an institution-the Execu­ Office. And these scattered authorities are HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN responsible for hundreds of major domestic OF PENNSYLVANIA tive Branch of our government. And this Branch is precisely named: it is meant to programs. In the area of federal grants alone, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES execute---translating purposes into programs there are more than 400 confusing and often Wednesday, July 17, 1968 and programs into action. confilcting programs. We all know that the Presidency today Without effective leadership and direc­ Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Mr. must meet a range of challenges on two great tion, all such Federal activity cannot mount Speaker, once a year, we Americans join fronts: those in the world at large and those a serious attack on our great national prob­ in observing a Captive Nations Week. It lems. It can only carry on a kind of sporadic at home in the nation. On the foreign front, guerrilla-warfare against them. is a rather brief, but sobering, time to there exists the National Security Council In the biting words of the Riot Commis­ remember the millions of fellow men to serve th,e President in planning and in sion Report, after surveying all Federal ac­ who live without the benefits of indi­ execution-although, as I shall outline in a tions to meet the needs of our cities: vidual freedom that we in this land later statement, there is much more to be "The Federal Government has not yet been enjoy. done here, both in anticipating and con­ able to join talent, funds and programs for fronting foreign crises. On the domestic concentrated impact in the field. Few agen­ On this 10th commemoration, we can front, there exists no such office to assure see the glimmer of hope grow brighter cies are able to put together a comprehensive coherent planning and effective execution. package of related programs to meet priority for individuals and individualism as We cannot risk a national leadership needs. There is a clear and compelling re­ again a Communist regime in Czecho­ that-even with high intention-fails to ex­ quirement for better coordination of fed­ slovakia shows signs of weakening, and ecute, fails to follow through, and fails to erally funded programs." as the internal politics in Eastern Europe reach the people and to serve the nation. It is to meet this urgent requirement that begin to be less affected by Sovietization I know no lesson more deeply impressed on I stress the importance of a new Office of me by more than 20 years of my own ex­ Executive Management. Its key responsib111- and more concerned with national inter­ perience in government at both the national is ties would include: ests. This certainly the case in Ru­ and state level.. For ten of these years, I (a) To anticipate national needs on a mania. To some extent, the same is true have served as the Chief Executive of a great broad front and prepare programs to deal in Poland. State. And all of these years have taught with them; The heritage of freedom is sacred. The me this law of the democratic process: to (b} To play a continuing role in domestic right of nations and of nationals to be conceive great programs is not enough. They policy planning within the White House; free, to govern themselves freely, should must be intelligently and efficiently ex­ (c) To exercise general oversight to as­ be unquestioned. I pray that the force of ecuted. sure the most efficient management of Fed­ We are not today respecting this law of eral programs; totalitarianism is dying in Eastern Eu­ democratic action at the national level. We (d) To focus these programs more sharply rope, and that the people in each of the are living from crisis to crisis and from prob­ by simplifying or combining the essential captive nations will be free to rule them­ lem to problem--coping as we can. This eliminating the non-essential; and ' selves and to determine their own pattern of passive response-not acting but ( e) To help introduce into government destinies. reacting-only breeds more problems, more the most qualified personnel, efficient tech- July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22705 nology, and modern techniques of manage­ When we all get it, it also says something his letter very effectively reflects the ment. pretty shocking about the way the highest views of many American citizens. Sooner All this ls vital to the supreme political court in the land conducts its business. task before us: making free government Things have come to a unique state in or later suggestions along the lines of work. this Republic, unheard of before, when a those made by Mr. Hunter will have to Under our political system, this can hap­ Circuit Judge must juggle his sentence be adopted. pen only if the Executive Branch and the around the obvious prejudices and weird The letter follows: Executive Ofilce of the President themselves decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court--and McLEAN, VA., work-with full efficiency and full effect. say so, openly. July 12, 1968. This kind of execution is the decisive test Recently, the chief justice of the great The PRESIDENT, of the Presidential leadership that our people state of Pennsylvania, in an unprecedented The White House, demand and deserve. speech before the bar association, roundly Washington, D.C. condemned the U.S. Supreme Court's de­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: My family and friends structive and oddball rulings on criminal tell me I am beating my head against a stone cases. Never before have things been so bad wall and only opening old wounds by con­ THE SUPREME COURT GAP that a distinguished state supreme court tinuing to write to you about the Vietnam judge has publicly attacked the U.S. Su­ war. Undoubtedly, they are right, but a~ a preme Court in this fashion. very concerned citizen, I feel I must con­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL Recently, the Illinois Bar association, in tinue to write. On March 31st of this year, you called for OF ILLINOIS another murder case, after exhaustive in­ vestigation, publicly charged that in order a cessation of bombing in North Vietnam. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to set that conviction aside and that man Since then we have suffered more than twice Monday, July 22, 1968 free, the court has completely "mistaken" as many casualties as we suffered ever before the physical facts of the case. Such an ac­ in any comparable period. Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the Su­ tion by a bar association, accusing the Su­ Would you please tell the American People preme Court is very much in the news preme Court of a fatal error in its statements why this sacrifice is necessary? these days and especially so in view of of "fact" and overturning a murder case You should have learned long ago that the hearings before the Senate Judiciary on the basis of a false "fact," is unprece­ Pentagon civilians cannot, or will not, win Committee on the President's most re­ dented. Things have never gotten that bad the war yet steadfastly you refuse to turn before. the job over to our Generals and Admirals cent nominations for alleged vacancies But the real clincher is the record. There who are trained specifically for the purpose on the Court. I say "alleged vacancies" is something violently prejudiced and de­ of leading our men to victory and not down since it seems that some constitutional finitely haywire when the supreme court the blind alley of defeat. lawyers and other experts have some cannot find a single, solitary example of a Why don't you let those who are best doubt as to whether or not there is a murder trial in the whole United States qualified to lead, lead? vacancy to fill. where a man has been sentenced to die in I was taught (and I still believe) that any­ In any event, it is the quality of Su­ the last several years that they regard as a one giving aid and comfort to the enemy is "fair trial." guilty of treason. We know the penalty for preme Court decisions and their impact Not one "fair trial" in all our courts in treason. on our national life that is of most con­ all these years? Please tell me why any Country supplying cern and in that regard I include an edi­ All of our courts are unjust and incom- the North Vietnamese with aid and materials torial from the Peoria Journal Star, July petent? which are used to kill our men should not 19, 1968, in the RECORD at this point: Except one? be considered our enemy? How can we-without being guilty of trea­ THE SUPREME COURT GAP Or is there something wrong with that one? son-continue to give aid, praise and mate­ (By C. L. Dancey) The "crony system" of appointments, and rial to those Countries who openly are sup­ the Washington philosophy that pervades plying aid and material to the North Viet­ It is refreshing to see a judge deal, sensi­ the "judicial" and "para-judicial" bodies bly, with the facts of life (instead of empty namese? forms) as Judge Leland Simken, did recently that "We are the law!" (instead of servants Why do we (you) continue trying to get at Lincoln. of the law) has seriously corrupted the high­ agreements and commitments from an en­ est court in the land, it seems. It also graphically illustrates the word­ emy who has shown over and over again maze full of its double-think and double­ This is most deadly serious, when we realize that he is without honor or integrity and talk that confronts juries and judges these that the most astute, and most quoted anci­ who admits that he will recognize only such days as a result of court practices and ent auditor of the American system, Alexis agreements and commitment if it is to his changes which "re-interpret" the meaning of de Tocqueville, more than a century ago advantage so to do? pointed out that the President may err, and words. Why must we always be on the defensive? This is that wonder-world of law in Which the Congress may err, without "great mis­ Why don't we act instead of react? "life imprisonment" really means about 13 chief in the State" because the- errors are Are you playing the game of political in­ years or less, and "the death penalty" as a audited and correctable. "But if the Su­ trigue? If you are, the "altar of political in­ practical matter is more likely to mean five preme Court is ever composed of imprudent trigue" which you have built is now or six years imprisonment. men or bad citizens," he wrote, "the Union drenched in the blood of our brave Ameri­ Faced with this widening gap between the may be plunged into anarchy." can soldiers who are forced to fight a war words and the deeds, Judge Simken ignored It was the flaw, or potential flaw, he saw that we (you) won't let them win. a jury's recommendation of the death pen­ in a system that otherwise seemed remark­ There is only one way to fight a war and alty, ignored "life imprisonment", and sen­ able to him. that is to use all conventional means avail­ tenced a convicted killer to "from 70 to 90 And the elements of anarchy ARE with us. able to destroy the enemy wherever we find years" imprisonment. And the Supreme Court's "imprudent" him and this must include the destruction That kind of wording, even after all the decisions surely seem to have made major of every sanctuary used by him. trick formulas have been applied, provides contributions toward that situation. Please tell me why we must continue to that the killer will remain in jail about 23 fight your impossible "limited war" with years under present gimmicks, at any rate. "limited objectives"? Is there also to be a Taking notice of the Supreme Court's ac­ limit on the number of brave Americans to tion in damning juries made up only of citi­ A LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT be sacrificed? zens who indicate they are not prejudiced As one, of thousands of bereaved parents, against the very law they are swearing to up­ who has lost a son in Vietnam and one who, hold, the judge made it clear that he by­ HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL each day, becomes more convinced that the passed the death penalty because he figured OF VIRGINIA loss served absolutely no sane purpose and that otherwise the Supreme Court would like­ was completely without meaning, I ask that ly turn the killer loose, in time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you answer the questions propounded in He probably took notice also of the simple Monday, July 22, 1968 this letter. Maybe, then I wm have a clearer fact that regardless of the circumstances, insight into why our brave men are fight­ wherever the death penalty is involved, the Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. ing and dying (with one hand tied behind U.S. Supreme Court has found some pretext Speaker, I should like to call to the their backs) for nebulous "limited objec­ to over-rule that action-usually by turning attention of my colleagues a ·1etter tives". the convicted man free. They have tound a I have received from a close personal I am convinced that many of our prob­ variety of reasons, and some have been very friend, Mr. William James D. Hun­ lems here at home are due entirely to the far-fetched, indeed, and they have not found fact that they too are fought in a limited one case tried "fairly" for years if the death ter, 6323 Kellog Drive, McLean, Va., way with only "limited objectives". When penalty was involved. who lost a son in the war in Vietnam. problems arise, we (you) fail a.gain to act, That suggests something pretty clearly­ This letter was addressed to the Presi­ we (you) only react (i.e. appoint a commit­ and obviously Judge Simken has gotten the dent and is one of many communications tee to study and report back--sometlme­ message. of this type which he has written. I think maybe never). We do not enforce the laws 22706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968

we now have (a strict enforcement of which ple hopping on a superjet that will whisk that a train making a profit is really losing would cure most of the evils now tearing our them to the coast in four hours instead of money. Country apart). We (you) only ask for new the three-day trip required by train. And, if they want to, and it's suggested by laws which most likely will not be enforced Or you'll see them traveling by car over some that they do, railroad top brass can either. tax-supported interstate highways-the man juggle the figures under the present formula A strict enforcement of law and order in of the house knows there's nothing quite as to discourage any further improvements in this Country is of first importance if we are economical and as mobile as a car. their passenger equipment or service. to survive as a Democratic Nation. You can­ CHEAPER, FASTER Anthony Haswell, executive director of the not fight crime by advising the criminal National Association of Railroad Passengers, that you really don't want to hurt him just Whatever the former train passenger rides who petitioned to have the ICC's passenger as you cannot fight a war by telling the today, it's bound to be something that costs report re-opened, said "The few railroads enemy that you really don't want to hurt him. less or is faster than a train. No more bustling that still want intercity passengers have been Sincerely, at the train station where redcaps and taxi­ doing a reasonably good job; but the grow­ WILLIAM JAMES D. HUNTER. cab drivers used to be able to make a de­ ing number of companies who have decided cent living. to get out of the business have progressively Now it's to the airport-the overcrowded downgraded service and done nothing to in­ airport subsidized by the government. crease revenues." While commuter train service is also drop­ THE DECLINE OF PASSENGER ping off in some area.s and in other areas FAULT DIVIDED TRAINS increa.sing, the main concern these days is It's not all the fault of the railroads, how­ with the interc:l.ty passenger train-the one ever. yiou used to take to go see Raymond and The most recent blow to the passenger HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER Ethel in St. Louis or Denver or New York. train has been the discontinuance of the rail­ OF Il.LINOIS In July of 1967 there were 725 intercity way post office cars. In recent years the Post IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passenger trains operating in the United Office has been gradually diverting the trans­ States. Between July 1 and December, 75 portation of mail from passenger trains to Monday, July 22, 1968 o.f tbem were discontinued, 44 by Interstate air and highway carriers. Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, over Commerce C'Ommission action, 23 by state The mail car, RPO for short, has already 10 commissions and eight by unilateral action gone to its grave and dozens of trains with it. the last years the question of pas­ by the railroad. "No matter how popular a train is for passen­ senger train service has become the sub­ In January of this year there were 108 gers," said the Burlington's general passen­ ject of much discussion both within Con­ more petitions filed by railroads to take off ger traffic manager W. F. Burke in the Chi­ gress and without. Passenger trains have trains. If these are granted, only 542 long­ cago Tribune Magazine, "you need head-end been disappearing. distance trains will be left. (mail or express) revenue to keep it going." Congress amended the Interstate Com­ Only 38 railroads, out of a total of about "It's clear that transporting of mail in the merce Act in 1958 to make it possible for 760, both large and small lines, still operate same trains as passengers often has an ad­ passenger service. Only half of the class I verse effect upon the attractiveness of pas­ the Interstate Commerce Commission to roads, which accounted for 99 percent of the senger service," says Haswell, explaining that consider discontinuance cases where in­ entire industry's line-haul traffic, still have schedules must often be tailored to meet terstate trains were concerned. pass·enger service. postal requirements. Although public patronage of passen­ FREIGHT DOMINATES But he added that it still "wasn't right that ger trains has declined greatly, there is Congress and the Post Office unfairly favor Of the class I roads, only 20 passenger train other modes of transportation. a feeling in many quarters-certainly in cars were purchased in 1967, the lowest num­ communities losing such service-that Could it be that the Post Office is not ber in 10 years. On the other hand, the same killing the trains, but that the railroads are it should be continued regardless of eco­ roads bought or rebuilt 99,000 freight cars repelling the mails? A total of 1,730 trains nomic factors in the public interest. and 1,100 diesel electric locomotives. were discontinued after the railroads had re­ There are those who blame the railroads The 20 cars that were purchased were for use on suburban service, not intercity traf­ quested to be relieved of their obligation to entirely for decline in passenger service, carry the mail (1953-1966), while 798 dis­ and there are those who blame Govern­ fic. Total passenger cars dropped from 20,105 continued after the Post Office removed the ment. in 1957 to an estimated 10,000 in 1967. mails. In keeping with the downward trend on FOUR MAil. TRAINS I was happy to see a series of articles equipment, pa.sSenger train miles struck a in the Champaign News-Gazette, writ­ low of 15,100,000 compared with 25,884,000 in The Illinois Central Railroad now only has ten by Don Heimburger, which seemed to 1957. two RPO cars operating between Chicago and me to cover the subject well and in an The Intel'state Commerce Commission, Carbondale. B. J. Screws, manager of man for uncommonly objective manner. I rec­ which has authority to grant discontinuance the road, is just about out of a job, with only of trains in the majority of cases, said in a four trains out of 24 on the entire line carry­ ommend them to the Members and to report on passenger trains in 1958 that "For ing mail. the public. more than a century, the railroad passenger "The RPO revenues were what kept some of The text of the articles follows : ooa.ch has occupied an interesting and use­ our trains operating at marginal economic [From the Champaign (Ill.) News-Gazette, ful place in American life, but at the present levels. Their loss turns some train balance June 20, 1968] time the inescapable fact-and certainly to sheets from a pale pink to a deep red," said many people an unpleasant one-seems to be Screws following the Post Office announce­ CHEAPER AND FASTER SERVICES SPELL DOOM ment. FOR CRACK PASSENGER TRAINS that in a decade or so this time-honored ve­ hicle may take its place in the transportation Subsidizing of airports and highways and (EDITOR'S NOTE .-This is the first in a museums al<;>ng with th.e stage and the steam unduly heavy taxes on the railroads' build­ series of articles probing into the present 1oCOill!oti ve. '' ings and property have added heat to the fire condition of intercity passenger train service, and forced lines to be extremely budget con- its decline through the years and what the [From the Champaign (Ill.) News-Gazette, scious. · future holds for passenger service.) June 25, 1968] Anything that doesn't make money, comes (By Don Heimburger) Loss OF MAIL SERVICE CUTS p ASSEN GER TRAIN off. Who rides passenger trains anymore? RECEIPTS The Association of American Railroads, You won't find many down at the train (EDITOR'S NoTE.-This is the second in ·a with headquarters in Washington, for sev­ station tonight waiting for the 7:35 to pull series of articles dealing with the decline of eral years has been "fighting" the govern­ in. The station agent finds it's pretty lone­ the intercity passenger train. This article ment's "unfair" treatment toward railroads some on the job, except for an occasional fast deals with some of the ca uses behind the which they say makes it difficult to compete freight that roars through. decline.) with other forms of transportation. When a passenger train does arrive, you'll (By Don Heimburger) "Support the Magna Carta for transporta­ find a couple of men in dark suits getting off, There are many reasons why passenger tion," read the gold and black sticker issued an elderly woman, one family includng three trains have been pulled off in recent years. by the association. "Equal treatment by Gov­ children and a high school girl who came to ernment for all carriers Including The Rail­ When profits decline on a given train it roads ..." visit her grandmother for the weekend. often follows in this age of money-minded­ And sometimes no one gets off. ness the train will also come off. "Railroad passenger service is in serious There has been some controversy over how [From the Champaign (Ill.) News-Gazette, danger of extinction, and not just the milk losses are computed. July 1, 1968] runs and locals," said Anthony Haswell, for­ The Interstate Commerce Commission RAILROAD "SHOWCASE," THE DEPOT, OFTEN mer Illinois Central employe and now Chica­ formula for computing train revenue losses POORLY KEPT PLACE go lawyer and executive director of the Na­ has come under criticism from many sources. (EDITOR'S NOTE.-This is the third in a tional Association of Railroad Passengers. Using the outdated formula say railroad pas­ series of articles dealing with the decline of Instead of taking a train, you'll find peo- senger advocates, a railroad can actually show the intercity passenger train. This article July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22707 deals with what passengers expect when they in use in some European nations, it would railroad is a public utility-a common car­ travel and how other forms of transportation oost too much for the aver~ family. rier-and passenger service is useful and compare with trains.) COACHES OUTDATED valuable to the public." (By Don Heimburger) As passengers went to other forms of Justice Frankfurter once noted that, "Un­ transportation, the passenger coaches them­ like a department store or a grocery, a rail­ People like pleasant surroundings , when road cannot of its own free will discontinue they travel. selves started to become outdated, their They expect, in this age of leisure and mechanica.l devices for heating, air condi­ a particular service to the public because an item of its business has become unprofit­ luxury, to travel in style, even if they are tioning and brake systems became too ex­ only second or third class passengers. pensive to maintain and repair. able." Most train stations are located down­ As the profits dipped, the railroads cut "The obllga tion to provide passenger back on their outlays for pMSenger equip­ service exists so long as the amount of avoid­ town-in the middle of the business district able loss is not excessive in proportion to or the slum areas. They are "hangouts" for ment, thus doubling the effect. Not only did people not ride trains, they now would not the usefulness of the service,'' Haswell said. the bums, the shiftless, the mugger. A distinct advantage of passenger trains Besides that, railroad stations are usually ride them because of their old-fashioned equipment. is that they can move la.J"ge numbers of peo­ poorly lighted, not often patrolled by police ple, 200 or more, economically, comfortably and just "feel" dirty. The psychological ad­ Peter Lyon, a professional magazine and faster than a bus and much cheaper than vantages of clean stations are significant. writer and author of "To Hell in a Day by plane. The number of cars can easily be Passengers will avoid these places when­ Coach," says "Freight, since it is usually adjusted to the number of passengers. ever they can. They must be shown that the inanimate and invariably inarticulate, cannot There are, apparently, c~rtain advantages transportation system they are riding on is complain about delays, stupidities, incon­ of keeping the passenger train alive. Even well-kept and maintained, kept clean, bright veniences, impudence of petty officials, dis­ the President has made it clear that inter­ and shiny Railroad trains and stations are comforts and shabbinesses of railroad cars, city trains have a place in the "Great So­ not clean, bright or shiny. filth, squalor of public facilities, breakdowns, ciety." Stations do have one big feature, how­ derailments, wrecks-in short, the ordinary, When he signed the rapid rail transporta­ ever, which saves them from complete dis­ day-to-day routine of the railroads." tion bill at the White House in 1965 he said, dain. "The same science and technology which AmPORT TRAFFIC [From the Champaign (Ill.) News-Gazette, July 6, 1968 J gave us our airplanes and our space probes, Highway traffic jams around O'Hare and I believe, could also give us better and faster other airports are legendary," says Frank E. BIGGEST PASSENGER SERVICE PROBLEM Is COST and more economical transportation on the Shaffer, vice president of Kalmbach Publish­ OF LABOR ground. And a lot of us need it more on the ing Co., a firm that prints a railroad maga­ (EDITOR'S NOTE.-This is the fourth in a ground than we need it orbiting the earth." zine. series of articles dealing with the decline of The problem, then, is getting better rail "So much has been written about the great the passenger train. This article deals with service. boom in air travel that the average Ameri­ the problem of labor and management in can surely imagines airports as the last word passenger service. It also deals with the rail­ [From the Ohampaign (Ill.) News-Gazette, in transportation efficiency and the ultimate road's obligations to provide service.) July 10, 1968] in handling people," he said. (By Don Heimburger) HOPE HIGH-SPEED TRAINS WILL BOOST REVENUE Shaffer, who compared O'Hare with New Labor and wages are two big words in the IN WELL-POPULATED AREAS York's Penn Station, reported that the two passenger train industry. (EDITOR'S NOTE.-This is the fifth in a series railroads at the station handle 62.2 million Some railroads are able to make profit of six articles dealing with the decline of passengers a year on 82 acr·es of real estate. even though they, too, are pressured by ris­ the intercity passenger train. This article The station, he said, all nine acres of it, was ing costs. deals with the Northeast Corridor Project-­ 99 per cent underground. The Illinois Central is one road that has a super train in the United States.) Comparing Penn and Grand Central Sta­ recently upgraded its equipment and even tions and the three major airports, Shaffer (By Don Heimburger) added six new domeliners to passenger train Between New York and Washington the found they occupied 124 acres and accommo­ consists. dated 105 million passengers a year whereas present right-of-way of the Pennsylvania, "Th.is reflects our belief that the future in now Penn Central Railroad, has been up­ the airports needed 7,800 acres to handle 30 carrying passengers is giving the public serv­ million a year. graded to permit 110-mile-per-hour opera­ ice it will use," says Paul H. Reistrup, vice tions. "In addition," said Shaffer, "relatively little president, passenger service, in a Time Mag­ real estate is wasted by rail terminals. High­ By 1970, trains are expected to move 150 rise office buildings are located alongside azine ad. miles per hour over the Mne. The biggest expense in providing passenger The entire project, called the Northeast them." service still, however is labor. "Apples and oranges can't be compared, Corridor project, consists of 455 miles of Many basic work rules set in 1919 that in­ trackage from Washington to Boston on the of course, but no matter how you add up crease costs have never been changed. the fruit, railroads look mighty tasty," Pennsylvania and the New Haven. It's esti­ Shaffei: said. CREWS MIIJEAGE mated that one out of every five people in the CREW VARIANCE For engine crews to earn a days pay, men United States lives in this part of the coun­ Jets can now carry 165 to 225 persons and must travel 100 miles or less or five hours try. newer ones as many as 500. A regular train or less. With faster trains that go farther The project, costing several billion dollars, Olf 10 coaches carries 500 persons, but re­ in a day, the 100 mile or five hour limits are ts a joint venture of the Department of quires a crew of around 25-30 while the jet outdated and unnecessarily low. Transportation and the two railroads. requires only a crew of 10. In some cases crews must be changed at For the Boston-New York run the United division points short of the basic day of 100 Aircraft Oorp. is leasing two of its Turbo More advanced planes that can carry more Trains to the federal government. The trains people need the same size crew, while the or 150 miles, but still the day's wage must be paid. are powered by gas turbine engines like those train must add more conductors, porters, used in jet-prop planes. brakemen and coaches as the passengers Labor unions have been reluctant to let increase. firemen go. "Firemen were necessary during BUY 50 CARS Any railroad executive will report that the steam era to shovel coal," said Haswell, Fifty Metroliner cars, each equipped with wages are one of the xnajor expenditures. "but now that railroads are dieselized, labor motors, for use over electrified trackage be­ Crews on trains, because of law, must be organizations claim that firemen are still tween Washington and New York, are being changed rather often. needed for safety reasons--to serve as a bought from the Budd Oompany. When a train with a capacity of 400 per­ 'lookout' for signals and other trains." Mostly the roadbed must be improved to sons leaves a station with only 100 aboard, While the unions cry the passenger train take the increased speed of the trains which each being charged on the average of $20, dilemma is the fault of management, man­ are expected to make the run in about 2 you get only $2,000 out of a possible $8,000. agement cries it's the fault of the unions, hours instead of the 3¥2 hours it now takes. The plane has drawn away the other 300 employes say it's management's fault and Railroad experts say, however, that this persons and the railroads have been stuck management turns around and finally sticks type of project is only feasible in densely with the loss. the blame on the public. populated areas. Meals, just like on jets, will The public, in case after case, shows up Interstate highways that allow ca.rs speeds be served to first class passengers and maybe for public hearings to complain about the even movies will be shown. of 70 miles an hour and that offer direct discontinuance of the afternoon "Spooial" routes to major cities have dealt a powerful Engineers on the first test runs said they blow to the passenger train. Once the family through their city of 500, while not a soul had to keep the whistles blowing almost con­ has arrived at their destination, they still has ridden the train in years. · tinously because the train moved so fast "But railroads have an obligation to pro­ have the car to travel in. You rent a Hertz between the grade crossings. car, often beyond the means of most, if you vide trains for the public,'' they scream. Frank McFadden, mechanical superintend­ a.rrive by train. PEOPLE HA VE RIGHT ent of the Western region of the Norfolk & Some have suggested that trains could "People, as well as coal and cattle have Western Railway in Decatur, who supervises carry automobiles on flat cars right along a right," says Haswell, "to good railroad all the technical jobs in his district, said the with the railroad coaches. While the idea ts transportation and at a reasonable rate. A oorrtdor pr.ojeot is running into some trouble. 22708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968

MEE'l' DELAYS of the passenger side of the coin. Money for sports fans in San Diego, thanks to our "I've heard that they are running in to passenger advertising was shifted on the topflight major league team, the San some difficulties with the turbine drive en­ budget sheet. Freight was the money-maker and that's Diego Toros. gines," he said. "This is delaying the railroads This afternoon, the Toros will stage a from putting them into service on the line." where the promotion money went. "But, like other things, with enough time And the train image suffered. "You want "salute to Armed Forces" game in San and money they will be worked out," he said. to go to work for a railroad when you grad­ Diego where thousands of servicemen In the San Francisco Bay area, residents are uate from college?" said the surprised un­ will be honored guests for this nationally getting a fast, reliable commuter service with dergraduate to another. "Don't you know televised game. 80-mile-an-hour trains over a 75-mile route. that railroads are going downhill?" I would like to take this opportunity to The fully automated system, which in­ So goes the public's image of railroads commend the Toros for honoring our be­ cludes air conditioning, is expected to oper­ and it's mainly due to their poor public image. Are they doing anything about it? loved and dedicated men and women in ate trains as often as every 90 seconds and uniform. move 100,000 people an hour. Not really. Most of them don't care since The billion-dollar line is expected to be a their income is in freight, not passengers. model for other metropolitan areas now ex­ FEW WHO CARE periencing crowded freeways. Chicago is also It seems the only encouraging signs are THE UNITED STATES-RUMANIAN adding and rebuilding much of its commuter from a few, mighty few, railroads who "care." AGREEMENT ON AMERICAN AID trackage in the city and the suburbs. Paul H. Reistrup, vice president of the FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A NU­ The new commuter systems can be a model, newly-created passenger services department CLEAR POWERPLANT like the Northeast Corridor project is, for the of the IC, said in the IC Magazine. "Last intercity passenger service. Only the willtng­ year saw many improvements in our pas­ ness and participation on the part of the rail­ senger operations." HON. JOHN BUCHANAN roads, the government and the public will That, in itself, is something hardly ever OF ALABAMA bring about a new face for the now declining heard on any railroad today. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passeng,er train industry. But it seems to be true on the IC. "Marginal Friday, July 19, 1968 TRUE OR NOT, RAILROADS HAVE IMAGE OF trains were eliminated, newer equipment was DISINTEREST IN MORE PASSENGERS purchased, the Magnolia Star went into serv­ ice and we began a stepped-up program of Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, I join (EDITOR'S NOTE.-This is the la.sit in a series promotion including radio, television and my colleagues, ably led by Representative of six articles dealing with the decline of the newspaper advertising," said Reistrup. JOHN ASHBROOK, in denouncing the re­ intercity passenger train. This article probes The IC finds that the passenger business, cent American-Rumanian agreement into the psychology behind passenger train even though organized around a profit­ providing for expanded American­ advertising. Do railroads want to draw new making theme, can be unpredictable. "The Rumanian scientist exchanges in the passengers?) passenger business is spotty. Some trains, like field of theoretical and practical prob­ (By Don Heimburger) the City of Miami, are well-patronized. Other lems, including collaboration in the field "Faster than a speeding car. Roomier than trains are so poorly patronized that they a hurtling bus. Cheaper than a fiying plane." don't even begin to cover their out-of-pocket of atomic energy in order to help Ru­ So reads the passenger train ad, just about expenses," said Reistrup. mania construct a nuclear reactor plant a thing of the past. The sales "blitz" by the !C's passenger de­ by 1973. Funds were also promised orally "We go, rain or snow, to both sunny coasts partment is on trial. "If despite our best ef­ to the project. of Florida," lt says in smaller print. The ad forts the public prefers to use other means This agreement was ill advised and is for the Illinois Central's "City of Miami" of transportation, then we will quickly seek unjustifiable on basis of national inter­ which runs from Chicago on an every other to abandon the lightly used train," he said. est. It provides information of a po­ day basis, taking tourists to the vacation AN $18 MILLION LOSS tentially vital military nature to a coun­ spots of Florida. The Illinois Central is one of several rail­ The Interstate Commerce Commission has try which is allied with the Soviet Union roads to advertise the advantages of taking estimated that the !C's passenger losses and other Communist countries against the train, even when the plane and bus and amounted to $18 million last year. us in the Warsaw Pact despite its de­ car have taken away much of the business. "Demand for passenger service has to be tailed differences with Moscow, and And even when the plane and bus com­ shown on a year-round basis for a train to makes mockery out of any still extant panies have steadily increased their advertis­ be profitable," Reistrup said. He said that while a train may be filled to capacity on a strategic goods embargo list. ing, a few of the "faithful" railroads still try It relieves the Soviet Union of an eco­ to draw the public through advertising. holiday, the train still must be able to haul The train, in the Chicago to Miami case, enough passengers during the rest of the nomically unprofitable and politically is a good way to travel. The route is direct year to make the train profitable. possibly dangerous decision of support­ and passengers save $36 by rail over day How do you tell the public, an angry pub­ ing in full the Rumanian nuclear pro­ coach airline fare. lic sometimes, that their "holiday" train is gram and frees Soviet resources to con­ going to be taken off because it is unprofit­ centrate upon supporting the atomic COST BY AUTO able? "I think public relation men need a The ad also points out that gasoline alone whole new set of communication links with program of their loyal satellites while round trip would cost $50 and by car averag­ the public," said Federal Railroad Adminis­ removing an irritant of Rumanian­ ing 700 miles a day, it would take 15 hours trator A. Scheffer Lang, before the Railroad Soviet relations. longer than by train. Public Relations Assn. Furthermore, the agreement rewards Unique is the word to use when a person "By and large the public thinks that the a country which since 1964 failed to take sees a passenger train advertisement or railroads are already out of business because any significant steps toward democra­ poster anymore. Posters used to plaster ,the of a lack of effective public relations. It's walls of train stations, numerous bulletin tization and relaxing its dictatorship. It curious that an industry which has worried abandons morally the national minor­ boards and were even found inside the rail­ so much about public ownership has spent way coaches themselves. so little time thinking about what its obli­ ities in Rumania, especially the 1.75 Today, posters playing up passenger serv­ gations to the public are," Lang said. million Hungarians whose fate we were ice are an oddity, something to take home It's up to the railroads and their public describing 5 weeks ago on the floor. and store in the attic as a souvenir of by­ relations men to correct the situation, but Their present situation has been aptly gone days. Ads can no longer be found, except stm the passenger train question dangles described by Rev. Eugene Osterhaven, for an occasional few, in magazines or news­ loose, is complicated with facts and figures, professor of theology at the Western papers. Are railroad advertising departments do's and don'ts and may soon be forgotten Theological Seminary in his booklet defunct? as even more passengers fade away. The public relations image of the 'rail­ "Transylvania-400 Years of a Refor­ roads has never been great. They were part mation Tradition," which has been pub­ of the large pools, trusts and schemes associ­ lished in June 1968 as follows: ated with the robber barons of the 19th SAN DIEGO TOROS STAGE "SALUTE Measures taken by the authorities to century. Their executives have always been TO ARMED FORCES" prevent the moving of Hungarians to the looked upon as the hard-nosed stubborn men cities and towns of Transylvania also serve that they usually turn out to be. the purposes of half-concealed Rumaniza­ The advertising department because the tion. Good jobs and well-paying positions public associates itself with railroads only HON. BOB WILSON OF CALIFORNIA are usually reserved for Rumanians only so when it goes on a passenger train and there­ that Hungarians in Transylvania are con­ fore doesn't know or care about the freight IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES demned to economic ruin while all envision business of railroads, has seen the railroad Monday, July 22, 1968 a hopeless future. image drop from zero to below zero. The situation of our Magyar brethren in BUDGEl' SHIFTED Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, one Transylvania makes a mockery of the arti­ As passenger service declined, so did the of the fastest growing sports in America cles of the peace treaties which were aimed railroad advertising department's promotion today-soccer-is winning the hearts of at protecting national minorities. The chau- July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22709 vinistic policy of Communist Rumania in and hope his experience and knowledge fuse current efforts and close the numer­ its Stalinist anti-Hungarianism disregards will be available to his county and its ous gaps in programs to protect the all human rights and international obliga­ tions solemnly agreed upon and promised people. American worker. in the peace treaties. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1968 SPEAKING OUT FOR THE COMMON TRIBUTE TO HOWARD WILLIAM MAN CROOKE HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER OF NEW YORK HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN HON. RICHARD T. HANNA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TENNESSEE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA Monday, July 22, 1968 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, July 22, 1968 Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, the av­ Monday, July 22, 1968 erage layman-asked to give his version Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, the letter Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I would like of what constitutes occupational health written by an outstanding American and to take this opportunity to pay my re- hazards--is more than likely to reply my good friend, the Honorable Joseph spects to a man who is retiring after 15 that it has something to do with min­ W. Lawson, of Bristol, Va.-Tenn., ap­ years of public service, on July 31. How- ing; or with high-voltage wires; or in­ peared in the Bristol Herald-Courier on ard William Crooke, at the age of 63, will volves those strong-nerved workers who Sunday, July 14, 1968. retire from his position as secretary- rivet skyscraper girders or build tower­ It has created widespread attention manager of the Orange County Water ing dams. since it appeared in this fine newspaper, District. All of these, of course, are hazardous and reflects the theme that makes every­ Under Mr. Crooke's leadership, which occupations. But they are occupations one want to speak out for the common began on September 1, 1953, the Orange accepted as such and the man in the man. County Water District has achieved in- street is apt to regard the practitioners of I am happy to make this letter avail­ ternational recognition for its effective those activities with a sense of awe and able to the readers of the RECORD, as fol­ and valuable underground basin man- remark, in passing, that there are cer­ lows: agement program. During the past dee- tainly some curious ways people earn a To THE EDITOR: ade, the district has ably hosted en- living. Yet he rarely imagines that his I want to speak out for the Common Man of our nation: gineers and water chiefs from many own job may be equally dangerous. Who leads a common life, nations, including Brazil, Venezuela, Take dry cleaners, furniture finishers, Who earns a common salary, Chile, the Netherlands, Syria, and the oil processors, painters, welders, printers, Who has a common ambition, United Arab Republic. photographic chemical makers, bronzers, Who dreams a common dream, Mr. Crooke has played a key role in cobblers, degreasing workers. Their jobs And who pays common taxes. determining the policies and programs are different and have a variety of haz­ I always want to be representative of the of the Orange County Water District and ards, but they all generally use benzene Common Man. All America has been told these past sev­ insuring that an adequate water supply in their work. Benzene may affect blood eral weeks, over and over again, that we are has been maintained for the county. cells and produce anemia. Inhalation of a sick society. Under his management, the district its vapor can affect the central nervous I propose to you that I am sick. Maybe instituted a revolutionary basin replen- system, causing drowsiness, fatigue, you are sick too. ishment assessment, which provides a headaches, dizziness, loss of conscious­ I am sick to death of being told I am means to recharge the basin's water sup- ness, convulsions, and death. sick- ply. Since that time, this means of as- What about these occupations? St.or­ By government officials who wm not en­ force law; sessment has been copied by water dis- age battery makers, ceramic makers, By politicians who dance to the tune of tricts throughout the country. dental amalgam makers, engravers, lith- minority groups; _ Thanks to his initiative and determi- ographers, solderers? All use cadmium. By those in the pulpit and on the college nation, the district has successfully se- Ingestion of its dust or fume can cause lecture platform who use their office to cured needed reforms and water pro- temporary or even fatal lung compllca­ project the socialistic creed of radicals. grams. Included among the programs tions; chronic effects involve the liver I am sick to death of being told I am which are now under construction is a and kidneys; and bone marrow may be sick- By idealistic, aggressive news reporters and $135 million sea water barrier, that is injured. evaluators (of whatever media) who have planned for the coastal region from Seal What common physical hazards do the audacity to tell me I should believe Beach to Costa Mesa. A series of fresh workers in these jobs share? Aircraft whatever they believe, knowing I have no · water wells and pumping troughs will be workers, dental assistants, fire alarm vehicle to publicly voice my disagreement. strung across the lowlands in an effort makers, glassmakers, machinists--fab­ I am sick to death of being told I am to block sea intrusion during dry periods ricated metal products-nurses, tile glaz­ sick- when the water level in the region is ers, laboratory technicians? All are po- By foppish entertainers draped in Nehru Jackets, feminine necklaces, and a cloak of lowered. tentially exposed to ionizing radiation. pseudo intellectualism. A second pioneering venture calls for Mr. Speaker, I believe there is a proper I am sick of cynical attitudes towards pa­ the reclaiming of sewage water to feed · Federal role in what has become an in­ triotism and our American institution. that water barrier. creasingly serious problem. It is certainly I am sick of sacrificing the cream of Ameri­ Mr. Crooke's efforts have evoked legis- not to our credit that in the world's can manhood in political wars we are not lative recognition of particular southern most modern industrial nation, which fighting to win. Californian water problems. A measure prides itself on the productivity of its I am sick of the decline in integrity and is now pending in Sacramento which will workers, each year sees 14,500 workers personal honor in this nation. equalize the cost of water and give the ~il.led on the jo~; 2.2 million workers I am sick of the permissive attitude, laxity, and tole.ranee to pressure groups and the Orange County Water District greater mJured; 250 milllon man-days of pro­ criminal element that is bringing this nation control over its pumping patterns. ductivity wasted; $1.5 billion in wages to its knees in lawlessness. Mr. Speaker, I wish to express my grat- lost as a result of injuries; and a total I am sick of seeing law enforcement agen­ itude and thanks to Mr. Crooke for the loss of about $5 billion to our economy. cies and the laws of this nation emasculated concern and effort which he has exerted I feel that the Occupational Health by a Supreme Court and administrators who for so many years on behalf of the Or- and Safety Act of 1968-H.R. 17748-de­ make their personal creeds the law of the ange County citizens. He has been a serves the close and thoughtful consid­ land. I am sick of seeing the same phrases friend and fellow public servant during eration of every Member. It seems that mouthed whether-you-call-them-hippies, my tenure of office. Helpful at all times the problems are too large for the States beatniks, or pseudo poor people. and a pleasure to work with. I wish him and private industry to handle alone and I am sick of not being able to take my well in the life that lies ahead for him that a national program is needed to family to a movie be ca use it is loaded with 22710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 perversion, drunkenness, dope and violence RUTH ST. DENIS Her mother also tried to educate the stage­ whose only purpose is to shock. struck girl at a women's seminary in Massa­ I am sick of seeing the same phrases in the chusetts. But Ruth was expelled because of HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE a disagreement over the· production of a popular literature of the day that I see school play. scrawled on the walls of public toilets. OF MASSACHUSETTS She began her dancing career in 1894 at I am sick of so-called educators and leaders IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES too weak kneed themselves to understand the Worth's Museum on 30th Street, doing 11 value of discipline in the character of man. Monday, July 22, 1968 shows a day for $20 a week. At the height of her career, during the late 1920's, Miss St. I am sick of a Congress which legislates out Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I ·am deeply Denis and Mr. Shawn commanded fees of of emotionalism rather than reason, thereby saddened-as are the people of western $3,500 a week. taking away the rights of all. Massachusetts and the country-by the During the early years she even tried six­ I am sick of being told I am sick with death of Ruth St. Denis, the founder of day bicycle racing to supplement her in­ violence because of the fascinations by men­ American dance. The people of my dis­ come. Finally, she was given a part in Belas­ tally deranged men, fed on a steady diet of trict have long been proud of our special co's prOduction of "Zaza," which took her violence and perversion by the nation's to London. While there, she visited Paris, periodicals, press, television and movies-all attachment to Miss St. Denis and her husband, Ted Shawn, so the news of her where she saw Loie Fuller and the Japanese condoned, even aided, by courts which per­ dancer Sadi Yaco. Both became strong in­ mit license in the name of freedom. death is all the more heaVY. She often fluences on he·r art. I am sick of riots, of marches, and those appeared at the Jacob's Pillow Dance who force themselves and their ideologies Festival in Lee, Mass., which was founded A PICTURE OF ISIS down my throat without qualification. by Mr. Shawn. We have treasured this After the excitement of Paris, Miss St. Denis returned to the United States to a routine of I am sick of those who say I owe them special 1attachment all the more because everything, because of the sins of my fore­ small parts in shows. During the long run Miss St. Denis is so important in our of Belasco's "Madame Du Barry," she dis­ fathers, when I have fought for years to give national culture. In the words of Clive them the right to work and freedom of choice. coverered the writings of Mary Baker Eddy Take note, gentlemen in high places: You Barnes, she took a choreogiraphical des­ and was strongly influenced by Christian Science. will not see me in the streets with a placard ert and made it "the most fruitful coun­ or a gun. I will be with the Common Man at try in the world for dance of all kinds." Her religious interests and her longing to The greatest names of modern dance at make dancing more than acrobatics crystal­ the polling place, casting a vote for the con­ lized one rainy afternoon in Buffalo. Sitting tinuation of the American way of life as I one time or another were inspired by her example. The newspaper eulogy which in a soda parlor there, she was electrified understand it. by a picture of the gOddess Isis on a poster JOSEPH W. LAWSON. follows is but one of many tributes which for Egyptian Deities cigarettes. will be made to her memory: "The main concern in the picture was, of RUTH ST. DENIS, PIONEER OF MODERN DANCE, course, the figure, its repose, its suggestion Is DEAD-PAVED WAY FOR A FREE NEW ART of latent power and beauty, constituting to STATE GUN CONTROL IN SEVEN-DECADE CAREER-PERFORMED AND my sharply awakened sensitivity a strange TAUGHT WITH HER HUSBAND, TED SHAWN symbol of the oomplete inner being of man " Los ANGELES, July 21.-Ruth St. Denis, she said later. ' HON. BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN whose work and personality inspired the Back in New York, after the run of "Ma­ American modern-dance revolution died to­ dame Du Barry" ended, she started an in­ OF GEOR•IA day at Hollywood Presbyterian Hospital of a tensive study of Eastern dances and cus­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heart attack. toms. She developed many contacts with Monday, July 22, 1968 Miss St. Denis, who was, according to vari­ Indians living in New York and in 1906 ous authorities, between 88 and 91 years old, was able to give her first dance recital of orig­ Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, dur­ had lived in California with her brother since inal choreography. ing the past few weeks there has been a the 1940's. Her program was not geared to the tastes great amount of debate concerning the A funeral service will be held on Wednes~ of the day, but she had enough success with day at the Church of the Hills, Forest Lawn it to be assured of a series of matinee dates, proposed gun control legislation. I have Cemetery, Hollywood Hills. The body w111 be sponsored in great part by society women. held the position that the regulation of cremated. More important, she earned a European firearms should be left to the States. Miss St. Denis is survived by her husband, tour, which took her to England, Austria, On July 11, 1968, the editors of the and longtime collaborator, Ted Shawn of France and Germany. Lee, Mass., and her brother, Brother St. Denis Paris was not so exciting this time. She Atlanta Journal published an editorial of Los Angeles. supporting my position. I am glad to see recounted with some distaste an experience A FIRST LADY in Auguste Rodin's studio when the sculp­ that the editorial staff of the Journal has Ruth St. Denis rose from· chorus girl to tor asked her to slip off her blouse and pose taken such an enlightened attitude in first lady of American dance in a performing for him. After a few moments, she said, this area. career that stretched from the 1890's to the Rodin put down his pad and began kissing For the interest of my colleagues, I 1960's. She was the last survivor of a trio of her arms from wrist to shoulder. "I had been disillusioned by a great artist whom I hereby insert the editorial in the RECORD, American woman dancers-Isadora Duncan and Loie Fuller were the others-who paved found to be an ordinary French sensualist," as follows: the way for the creativity and emotional she said. STATE GUN CONTROL freedom of American modern dance. She was hap.pier in Germany, where she Those who argue that states instead of Miss St. Denis, whose original name was was immediately accepted into intellectual Washington should regulate the sale of guns. Ruth Dennif?, was born in Newark. The date circles. The only people who asked to look at have a valid point. Several states require was Jan. 20. The year was, according to her, her arms, she said, were a group of bearded professors. In the name of science they asked gun registration and if all of them did so 1878. Ted Shawn said-this was one of their little arguments-that it was 1880. Her her to ripple her arms. Miss St. Denis obliged there would be no need for Congress to worry and they began tapping muscles to discover its miniminds about it. brother said 1879, and one of her biogra­ phers, Walter Terry, said 1877. the source of the movement. Rep. Mike Egan of Fulton County says that She remained Ruth Dennis until the turn The dances-"Incense," "Radha," "The he may introduce such gun control legisla­ of the century. That was when she was work­ Cobra," "Yogi" and "Nautch"-that had been tion in our state, and that such a bill would ing for David Belasco, who wanted to make so successful in Europe became the heart of be "more stringent" than a similar measure her a theatrical star. Her refusal and her her American touring repertory. During the he sponsored last year. generally prim deportment made him 1909-10 season, Miss St. Denis became the The law Mr. Egan has in mind would re­ laughingly refer to her as "Saint" Dennis. fir:st solo dancer to play a New York theater quire all guns to be registered, and an un­ With one less "n" it became her stage name. for a week as an evening attraction. Before registered gun found in a person's possession As a girl, Miss St. Denis had only limited this, dance had been an afternoon affair of would be grounds for arrest. The law would dance training. She describes herself in her little prestige. prevent the sale of guns to criminals, dope 1939 autobiography, "An Unfinished Life," A BACKER FOUND AND LOST addicts and the mentally ill by requiring a as "tall and thin" with "close-cropped hair In 1919 she produced and performed in a waiting period between application and issu­ and a face full of freckles." Her first teacher full-length dance drama titled "Egypt." Her was her mother, drilling her in calisthenics ance of registration papers. derived from the then-fashionable Delsarte backer for the "Egypta" and subsequent tours Sportsmen and other persons who do not Method. was Henry B. Harris, a leading theatrical have criminal records would not be stopped Later she studied with local teachers and manager. With his death in the sinking of from purchasing and maintaining guns, but took enough ballet lessons in New York the Titanic, Miss St. Denis had to play crazed or hot-headed persons bent on killing to learn the beginnings of ballet technique. vaudeville dates again. In 1914, finding that or robbing would be. Mr. Egan is on the right Soon she qu~t. "Ruth never did like ballet,.. there was little market for female soloists, track. Mr. Shawn once said. she decided to get a male partner and tour July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22711 with a repertory of social dancing like Vernon she showed American and European au­ WHAT THE KERNER REPORT SAYS and Irene Castle's. diences new possibilities in serious theatri­ TO ME Miss St. Denis became an inspiration to a cal dancing. She was aware of the limita­ young man several years her junior, who, tions of her dance technique next to "the while studying for the ministry, had con­ virtuosity of the ballet girl or the acrobatic REMARKS tracted a paralysis, and then, as therapy, had dancer." But, she said, "I sensed what I later OF taken up dancing. He was Ted Shawn, and be knew, that any technique is sufficient which became the partner Miss St. Denis had been adequately expresses the thought intended HON. JAMES C. CORMAN seeking. They danced together in public for by the artist." OF CALIFORNIA the first time in Paducah, Ky., on April 13, That statement could easily be the credo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1914, and four months later, on Aug. 13, were of modern dance. married in New York. Their wedding trip was Monday, July 22, 1968 a nine-month dance tour. A FORCE IN THE ARTS-RUTH ST. DENIS The partnership of Miss St. Denis and Mr. HELPED To MAKE THE UNITED STATES THE Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Sun­ Shawn gave rise to the Denishawn Company WORLD'S MOST FRUITi'UL COUNTRY FOR day, June 23, my minister, Dr. Lawrence and School. Among its students were Martha DANCE F. Hawley, of the First United Methodist Graham, Doris Humphrey and Charles Weid­ (By Olive Barnes) Church, of North Hollywood, Calif., de­ man, and nearly every modern dancer cur­ Of all the Ameri.oan dance pioneers of this livered a sermon which he entitled "The rently dancing can trace his lineage back to century, including Isadora Duncan, Loie Ful­ Upside Down World: What the Kerner these three. ler, Maude Allan, no one has had the influ­ Report Says to Me." Miss St. Denis's artistic life after her mar­ ence of Ruth St. Denis. When Miss St. Denis I was deeply impressed with Dr. Haw­ riage brought her wider renown and greater first decided to booome a dancer in 1894, the ley's insight into the significance of the weal th than she had ever known. She re­ United states was chmeographioa.lly a desert. ceived intense newspaper coverage, most of But when in 1963 she toured across the coun­ report. He admonished his parishioners it managed by the astute Mr. Shawn. try with a dance program oalled "American that the answers to our racial problems Dentshawn schools were established through­ Dances" and representing every aspect of must in the end be found in the lives of out the country. AmerioMl dance, the United States had be­ each of us, but that first we must become The company toured for 17 years in the come the most fruitful country in the world acquainted with the problems before we United States and overseas. It created sensa­ for dance of all kinds. The contrast was to can find the answers. As he said to us: tion after sensation, but some of these no small measure due to the work of Miss St. sensations were caused by Miss St. Denis's Denis herself. A problem is never solved by our refusal costumes. In an interview in The Atlanta When she and her husband, Ted Shawn, to become acquainted with it; nor can we Journal, she was quoted as saying, "The founded the Denishawn School in Los Ange­ bury our head in the sand and say 'taint Egyptian dancing girl wore hardly any clothes les in 1915, they were in effect laying the so. because she realized that clothes handicap foundation for American modern dance. The Dr. Hawley's words should have seri­ nature. The best garb is no garb." school itself offered all types of dancing in its ous meaning for every American. They The Denishawn era came to an end in curriculum, classical l>allet, ethnic (espe­ 1931 when Miss St. Denis and Mr. Shawn cially Oriental) dance and later Gennan ex­ are timely and needed, for every Amer­ separated after a concert in Lewisohn Sta­ pressive dance, as well as movement tech­ ican must personally be involved in the dium. Miss St. Denis then started to pursue niques developed within the school. struggle to solve these problems. her religious interests on a larger scale. She The Denishawn School and the Denishawn Mr. Speaker, I include Dr. Hawley's founded the Society of Spiritual Arts and Oompany, whioh lasted until Miss St. Denis sermon in the RECORD at this point: held regular movement services at her Tem­ and Mr. Shawn separated in 1931, was eclec­ ple-Studio at 35 West 44th Street. The so­ THE UPSIDE DOWN WORLD: WHAT THE KERNER tic but extraiordinarily infiuential in the his­ REPORT SAYS TO ME ciety was a logical outcome of her "rhythmic tory of Amerioan dianoe. From Denishawn's choirs," which she had established in 1927. two most famous students, Martha Graham (Sermon preached Sunday, June 23, 1968, by Serious critics of the time regarded her as and the late Doris Humphrey, has come vir­ Dr. Lawrence F. Hawley, minister, First being old-fashioned, since she was not in tually all of modern dance as we know it to­ United Methodist Church, North Holly­ sympathy with expressionist dancing, which day. Neither Miss Graham nor Miss Hum­ wood, Calif.) had been introduced to the country shortly phrey developed her techniques within the For sometime now, we have been con­ before. She recalled somewhat bitterly in her Denishawn School, but it was the impetus cerned over the riots which have been taking autobiography: of Denishawn that set both of them working place in our day, and we have a right to be "The intelligentsia of the dance made i·t along their separate lines. so concerned. To be sure, they symbolize appear that my offering was not only in the Other Denishawn students who became so much of the unrest of the times, a lack discard, but had been, in retrospect, largely famous in the em ergent modern dance of the of direction for many, and the unfulfilled composed of theatrical tricks." nineteen-thirties were Charles Weidman, dreams and hopes for others. However, the riots of recent times are not the first have WORK IN A FACTORY Jack Cole and Pauline Lawrence. In this way to Deni:shawn was the founding aciademy of been experienced. In the New Testament, the During World War II she moved to Holly­ Book of Acts records a number of riots; and wood, where she lived quietly with her American modern dance. Miss St. Denis herself was best known and in our scripture lesson of the morning, the brother. She worked in the Douglas aircraft seventeenth chapter of the Book of Acts, factory as her contribution to the war ef­ most admired for her Oriental dances, and this interest in the East has also left its mark, you find Paul and Silas involved in one of fort, a far cry from the Liberty Bond rallies the many. They had come into the town of she had given during World War I. particularly in the work of Martha Graham, on American modern dance. Thessalonica proclaiming the Gospel of After the war she returned to New York Christ. The record indicates that a large for concert appearances. In a review of one, Miss St. Denis enjoyed an extraordinarily long oareer; indeed she was appearing on number of people were persuaded and be­ the critic Edwin Denby noted that Miss St. came converts. But, according to the record, Denis "still has a wonderfully touching mild­ television only last year. Her beauty, both physical and spiritual, was remarkable, and some of the Jewish leaders were jealous, "and ness and a striking clarity of movement." taking some wicked fellows of the rabble, "The tilt of the head, the turn of the she did an enormous amount to win under­ standing for dance in this country. they gathered a crowd, set the city in an wrists are in every way lovely and delicate," uproar, and attacked the house of Jason, he continued. "Her appearance in her fine When dancers die they usu:a;lly le1ave seeking to bring them out to the people. costumes is graceful and there is a native nothing but a bundle of phot;ogra.phs and a And when they could not find them, (Paul grandeur in the warmth and objectivity with sheaf Of press clippings. But Miss St. Denis and Silas) they dragged Jason and some of which she projects her roles." has achieved far more. Through Denishawn the brethren before the city authorities, cry­ Miss St. Denis and her husband reunited she helped to fulfill a vision of America ing, "These men who turned the world up­ to collaborate in a series of lecture-perform­ dancing. side down have come here also, and Jason has ances at the Museum of Natural History and received them; and they are all acting she made regular appearances at Mr. Shawn's against the decrees of Caesar, saying that Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in Lee, Mass., THE "PUEBLO": HOW LONG, MR. there is another king, Jesus." until 1955. PRESIDENT? Now, we've all been interested in expres­ Miss St. Denis left no codified "school" of sions--descriptive phrases--even though they dancing. She studied ethnic dances of the do not describe what really has happened, East, Middle East and Africa and evolved HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE or is happening. Such, it seems to me, is the from them a style of her own, but she did OF IOWA case here: it would be more accurate to say not develop a system to pass on to her that Paul and Silas were endeavoring to turn students. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the world rightside up! Already the world Nor was she, by her own admission, a very Monday, July 22, 1968 was upside down, and it needed to be put good teacher. Creative artists, she felt, did rightside up! not make good teachers. "But I can inspire Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is In the light of this, I do not know of a like hell," she once said with a smile. the 182d day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her phrase more descriptive of our time and our Besides inspiring her younger associates, crew have been in North Korean hands. world than to say that ours is an "Upside CXIV--1431-Part 17 22712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 down world in need of being put right.side phernalia and high powered mimeograph­ tension-heightening incidents over a period up". At the same time, I do not know of any machines, the churches have failed to com­ of weeks or months became linked in the statement which would indicate the fact municate a Christian understanding of life minds of many in the negro commull!ity that ours is an upside down world in the in the American community." with a reservoir of underlying grievances. At life of our own nation than the Report of Now add to that this statement from one some point in the mounting tension, a fur­ the President's Commission on Civil Dis­ of our most widely read authors in our time: ther incident-in itself often routine or orders. "I believe that the greatest trouble in the trivial-became the breaking point and the Appointed by President Johnson, July 28, churches today is that a high percentage of tensions spilled over into violence. . .. Pre­ 1967, the commission was called together to our people are spiritually without the vital serving civil peace is the first responsib111ty study the riots and violence and civil dis­ experience of Christ which is gloriously of­ of government. Unless the rule of law pre­ order in our nation to determine what hap­ fered in the New Testament. Their Chris­ vails, our society will lack not only order pened, why it happened, and what might be tianity, in fact, is not the real thing, but a but also the environment essential to so­ done to prevent it happening again. I hope spurious substitute. It is not alive. Based not cial and economic progress. The maintenance you have read the report. Likewise, I hope on surrender, but on compromise, it is a con­ of civil order cannot be left to the police you are attending our Sunday morning ten ventional and poor copy of the real thing. al,one. The police need guidance, as well as o'clock series on the study of the Report of In their hearts they know it is a sham, for support, from mayors and other public of­ the Commission. We need to become ac­ there is no power in it. In their hearts they ficials. Lt is the respon&ibility of public of­ quainted with the problem. A problem is know it is a fake, and the pathetic illusion ficials to determine proper police policies, never solved by our refusal to become ac­ of reality is kept up by attendance at serv­ support adequate police standards for per­ quainted with it; nor, can we bury our head ices, a dangerous anaesthetic; or by hectic sonnel and performance and participate in in the sand, Ostrich-like, and say it "'taint services on this committee or that, a dan­ planning for the control of disorders." so"; when, all the time the problem is there, gerous drug; or by passionate discussion on This is all to say that violence does not and only worsens by our refusal to confront this problem or that, so often a deep dug­ work. Nothing has ever been settled by vio­ it and do something about it. out." Plain words to be sure; and addressed lence. Violence, however manifest, never pro­ As I read the report, there are several not to the Jews of some two thousand years vides a peaceful settlement. Oh, it may seem things it says to me; but I want to speak of ago, but to the Christian churchman of this to quench the blaze for the moment; but ln only four. day, who so easily give away to the evil of the end provides for a greater conflagration I self-content and smug satisfaction with by simply postponing the hate, hostiUty, and For one thing, the report says to me that things as they are! The Report of the Com­ revenge which has a way of breaking out in we cannot overlook the evil of self-content; mission says that to me. some other place. Those who resort to vio­ lence not only destroy others, but in turn simply becoming satisfied with things as II they are. If we do so, we do so at the expense they destroy themselves. of our own destruction. I should like to The second thing it says to me is, as the I wish that those who resort to racial vio­ share with you some statements from the ancient Proverb puts it, that pride goes be­ lence-the spewing forth of hostility­ report, and I shall take them from the sum­ fore destruction and a haughty spirit before whether they be white or black, would realize mary addition of the report, since with this a fall. (Proverbs 16: 18) The study of the that they provide no answer but simply create you are most fammar. That being the case, Commission brought forth the startling dis­ a greater problem. the report states: "Segregation and poverty covery that despite all of the conflicting IV evidence and extreme opinions, that certain have created in the racial ghetto a destruc­ Finally, the report says to me that the only tive environment totally unknown to most fundamental matters became clear. "Of answer is to be found in a changed life. In white Americans. What white Americans have these, the most fundamental is the racial its concluding statement, the report states: never fully understood-but what the negro attitude and behavior of white Americans "One of the first witnesses to be invited to can never forget-is that white society is toward black Americans. Race prejudice has appear before this Commission was Dr. Ken­ deeply implicated in the ghetto. White in­ shaped our history decidedly; it now threat­ neth D. Clark, a distinguished and perceptive stitutions created it, white institutions main­ ens to effect our future. White racism is es­ scholar. Referring to the reports of earlier tain it, and white society condones it." sentially responsible for the explosive mix­ riot Commissions, he said: 'I read that report rm afraid that this has been a well-known ture which has been accumulating in our of the 1919 riot in Chicago and it is as if I fact for a long time; but one about which cities since the end of World War II." were reading the report of the investigating little has been done. While we do not con­ "White racism!" Oh, we don't like that Committee on the Harlem riot of '35, the done the looting, burning, destruction of life term; but I'm afraid we don•t like it, be­ report of the investigating Committee on the and property; we cannot overlook the inward cause it exposes the sin of so many of us: Harlem riot of '43, the report of the McCone pressures and tensions spawned by the ghetto the deadly pride which destroys so much of Commission on the Watts riot. I must again . . . finally erupting in the terrible demon­ life! I'm not talking about that justifiable in candor say to you members of this Com­ strations taking place! It seems to me that concern that a man should have in his fam­ mission-it is a kind of Alice in Wonder­ the report points up one of our American Uy, his country, his friends, and his work. land-with the same moving picture re­ evils: that of becoming satisfied with things Someone has said that, "A man without any shown over and over again, the same analysis, as they are and doing nothing about them! pride is a mean and inconsiderable creature, the same recommendations, and the same in­ It was the sin of the Pharisees in Jesus' beneath the respec·t of normal man." The action.' day. He said, "Woe to you, Scribes and Phari­ real heart of the stn is that a person thrusts "These words come to our minds as we sees, hypocrites! For you are like white­ himself into the center of the picture and conclude this report. We have provided a washed tombs, which outwardly appear beau­ makes himself the test and the standard honest beginning, we have learned much but tiful, but within are full of dead men's bones and the measurement of all things. Racism, we have uncovered no startling truths, no and all uncleaness." Just so long as things whether it is white or black, is pretty much unique insights, no simple solutions. The look all right outwardly, we conclude that the sign of a self-centered life. It is the dis­ destruction and bitterness of racial disorder, they are all right inwardly. Just so long as ease which has blighted life wherever it has the harsh polemics of black revolt and white things are going well for us, we seem to been blighted. It builds the barriers between repression have been seen and heard before think they are going well for the i;est of the classes, races, and nations. I suppose one in this country. It is time now to end the world, when such is not ·the case. So we be­ of the most classic illustrations is that of destruction and the.violence, not only in the come content and satisfied, and it doesn't Nazi Germany and its pride of race. How streets and the ghetto but in the lives of occur to us that we need to be at work in as­ that drove the Jews out of Germany! At people." suming our share of responsibility of putting least those who were fortunate enough to Ah, that is where finally the answer must things right; of taking an upside down world get out. Ah, racism is an ugly thing in this be found ... in the lives of people. But that and endeavoring to put it right.side up! fair earth where God created men for equal­ calls for the changed life, the changed atti­ There is such a tendency in our time to ity and justice. It is that ugly sin which tude, the changed spirit. I grant that educa­ talk more than act. At the recent session has caused little nations all 01rer the world tion will help; employement will help; jobs of our Annual Conference meeting on the to throw off the yoke of paternalism, and are needed; new industries are required; · the holds of power on the pa.rt of those campus of the University of Redlands this equal opportunity will help ... but taken past week, a group of Samoan preachers visit­ nations which have so often used the smaller alone or even all together, they are not sum­ nations to their own advantage! It is a bad cient. Only the new man in Christ wi'tih the ing the State from Samoa were presented to thil.ng when it causes nation to strive against the Conference. Their spokesman said one of changed life, changed attitude, changed nation, but even worse when it creeps into spirit, wm provide the answer. the things that impressed them so much was our own nation and se·ts white against black, the amount of mimeographed material used and black agaillSlt white. It is even more at the Conference-the unending distribu­ worse when Lt festers in the heart of man PROSPECTS FOR PEACE: BLEAK tion of reports-the overabundance of com­ and sets him against his fellow man. mittees; but little action! Gibson Winter in his New Creation Is Me­ m HON. ROBERT DOLE tropolis points up much of our problem when In the third place the report says to me OF KANSAS he states: "Indeed, the depth of this crisis that violence does not work. The Commission is confirmed by the detachment of church report states truly thalt, "disorder did not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people from even the most rudimentary grasp erupt as the result of a single triggering or Monday, July 22, 1968 of the meaning of the Christian faith. De­ precipitating incident. Instead, it was gen­ spite enormous expenditures of money, a erated out of an increasingly disturbed social Mr. DOLE: Mr. Speaker, the most im­ well trained clergy, modern religious para- atmosphere, in which typically a series of mediate results of the Honolulu talks July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22713 between President Johnson and South Congressional District it has been an ex­ cisco would be ugly and a blot upon one of Vietnam's General Thieu seem to be tremely rare instance when I have felt so the most beautiful areas in the Staite of Oali­ strongly on a subject that I have made a fornia. To satisfy the Oity of San Francisco, nothing new-no esc1alation o.f the war, presentation to your honorable board. This it wlll be necessary to move 7 mlllion yards no deescalation-just more of the same. is one of those occasions. Of dirt by cutting it from the hillsides and President Johnson said in Honolulu I consider it essential and imperative that deposl ting that same 7 million yards else­ any idea of halting the bombing of the Interstate Route 280, the Junipero Serra where. Such a gig>antic earth-moving opera­ north was "tommyrot" and said the war Freeway, be constructed immediately, along tion in such a limited area cannot a void be­ would go on at "about present levels." the route originally agreed upon by the Cali­ ing offensive to anyone who appreciates nat­ This makes it apparent that the Viet­ fornia State Highway Commission and the ural beauty. Perhaps a graphic e~a mple of County of San Mateo. To delay construction just how much 7 million yards involve would nam war will continue as before. It looks along this route and to adopt the route pro­ better prove my point. Such an amount of like we return to a war-as-usual phi­ posed by the City of San Francisco would dirt would fill a trail three feet high and losophy. ( 1) deny the traveling public access to this three feet wide from San Francisco to New The main thrust of the meeting was much-needed thoroughfare during the period York, with enough left over to come back t.o that Thieu is able to return home and of delay, (2) co.st the taxpayers an addi­ Kansas City. Imagine this disruption in a reassure his people that Uncle Sam is not tional an unreasonable amount of money and limited area of a little more than five miles. going to pull a fast fadeout. Th.at is what divert needed highway funds from other To accede to the desires of San Francisco General Thieu wanted to hear, and that areas, ( 3) waste funds already expended, ( 4) would be to place that city in a preferential impose unnecessary inconvenience and ex­ position which discriminates agaJ.nst other is what the President told him. pense upon users of the road, (5) create landowners. The laws of eminent domaJ.n President Johnson was most specific unnecessary hazard, (6) contribute to smog have long decreed that the rights of an in­ on one point-that the United States and air pollution, (7) deface a large seg­ dividual landowner are secondary to those would not impose a coalition government ment of our countryside, and (8) place the of the general public. First, San Francisco ob­ on Saigon as a price of peace. Had he City of San Francisco in a preferential po­ jected to the adopted route by raising the made a statement to the contrary, he sition which discriminates against other scare of water pollution. This argument had would have destroyed much of the lever­ landowners. no merit in view of the state's plans for anti­ age the American negotiators have at Only four and one-half miles of unfinished pollution control and the past record of the highway through the Crystal Springs area State Board in such matters. Then San Fran­ the Paris peace talks. deny the residents of Santa Clara County and cisco argued that it might want to develop It appears with no concessions forth­ other motorists the right to use Junipero some of the lower land. Obviously, the City of coming from the other side, and since Serra Freeway. The County of San Mateo San Francisco should not be placed in a pref­ a military victory seems an impossibility, and the State Highway Commission have erential position in order to make a specula­ that a way must be found to include dis­ entered into an agreement in good faJ.th and tive and handsome real estate profit. Now the sident elements in the governing setup the preliminary engineering has already been City is attempting to convey the impression done at considerable expense, to route the that recreational use of the area would be of South Vietnam. freeway along the lines agreed upon. To re­ destroyed by constructing the highway along It appears the last chances for real, engineer the route along lines suggested by the adopted route. This is simply not true, as lasting peace in Vietnam may not come the City of San Francisco would result in anyone knows who has studied the report from Paris. Although hopeful for good another lengthy delay. The taxpaying public prepared for the State Division of Highways news, I am not encouraged about the has paid for the right to use this rood and by Hall and Goodhue and Robert Trent Jones. progress of negotiations there. the special interests of San Francisco should All of these fine plans would be abandoned not force them to delay that use. in favor of huge slashes in the countryside The route proposed by San Francisco could and massive fills of dirt if the San Francisco conceivably cost an additional $10 million. route were to be adopted. STATEMENT ON FREEWAY DELAY Such a waste is unacceptable when the fed­ Lastly, there is a question of good faith in­ el'lal highway trust fund is depleted and a volved. Once an agreement has been entered transportation crisis has enveloped every into and the State of California, in behalf of HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER state in the union. To squander $10 million the motoring public, has acted upon the which would build roads elsewhere and un­ agreement, no amount of poUtical horse­ OF CALIFORNIA doubtedly have human lives simply to serve trading should stand in the way of what best IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. selfish provincial interest is unf aJ.r. serves the general public at the least cost Monday, July 22, 1968 The State of California has already ex­ and with the least disruption of natural pended in excess of $600 thousand in engi­ beauty. The City of San Francisco should not Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, provincial neering the modified adopted route. This be given preference over the millions of Cali­ and sometimes selfish interests often would be an absolute waste of funds which fornians who constitute the motorin'g public. urge the rerouting of Federal interstate were expended in good faith in reliance upon an agreement supposed•ly arrived at in g-00d highways. Today the motoring public faith. To build the route proposed by the or California is being denied the use of City of San Francisco would require Santa Junipero Serra Freeway-Interstate Clara County citizens and all mot.orists to A MODEL GUN CODE Route 280-because the city of San drive an additional three-quarters of a mile Francisco objects to the previously along a four-percent grade, which is close to HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE agreed upon routing of a 4¥2-mile seg­ the maximum grade alllowed tinder federal ment which would connect two com­ highway standards. This would require extra OF MASSACHUSETl'S fuel, extra wear and tear on automobiles, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pleted portions of the freeway. In my would involve wasted time. opinion, the city of San Francisco has The higher road proposed by San Francis­ Monday, July 22, 1968 adopted an unreasonable position and co would certainly present an unnecessary Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. one which would violate the spirit and ha:z;ard. Grades, cuts, and fills are unques­ Speaker, Massachusetts has one of the intent of the Federal Highway Act if it tionably more dangerous than straighter and strictest gun laws in the Nation, and the is adopted. more level roads. Massachusetts Legislature has just ap­ Mr. Speaker, today I am filing a state­ Climbing a grade greatly increases exhaust emission and would contribute to our already proved a new code to require owners of ment at a hearing of the Santa Clara serious air pollution and smog problem. It ft.rearms to possess an identification card. County Board of Supervisors on this simply does not make sense to require ex­ This is a new approach, calling for the subject and I submit that statement pensive smog control devices on automobiles registration of firearms owners instead herewith. I urge my colleagues to read and then needlessly operrute those automo­ of the registration of all guns, which was it as a classic example of a posxtion held biles in a manner which negates the effeot of drawn up by Massachusetts Attorney by a major city which contradicts what those devices by producing unnecessary ex­ General Elliot L. Richardson. It has been Congress intended when it passed the haust emission. proposed as model legislation for action Federal Highway Act. Without question, the route proposed by San Francisco would deface a large segment in all our 50 States. The New England The statement referred to follows: of beautiful countryside. I am informed that Governors Conference already passed a STATEMENT OF HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER TO THE in some places 170-foot cuts will be neces­ resolution expressing its interest in this SANTA CLARA COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVI­ sary. Imagine the ugliness of a terraJ.n with model, and Gov. John Volpe has said SORS, REGARDING THE ROUTING OF INTER­ gashes in it a.s high as a 17-story building. that he will submit the code to the Na­ STATE HIGHWAY 280 IN THE VICINITY OF Recently the residents of Woodside in San tional Governors Conference. UPPER CRYSTAL SPRING RESERVOIR, SAN Mateo Oounty strongly protested an over­ . I;n view of the need for uniform regu­ MATEO COUNTY, JULY 22, 1968 head power line because it marred the land­ Mr. Chairman and Honorable Members of scape. As an ardent coru;erviatlonist, I sup­ lations in the Nation if any such initia­ the Board of Supervisors, during my 16 yee.rs ported their point of view and for the same tives are to be effective, I ask my col­ as i;ne Representative in Congress of the 10th reason I say the route proposed by San Fran- leagues in the House for their careful 22714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 consideration of the new plan and am ma," "stone mason's phthisis"-these most feasible and desirable means of presenting the article which appeared are ancient terms for the progressive establishing certain portions of the tide­ in the July 21 New York Times, as fol­ crippling lung damage which has lands, outer Continental Shelf, seaward lows: afflicted thousands of workers in the areas, and the Great Lakes of the United A MODEL GUN CODE PROPOSED FOR THE UNITED dusty trades over the years. The State States as marine sanctuaries. STATES-PLAN DRAWN UP AT REQUEST OF of Pennsylvania alone is paying more The Subcommittee on Oceanography, ATTORNEYS GENERAL than 16,000 persons $55 million in com­ Committee on Merchant Marine and BOSTON, July 20.-A code that would re­ pensation claims in 1968 for these occu­ Fisheries, is now holding hearings on this quire owners of firearms to possess an identi­ pational pneumoconioses. measure. For the information of my col­ fication card has been proposed as model Among soft coal miners, the death leagues, I hereby insert the following legislation for the 50 states by Attorney Gen­ rate from respiratory disease is five eral Elliot L. Richardson of Massachusetts. statement, which I presented to the The Massachusetts Legislation this week times that of the general working committee, in the RECORD: approved a law embodying most of the code's population. Mr. Chairman, last session I had the provisions. Mr. Richardson said that copies of More than 3,000 cases of silicosis are pleasure of co-sponsoring H.R. 11584 with the code would be sent to officials in the reported yearly from exposure to free Representative Hasting Keith. This bill au­ other states as a suggestion for uniform fire­ silica-the major constituent of all thorizes the Secretary of the Interior to study arms control legislation. rocks, soils, sands, and clay. the most feasible and desirable means of ''Many American states have taken steps Cotton dust, talc, diatomite, carbo­ establishing certain portions of the tidelands, to enact stricter gun laws," Mr. Richard­ rundum, sugarcane fiber, asbestos, even outer continental shelf, seaward areas, and son said. "But even the strictest of state laws Great Lakes of the United States as marine is of little value if guns are easily available the dust from moldy silage-each pro­ sanctuaries and for other purposes. in neighboring states." duces its own form of lung damage The shores, coastal marshes and broad In Massachusetts, which had one of the wherever dust control and worker pro­ river estuaries of the United States are ever­ strictest gun laws in the nation even before tection are inadequate. changing because they are battered by the passage of the new code, it has been esti­ A recent study of 231 foundries storms, eroded by tides and are constantly mated that 87 per cent of all firearms used in showed that one in 15 of the 3,200 work­ being invaded by new plants and animals. crimes come from outside the state, Mr. ers were exposed to environmental con­ Unfortunately, these areas are being drained, Richardson said. ditions capable of producing disabling dredged, cut by channels, or someway rav­ A resolution adopted at the annual meet­ aged by man. The Coastline of the United ing of the National Association of Attorneys and fatal diseases. On the basis of this States is almost 12,000 miles long. This area General in June calls for the drafting of a study, the U.S. Public Health Service provides a habitat for fish, shellfish, birds, model state firearms control bill. Mr. Richard­ estimates than more than 20,000 work­ and mammals. son was given the job of preparing the pro­ ers in this industry are presently work­ The coastline means many things to our posed legislation. ing under dangerous conditons. nation. Through our coastline, our commerce Gov. John A. Volpe of Massachusetts has Three and a half million American reaches the other nations of the world. Over said t hat he plans to submit the code of the workers exposed to asbestos face a dual % of our population live along our coastline National Governors Conference. threat: not only are they subject to the and because of this we see that our major In addition to requiring a firearms identifi­ lung-scarring pneumoconiosis of their industries tend to spring up in this area. cation card, the code drawn up by Mr. Around 600,000 of our population, earn Richardson would forbid the sale or trans­ trade, asbestosis, but are endangered by their living from commercial fishing, har­ fer of any firearms to any individual not lung cancer associated with inhalation vesting the aquatic resources which abound possessing such a card. of asbestos fibers. adjacent to and are dependent upon our In effect, a spokesman for Mr. Richardson Recent studies of insulation workers coastline. These people are totally dependent said, the state code calls for the registration in two States showed one in five deaths upon the coastal areas and the seas beyond. of firearms owners, instead of the registration were from lung cancer, seven times the A greatly increasing proportion of our rec­ of all guns, as proposed in Congress. expected rate; half of those with 20 reation seekers use our coastal areas for Under the code, the identification cards various purposes, including such activities as would be obtained from local licensing au­ years or more in the trade had X-ray evidence of asbestosis; one in 10 deaths fishing, scuba diving, and hunting. thorities or from the Commissioner of the Thousands of people on all coasts provide Department of Public Safety. were caused by mesotheloma, a rare services to these saltwater enthusiast. I be­ BAN ON FORMER FELONS malignancy of the lung or pleura which lieve that our coastline with its many deep­ strikes only one in 10,000 in the general The code would withhold registration in water harbors and easy passages from the cases where the applicant had done the working population. sea forms one of the greatest resources of following: These are just a few examples. There our country. Been convicted of a felony or been released have been about 60 different types of Fish such as weakfish, drum, tarpon, men­ from prison for conviction of a felony charge occupational respiratory diseases re­ haden, and shellfish seek this inshore water within five years. ported in the medical literature since environment during their lives. These en­ Been confined to a mental hospital, ex­ 1961. All of them need much work be­ vironments are being destroyed by fills, dikes, cept when he had a medical certificate at­ fore we know how to prevent and treat and changes in the chemical composition of testing to competence. them adequately. the water whch is destroying the essential Been convicted of a narcotics violation or link in the life chain. was a drug addict or alcoholic, except when The Oceupational Safety and Health These fish and shellfish are disappearing he had a medical certificate of competence Act of 1968, H.R. 17748, provides for the because of the encroachment of human five years after having been declared cured by first time the basis for a national action habitation and the development of the coast­ a competent medical authority. and research program in the occupa­ line by specific interests who are not con­ Applicants would have to be over 15 years tional diseases. It deserves the support sidering all of the values nor all of the uses old, and if under 21 years of age have the of every Member of Congress. of these coastal areas. Damage to an area written permission of a parent or guardian. does not always destroy or eliminate life Maximum sentences under the code for forms found in a region but small changes giving false information, or for committing in conditions can make an area uninhabitable unauthorized use of an identification card, MARINE SANCTUARIES to fish, shellfish, waterfowl and other ani­ would be two years in jail and a $1,000 fine mals who have narrow tolerances for tem­ for a first offense, and five years ill prison perature, salinity, turbidity and current and a $2,000 fine for subsequent offenses. HON. BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN velocities. The biggest problem facing us who want OF GEORGIA to preserve fish and wildlife in coastal areas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is ignorance. No one knows what any part THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND Monday, July 22, 1968 of the area can or is producing or supporting HEALTH ACT OF 1968 in fish and wildlife. No one knows what the Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, our life histories of any area., the effect of marsh Nation's shores, coastal marshes, and burn-off or a change in salinity will have on HON. JOSHUA EILBERG broad river estuaries are ever-changing the life forms found in our coastal areas. OF PENNSYLVANIA bodies whose recreational purposes are Without a fund of knowledge about the animals and their needs, the conservationist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES becoming more vitally important to our Nation. Therefore, I had the pleasure to is at a loss to describe the predevelopment Monday, July 22, 1968 situation in terms the developer will take cosponsor with Congressman HASTINGS seriously or to predict with any degree of Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, "black KEim, H.R. 11584, a bill to authorize the certainty the effects of any particular de­ lungs," "grinder's rot," "potter's asth- Secretary of the Interior to study the velopment project. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22715 Mr. Chairman, I feel that H.R. 11584 is a ANALYZING THE STUDENT little to fall back upon ... He may project step in the proper direction to provide con­ his anger upon those whom he feels are servationists with the knowledge that they frustrating him ... In his belief that life need. I urge your subcommittee to report HON. GEORGE P. MILLER and especially the sexual aspects of life can this bill favorably to the full committee as OF CALIFORNIA be enjoyed without guilt, he becomes highly soon as possible. disturbed when he discovers that ... acer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tain amount of guilt is inevitable. He even Monday, July 22, 1968 becomes plagued with additional guilt over the realization that he is guilty . . . Too Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speak­ often such a student find(s) it necessary to NIXON'S SECRET WEAPON er, I would like to call your attention to construct 'devil' theories of history in which an article which appeared in the July 18 the existence of evil is attributed to only a HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL issue of the Washington Daily News writ­ few who block the progress of the man." ten by the competent columnist, Ray OF ILLINOIS Cromley. · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Cromley, in discussing unrest Monday, July 22, 1968 among the youth of our country, quotes BARE DOUBTS UNITED STATES CAN Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, every now at length from S. L. Halleck, M.D., pro­ MATCH RUSS JETS and then the question of Richard Nixon's fessor of psychiatry at Wisconsin Uni­ political durability is raised either in · versity, a report that should be of inter­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK print or as a topic of discussion on a est to all of us. OF OHIO television program. With no personal I am happy to make it part of these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fortune, no present political post, no po- remarks: Monday, July 22, 1968 litical base of power in any State, how ANALYZING THE STUDENT can it be that as we approach the Re- (By Ray Cromley) Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in the publican National Convention that this University professors have begun to do re­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of July 19 of this man stands at the head of his party, is search on student unrest. year, I inserted an article from the the leading candidate for his party's One such unpublicized study by S. L. Hal­ Christian Science Monitor concerning presidential nomination, and will very leck, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry at Wis­ the growing threat of the expanding consin University, deserves more than pass­ Soviet submarine fleet. The article quoted likely be elected as the next President ing interest. It seems to suggest that a little of the United States? knowledge is a dangerous thing. our submarine authority, Vice Adm. It seems to me that the most simple Professor Halleck divides "the determined Hyman G. Rickover, as saying that "we and direct answer to this question can minority of restless students" into two will lose our superiority over the Rus­ be found in an editorial from the July groups: sians" in this area. The activists-those who "reject the polit­ The Chicago Tribune of July 22 carried 21, 1968, edition of the Peoria Journal ical and economic status quo and are mak­ Star and I insert it in the RECORD at this a similar article covering the area of ing vigorous attempts to change the struc­ U.S. military aircraft as compared with Point: ture pf our society." NIXON'S SECRET WEAPON The alienated-those who "reject the those of the Soviet Union. The article's Richard Nixon is a very peculiar political values of their society as well as the values opening paragraph states: animal. of their own past and are developing a Professional military men have expressed In 22 years of politics, he played a key role style of life which is contradictory to the serious concern over whether American air­ as a congressman in exposing the convicted Western ethics of hard work, self denial, craft can match the Soviet Union's jets, Soviet spy, Alger Hiss, as Hiss was poised on success and responsibility." ... These stu­ Senate testimony disclosed today. the next to top rung of the State depart­ dents "sometimes participate in efforts to ment hierarchy. change the society but for the most part Our loss of superiority in various mili­ As a senator, with no base of power (he they are withdrawn and passive." tary fields is becoming an increasingly and Earl Warren were at odds in California This is what Prof. Halleck's report says: familiar story. Back in 1963, it will be and Warren was governor), he swung the "Alienated students and, to a lesser ex­ remembered. Congress expressed concern state from its "favorite son", Warren, to tent, activist students find it difficult to sus­ about our anti-ballistic-missile program Eisenhower-an action which gave .Ike the tain goal-directed activity. Their capacity to and later the Joint Chiefs of Staff re­ nomination, Nixon the vice-presidency, and organize for any kind of action is limited ... echoed congressional feelings. The then made Warren chief justice of the Supreme Even their political efforts seem highly dis­ organized. Secretary of Defense gave various ex­ Court. cuses as to why we should not undertake He served two terms as vice president, lost "Alienated students live at the edge of to the dynamic John F. Kennedy by an eye­ despair. Altha they seem at times to be en­ an ABM program. Meanwhile, the lash, lost in California in seeking the gov­ joying life, there is always a sense of fore­ Soviets were building ABM systems ernorship, and became a New York lawyer. boding about them. Often they become de­ around Moscow and Leningrad, it was re­ pressed and suicidal. Activist students are ported. To this day we are still without He has no financial fortune, no present more emotionally stable but are also prone political post, no political base of power in to deep feelings of hopelessness and self any semblance of a system. any state, and a record of two losses-and pity. It seems we are now reaping the "re­ yet he stands at this moment at the head of wards" of programs effected by Mr. Mc­ his party, at the head of the polls, and very ". . . Most alienated students . . . tend to likely to be the next President of the United seek medical or psychiatric excuses from Namara and his "Whiz Kids" in recent States ... at least, as of now, the "man their obligations at the first sign of stress. years. It is high time that the American They also have a discouraging tendency to most likely to succeed." public realize that when they elect a new break laws and to insist that their own per­ President in November, they will have the There he stands with folks screaming, "he sonal needs and problems are such that they can't win!" "He•s a big nothing I" should not be held accountable for these ac­ opportunity, if they so choose, to have There he stands, with some of the folks tions . . . When students are occasionally realistic leaders placed at the heads of who some years back called Joseph McCarthy arrested for smoking marijuana they almost vital Federal departments. An all im­ unfair, vicious, and immoral for reaching always avoid punishment by becoming in­ portant question is which presidential back a dozen years to hang people for some formants and thus ... avoid legal account­ nominee will disdain the day-dreamers obsolete Communist affiliation in their ability ..." youth-now condemning Nixon for being too "Today's restless youth," says Prof. Halleck, and dabblers for hard-nosed officials who zealously anti-Communist twenty years ago. "have grown up in a world which has not are concerned with the national security How does he stand on the top rung, today, been dominated by religious faith but which of this Nation. The cases of our sub­ with none of the traditional political has sought many of the answers to the ques­ marine, aircraft and ABM programs are strengths behind him? tions of life in science ... _In their ad­ excellent examples of the folly of How has he managed such a durable 22- herence to scientific rationality they ... can­ year career in politics with "nothing going not accept guilt . . Many are afiluent and appointing boys to do a man's job. for him?" have grown up in suburban communities Competent appointees presuppose a com­ All you can say is, that since he has a ac­ where except for what they see on television petent and realistic President. This is complished this, he must have something they are shielded from the tragedies of the vital task for American voters in unusual on the ball ... something "up­ life . . . They are convinced that . . . man stairs." should be joyful and guiltless . . . November. For he certainly isn't up there on the basis "When a person raised with such beliefs By unanimous consent, I include the of his looks or his sparkling personality! encounters the harsh realities of life, he has article, "Bare Doubts United States Can 22716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 Match Russ Jets," from the Chicago nificant achievement and insert here­ and fraternity which we are recognizing Tribune of July 22, in the RECORD at this with, for inclusion in the RECORD, the fol­ today. point: lowing article from the Ossining, N.Y., We must remember, not only this week BARE DOUBTS UNITED STATES CAN MATCH Citizen Register: but every week, that there are millions Russ JETS CAPTAIN OF RESEARCH SHIP: 0SSINING'S behind the Iron Curtain who look to WASHINGTON, July 21.-Professional mili­ KAZIMIR Is SUB SKIPPER America for hope, encouragement and tary men have expressed serious concern Donald J. Kazimir, 34, a former U.S. Navy inspiration. It is our continuing task to over whether American aircraft can match submarine officer and a native of Ossining, seek ways to lessen the burdens of these the Soviet Union's jets, Senate testimony dis­ has been named skipper of the Grumman people, strengthen communications closed today. Aircraft Oorporation's research submarine, among the men and women of all na­ The testimony also showed that some navy PX-15. The ship, designed by oceanographer pilots are finishing :their combat training in M. Jacques Piccard, will be launched at West tions, and to renew our own faith so that actual missions in Viet Nam. Palm Beacih, Fla., Aug. 21 and will carry a we may better give encouragement and F-4 MAIN FIGHTER crew of six, including Kazimir and mission moral leadership to all who seek a life head Piccard. Gen. John P. McConnell, the air force chief of freedom. of staff, called it imperative that the United Mr. Kazimir is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Staites move as fast as possible to develop a Joseph Kazimir of 161 S. Highland Ave. He received an A.B. from Columbia University new FX fighter to counter the Soviet Union APPOINTMENT OF DR. MARSTON threat. in 1956 and the following year was awarded a graduate degree in industrial engineering AS DffiECTOR OF NIH Altho the Soviet Union now has a new from Columbia. Foxbat jet which may be the fastest plane in the world, McConnell said, the main Amer­ As captain of the 130-ton research sub­ ican fighter remains the F-4 which will be marine, he will participate in the Gulf HON. PAUL G. ROGERS Stream Drift Mission, a 1,500-mile submerged 15 years old in the mid-1970s. McConnell and OF FLORmA other military experts testified at hearings journey in that ocean current scheduled for before the Senate preparedness subcommit­ 1969. Diving into the Gulf Stream off West IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pa.Im Beach, the submarine and lt.s crew ot tee in May and early June. Monday, July 22, 1968 Sen. Stuart Symington [D., Mo.], a former six will drift at depths of 300 to 2,000 feet, secretary of the air force, told a top ranking propelled only by the underwater curre.nts Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, northward to a point off the Massachusetts civilian official, "All the experts I know feel coast. the wonderful progress that has been we have lost our desire to control the air, made in the medical sciences in recent and that therefore if we had a fight, unless The submarine skipper also completed we went to nuclear weapons, we would lose Basic Officers Submarine School, after two years should not be taken for granted. the air control. ..." years of U.S. Navy duty aboard the destroyer The progress that has been made was Alain C. Enthoven, assistant secretary of USS Savage. He was then assigned to the dependent on the hard work, dedication, defense, replied that speed is not the only submarine USS Hardhead, where his posts included those of electronics, weapons, oper­ and high-caliber leadership of our Na­ factor in air-to-air combat and mentioned ations, project, navigation and intelligence tion's medi·cal personnel. The recent missiles, long-range radar, and the ability to Q. destroy the enemy's ground bases. He argued officer. From 1965-1966 he was public affairs appaintment of Dr. Robert Marston the United States remains superior in air officer at the U.S. Naval Submarine Base in · as Director of the National Institutes of poweT, even though the numbers of commu­ New London, Connecticut. Prior to joining Health by Health, Education, and Wel­ nists and allied aircraft are now about equal. Grumman in 1967, he was assigned to the submarine USS Tench, where he served as fare Secretary Wilbur J. Cohen inspires RUSS DEVELOP 11 MODELS navigation and acting executive officer. my confidence that that progress will be Symington drew out testimony that the Y-r. Kazimir is married to the former Leila continued. There are few other people Soviet Union has developed 11 new fighter Caliendo. The couple and their two daugh­ in the medical profession whose record of models in the last decade, compared with 6 ters make their home in Lake Park, Fla. by the United States. Gen. G. P. Disosway, re­ innovative leadership and dedication can tiring as head of the tactical air command, match the record of Dr. Marston. called the new Soviet air-to-air combat abil­ A brilliant student, an able physician, ity "a most serious concern to us." CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK a Rhodes scholar, the dean of a medical Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, chief of naval school, Dr. Marston has served as the operations, told the subcommittee that some first director of the regional medical carrier-based pilots got their final "season­ HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. program and as the Administrator of the ing" over "less vulnerable areas" of Viet OF MARYLAND Nam. Health Services and Mental Health Ad­ Moorer said age and heavy combat damage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ministration. Dr. Marston faces a tre­ was keeping navy planes in the overhaul Wednesday, July 17, 1968 mendous challenge in his new position. pipelines for longer periods of time. This, in Mr. MATHIAS of Maryland. Mr. President Johnson, in his announcement tum, slowed the delivery of the planes to of Dr. Marston's appaintment, said: squadrons undergoing combat training. Speaker, more than a week after we Moorer said that no squadron commander celebrated our own Independence Day, Since 1950, as a result of medical progress, more th·an seven years have been added to woul~ send a pilot on a mission into a "high when we recalled with pride our own heritage of liberty and self-government, the average life span of American citizens. risk area" 1! he were not fully qualified. Diseases once thought hopeless are now treat­ we must also pause to refiect on the plight able and ourable--because of the work sup­ of the millions of people who find them­ ported by NIH. selves trapped in the orbit of Communist But still there are "hopeless" health prob­ OSSINING MAN SKIPPERS SUB rule. lems which have not yielded fully to the These people can not share the free­ energy and genlus of medical researchers. I am urging the scientific and medical com­ HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER dom and independence which we enjoy, munity to tackle these problems anew-in OF NEW YORK nor can they share in the economic well­ a great effort to cut the death rate from being which a free enterprise system IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES serious diseases 10 per cent by 1976, when confers. Recent events have dramatized we celebrate our nation's 200th anniversary. Monday, July 22, 1968 again that depth of their desire for the Dr. Ma.rston's leadership, I hope will con­ Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am al­ conditions and the climate of liberty, and tribute mightily to that goal." ways pleased to call to our colleagues' the enduring strength of their determi­ I believe that Dr. Marston will suc­ attention the outstanding accomplish­ nation eventually to be free. cessfully respond to the President's chal­ ments of my constituents. America has historically close ties with lenge. The New York Times recently Recently, Mr. Donald J. Kazimir, a the peoples of these now-captive na­ described his success in gaining the ac­ native of Ossining, N.Y., and a former tions. From our Nation's earliest days, ceptance and cooperation of the Nation's Navy submarine officer, was selected to many of their sons and daughters have doctors with the regional health pro­ command the PX-15, Grumman Aircraft helped to build our country, and while grams as "a triumph of diplomacy." I Corp. 's research submarine. making their mark as Americans have wish the good doctor many more similar I commend Mr. Kazimir on this sig- also maintained the bonds of friendship triumphs in the years to come. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22717 ABE FORTAS OPPOSED BY CITIZENS during the October 1966 Term. The same recent changes in the criminal law area, so FOR DECENT LITERATURE pattern was followed by Justice Fortas in ably documented by Senator Ervin in his his handling of the 26 additional cases which presentation to this Committee. Never be­ were ruled upon by the Court, during the fore, however, have the members of the court HON. JOHN R. RARICK recent October 1967 Term, which ended in acted in a manner which so completely un­ June of this year. A summary of these cases masks their own individual performances. OF LOUISIANA including the subject matter involved and This they did in the obscenity decisions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the legal citations thereto is offered for fl.l­ handed down in May and June Of 1967. Monday, July 22, 1968 ing with this statement as Exhibit C. We The common issue in all of these recent find good reason in these decisions for re­ court storm centers is whether the judg­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Abe Fortas sponding to Justice Fortas' invitation for ments of the court are grounded upon con­ has earned his role as Mr. Obscenity, "open criticism." (See Evening Star, July 16, stitutional principle or upon the persona.I based upon his extremist notions that 1968 at page 4-5.) judgments of the individual members. If the parents and society in general should In his "testimony, Justice Fortas has agreed Senator Ervin has not convinced you that have no power or right to establish a pat­ that "the public is entitled to know" his the recent developments 1n criminal law pro­ judicial philosophy, but has declined to com­ cedures are based upon personal judgments, tern of morals or dignity as to what con­ ment on his opinions under the constitu­ as he has urged, it is only because semantics stitutes decent literature. tional privileges, upon the grounds that his plays such a large part in masking the indi­ I feel the testimony of Mr. James J. beliefs are "spread on the record" of three vidual philosophy of the judges concerned. Clancy on behalf of the executive board terms of the Court (Washington Post, Fri­ The average person is aware that the results of Citizens for Decent Literature should day, July 19, 1968 at Page A6). While this reached appear to be clearly wrong, but is clearly establish in the minds of every may be so in other areas of the law we are confused when he is told by judges in the parent and believer in a decent society of the opinion that his statement would re­ majority opinion that the Court is following quire an amendment, 1f the question were "Constitutional principles." The same diffi­ that Mr. Fortas is unfit to slt as the chief pressed as to its relevance insofar as ob­ culty does not exist when one analyzes the officer of the U.S. Supreme Court. I in­ scenity cases are concerned, 20 of the 23 cases court's recent action in obscenity cases, for clude Mr. Clancy's statement in opposi­ reversed during the 1966 October Term, in­ there is a common reference in obscenity tion to Fortas' confirmation in the cluding the Shackman case referred to here­ matters-a norm which all of the legalisms RECORD: inafter were without an opinion to discuss known to our system of Government cannot the facts or conduct of the cruse and the confound or confuse. That reference is the STATEMENT OF CrrIZENS FOR DECENT LrrERA­ reasoning involved. In the other 3 cases, only contemporary community standards. No TURE, INC., RELATING TO JUSTICE FORTAS' one brief majority opinion was fl.led and that amount of legal semantics emanating from PARTICIPATION IN OBSCENITY DECISION opinion was not written by Justice Fortas. the most learned of counsel can mislead the DuRING THE 1966 AND 1967 U.S. SUPREME The cases decided by the Court during the average citizen's understanding of what is COURT OCTOBER TERMS, AND IN OPPOSITION recent 1967 October Term were also without fl.Ith-what is beyond the contemporary com­ TO Hrs CONFIRMATION AS CHIEF JUSTICE OF an opinion to discuss the facts or conduct munity standards-what is destructive of THAT COURT of the case and the reasoning involved. In public morals. The many findings in the Mr. Chairman, Honorable Senators, my actuality, the materials and facts involved in lower courts in the cases herein considered name is James J. Clancy. I am an att;orney. I these cases are very effectively "buried" in (see Exhibit "C") bear this out. None Of the appear before this Committee at the direc­ the records of the Courts below. materials involved have any relevancy what­ tion of the Executive Board of the national While Justice Fortas voted with the ma­ soever to "Speeoh," or constitutionally pro­ organization Citizens for Decent Literature, jority to affirm the convictions of Ginzburg tected values. In this connection, I would Inc. (short title, CDL) to oppos..J the confir­ and Mishkin during the 1965 October Term, like to suggest to Senators Ervin and Thur­ mation of Associate Justice Abe Fortas as his vote in those cases is completely contra­ mond that these obscenity cases are the com­ Chief Justice of the United States Supreme dicted by the position taken by him in the mon denominators which explain and lay Court. These remarks are also made on following two terms of the Court. His vote open for inspection to the non-lawyer just behalf of three of CDL's legal counsels: At­ in Ginzburg can be understood when one what is happening in the U.S. Supreme Court torney Charles H. Keating, Jr. of Cincinnati, considers the great weight that he accords in other areas Of the laws. Ohio, the founder of CDL, Attorney Ray T. to the right of privacy (See his dissenting If one is to make use of this common Dreher of St. Louis, Missouri and myself, an vote in Time v. H1ll). The evidence upon reference in an analysis of the obscenity de­ attorney from Los Angeles, California. which Ginzburg's indictments were based cisions it is necessary that the Court's opin­ Citizens for Decent Literature, Inc., an was advertising materials which Ginzburg ions be considered in the light of the subject Ohio Corporation was founded over ten years had addressed to a boy's school, and mem­ matter involved. Without an understanding ago by a group of concerned businessmen bers of clerical and religious organizations. of the materials that the court is passing on, and family heads, under the leadership of However, this facet of the case was not men­ the court's judgments lose much of their Att;orney Charles H. Keating, Jr. of Cincin­ tioned in the majority opinion in which he significance. We have therefore in the docu­ natl, Ohio. These individuals took a look at joined, nor was the majority opinion based mentary presented visually the actual ma­ the condition of the materials appearing on upon that legal principle. His vote in the terials involved in each of the cases discussed. the neighborhood news stands and became Mishkin case is completely irreconcilable The type of materials brought before the alarmed at what they saw creeping onto the with his voting in the 1966 and 1967 Term High Court in the 1966 October Term was American scene. They formed a community cases, particularly Friedman v. N.Y. dealing uniform. There were 20 sex paperback books. organization with two objectives in mind: with almost identical material and Lee Arts Their titles were: "Sex Life of a Cop", "Lust (1) To alert the community to the nature Theatre v. Virginia, in which the Court took School" "Lust Web" "Sin Servant" "Lust of the obscenity problem, and an extreme position regarding the seizure of Pool", ~'Shame Agei:{t", "Lust Job':, "Sin (2) To press for enforcement of the ob­ obscene materials. Whisper", "Orgy House'', "Sin Hooked", scenity laws-laws which the history of our Citizens for Decent Literature, Inc. has re­ "Bayoo Sinner", "Lust Hungry", "Shame Government has proven essential to the de­ cently completed a 35 mm. slide fl.Im docu­ Shop", "Flesh Pots", "Sinners Seance", "Pas­ velopment of good family living. This move­ mentary of the October 1966 term decisions. sion Priestess" "Penthouse Pagans", "Shame ment spread throughout the United States A copy of the first draft of the script for this Agent", "Sin Warden" and "Flesh Avenger": and before long, the individual local com­ documentary has been submitted for filing 12 bondage books; a series of photographs of munity organizations joined in this nation­ with this Committee as Exhibit A to our nude females in provocative poses with focus al organization with headquarters in Cin­ letter of July 16 requesting permission to ap­ on the public area and suggested invitations cinnati, Ohio. pear before this Committee, and is at this to sexual relations; 8 motion picture films of Just recently the Congress of the United time offered for fl.ling with this statement as the strip-tease type; 10 girlie magazines; one States also became alarmed. In Public Law Exhibit "A". The documentary traces the his­ nudist magazine, and 2 home-made so-called 90-100, signed into law this year, that body, tory of the 26 cases from their origin in the "underground" films. Photographs of each of in establishing a Commission on obscenity trial court, up to the final decision of the the actual Exhibits are offered for fl.ling with and pornography, declared in its findings of United States Supreme Court and shows pic­ this statement as Exhibit D. fact that the obscenity traffic was "a matter torially the materials involved. A short 30 An overall impression of Justice Fortas' of national concern." The event which mo­ minute slide adaptation of the same is avail­ philosophy can be gleaned from the fact that tivated Congress to act was a series of ob­ able for your viewing. he voted to reverse the Jury and State Court scenity decisions handed down in May and The disturbing feature of the decisions obscenity determinations in each of the cases June of 1967 in which the United States handed down in May and June 1967 which he acted upon, during the 1966 and 1967 Supreme Court reversed 23 of 26 State and prompted the formulation of this dooumen­ Terms. A more precise understanding of his Federal obscenity determinations. The com­ tary was the radical departure of the present philosophy in the obscenity area can be munity standards of 13 states were upset. court from its historic position, which has gained from a consideration of his vote in Eight findings of fact by juries were re­ always supported the people's position in the Shackman vs. California, decided in June of versed. Justice Fortas participated in every enforcement of the Nation's obscenity laws. 1967. In that case, three strip tease films en­ one of these decisions, and in each instance The modern court has been responsible for titled "0-7", "0-12" and "D-15" were ruled voted to reverse the findings of the juries a developing change in the past ten years in hard core pornography by Federal District and courts below. Those cases were decided the obscenity area which parallels closely the Judge Hauk, a Los Angeles Jury, and the 22718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 California Appellate system. Those determi­ adverse to the people's interest. Senator Scott conversation referred to was between William nations were reversed in the United States noted this same phenomenon in Report No. Hamling (this time doing business as Supreme Court by a 5-4 decision, with Jus­ 1097 of the Omnibus Crime Control Act of Corinth Publications, Inc., the publisher of tice Fortas casting the deciding vote. This 1967. He said: "To those who say that a Court "Sin Whisper.'') and Homer Young, FBI judgment is representative of his actions in decision cannot 'cause' crime, I would remind Agent in charge of the Los Angeles Section the other cases. them of the excellent communication's sys­ on Obscenity and took place in Palm Springs, A copy of the 14-minute strip-tease· film tem of the underworld. . . . One need not California, in February of 1965. entitled "0-7," which Justice Fortas voted be a legal scholar to sense the tendency of Justice Fortas' vote in the "Sin Whisper" not obscene, has been submitted for filing the law, and where it is felt that a 'technical­ and the other like paperback book cases was with this Committee as Exhibit B to our ity' will prevent prosecution, the result is contrary to that cast by his predecessor, As­ letter of July 16 and is at this time offered bolder action. I have been following the de­ sociate Justice Arthur Goldberg. When such for filing with this statement as Exhibit "B". velopments in this area for ten years and can materials came before that Justice his vote I personally viewed the motion picture film say, without exaggeration, that the 1966 was cast for a denial of certiorari (See, for "0-7" at the time that it was an Exhibit in Term reversals were the causative factor example, his vote in People vs. Fried, in­ the United States Supreme Court case, and which brought about, subsequent to June volving "College for Sinners" decided June can attest that the copy filed with this Com­ 1967, a release of the greatest deluge of hard 22, 1964.) mittee is an exact copy of the fi lm considered core pornography ever witnessed by any Na­ Citizens for Decent Literature, Inc. is by Justice Fortas and the United States Su­ tion-and this at a time when statistics indi­ deeply concerned by this recent turn in preme Court in the Shackman case. I would cate a pronounced breakdown in public mor­ events. Justice Fortas will continue to sit like to emphasize that the one and only als and general movement toward sexual upon the Court as an Associate Justice, and issue passed upon by the Court in that case degeneracy throughout the Nation." we entertain small hope that his personal was whether or not the films "0-7", "0-12" If as Justice Fortas indicates, the constitu­ convictions on this subject will change in and "D-15" were constitutionally protected, tion ls a moving document which takes into the ensuing years. Nevertheless, we oppose and that the 5-4 Shackman decision held account the social needs of our time, it would his nomination as Chief Justice on the that they were, with Justice Fortas casting appear that the drastic change encountered grounds that the authority that goes with the deciding vote. in these decisions runs contrary to the expe­ the Office of Chief Justice will place the The nature of the material appearing in rience we are presently witnessing. If social nominee in a position of prominence from the motion picture film entitled "0-7" was engineering is a factor in these decisions, which he can give greater propulsion to what described by Federal District Judge Hauk in then from our philosophical viewpoint it is appears to be a calculated personal determi­ 258 F Supp. 983, wherein he ruled the three being applied in the wrong direction. nation to abrogate the Nation's obscenity films to be hard core pornography: laws, which is the only conclusion which can "The film "0-7" is virtually the same as We also respectfully call this Committee's be drawn from his voting record in obscenity Exhibit 1. The model wears a garter belt and attention to the possible conflict of interest cases since his appointment to the Court. sheer transparent panties through which the described in the CDL Documentary on the The 30 minute color slide documentary on pubic hair and external parts of the genitalia 1966 Term decisions. See Exhibit A at Page the 1966 October Term decisions and the 14- are clearly visible ... At one time the model 22, beginning at Line 1. That part of the minute motion picture film "0-7", clea.red by pulls her panties down so that the pubic hair text reads: Justice Fortas in the Shackman case, irre­ is exposed to view . . . the focus of the "A paper back entitled, 'Sin Whisper' from futably bear this out. We respectfully re­ camera is emphasized on the pubic and rectal the same mold as those ruled to be hard-core quest that the individual Senators view and region, and the model continuously uses her pornography by the Kansas Supreme Court consider these materials before they cast tongue and mouth to simulate a desire for, or was before the Georgia Supreme Court on their votes in this matter. enjoyment of, acts of a sexual nature. The I would like to add a few personal observa­ dominant themes of the material, taken December 18, 1966. That court described the materials as: 'The book entitled "Sin Whis­ tions of my own. Justice Fortas' opinions as a whole, appeals to a prurient interest in per" is composed substantially of lengthy demonstrate a wide tolerance as to the type sex of the viewer and is patently offensive of conduct which is acceptable to public in its emphasis on the genital and rectal detailed, and vivid accounts of preparation fer the acts of normal and abnormal sexual morals, particularly is this so in the area of areas, clearly showing the pubic hair and the obscenity crime. He also has a high re­ external parts of the female genital area. The relations between and among its charac­ ters. . . . The book . . . considered as a gard for the right of privacy-which has film is entirely without artistic or literary only recently emerged in the discussions on significance and ts utterly without redeeming whole has as its predominant appeal the arousing of prurient interest in the average constitutional rights. Both of these are per­ social importance." sonal characteristics derived from his cul­ The nature of the material appearing in man of our national community ... has no redeeming literary or social value or impor­ tural and environmental background. It has the film "0-12" is described by Federal Dis­ always been stated that personal character­ trict Judge Hauk with equal clarity in the tance and goes substantially beyond the cus­ istics like these are expected to be sup­ same opinion. tomary limits of candor in description and representation of its subject matter and ... pressed when constitutional judgments are "The film, "0-12" ... was viewed by the being made. That they have not ls an index judged as a whole by Georgia statutory of the strength of Justice Fortas' personality. court. The film consists of a female model standards ... is obscene .... The book is clothed in a white blouse opened in front, a filthy and disgusting. Further description ls Not only is Justice Fortas a strong man; half-bra which exposes the upper half of the not necessary and we do not wish to sully he has displayed a fine literary style. In breasts including the nipples and a pair of the pages of the reported opinions of this his book on Civil Disobedience the Justice white capri pants (which are soon discarded) states that if he had lived in Germany in under which the model wears a pair of sheer court with it." Hitler's day he i1opes that he would have panties through which the pubic hair and "The publisher, Corinth Publications, Inc., opposed Hitler's judgment. Borrowing from region are clearly visible. The film consists of a corporation wholly owned by William his "Walter Middy" style, I would like to the model moving and undulating upon a Hamling, once told investigating law en­ conclude with the comment that I like to bed, moving her hands, and lips and torso, all forcement officers that they should go back think that if I were a U.S. Senator in 1968 clearly indicative of engaging in sexual ac­ t") chasing spies and that he could beat them I would, in evaluating Justice Fortas' con­ tivity, including simulated intercourse and anywhere in the United States; that he hired duct in the obscenity area have the courage invitations to engage in intercourse. There i1"> the best attorneys and that one of these to put aside political considerations and no music, sound, story-line or dancing other was Abe Fortas in Washington, who could fix vote on the merits alone, keeping in mind than exaggerated body movements. On at anything no matter who was in power. He the past warning of Daniel Webster, revered least three occasions, the female by lip artic­ further boasted that he had paid Fortas as one of the five greatest Senators of this ulation is observed to state, --- you.' ~11,000 to get his mailing permit for the girlie Nation when he said: '---me'. The dominant theme of the film magazine 'Rogue.' Fortas' law firm had in "Good intention will always be pleaded taken as a whole, obviously is designed to 1967 filed an amlcus brief on behalf of for every assumption of power . . . It is appeal to the prurient interest in the sex of Greenleaf Publishing Co., publisher of hardly too strong to say that the Constitu­ the viewer and is patently offensive in that 'Rogue,' urging the reversal of the Roth con­ tion was made to guard the people against viction. On December 14, 1966, Corinth Publi­ the focus of the camera returns again and the dangers of good intentions. There are again to the genital and rectal areas clearly cations, Inc., filed its appeal in the United men in all ages who mean to govern well, but showing the pubic hair and the outline of the States Supreme Court. This time Hamling had a new attorney. His ex-attorney Abe they mean to govern. They promise to be external parts of the female genital area. The good masters but they mean to be Masters." film is entirely without artistic or literary Fortas had been appointed to the bench and was to sit in judgment on his former Left unchecked the personal judgments significance and is utterly without redeeming of today become the constitutional principles social importance." client's claims." Justice Fortas' appearance in Roth vs. of tomorrow. In this connection, I would like Because of this decision, such films, and to refer the following Senators on this Com­ others going substantially beyond, are now U.S. as counsel for amicus curiae, Greenleaf mittee to certain decisions discussed in this appearing in neighborhood movies and, from Publishing Company urging the reversal of statement which have affected their state: reports that I have received from various Roth's conviction on an obscenity charge for Senator Hugh Scott, Pennsylvania vs. Dell parts of this Nation, in open air theaters. The sending his materials through the mails, is Publications, Inc., 233 Atlantic 2nd 840, par­ Smut industry takes its direction from the documented in 1 L Ed 2 at Page 2208. Wil­ ticularly the dissenting opinion of Associate High Court's decisions, advancing a giant liam Hamling was then doing business as Justice Musmanno, Senator Hart Aday vs. step forward each time that the United Greenleaf Publishing Company, the publish­ U.S.-F2-. States Supreme Court hands down a decision er of Rogue, a girlie magazine. The four-hour Thank. you. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22719

OCTOBER TERM, 1966

Case number, 1966 term Date filed Title Case exhibits

2 (39)(793) ______, _____ Dec. 29, 1964 Keney v. N.Y. (Jury) ______3 paperback books (Nightstand and Midnight Reader): "Lust School", "Lust Web" (MR 484) Copyright1963, Midnight Reader; "Sin Servant" (NB 1651) Copyright 1963, Nightstand Books, Reversed 18 L. ED . 2d 1302 (June 12, 1967). 3 (72) (1073) ______Redrup v. NY. (Court) ______2 paperback books: "Lust Pool" and "Shame Agent" Ember Book (EB 943) Copyright 1964 by Ember Books. Reversed 18 L. Ed . 2d 515 (May 8, 1967). 7 (137) (1161) ______May 13, 1965 Friedman v. N.Y. (Court) ______9 bondage books and magazines: "Bondage Boarding School", "English Spanking School" "Bound and Spanked", "Sweeter Gwen", " Traveling Saleslady Gets Spanked", "Bound to Please", "Bizarre Summer Rivalry", "Heat Wave", "hcape Into Bondage, Book No. 2". Reversed 18 L. Ed . 2d 1303 (June 12, 1967) 10 (285) ______June 24, 1965 Ratner v. Calif. (Jury) ______Girlie film: "Honey Bee." Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 1305 (June 12, 1967). 16 (453) ______Aug. 13, 1965 Austin v. Ky. (Jury) ______2 girlie magazines: "High Heels, Vol. 2, No. 6," " Spree, No. 38," Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 515 (May 8, 1957). 2 (544) ______Sept. 7, 1965 Cobert v. N.Y. (Court) ______3 girlie films: "June Palmer No. 2," "M. Jordan," "June Tracy." Opinion below reported in 15 NY 21020 207 NE 2619, Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 1305 (June 12, 1967). 26 (626) ______Sept. 28, 1965 Sheperd v. N.Y. (Court) ______Bondage book: "Promenade Bondage Vol. 4." Lewis v. N.Y. (Court) ______------Nude photos & 2 bondage books "Bondage Annual No. l " , "Spanking Sisters". Bloomberg v. N.Y. (Court) ______2 bondage books: "Bondage Annual No. 1", "Spanking Sisters". All reversed, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1306 (June

50 (874) ______Jan. 4, 1966 Gent v. ' Arkansas (Jury) ______8 l~girlie, ~967). magazines. • • II Cavalcade " , II Gentlemen " , II Ace " , II Sir• " , II Gent " , II Swank II , II Modern Man II, "Bachelor". Opinion Below Reported in 239 Ark 474, 393 5W2 219. Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 535 (May 8, ' 1967). 72 (1008) ______Feb. 11, 1966 Avansino v. N.Y. (Court) ______Nude photographs of females in provocative poses. Sessa v. N.Y. (Court) ______Case 1-Nude color photos (female). Case 2-Nude photos (females). Stombelline v. N.Y. (Court) ______Case 1-Bondage book: " Promenade Bondage". Case 2-Nude photos (female). Gaggi v. N.Y ______Nude photos (female). Costanza v. N.Y. (Court) ______Nude photos (female). All reversed 18 L.Ed. 2d 1308 (June 12, 1967). 149(1329) ______May 18, 1966 Aday v. U.S. (Jury) ______Paperoack book : " Sex Life of a Cop", Saber Book (SA 11) Copyr;ght 1558, Fresno, Calif. Opinion Below Reported in - F2 -. Reversed 18 L. Ed . 2d 1309 (June 12, 1967). 227 (1409) ______June 13, 1966 Corinth Publications, Inc. v. Wesberry Paperback book "Evening Reader" (ER 768), " Sin Whisper". Copyright 1964, Corinth Publications, San (Court). Diego, Calif. Opinion Below Reported in 221 Ga 704, 146 SE2 764. Reversed 18 L. Ed . 2d 1310(J.une 12, 1967). 323 ______July 8, 1966 Books, Inc. v. U.S.(Jury) ______Paperback book "Lust Job". Opinion Below Reported in - F2 - . Reversed 18 L. Ed.2d 1311 (Junel2, 1967). 332------July 9, 1966 The Bookcase, Inc. v. Leary (Court) ______Declaratory Judgment re Statute Opinion Below Reported in-.- NE2 --. Dismissed for lack of proper question, 17 L. Ed. 2d 1 11 (October 10, 1966). 366 ______July 19, 1966 Rosenbloom v. Va. (Court) ______Nudist magazines: "Solis" plus others. Reversed 18 L. Ed . 2d 1312(June12, 1967). 616------Sept 30, 1966 Wenzler v. Pitchess (Court) ______Girlie film "First Fling"-a habeas corpus action brought by the defendant after the U.S. Supreme Court refused to grant certiorari in Wenzler v. Calif., 12 L. Ed. 2d 1047 (June 22, 1964); rehearing denied in 13 L. Ed. 2d 77 (October 12, 1964). Petition for certiorari again denied in 18 L. Ed. 2d 1351 (June 12, 1967). 660 ______Oct 11, 1966 Jacobs v. N.Y. (Court) ______Underground "art" film: "Flaming Creatures". Held to be "moot'', 18 L. Ed. 2d 1294(June12, 1967). 865 _____ ------___ Dec. 14, 1966 A Quantity of Books v. Kansas (Court) _____ 11 "Nightstand" tyoe paperbacks (ldlehour, Ember Book, Evening Reader, Sundown Reader, Leisure Book): "Sin Hooked", "Bayou Sinners", "Lust Hungry", "Shame Shop", "Flesh Pot", "Sinner's,,Sea~c~"· "Passion Priestess", "Penthouse Pagans" , "Shame Market'', "Sin Warden", "Flesh Avenger . Opinion Below Reported in 197 Kan 306, 416 P2 703. Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 1314 (June 12, 1967). S96 ______Dec. 22, 1966 Mazes v. Ohio (Jury) ------~ ------Paperback book "Orgy House'', " Merit Books" published by Camerarts Publ. Co., 2715 No. Pulaski Rd. Chicago, 111. Opinion Below Reported in 3 Ohio App 2, 90, 209 N Es2 496 and 7 Ohio St 136, 218 N E2 725. Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 1315 (June 12, 1967). 9711 ______Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. Dallas ______Involving constitutionality of Dallas Movie Classification Ordinance. No disposition during October Term, 1966, Opinion Below Reported in --F2-, Certiorari granted and judgment reversed 20 L Ed2--(May 6, 1968). 9782 ______Dallas v. Interstate Circuit, Inc ______Involving constitutionality of Dallas Movie Classification Ordinance. No disposition during October Term, 1966. Opinion Below Reported in -- F2 --, Certiorari granted and Judgment reversed 20 L Ed2 -- - - (May 6, 1968). 993 ______' ______Tannenbaum v. N.Y. (Court) ______Sal.e of girlie magazine "Candid" to 17-yr. old minor in violation of Sect. 484-1 (N.Y. Minor's Statute) held to be "moot". Opinion Below Reported in 18 NY2, 268, 220 NE2 783. Reversed by 18 L.Ed.2d 1300 (June 12, 1967). 995 ______Jan. 23, 1967 Shackman v. Calif. (Jury) ______3 girlie films: D- 15, 0-7 and 0- 12. No opinion Below, but see 258 F Supp 983. Reversed 18 L. Ed. 2d 1316 - (June 12, 1967). 1022 s______Feb. 11, 1967 Ginsberg v. N.Y. (Court) ______Sale of girlie magazines: "Mr. Annual, Fall 1965" and "Sir, Decals" to 16-yr. old minor in violation of Seel 484-H (N.Y. Minor's Statute). 1088 ______Feb. 23, 1967 Holding v. Blankenship ______Involving action taked by Oklahoma Censor Board. Opinion Below Reported in 259 F Supp 694. Reversed 18 L.Ed . 2d 585 (May 15, 1967). 1089 ______Feb. 23, 1967 Blankenship v. Holding ______Involving action taken by Oklahoma Censor Board. Opinion Below Reported in 259 F Supp 694. Oklahoma statute held unconstitutional, 18 L.Ed .2d 686 (May 15, 1967). 56, 1109 i ______Interstate Circuit Inc. v. Dallas (Court) ____ _ Application of Dallas Movie Classification Ordinance to film "Viva Maria". Opinion Below Reported in 402 SW2 770. 64, 1155 "------Mar. 16, 1967 United Artists Corp. v. Dallas (Court)______Do. 1164 ______Mar. 18, 1967 Landau v. Fording (Cou ;t) ______Declaratory Judgment that und!!rground "art" film, "Un Chant D'Amour" was obscene Opinion Below · Reported in 245 Cal. App 2-, 54 Cal. Rptr lg77. Judgment affirmed 18 L. Ed . 2d 1317 (June 12, 1967) 1186 ______Mar. 24, 1967 Shackman v. Arneberg (Court) ______Federal Court action attacking prosecution of 3 girlie films: D-15, 0-7 and 0-12. Opinion Below Reported in 258 F Supp 983. Appeal dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, 18 L.Ed.2d 865 (May 29, 1967). 1189 ______Mar. 24, 1967 Luros v. Superior Court of Calif. (Court) ____ Attempt to ha lt criminal prosecution; petition lorc ertiorari denied, 18 L. Ed . 2d 597 (May 8, 1967). 1178! ______Apr. 17, 1967 Fort v. City of Miami (Court) ______Miami Scul ptors Outdoor Display of figures depicting sex acts (cunnilingus, fellatio, etc.). No disposition during October Term, 1966. 1394 s______May 15, 1967 Potomac News Co. v. U.S. (Court) ______Nudist magazine " Hellenic Sun No. 2". Opi nion Below Reported in 373 F2 635. No disposition during October . Term, 1966. 306 miscellaneous ______Conrad Chance v. Calif______Criminal Prosecution. 12 photos of female nudes. Certiorari granted. Ju dgment reversed, 19 L.Ed . 2d 256 (Nov. 6, 1967). No opinion reported below. 259 ______June 19, 1967 Glen Conner v . . City of Hammond (Jury Sale of girlie magaz ines: "Escapade, Dec. 1964", " Dude Nov. 1964", " Rogue, Dec. 1964", "Gent" Nov. 1 a .. d Court) 1964, "Cavalier, Oct. 1964," " Knight, Vol. 41, Issue 9' . Certiorari granted. Judgment reversed 19 L.Ed . 2d 47 ( Oct. 23, 1967). Judment below unreported. 260 ______June 19, 1967 • l.M. Amusement Corp. v. Ohio (Court) ____ _ Exhibition of 16mm. girlie film "Artists Models". Judgment below, 226 N.E. 2d 567 . Appeal granted. Judgment reversed 19 L. Ed . 2d 776 (Jan. 15, 1966). 323 ______July . 3, 1967 Ramona Bennett and Moira C. Morse v. Topless bar case. Prosecution under "Sir Charles Sedley's Statute"-lewd exhibition. Certiorari denied, Calif. (Jury). 19 L. Ed. 2d 478 (Dec. 4, 1967). Judgment below unreported. 368 ______July 14, 1967 Central Magazine Sales, Ltd. v. U.S. (Court)_ Girlie magazine "Exclusive" ard male nudist magazines: "Revue International Vol. 6" and "International Nudist Sun, Vol. 16" Opinion below reported in 373 F. 2d 633. Certiorari granted. Judgment reversed, 19 L. Ed . 2d 49 (Oct. 23, 1967). 430 ______July 28, 1967 G.l. Distributors, Inc. v. New York (Court) __ Criminal Prosecution. "Grecian Guild Studio Quarterly". Opinion below reported in 228 N.E.2d 787. Certiorari denied, 19 L. Ed. 2d 219 (Oct. 16, 1967). 594 ______Sept. 8, 1967 Arthur Levin v. Maryland (Court) ______Criminal Prosecution. 3 sets of nude male photos. Opinion below reported in 228 A2d 487. Certiorari denied, • 19 L. Ed. 2d 840 (Jan. 15, 1968). , . 611------Sept. 13, 1967 Rabeck v. Beck N.Y. (Court) ______Sale of girlie magazines: "Snap" Vol. 2, No. 8, and "Trojan" Vol. 3, No. 4 to minor in violation of Sect. 484.,-i (N.Y. Minor's Statute). See Tannenbaum v. N.Y. (supra) Cf. Ginsberg v. N.Y. (supra). No opinion below. Appeal granted Judgment Reversed May 27, 1968, B2 188. 679 ______Oct. 3, 1967 Robert-Arthur Management Corp. v. Injunction. 35 mm. motion picture film " Mondo Freudo" Opinion below reported in 414 S.W. 2d 638. Appeal Tennessee ex rel Phil M. Canale, Dist. granted. Judgment reversed, 19 L. Ed 2d 777 (Jan. 15, 1968). Atty General (Court). 729 ______: ___ Oct. 16, 1967 Samuel Ratner v. Calif. (Jury)------r---- - Criminal prosecution. Count I-Bondage book, "Bondage Cabin". Count 11-8 mm . . bondage film, "The Count". Count II I- Advertising brochure. (Special Advertising Statute). (Jan. 29, 1968). No opinion below. Certiorari Denied, 19 L. Ed. 2d 983. 787______Nov. ,6.1967 Teitel Film Corp v. Cusack (Court) ______Motion Pic,ture Censor Boa~d refused to grant license 35-mm. motion picture films: "Rent-A-Girl" and "Body of a Female". Appeal granted. Opinion below reported in 230 N.E. 2d 241. Judgment reversed on procedural grounds. No determination on obscenity issue. 19 l. Ed . 2d 966 (Jan. 29, 1968). 880 ______Dec. 4, 1967 Wm. C. Bray v. Calif. (Jury) ____ ------Criminal Prosecution. Sale of paperback book "Just For Kicks" Satan Press 111. No. opinion Below. Certiorari denied. 20 L Ed 2-(Mar. 18, 1968). 921______Dec. 16, 1967 Samuels v. Calif. (Jury) ______Aggravated assault(Sadism and masochism in films). Opinion below reported in 58 Cal. Rptr 439. Certiorari Denied 20 L Ed 2- ( Apr. 22, _1968).

Footnotes at end o~ table. CXIV--1432-Part 17 22720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968

OCTOBER TERM, 1966-Continued

Case number, 1966 term Date filed Title Case exhibits

32------Dec. 18, 1967 Percy Henry v. Louisiana (Court) ______Criminal Prosecution. Sale of girlie ma'1azines: "Gem" Vol. 7, No. 3, "Carnival" Vol. 12'vNo. 1, "Rogue" Vol. 10, No. 1, "Sir" Vol. 21 No. 6 "Ace"' Vol. 8 No. 4, "Caper" Vol. 11, No. 2, "Jaguar" ol. 1, No. 2, "Gent" Vol. 8, No. 9, "Wildcat'' Vol. 5, No. 6, "Sir Year Book, Fall, 1964" "Nugget" Vol. 9, No. 4, Opinion below reported in 198 So.2d 889. Appeal dismissed but Certiorari granted and Judgment Reversed 20 L Ed 2,­ (June 19, 1968). 94 ______Dec. 21, 1967 Felton v. City of Pensacola (Court) ______Criminal Prosecution. Sale of nudist magazines. Opinion below reported in 200 So. 2d 842. Certiorari granted. Judgment reversed . 20 L Ed 3-(Mar. 11 , 1968). 366------Dec. 28, 1967 Pennsylvania v. Dell Publications, Inc. Petition for certiorari by Dist. Atty of Philade~phia County..r Pa. to review Pennsylvania Supreme Courtdeter- (Court). mination holding "Candy" not obscene. Denied 20 L td. - . Certiorari (Mar. 4, 1958). 997 ______Jan. 8, 1968 Lee Art Theater, Inc. v. Virgina (Jury) ___ __ Criminal Prosecution. 35 mm. motion picture films "Erotic Touch of Hot Skin" and "Rent-A-Girl". As to latter film, see Teitel Film Corp. v. Cusack, supra. No opinion below. Certiorari granted and judgment reversed on Search and Seizure grounds only 20 L Ed 2, - (June 19, 1968). 1092------Feb. 7, 1968 Reed Enterprises v. Clark (court) ______Constitutionality of Federal statute permitting prosecution in juris of distribution. Affirmed 20 L Ed 2, - (Mar. 25, 1968). 1124------Feb. 15, 1968 California v. Noroff (Court) ______Petition for certiorari by Los Angeles City Attorney to review California Supreme Court's decision holding male nudist magazine, "International Nudist Sun" Vol. 1, No. 5, protected. Conflicting opinions. 58- Cal Rptr 172 and 63 Cal. Rptr 575. Compare Central Mag. Sales v. U.S. supra. Certiorari denied 20 L Ed 2-(Apr. 8, 1968). 1235------Mar. 15, 1969 Sturman v. U.S. (Court)------Petition for certiorari to review Circuit Court of Appeals, 6th Circuit, decision against Sturman's appeal of grand jury subpoenas. Certiorari Denied 20 L Ed 2-(May 6, 1968).

t Redesignated as Case No. 42 on October Term, 1967 calendar. a Redesignated as Case No. 91 on October Term 1967 calendar. Certiorari denied 19 L. Ed. 2d 2 Redesignated as Case No. 44 on October Term, 1967 calendar. 498 (Dec. 4, 1967). a Jurisdiction noted in 18 L.Ed. 2d 1344(June12, 1967). Redesignated as Case No. 47 on October, 6 Redesignated as Case No. 164 on October Term 1967 Calendar. Certiorari granted and judg­ 1967 calendar. Oral arguments heard January 16, 1968. Affirmed. 20 L. Ed. 2d-. ment reversed, 19 L. Ed. 2d 46 (Oct. 23, 1967). 'Jurisdiction noted in 18 L.Ed. 2d 620 (May 15, 1967). Redesignated as Case Nos. 56 and 64 on October Term, 1967 calendar. Oral arguments heard January 16, 1968. Reversed, 20 L. Ed 2d-.

PERSECUTION OF HUNGARIANS IN Our Government, which was born in York [Mr. DuLSKIJ, the chairman of the RUMANIA AND NUCLEAR REACTOR liberty and freedom, must always ex­ Post Office and Civil Service Committee. emplify civil rights, human rights, in­ Our mail service has been deteriorat­ dividual rights, and total respect for the ing badly despite the best efforts of our HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN dignity of man. Let this Nation help the fine, beleaguered postal service employ­ OF MASSACHUSETI'S Hungarians whenever we can in every ees. The Department is riddled with bu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way possible. reaucracy and ineffi.ciency. The employ­ ees are overtaxed and harassed by a Friday, July 19, 1968 cumbersome system; frustrated by the Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I was sur­ mountains of redtape required to get prised and shocked to learn that this LET US GET THE POSTAL SERVICE anything done. Government has entered into an agree­ WE PAY FOR The time is long past to overhaul the ment with Communist Rumania look­ archaic postal system and take it out ing toward the actual construction of a from under the crippling influence of nuclear reactor in Rumania to be opera­ HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER political patronage. The Congress should tional in 1973. OF NEW YORK quickly adopt the recommendations of If this be true, and in that context, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES former Postmaster General O'Brien and I propose to file my protest, not only as Monday, July 22, 1968 the President's Postal Commission to to this particular agreement, as it has form a quasi-private corporation to han­ been described to me, but also any policy Mr. OTl'INGER. Mr. Speaker, I am dle the mails. which would result in the indiscriminate deeply disturbed by the Post Offi.ce De­ Until such a corporation can be estab­ spread of nuclear potential. partment proposal to reduce the level of lished, however, it is essential to give the There is clear danger in the prolifera­ mail service. Congress must see to it that Post Offi.ce the funds and authority it tion of nuclear capacity, and it must at Saturday mail delivery and window serv­ needs to perform its essential job. Most all times be scrupulously controlled to ice are continued and that there is no European countries outstrip our service insure that in all circumstances, its prod­ cutback in rural mail deliveries. by suoh a margin it is embarrasing. ucts would be used solely for peaceful The Post Office Department just asked The volume of our mail is increasing purposes, and not for war purposes of for and received from Congress a very steadily. Our emphasis should be on im­ any kind. substantial increase in postal rates that proving and expanding postal service, I have been concerned over a long has put a big dent in everybody's pocket­ not regressing to the days of the Pony period of time about discrimination book. It got the rate increase on the Express. against Hungarians in Rumania, and on premise that it was needed to maintain It is time ·for all Members of Congress several occasions, I have urged our Gov­ and improve its services. It is a fraud to stand and be counted in favor of giv­ ernment to protest it, and urgently seek upon the public that less service is now ing the American people the mail service abatement, so that the Hungarian to be offered at these increased rates. they want, need, and are in fact paying minority comprised of people long Furthermore, these cutbacks will have for. known for their love of freedom and free serious effects upon our economy. Many institutions, shall be treated as equals individuals and businesses rely on our and given full protection of their in­ mail service for their livelihood. The de­ TRIBUTE TO EUGENE T. KINNALY dividual and human rights. Certainly, lays proposed will hurt them serlously. if this Government is in the business of The Post Offi.ce Department says that entering into agreements with Rumania. it has been forced to propose these serv­ HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE that will bring benefits and advantages ice cutbacks because of the personnel OF MASSACHUSETl'S to that nation, we should insist upon ceiling limitations imposed by the tax IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES satisfactory assurances that the Hun­ surcharge bill recently enacted. If we Thursday, July 18, 1968 garlan people within its borders subject must exempt the Post Offi.ce Department Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. to its control will not be persecuted or from these ceilings to enable it to main­ Speaker, I am pleased to join with my discriminated against, but shall be ac­ tain and improve service, we should do colleagues who have spoken out in trib­ corded fair, equal treatment under the so without delay. On this premise, I fully ute to Gene Kinnaly, who is celebrating law that will adequately protect their support the legislation proposed by my 50 years of dedicated service on Capitol status and their rlghts. able colleague, the gentleman from New Hill. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22721 Eugene Kinnaly came to the Hill first which can so jeopardize the health of the CONGRESSMAN RICHARD D. "MAX" MCCARTHY as secretary to the late Congressman patients. REPORTS ON CRIME PREVENTION CONTROL­ McCARTHY, STATE UNIVERSITY COSPONSOR James Gallivan, and is now administra­ The McDonnell-Douglas Corp. has an CONFERENCE ON RESPONSE TO CRIME tive assistant to the Speaker of the House outstanding history of contribution to CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, of Representatives. In this position of our national defense effort. Beginning as HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, importance, trust, and constant activity, a very small company in 1939, Douglas Washington, D.C. he has unceasingly displayed great Aircraft-which affiliated with the Mc­ DEAR FRIEND: We Americans are in many stamina, devotion, patience, and ability. Donnell Corp. early in 1967-won its first ways the most fortunate people on earth. It is with particular pleasure that as production contract in January of 1942, We are proud, for example, that our society a member of the Massachusetts delega­ to produce twin-engine bomber trainers has achieved a standard of living far beyond tion I can testify to his great zeal for for the Army Air Force. Its capability so that of any other nation. Yet we still have important problems to public service. His kindness and his coun­ rapidly skyrocketed that, during World solve here at home, and one of the .biggest sel will long be remembered by every War II, Douglas distinguished itself in and toughest is crime. legislator who has known him, and I the hardware field by manufacturing 7,- Crimes of violence (such as homicide, hope that new Members will be able to 000,000 pounds of airframe components. armed robbery), organized crime (narcotics, benefit from his fine work for many years Its further accomplishments are legion: prostitution), white collar crime (embezzle­ to come. the FH-1 Phantom, the first combat jet ment, consumer fraud, anti-trust violations), aircraft to operate from a flight deck of all affect the lives of each American by arousing fear of personal danger or economic a U.S. carrier, the Talas supersonic, loss. THE McDONNELL-DOUGLAS C-9A surface-to-air missile, the Mercury I believe the time for more effective action AEROMEDICAL AffiLIFT JET- manned orbital spacecraft, and many to fight crime is here-action at every level LINER others. of government, Federal, state and local. The first delivery of the C-9A to the And President Johnson and Congress are Air Force is scheduled for August. Obvi­ now moving ahead on several major anti­ HON. CHARLES H. WILSON ously, the combination of McDonnell­ crime proposals. I heartily support these ef- , OF CALIFORNIA Douglas and the Air Force has proved a forts. But the answer to crime does not rest with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES winning one. I know that the armed the Federal government alone. Our cities and Monday, July 22, 1968 services-always looking for companies states must do more. that can do a job efficiently and pro­ More important, the individual citizen Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. fessionally-is proud to rank McDon­ must concern himself with the problems of Speaker, in Long Beach, Calif., last nell-Douglas among its finest contrac­ crime. He must learn the facts and be will­ month, I was very proud to participate tors. Certainly, both management and ing to press for effective measures to prevent in the rollout ceremonies for the C-9A labor at McDonnell-Douglas are thor­ and control crime in his own community. aeromedical airlift jetliner manufac­ oughly competent, and I wish to congrat­ For without a broadened citizen commit­ tured by the Douglas Aircraft Division ulate them both on a superior record. ment, crime will continue to scar the fabric of the McConnell-Douglas Corp. The of America~ society. development of this miraculous airliner My special report on crime covers both is the result of an Air Force Systems recent developments in Congress and sugges­ tions on how to combat crime and delin­ Command contract for $28. 7 million McCARTHY, STATE UNIVERSITY CO­ quency. awarded to Douglas on August 31, 1967. SPONSOR CONFERENCE ON RE­ Let us face and meet this formidable chal­ Because of the grave need to transport SPONSE TO CRIME lenge. wounded men from Vietnam as well as Sincerely, within the continental United states, the RICHARD D. McCARTHY, Air Force recognized the necessity for HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY Member of Congress. updating the domestic airlift system with OF NEW YORK EXPERTS TO CONFER ON ASSISTANCE FOR COM• new customized jets. The selection of MUNITY, FOR CRIME PREVENTION AND CON• Douglas' C-9A was an excellent one, not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TROL-PUBLIC INVITED only saving millions of dollars in research Monday, July 22, 1968 A day-long Law Enforcement Conference and development costs by buying "off the on the community's response to crime will be Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, the held at the Cordon Bleu Restaurant, 3909 shelf"-basically, the C-9A is an adap­ soaring crime and juvenile delinquency Genesee Street, Cheektowaga on August 8, tation of the very successful DC-9 com­ rate in the United States is a matter of 1968. The Conference convenes at 10 A.M. mercial aircraft built by McDonnell­ concern for all Americans. It is a prob­ and will adjourn at 4 P.M. You are invited! Douglas--but also getting a highly ef­ lem that the ordinary citizen cannot ig­ I urge you· to attend because crime and law fective precision instrument that will do nore and it is a problem that can be pre­ enforcement is a challenge, to each respon­ its job with maximum concern for the vented if people care enough to become sible citizen. I am pleased to sponsor this conference in comfort and health of iits very special involved and seek solutions. 1 passengers. cooperation with the State University of On August 8, 1968, I am cosponsoring Buffalo's School of Law and the University's A "flying hospital," the C-9A aeromed­ a Law Enforcement Conference in con­ Center for Urban Affairs. The mounting rate ical airliner jetliner can accommodate junction with the State University of of crime means a mounting need for respon­ over 40 ambulatory pa.tients or 30 to 40 Buffalo, for all law enforcement officials sible community action. stretcher patients or a combina.tion of and citizens who would like to learn what Our conference will bring together out­ the two. Because of a highly specialized standing national and civic leaders and law they can do to help prevent crime. The enforcement authorities. All communities in and flexible interior design, the plane conference wm probe the causes of crime provides therapeutic oxygen, a medical Erie County should benefit from this ex­ and outline what preventive measures change of ideas for years to come. Area chiefs suction system, an isolated. care center, of police have been invited. a central control station for the flight can be taken with an emphasis on the individuals participation. In addition, the Representing the U.S. Justice Department nurse, medical attendant stations, spe­ wm be Richard L. Braun, an expert in crime cial refrigeration and electrical systems, various provisions of the new Crime Con­ prevention and a leading figure in the Crimi­ and other facilities for thorough on­ trol and Safe Streets Act will be discussed nal Division of the Department of Justice. board medical care. by Justice Department officials. Mr. Braun will discuss the new Omnibus Both McDonnell-Douglas and the U.S. Mr. Speaker, I am also sending out a Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 report on crime to all my constituents and its many programs of assistance to local Air Force worked together to develop law enforcement officials. these hospital-type refinements, and informing them of this meeting and en­ both are to be congratulated on their couraging them to attend and inform ANTICRIME BILL OFFERS STATES NEW ASSISTANCE themselves about crime prevention pro­ New responsib111ties for state and local outstanding achievement. With a speed law enforcement agencies are embodied in of 500 miles per hour and a nonstop cedures and new Federal programs to legislation passed by the Congress and signed range of 2,000 miles, the new C-9A will combat juvenile delinquency. I would like int.o law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. cut aeromedical flying time in half and to insert this report at this point in the The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe will virtually eliminate overnight stops RECORD. The report follows: Streets Act of 1968 was passed by the House 22722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968

on June 6, 1968 and was signed into law by causes and remedies of crime, concluded MAJOR CRIME UP AVERAGE 17 PERCENT the President on June 19, 1968 marking a bluntly: "America's best hope for reducing The Federal Bureau of Investigation re­ significant step forward and one of the crime is to reduce juvenile delinquency and ported in June that major crime in the Unit­ most important that Congress has taken youth crime." ed States rose 17 percent 'during the first against crime. So if we are really serious about combating three months of 1968. The key provision of the law authorizes crime, we must do far more to prevent delin­ According to F.B.I. Director, J. Edgar $400 million in grants for the next two fis.cal quency among youth. Hoover, large cities experienced an average years to states and communities to help With the assistance of exper.ts in Wash­ increase of 17 percent, suburban areas 16 per­ them improve the training, equipment and ington, I have compiled a list of suggestions cent and rural areas 10 percent. crime fighting methods of state and local to help halt juvenile delinquency. I urge you to consider these proposals, and, If looked at by geographic region, the police forces. Northeastern section of the country leads The new law includes $15 million each where appropriate, to take action. I will be during the first fiscal year for grants to glad to assist you-as individuals or in com­ with a whopping 21 percent increase combat organized crime and to prevent and munity groups-in any way that I can. in crime, while the Northcentral and control riots and other violent civil dis­ Conduct campaigns with business and in­ Southern states each registered a 15 percent dustry to increase employment and training increase and the Western sector of the coun­ orders-up to $10 million for correction, pa­ try a 16 percent increase. role and probation activities and $5 million opportunities for low-.income youth. for expanding the Federal Bureau of Investi­ Survey employers and employment agen­ The F.B.I. reports that violent crimes rose gation's .training assistance to state and cies to determine the extent to which juve­ 18 percent: murder, up 16 percent; ag­ local police officers. nile arrest records are barriers to employ­ gravated assault, 13 percent; forcible rape, 19 The new act provides that part of the $15 ment. percent; robbery, 24 percent; and burglary, million to be used in fighting organized Request that organizations-such as local 15 percent. As a group, property crimes re­ crime can be in the form of grants to states Jaycees--counsel low-achieving students corded a 16 percent hike, with similar per­ for the establishment of state organized about job opportunities and requirements. centage increases in burglary and auto thefts. crime prevention councils. Assist low-income youth to set up and op­ Serious assaults where a firearm was used This legislation is based on the recognition erate youth enterprises. rose 26 percent. that as President Johnson said in his Mes­ Promote exchange tours. Arrange for youth PROTECTING YOURSELF AGAINST CRIME sage' to Congress, "In our dem~racy, the groups to visit other cities, meet other youth Some dos and don'ts principal responsibi11ty for dealing with groups, talk to police and other city officials. To the distress of law enforcement of­ crime does not lie with the national gov­ Support the development of theatre arts ficials, many citizens neglect to take simple, ernment but with the states and local com­ programs which utilize youth talents. inexpensive precautions which would be munities:" Conduct youth forums to encourage cul­ effective anti-crime measures. Here are some The bill therefore reinforces state and tural, social and civic activities by youth. suggestions drawn in part from a useful 60- local efforts rather than replacing them with Provide f?Cholars'hips for talented low­ page booklet, "How To Protect Yourself on Federal programs. income young people. the Streets and in Your Home", by Gene Last fall, the House passed the Juvenile Accas and John H. Eckstein (Pocket Books, Delinquency Prevention and Control Act. And some suggestions for citizen education Observe police, juvenile court and correc­ Inc., 1965, $1.00) : This bill is the most important delinquency Do not carry house and car keys on the prevention measure since the Juvenile Delin­ tional agency practices. Discuss desirable changes in policies and practices. same key chain. Also do not keep an iden­ quency Act of 1961. tification tag showing your home or address The bill is now pending before the Senate Study and act on legislative proposals in on ycur key chain. (Do, though, keep a Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency and the field of delinquency control. duplicate set in a safe place). it is expected to come to the fioor of the Arrange discussion meetings with low­ Always, of course, lock-or double-lock­ full Senate shortly. It authorizes $25 million income youth and their parents. Learn their doors opening to the outside. Keep locked in grants to help states develop stronger pro­ problems. Explore possible solutions. as well, windows accessible from the outside, grams to reduoe juvenile crime. Develop and maintain a lib:vary-including including those above a terrace, porch or In other action this year, Congress pro­ pamphlets and films-on juvenile delin­ fire escape. vided Federal death and disab111ty bene­ quency. One community group could make For women living in apartments, do not fits for state and local police officers killed these materials available to other groups. include first names on doorplates or mail or disabled while enforcing Federal law. Materials currently available from various boxes. Use only initials with your last name. Federal and national agencies are plentiful. Congress approved President Johnson's When traveling for more than a few days, plan to strengthen the fight against the Some startling /acts about juvenile crime discontinue milk and newspaper deliveries. traffic in narcotics, LSD and other hallu­ . . . Today, one boy in six is referred to a Have mail held by the post office until your cinogens by establishing a Bureau of Nar­ juvenile court. return. Note: you can buy an inexpensive cotics and Dangerous Drugs in the Depart­ . . . More 15-year olds are arrested for switch that Is activated by darkness. By ment of Justice. serious crimes than people of any other age. plugging a lamp into this automatic device, I hope that Congress will also consider Sixteen-year olds place a close second. the lamp will be turned on in the evening this year another important bill , which I . . . Almost 75 % of persons arrested for and off in the morning. have introduced: the Auto Theft Preven­ serious crimes are between 13 and 29. If you carry credit cards, make a list of tion Act, which prohibits sending motor ... Since 1960 there has been a slight de­ the credit card numbers. Notify issuing com­ vehicle master keys across state lines. pany immediately in case of loss or theft. I believe that all of these b1lls will go a crease in adult arrests-but a 59 % jump in long way toward a.8$isting local law enforce­ arrests of youths under 18. Telephones and the ladies ment agencies to properly and promptly carry Attorney General Ramsey Clark, National Do not list your telephone with "Miss or out their duties in the community. Conference on Crime Control: "The elements "Mrs." er your first name. You are inviting "The tragic assassinations of President of criminal justice are interdependent. Each trouble. John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy phase of crime control-investigation, en­ Do not volunteer your name, address or and Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the forcement, prosecution, adjudication and cor­ telephone number to anyone who calls and riots in our cities dramatize the urgent warn­ rection-is dependent for its success on suc­ asks, "Who is this." An appropriate reply ings of the National Advisory Commission on cesses in the other phases. A city, a county would be, "To ,whom do you wish to speak?" Civil Disorders. and a state can succeed only when all cities, Report crank cal~s and obscene calls to counties and states succeed. No jurisdiction is both police and the telephone company. "To pursue present policies will lead only an island entire of itself. Each is a part of the to escalating violence, social dislocation and If a stranger calls to speak to your hus­ loss of lives, said the Commission. main." band, never say that he is not at home or President Lyndon B. Johnson: " ... No so­ out of town. Rather, say that he is busy at "The alternative is to make the necessary ciety can tolerate massive violence, any more investments on every front in the belea­ this time but will return the call if a number than a body can tolerate massive disease. And guered cities of America, •investments in is left. crime control, more jobs, better s·chools, we in America shall not tolerate it." Do not have your telephone "temporarily and decent housing. John Edgar Hoover, Director: "There is no disconnected" when you leave home for a "As I said at an Amvets dinner in May, doubt in my mind that the easy accessibility short vacation. The telephone company's 1968, 'A man who can feel he is a part of of firearms is responsible for mimy killings, message that service has been temporarily society, that he has a stake in society, is a both impulse and premeditated. The statis­ discontinued is a dangerous tip-off. man who can and will work for that society.' tics are grim and realistic. Strong measures must be taken, and promptly, to protect the Care with cars "RICHARD D. McCARTHY, When riding alone, keep all doors locked. "Member of Congress." public." "During the calendar year of 1966 alone, Never leave your car parked with the key JUVENILE CRIME-THE AREA FOR ACTION more citizens were killed or assaulted with in the ignition. An amazing number of cars The President's Commission on Law En­ guns in American streets and homes than are stolen through this carelessness. forcement and Administration of Justice, in were killed in battle during the entire Korean Avoid leaving valuables in view in a parked the nation's most comprehensive study of the conflict." car. )uly 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22723 And do not attempt to be a "vigilante"; hours notice, for anyone to enter, who is sin­ is ample evidence of the sordid sense of do not carry illegal weapons. Always cooper­ cerely and honestly interested in establish­ freedom held by the Communists. ate with and act with the knowledge of your ing the peace. police. They are professionals. On the other hand, if these parties are As I have noted on this occasion in Know the telephone number of your more interested in gaining propaganda ad­ the past, our commemoration is a nec­ police. vantages for the cause of World Commu­ essary act to question the legitimacy of Citizen groups can be effective in combat­ nism, that is quite a different matter. the Soviet colonial empire. Let us not ing crime by- "This country is based on equality under forget for a minute that Hungary, Al­ Pressing city officials to improve street the law for all people and individual rights bania, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Bul­ lighting where needed. under the Constitution must be guaranteed garia, the Ukraine, Poland, Rumania, Encouraging teenagers to become involved to all in every respect." East Germany, Latvia, and Estonia are in volunteer work sponsored by social service The collapse of the British pound and agencies--especially in work directly with very serious monetary problems that fol­ captive nations, dominated from with­ delinquency-prone youth. lowed have had deep repercussions through out and suppressed within by puppet Launching campaigns to clean up slums. this country and the world. governments. God grant them the cour­ Supporting adequate pay for law enforce­ This situation should serve notice on this age to persevere. ment, parole and probation officers. government that we must have a sound, Assisting parole and probation officers in monetary policy, and as soon as possible, a their work. balanced budget. There should be immediate re-evaluation THE FAITH OF FREE CUBA Recommended reading of current trade policies to assess and cor­ Two highly important documents are rect their current impact upon present gold available from the Superintendent of Docu­ imbalances and the threatened weakness of HON. CLAUDE PEPPER ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, the dollar. Washington, D.C. 20402: Great care must be exercised in tax meas­ OF FLORIDA The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society ures designed to prevent run-away inflation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (a report by the President's Commission on and ease existing monetary and budgetary Monday, July 22, 1968 Law Enforcement and Administration of problems. Justice), February 1967, 340 pages, $2.25. Fortunately, pending proposals to restrict Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, you are Repart of the National Advisory Commis­ and tax the travel of American citizens well aware, I know, of my strong feelings sion on Civil Disorders, March 1968, 424 abroad have been indefinitely deferred. with regard to the need for more posi­ pages, $2.00. (This report is also available in In many urban areas shocking conditions tive action by our Government to formu­ bookstores in a Bantam Books Paperback exist among some young and old alike that edition for $1.25.) must be tackled on a massive scale by con­ late plans to eliminate Communist tyr- · certed action of local, state and federal gov­ anny from Cuba and from our hemi­ ernments. sphere. This is the thrust of my House I would make this observation: that law Concurrent Resolution 492, which I in­ CLEGHORN POST COMMUNION and order is a condition precedent to any troduced on August 18, 1967. I am hope­ BREAKFAST kind of government, whether it be demo­ ful that this body will respand to the cratic or absolute. Let us never lose sight desire of the American people to see an of that fact. end to the Castro regime and will utilize HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN People must be secure and safe in their homes, on the streets and elsewhere in our my resolution as a vehicle for expressing OF MASSACHUSETTS society. this popular sentiment on behalf of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And if we do not make sure that law and free Cuba. Monday, July 22, 1968 order is maintained in our local communities That the spirit of freedom has not and every other place, we should not be sur­ died from the breasts of the Cuban peo­ Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I extend prised, if disrespect and contempt for the ple is made abundantly clear by the re­ my remarks and include therein my re­ law grows and spreads in this nation, and cent address of Dr. Manolo Reyes, a marks, in part, at the communion break­ gravely compounds our current problems. distinguished journalist who is presently fast of the celebrated Cleghorn Post, I want to thank the members of this Latin American news editor of television American Legion, Fitchburg, Mass., in great Post for your loyal services to the station WTVJ in Miami. I believe my my district. country in war and peace, and for your great contributions to the cause of the vet­ colleagues will be interested in the fol­ This post is very distinguished and for eran and his dependents. lowing text of Dr. Reyes' speech on June years its outstanding leaders and mem­ Freedom, security, peace are very deep in 29, 1968, to Sertoma International at its bers have played a very important part in our hearts these days. convention in Miami Beach: the public life of Fitchburg and in the Let us join together with determination On June 24th, 1966, I had the privilege to professions, businesses, and services of to see that they are realized in fullest meas­ address the Sertoma International Conven­ that great city. ure so that the country and its values shall tion in Washington, D.C., at the time I spoke I wish to commend the brilliant lead­ be protected and preserved. as charter president of the first Cuban Ser­ ership and faithful membership of the toma club ever founded in Cuba or in exile, Cleghorn Post for its outstanding work facing 1800 delegates of Sertoma clubs of the which is so strongly supported by its United States, Canada, Mexico and Puerto CAPTIVE NATIONS Rico. I delivered a message ... the message members and constitutes a great contri­ of the Cuban people yearning for their bution to community, State and Nation. liberation. My remarks fallow: HON. JAMES M. HANLEY Now, two years later, as a Cuban, I ratify There is no way we could possibly inten­ before this convention, for the second and sify our efforts to secure the peace in Viet­ OF NEW YORK last time, the eagerness for freedom of the nam that would be too great. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES noble Cuban people. Nevertheless, today my words must start Unhappily, every move we make in this di­ Wednesday, July 17, 1968 rection is summarily rejected. by thanking all and everyone of you, mem­ There are many very serious problems af­ Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, this bers of Sertoma, for your wonderful inspira­ fecting the security of our own forces, people month, we are celebrating the 10th ob­ tion and help to the Cuban refugees at the in the area, our pacification program and servance of Captive Nations Week. As moment they needed it most. other questions of war and peace that re­ in the past, I want to join my colleagues On August 7, 1965, in the city of Miami, quire careful negotiation and definite un­ the first Cuban Sertoma club ever chartered derstanding. this year in painful commemoration of was· established, on December 1st of that Moreover, Hanoi, the Soviet Union, Red the takeover of Eastern Europe by the same year the freedom flights between Miami China and all the parties must negotiate in Russians. and Varadero, Cuba were started. good faith, and with an honest purpose to It is a particularly poignant com­ At the time, with the help of the Federal establish the peace, he said. In a matter of memoration this year, for at the very authorities and the Cuban refugee center, such gravity we could. not afford to suffer in momenit we are considering the plight of the Cuban Sertoma Club of Miami was able peace negotiations some of the gross decep­ our captive brothers behind the Iron to ·open and maintain a full room of clothes tions by the adversaries such as occurred. dur­ racks at "Freedom House". The first point of ing various lunar truce periods. Curtain, a dramatic confrontation is arrival for the 200 Cubans that come daily I am not in a position to speak for the taking place between the Czechoslo­ into Miami aboard the freedom flights. State Department or the government, but I vakian Government and the Russian Hundreds of pounds of clothes have been think the doot" to the peace conference is Army. That this confrontation is tak­ sent by the Sertoma clubs of Oklahoma, Road wide open, has been wide open, on a few ing place betweer~ two so-called allies Noark Valley, West of New York, The Two 22724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 Carolinas, Orlando, Jacksonville, Fort Lau­ Nearly 19,000 Cubans have been executed The airlines have chosen wisely, and I derdale, Miami and many others. during the past nine-and-a-half years: an know that I speak for all Members of this Today, June 29th, 1968, the number of average of 6 Cubans executed every day. House who have had occasion to utilize Cubans that have arrived in the United But the more they fall, the larger the the services of Mr. Noto in wishing him States on the freedom flights, fleeing oppres­ number of those who bravely follow their sion and tyranny, adds up to more than 115,- example and pick up the torch of freedom. well in his new career. The airlines' gain 000. And there are over 1,340,000 Cubans on This is the reason why Cuba will be free. is certainly a loss for the Federal civil the island of Cuba who have officially applied This is the reason why I dare say, knowing service. to leave their fatherland aboard those flights. that I am not wrong, that if by a miracle-­ The Cubans who arrive in the United God would give the Cuban an opportunity States own just about only the clothes they to choose another life or another time to ABE FORTAS-JUSTICE REVOLU­ are wearing. Nothing more. Dozens of thou­ live, or another place, the Cuban will choose TIONAIRE sands have received clothes, shoes, coats, again this life, this time, this place, because given out free of charge, by the Cuban Ser­ few generations in the history of mankind toma Club of Miami established at Freedom have had the privilege to fight for freedom. HON. JOHN R. RARICK House. And when the Cuban refugees have And the Cuban was born to be free. OF LOUISIANA That is why he who helps the free Cuban been relocated throughout different parts of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the United States, and wherever Sertoma in his present ordeal and struggle is perform­ clubs existed, they were warmly welcomed ing a great service to mankind. Monday, July 22, 1968 by their members. Sertomans have treated And to end this speech I want to say that them as real brothers and given them a hand in 1966, before you, I asked for help for the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Abe Fortas of friendship and help. suffering Cuban and that help was given. now publicly confesses that he believes These actions will always be remembered Now-it is my firm, honest and personal in and intends to provoke revolution by by the Cuban people. This is why, at the be­ opinion that-- the peaceful use of his appointed pow­ ginning of this speech, on behalf of the Cu­ Freedom is coming, Sertoma is a freedom club. That's why, today, in 1968, I ask, for ers as a member of the Supreme Court. bans ... and especially, on behalf of all the It is unthinkable to the American peo­ members of the Cuban Sertoma Club of Mi­ the Cuban people, all the support that is ami. I thank you very much-to all of you­ needed for the time when Cuba will become ple that any member of the Congress for a very well done service to mankind. To­ the first country of the world to break the could expect to run for public office on gether we have proven, once again, like in Red ties that are oppressing it today. At the such a campaign promise, that is, that if the past, that Cubans and Americans, in good beginning of my speech I said that this elected he was going to use his office to faith, can work together in the solution of would be the second and last appeal I'd make overthrow constitutional government and their big problems. And at the same time before you, because I am absolutely con­ vinced that the next time I will appear be­ time honored and proven foundations of improve their mutual relations. and un­ an organized society. doubtedly, a great problem is the struggle of fore you, w111 be in a free Cuba, in a sov­ the Cuban people who for the past 9 ¥2 years ereign Cuba, independent and free . . in a Mr. Fortas has already spelled out his have bravely resisted the forces of Commu­ Cuba without tyranny and sorrow, in a new disbelief in the theory of separation of nism in Cuba. Nevertheless, terror, symbol of Cuba that will proudly show the example powers by his involvement with the exec­ the weakness of dictatorial regimes, has in­ taken from the Sertoma Clubs in which utive branch in affairs such as the inef­ creased throughout the Island of Cuba. Americans and Cubans, working together, fective leadership during the riots and Only a few days ago, I was visiting Shen­ have carved a way of freedom and a service to mankind. looting in Washington, D.C., this spring. andoah Junior High in Miami to give a lec­ Now, as if to compound the attack on ture to that school's students on the value of freedom and how much we must fight to the Constitution, the Attorney General get and maintain it. And as an example I THE HON. MARIO T. NOTO of the United States---the legal arm of told them or one of the thousands of dra­ the executive branch-files face-saving matic cases in the Cuban exodus. briefs and memos seeking to defend For­ Several months ago, near Guantanamo HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS tas for his repudiation of our country's Naval Base in Oriente province in Cuba, nine OF NEW JERSEY basic laws. Cuban children between the ages of 13 and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Perhaps the Senate Judiciary Com­ 15, jumped into the shark infested waters of mittee should inquire of the Attorney Guantanamo Bay to reach the U.S. base. They Monday, July 22, 1968 carried no weapons, just wore a pair of General as to what roles Justice Fortas shorts. Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, I am hap­ has also usurped in directing the opera­ Do they want to reach the base to find py to learn that the Honorable Mario T. tions of the Justice Department. The food, clothes, shoes, medicines or the Ameri­ Noto, Associate Commissioner of the U.S. answers might well explain that Depart­ can dollar? No! They just want freedom. The Immigration and Naturalization Service, ment's inaction against communism and militiamen on the Cuban side discovered has been named executive director of criminals while the Attorney General them while they swam through the middle the Airport Security Council, an airline directs his action against society testi­ of the bay and, as they do in the Berlin Wall, opened fire against those children. Four of industry organization established earlier fying against capital punishment, for them, in a pool of blood, sank forever. Only this year to combat and prevent crime open housing before the Supreme Court, five reached freedom. And I was tell1ng those at New York's major airports. and his announced refusal to use wire students at Shenandoah Junior High that A native New Yorker, Mr. Noto was tapping apparatus against organized those five Cuban children are now perhaps educated at St. John's University and crime although authorized expressly by attending in freedom different schools in the was graduated from Fordham University Congress. Who made these decisions? United States, learning without the oppres­ Law School in 1939. He was admitted to Could Fortas' counsel be the reason the sion of the Communist indoctrinatoc. the New York State Bar in 1940 and was Attorney General prejudges the law and Then, one of the students present .• a 14- year-old boy requested to speak. He stood up admitted to practice before the U.S. Su­ Congress? and while tears ran through his face, he preme Court in 1960. Such exposed collaboration between told me, "Mr. Reyes, you are so right. I am After having practiced law for '2 years, the executive and judiciary branches has one of the five survivors." Mr. Noto joined the U.S. Immigration alerted the American people that an in­ This is part of the tragedy being lived to­ Service in 1942 as an examiner. Shortly dependent, impartial separation of the day by my Cuban brothers. Over 14 thousand thereafter he began a 3-year stint with three branches of power does not exist. Cubans have arrived in exile aboard very the U.S. Army Air Corps. In 1945, he re­ In their stead we behold a small political small boats, rafts, and more recently have joined INS. In 1948 he was transferred clique which cooperates for the benefit of even been picked up fioating on car tires in the Florida Straits. Nevertheless, there are to Washington to organize an investiga­ a few as it serves to control people. children in exile who are waiting for their tion service for the central office. The aroused members of the Senate parents who left Cuba on a boat several years Subsequently, he became Deputy As­ Judiciary Committee are to be com­ ago. The parents are not in Cuba. They are sistant Commissioner and later Assistant mended by every liberty-loving American not here either. Only God knows their !ate. Commissioner responsible for all investi­ for their fearless efforts to inquire into Over 85 thousand political prisoners are gations conducted by the Immigration and air the truth on the question of the suffering a Uving death in Cuba's polltical and Naturalization Service. fitness of Abe Fortas to be the presiding prisons; the island in the heart of the Americas. On Febtuary 28, 1962, he was ap­ officer of the Supreme Court through the And although the Cubans don't know be­ pointed Associate Commissioner for Op­ turbulent years ahead. cause of the tremendous censure · imposed erations. For the last 5 years he has also The smokescreens thrown up to secure there, secret executions continue day after served as a consultant to the Secretary of rapid confirmation must not be permit­ day. · State. ted to suppress the right of the Senate July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22725 to confirm or not to confirm. A confirma­ to say, "an extended debate". The success or teachers. Such oaths, Fortas has said, are an tion of Abe Fortas, with full knowledge failure of this tactic will depend almost en­ insult and an infringement on the individ­ tirely upon the decision of Southern Demo­ uals rights under the First Amendmen·t. of his activities, his libertine philosophy, crats when the attempt is made to shut off He has consistently opposed most attempts and his controversial performance while debate.' It takes a two-thirds vote to impose by the Federal Government to investigate already serving on the bench could now cloture--and even 15 Republicans, voting and restrict the activities of subversive or­ be accepted in no other manner than with the delegation of Southern Democrats, ganizations like the Communist Party. Fortas ratification of his proposed attacks would constitute a large enough force to pre­ opposed, for example, the registration provi­ against Western civilization, the Chris­ vent that imposition. sions of the Internal Security Act of tian faith, and constitutional govern­ I have discussed the background of Mr. 1950 ... he objected to the Federal law pro­ ment. Fortas before, but perhaps it would be wise hibiting Communists from working in na­ to repeat some of the highlights of his ca­ tional defense installations. I include the broadcast of Fulton reer once again. The principal reason he has More recently, in May of this yea.r, Fortas Lewis, Jr., for July 10, the investigation been selected for the job of Chief Justice, of released a 64-page pamphlet expressing his of Father Daniel Lyons, S.J., the Sensing course, is the fact that for 30 years he has views "Concerning Dissent and Civil Dis­ Repart for July 18, 1968, and pertinent been a close political associate of Lyndon obedience"-the essence of which is that he news releases from the Washington Eve­ Johnson. He provided the legal brainpower supports the doctrine of deliberately vio­ ning Star, following my comments: that was able to pressure Supreme Court Jus­ lating laws as a means of furthering one's tice Hugo Black to overrule a Federal Court own concept of social and political justice. A.BE FORTAS decision against Johnson in the infamous In this pamphlet, in f·act, Fortas openly (By Fulton Lewis, Jr.) Texas Senatorial primary election of 1948. professes his "solidarity" with the followers Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, this Black's action halted an investigation into of the late Martin Luther King, Jr. and of is Fulton Lewis speaking from the Mutual fraudulent ballot counting and enabled his successor, Ralph Abernathy . . . who, of Studios in Washington, D.C. I'll have my Johnson to turn a 200-vote deficit into an 87- course, is in jail here in Washington right commentary for you in just a moment. vote margin of victory. In July, 1949, Fortas now because he DID practice the doctrine The strange campaign of Senate Minority was named by a Senate investigating panel of civil disobedience. Leader Everett Dirksen to subvert Republi­ as one of an elite group of former Federal That, then, in capsule form, is the back­ can opposition to the recent Supreme Court offi.cials who were representing private firms ground and philosophy of Abe Fortas who nominations of Abe Fortas and Homer Thorn­ in dealings with the same Government agen­ tomorrow will be considered as a candidate berry has apparently had some success-­ cies for whom they had formerly worked. for a promotion to the highest judicial po­ although not a great deal. Yesterday, Dirk­ Fortas, a former Undersecretary of the De­ sition in this nation. If he is confirmed, sen claimed to have recruited four defectors partment of the Interior was listed among don't expect Chief Justice Fortas to be much from the ranks of 19 Republican Senators "influence men" who were collecting "fat different from his predecessor-Earl Warren. who had signed a petition against the two legal fees" for such services. During the 1966-67 teTm, Fortas agreed with Court nominations. Today, the names of He had also worked in the Agriculture De­ Warren on 97 out of a possible 112 decisions: three of those were made known: Kentucky's partment during the early New Deal days and a. record of ~rd with the chief justice Thruston Morton has now decided that he has admitted being close to a fellow employee exceeded only by Justice Brennan. In most will not only vote in favor of confirming the named Alger Hiss. He has denied, however, of the oases in which there was disa.gree­ men t, Fortas took a more radical stand than nominees but will line up with Dirksen to that he had ever associated closely with the Warren. try to stop a filibuster should any of their famous "Ware Group" in that Department There are many people throughout our Republican colleagues start one. which included Hiss, Lee Pressman, John country, and I confess I am one, who have Utah's Wallace Bennett and North Da­ Abt, Nathan Witt, Harold Ware, Nathan been very unhappy with the so-called "War­ kota's Milton Young have also changed their Gregory Silvermaster and others-many of ren Court" and feel it is time for a change. minds--to what degree, nobody really knows whom were known to be Communists deeply There are many people, and again I include except that neither can be counted on any involved in a Soviet espionage scheme. myself, who are in complete disagreement longer as definite opponent of the Fortas and On January 4, 1945, Fortas wrote to Harry with Justice Fortas' positions regiarding the Thornberry nominations. Dexter White congratulating him on his ap­ problems of crime, corruption, Communism There is speculation that the fourth Sena­ pointment as assistant secretary of the Treas­ and civil disobedience. Indeed, I suspect we tor who is under considerable pressure from ury. In the 1950's, Fortas served as the at­ may even constitute the vast majority of Dirksen is Hawaii's Hiram Fong who made torney for several witnesses before Congres­ the nation's population. To me, it is not only very favorable speeches regarding both Fortas sional investigating committees on internal unfair but grossly undemocratic that the and Thornberry when the Senate confirmed subversdon, including Owen Lattimore. people of this nation should be subjected to them in their present jobs three years ago. He later served as the attorney for Bobby a perpetuation of unpopular Court decisions Fong's offi.ce, however, denies that he has had Baker . . . a service which he undertook in for many years to come simply because Lyn­ a change of heart since signing the petition hope of alleviating Vice President Johnson don Baines Johnson-who himself is not too opposing Supreme Court appointments by a of any possible embarrassment which might popular-wants to pay off some political lame-duck President. evolve from that scandal. In 1964, it was Abe IOU's to two old friends before he steps into We are likely to get a better idea of what Fortas who personally went to the news­ retirement. I grant that the President has to expect tomorrow when the Senate Judi­ papers here in the Nation's Capt.ta! to get the constitutional authority to make these ciary Committee hears testimony from Asso­ them to kill, temporarily at least, the story appointments, but it is equally true that the ciate Justice Abe Fortas regarding his quali­ of the arrest of President Johnson's closest Senate has the constitutional authority to fications for the chief justice position now personal White House adviser, Walter Jen­ say "no". Chief Justice Warren has 1ndi­ held by Earl Warren . . . and on Friday kins, on charges of sex perversion. That is oated he will stay on in his present post in when the panel hears from Thornberry. part of the Fortas record. I'll have more for the event his successor is not confirmed dur­ If Senators Bennett and Young have in you now. ing this Session . . . whether he stays on fact defected from the ranks of the GOP Fortas was the chief architecrt for the War­ or not, it seems to me that the American forces, led by Michigan's Robert Griffi.n, who ren Commission which purported to investi­ people should get a chance to have their intend to fight the two new Court nomina­ gate the assassinaition of President John F. feelings consulted and considered in this tions, it would represent a minor set-back. Kennedy. He also set up the vast radio-tele­ critically important issue. These are times The loss of Kentucky's Thruston Morton is vision empire of the Johnson family in a way of much debate and controversy and some­ not really that significant. Throughout his whereby the fortune could still be controlled, how the Supreme Court inevitably winds up political career, Morton has earned a reputa­ although it was technically "in trust." in the center of it all. If the voters in No­ tion of being untrustworthy and vacillating. His career as a Supreme Court Justice is vember decree a change in the policies which Morton falls into the rather select group of also important to note. Fortas lay the ground­ have dominated their Federal Government-­ politicians who are enamored and captivated work for the famous "Miranda" decision and that is a real possibility-they have by the social blessings which come with life which placed severe limits on the right of a right, I believe, to have that change made on Capitol Hill. He is not known for any policemen to interrogate criminal suspects. across the board-including any new ap­ sober political judgment, and now that he Indeed, Fortas' vote in that case was the pointments which might be made to the himself is retiring from public offi.ce and is crucial one in a 5 to 4 decision. Supreme Court. in a lame-duck capacity, he will apparently Fortas has also held the view that the If a vacancy on the Court had been occa- avoid the temptations of statesmanship in mentally ill and chronic alcoholics should . stoned by the death of one of the Justices, the same expert way he has a voided them in not be held accountable for their criminal it might have been an entirely different the past. acts--he dissented just last month on a de­ situation. As it is, however, there is a very It is a foregone conclusion that the Senate cision in which the majority refused to ban obvious conspiracy--or if you prefer, "an Judiciary Committee's hearings will be rou­ criminal prosecution of perpetual drunks. arrangement"-in this case, whereby the tine and polite. The panel will approve the He has opposed the use of wiretapping by President and Chief Justice Warren are delib­ nominations of both Fortas and Thornberry the police as a means to gather evidence in erately trying to deny Mr. Johnson's suc­ and report them favorably to the Senate criminal cases--he has supported every Court cessor the opportunity o;f making these im­ Floor. If there is a fight, it will take place decision nullifying "loyalty oaths" to the portant appointments. I challenge anyone to there; and it will come in the form of a fili­ Constitution of the United States for public dispute this fact. In effect, Earl Warren has buster-or, as the Members of the Senate like servants-including, even, public school offered his resignation on the condition that EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 he can help select his replacement-and the part of the American Youth Congress. This deems improper. Indeed one-sixth of the President has consented to this blackmail. organization was also cited by the Attorney Supreme Court nominees presented to the That, I suggest is specious politics at its General as subversive. It was an affiliate of Senate in our country's history have been worst. It makes a complete mockery of the the United States Peace Committee, which rejected. In such cases, it is the President's principles of self-determination and democ­ was part of the Communist-controlled peace duty to submit the name of other nominees, racy. And it is a disgraceful distortion of the front. It is interesting to note that its let­ more acceptable to the Senate. Certainly, the intent of the Constitution. terhead was printed by the Prompt Press, Founding Fathers never intended for a Su­ There are a few brave souls in the Senate a regular printer for Communist Party litera­ preme Court justice to play a part in naming who are willing to stand up and fight on ture. the man who succeeds him on the bench. If this issue, and, as I have mentioned, there Fortas was also a member of the Wash­ Mr. Warren is allowed to get away with this is a chance they may succeed in blocking ington Committee for Democratic Action, grossly political maneuver, designed to ele­ these two Supreme Court nominations. I which did so much to defend various Com­ vate another "liberal" activist and fasten have always encouraged listeners to this munist Party members, and whose meetings that philosophy on the court for years ahead, broadcast-no matter what their disposi­ were addressed by such well known Commu­ the other justices likewise will be encouraged tion-to write their Congressional represent­ nist leaders as Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Lee to take a hand in choosing their successors. atives to let them know your feelings on im­ Pressman, and Doxey Wilkerson. What Earl Warren is doing is an affront to portant issues. In this case, I would suggest Early in his career Mr. Fortas was brought the Senate and to the people. He would ren­ that the Republican members of the Senate, to work for the Securities and Exchange Com­ der meaningless the power to confirm or and the Southern Democrats, might be very mission by Will1am O. Douglas, now on the reject, that the Constitution assigns to the interested to hear your ideas and recom­ Supreme Court, who has long been known Senate. As the next President will be chosen mendations. as an admirer of Moscow and Peking and by the people, Mr. Warren is trying to silence opposed to anti-Communism. It was Chief the voice of the people. He is playing politics Justice Warren who assigned Fortas to han­ in a way unheard of in the history of the FORTAS AND THE COURT dle the famous Gideon case before the Court. U.S. Supreme Court. (By Daniel Lyons, S.J.) When Lyndon Johnson won his first pri­ The whole deal involving Mr. Warren's There has been considerable apprehension mary election for the Senate by a margin negotiated retirement, which constitutes ma­ in Washington particularly among Republi­ of 87 votes in 1948, a Federal judge forbade neuvering to create a vacancy on the bench, can congressmen, about the appointment of putting Johnson's name on the November is sordid in character. It smacks of some­ Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief ballot until an inquiry could be conducted thing worked out in a smoke-filled room at Justice of the United States Supreme Court. concerning the charges of serious irregulari­ a political meeting. It is cynical as well as Mr. Fortas succeeded Arthur Goldberg to the ties. The Federal Court of Appeals upheld unconstitutional. As U.S. Senator Robert P. Supreme Court in 1965, in the 50-year-old the order, but Abe Fortas cam~ to the rescue. Griffin has said, the maneuvering "suggests tradition of having one Jew on the Court. He got Hugo Black of the Supreme Court to a shocking lack of faith in our system and It has also been traditional to have one Cath­ override the Federal Judge, an astonishing the people who make it work." olic and 7 Protestants. instance of one judge taking a case into his Leaving aside these aspects of the nomina­ Fortas votes consistently with the liberal own hands while the U.S. Supreme Court tion, there is the question of Justice F'ortas' majority, and it is obvious why the Presi­ was in recess. Fortas has continued to serve activities to consider. It appears tha.t Mr. dent appointed him. He is 19 years younger his client ever since. It was he who drew up Fortas, while on the bench, has displayed than Warren, and Johnson hopes to set the the trust agreement concerning the $20 little respect for the principle of the separa­ poll.cies of the Court for the next 20 years. million financial empire of Lyndon Johnson tion of powers that is basic to our constitu­ Many of us share the apprehension, not be­ while he serves as President, an empire that tional system. The New York Times Maga­ cause Mr. Fortas is a Democrat, but because was built up during his career as a govern­ zine said June 4, 1967, that Mr. F'ortas is of his lifelong affiliation with Leftist groups ment official. Reports that his wife inherited "drawn into non-judicial matters by friends and individuals. His most famous law case a substantial sum of money are grossly whJO want government jobs and know he still was defending Owen Lattimore. He was a exaggerated. carries weight at the White House." The close friend of Harry Dexter White. No one Fortas was also attorney for Johnson's Times cited Justice Fortas' role in landing a in the United States had more to do with the clm:e friend and assistant, Bobby Baker, the federal judgeship for one man, in advising betrayal of China to the Communists than former paige boy who abused his influence the President on coping With steel increases White and Lattimore. White was a member as an aide to Johnson to become a million­ and in helping to frame measures dealing of the Communist Party for much of his life. aire. When another of Johnson's aides, Walter with labor disputes. He committed suicide when he was finally ex­ Jenkins, was picked up on a morals charge, United Press International said June 27, posed by Elizabeth Bentley as an espionage it was Fortas who had the charges quashed. 1968, that "Fortas has been one of the Pres­ agent for the Soviet Union for many years. But the news leaked out, and both the Baker ident's closest advisers, in a. wide range of He sabotaged the sending of $1 billion which and Jenkins cases were national scandals. governmental matters, even while serving as Congress appropriated to help Nationalist Fortas also helped to organize the Warren an associate justice." China against the Communists. Yet when he Commission. This involvement is ample cause for re­ was appointed Assistant Secretary of the In the last 20 years the Supreme Court has jecting his nomination. It is a much more Treasury, two years earlier, Mr. Fortas wrote taken unto itself far more power than it ever serious matter than mere cronyism, for a to White that his appointment was "com­ had before. No wonder people are apprehen­ judge of any court should know that he has pletely deserved" and would "strengthen the sive about the appointment of a man to be no business taking part in the decisions of Government considerably." White expressed Chief Justice for the next 20 years or so, the executive, whether of a state or of the "deep satisfaction" at the letter. (Cf. Inter­ whose past contacts and connections have nation. A Justice who also is a political ad­ locking Subversion in Government, Senate cast such ominous shadows. There is little viser and aide to a President cannot be im­ Report 58, part 30, page 35.) about his record to indicate he understands partial when he goes on the bench. He ts a what Communism or Communist subversion participant in the political process when he Over the last 25 years, Fortas has belonged is all about. And are we not entitled to to a host of Leftwing organizations. He was serious doubts about his judgment? is an adviser, and this a judge has no right on the national committee of the Inter­ to be. A judge who is an agent or a political national Juridical Association, which had co-worker of the Chief Executive is vl:olating many Communist Party members, e.g. Lee THE FORTAS-WARREN MANEUVERS the deepest traditions of the Anglo-Saxon Pressman, Joseph Brodsky, Nathan Witt, Leo (By Thurman Sensing) legal system. Mr. Fortas apparently does not Gallagher, and David Bentall. This organiza­ recognize this, or, if he does recognize it, tion was characterized by the House Com­ The more complex the political maneuvers he is contemptuous of the obligations of a mittee on Un-American Activities as an or­ become to force Senate confirmation of. the judge in this respect. Whatever his rationale ganization which "actively defended Com­ nomination of Justice Abe Fortas as Chief for working as a White House adviser, the munists and consistently followed the Com­ Justice, the more clear it is that the Senate relationship he has maintained is an im­ munisit Party line." It was an official offshoot will act responsibly and in the public interest proper one. It profoundly disqualifies him of the International Labor Defense, cited by if it rejects the nomination. for the high position of Chief Justice. the Attorney General as the "legal arm of On the one hand, Chief Justice Earl War­ ren is busily trying to pressure the Senate These facts and issues mus,t be spelled out the Communist Party." to the Amrrican people so that they can let The International Juridical Association into confirmation. He threatens to remain on the bench if Mr. Fortas is not approved as their Senators know that they want the tra­ was succeeded in the Communist hierarchy his successor. Under the U.S. Constitution, ditions of our government upheld. Mr. Fortas by the National Lawyers Guild. The leader­ a justice of the Supreme Court has no voice may be a skilled political fixer, who has res­ ship of the two organizations interlock slg­ in the selection of his succeiisor. This does cued the Johnson administration from many nlftcantly. Fort.as was a member of the na­ not deter Mr. Warren, however, who already tight spots. But that is not a credential for tional executive board of the Natlon&l Law­ is guilty of many usurpations of power and Chief Justice. The next man who holds that yers Guild, which was cited by the U.S. At­ who has only contempt for the procedures post should be a man who cherishes the torney General as sUJbverslve. of constitutional government. Constitution and is respectful towards its While a professor at Yale, Forta.s was on The Senate has an unquestionable right to underlying principles. Mr. Fortas doesn't fit the board of the Law Students Association, .·refuse to confirm any judicial nomination it the bill. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22727 [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, Referring to Fortas• forays to the White Court and its justices something closer to a July 22, 1968] House, and the justice's reminder that many "people's tribunal." What some critical schol­ JUSTICE OFFICIALS CALLED To DEFEND MEMO others have done that, too, Hart said in tones ars have called an "undemocratic oligarchy" ON FORTAS of disbelief: may have passed into history. Justice Department officials today were "I confess that all of us, as citizens, had the notion that contact between the Presi­ asked to defend, in a Senate hearing tomor­ FORTAS GETS PRAISE FROM JUSTICE DEPT. dent and justices of the Supreme Court row, a memorandum praising the Supreme would be social only." (By Lyle Denniston) Court work of Justice Abe Fortas. There has been, almost always, a special The Justice Department, in a highly un­ At the request of Sen. Sam J. Ervin, D-N.C., the Senate Judiciary Cor.amittee invited de­ dignity surrounding the Supreme Court. It usual move, has defended Justice Abe Fortas has been called America's "secular pope," the as a judge who avoids the extremes and partment officials to testify on what Ervin institution from which a nation's public makes decisions that are "moderate" or described as an attempt to "propagandize the ideals were pronounced, above the level of "middle-ground." committee." politics and beyond the dogmas of the street. A 28-page memorandum, which adds up to The 28-page memorandum, drawn up by In modern times, the very personality of a thorough defense not only of Fortas but the department at the request of Sen. Philip chief Justices-Fred M. Vinson and Earl war­ also of the Supreme Court majority in con­ A. Hart, D-Mich., was given to the committee ren, both grandfatherly-conveyed the image troversial cases in the· last three years, was Saturday by Hart. He said he wanted -it to of respect and reserve. given to the Senate Judiciary Committee "give a balanced view" of Fortas' work to yesterday. offset criticism made by Southern senators. The habits and customs of the court, all scarlet-draped and black-robed, did the same. Sen. Philip A. Hart, D-Mich., said the mem­ Ervin's demand for the appearance of de­ orandum was prepared at his request. "I partment officials who wrote the document The U.S. government paid its antique re­ spects by sending its lawyers there, even to think it will be helpful to all of us to have added one more delay on the cominittee's some balanced view," he added. handling of Fortas' nomination to be chief this day, in morning clothes. justice. The physical setting-justices beyond PLACED IN RECORD Ervin said he could finish up his questions reach behind the great bench or behind huge Obviously aimed at dispelling any notion about Fortas and the memorandum in about brass hallway doors; thousands of square of Fortas as a far-out leftist and judicial an hour tomorrow. Committee Chairman feet of marble corridors empty of every­ activist, the department's document was James 0. Eastland, D-Miss., said this would thing but soaring columns-added to the made a part of the formal Senate record on end hearings on Fortas. museum atmosphere. Fortas' nomination to be chief justice. "I just have no idea" when the committee And above all, there were the judgments In effect, the memorandum makes the de­ will schedule the closed-door meeting to vote of the court, the opinions, speaking for fense of Fortas which he himself refused­ on Fortas, Eastland told newsmen. themselves: beyond remaining challenge, most of the time-to make in four days of It remained possible, however, that a vote with lawyers, and clients, mostly acquiescing testimony last week. could come Wednesday. politely. He insisted the Constitution forbids a Today the committee concluded temporari­ Fortas did not forfeit all of that last week, member of the court to answer to any other ly a series of hearings on President Johnson's to be sure. In fact, he told the Senate Judi­ branch of government for his official actions. noinination of Federal Judge Homer Thorn­ ciary Committee he hoped "the American Two Southern senators-Sam J. Ervin, D­ berry to become a new member of the court, people will venerate the institution, and N.C., and Strom Thurmond, R-S.C.-repeat­ provided Fortas moves up to chief justice. realize that these men (the justices) are edly criticized Fortas and the current court In testimony this morning. Thornberry doing their best, as God gives them wisdom majority for failing to show "judicial self­ broke his own rule of not commenting on and intelligence." restraint." court decibers being questioned of the Judi­ But as he made even more clear, he hoped Ervin raised the same complaint yesterday they would venerate the court for what it ciary Committee when he talked briefly a~ainst Judge Homer Thornberry, whom about an April ruling criticized by some sen­ does, not for what it is. It was in this sense, President Johnson has named to take Fortas' ators. too, that he sought to justify what he, even place if Fortas is approved as chief justice. The case on which Thornberry commented as a justice, has done for "the good of the The senator questioned the federal judge involved an anti-war demonstration against country" by aiding President Johnson. from Texas for a little more than an hour, President Johnson at Kileen, Tex., last year. He did not agree, he said, that a justice limiting his inquiry entirely to a 1966 opin­ The court ruled that a disturbing-the-peace of the SupremP, Court should always be will­ ion by Thornberry nullifying Texas' poll tax. law used against the demonstrators was un­ ing to step symbolically down from the court whenever a President had a job that a judge WON'T COMMENT ON WORK constitutional, but the tribunal refused to As Fortas repeatedly had done, Thornberry issue an order nullifying the law ih order might best do. But he did assert that the calls for help, said he would not answer questions about to give the Texas legislature a chance to his judicial work because of "the separation cure its unconstitutional features. when they involve matters of "great per­ plexity," are calls which no judge could re­ of powers, the Constitution and my oath." Thornberry was one of three judges join­ He argued, "Af.ter I issue an opinion, I ing in that court ruling, but he said that he fuse out of hand. And if they were not likely matters for a future court case, he ought ought not to try to amend, take back, or did not write the opinion which was un­ add to it." signed. not refuse, Fortas implied. Ervin criticized the three-judge court for The aristocratic lawyer and judge, not well Thornberry was asked to return tomorrow known by the public, was becoming-as the to answer more questions. However, Ervin "suspending the Constitution" by refusing to four public days ended-a public figure of said he had finished, and few of the other bar the use of a statute found unconstitu­ committee members are expected to have tional. moods and wit, of near-eagerness to be Abe Fortas went a considerable way last accommodating. many questions. week, somewhat against his will, to take the And it was as a quite accommodating wit­ It is expected that the committee will U.S. Supreme Court out of its marble mu­ ness that Fortas said more, in the traditional reach a vote on Fortas' nomination sometime seum and into more public realms. mold, than a justice would have. Four hours within the next 10 days. But it does not As a result, the court from now on is of sitting silent, as he and the court were plan to act on Thornberry until the full likely to be more the object of popular fas­ heavily assaulted seemed to turn Fortas, Senate votes on Fortas, in August or Sep­ cination, and perhaps less of popular awe. finally, into something of an apologist. tember. Not only did Fortas talk at length about Almost in a mood of weariness, he said as PUBLIC INTEREST NOTED how he was moved, with little doubt of the the final day of probing began: Fortas seemed impressed, and somewhat propriety, well beyond the close limits of the "Either yesterday, or the day before, or surprised, at the public's interest in his hear­ judge's role. He also defended that strongly, the day before that, I stated that I do not ings. After four days of weaving his way by talk of duty and patriotism, and made it believe the Supreme Court of the United through crowds of spectators to get to the seem almost common in history. States should or can appropriately make pol­ witness stand, and of seeing big headlines Moreover, by sitting, mostly with patience, icy or seek to bring about political or social about his testimony, Fortas told the senators as his record and the court's were severely change in this country." in a letter made public yesterday: tested by senators, Fortas set some precedents For a man who, as a private lawyer and "The hearings have impressed upon me for the right of Congress-and the people-to then as a justice, has helped the Supreme anew the acute interest and concern that check the court by complaining. Court apply "imperatives towards a greater exist with respect to the work of this court." Through it all, there emerged a view of the social order" in the nation, the comment and He repeated an earlier suggestion that the court, and its justices, as an institution of 1ts mood were a clear accommodation to court, lawyers who plead cases there, law men much more open to approach than the the persistence of his and the oourt's critics. professors and the press find new and better clas&ical notions of withdrawn reserve had The precedent of a sitting justice, who ways to inform the public of the court's allowed it to be. has been something of a leader of the court, work. He endorsed no specific steps, however. It was something of a shock. making peace with the severest of the trib­ Fortas' only broad attempt to defend him­ A remark by Sen. Philip A. Hart, D-Mich .. unal's challengers may not be repeated again self before the senators last week came on who knows hlstory and who is sensitive to soon. But the first precedent was enough to his role, even after joining the court, of popular feelings, suggested the near-startling have marked a historic change. helping Johnson in policymaking sessions at impact of the discoveries. Abe Fortas• testimony made the Supreme the White House. 22728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968

"MARKED BY RESTRAINT" This year's most controversial decasions by He said in the interview that his efforts a't The new Justice Department memorandum the court-on the right of Negroes to buy the GOP convention on the nominations does not mention that. It is limited to what private housing wherever they wish, and the question would be designed to get the Re­ is described as "a commentary indicating the power of the government to punish draft­ publicans on record in favor of rebuilding true scope and impact" of the court rulings card burners-the department also com­ "respect for the prestige of the court." criticized by Ervin and Thurmond. mends Fortas and the court. CA USE GAINING On the "open housing" case, the court's Summing up, the document argues that Although the Michigan lawmaker has been "the work of Justice Fortas has been marked opinion is described as one showing "defer­ ence and respect for the legislative role of conspicuous as a leader of the bloc of Re­ by an unusual degree of judicial restraint." publican senators, his cause of opposing Discounting the idea that a justice's rec­ Congress." By his vote with the majority to uphold Fort.as has been gaining some following ord could be assessed on the basis of "a scat­ among Southern Democrats. tering of cases,'' the department comments: punishment f·or burning draft cards, the de­ partment sa.id, "Justice Fort.as clearly ex­ Yesterday, one more Southerner-Sen. Er­ "The proper measure by which to assess nest F. Hollings, D-S.C.-announced he is the performance of a justice is to ask wheth­ pressed his view on one of the critical issues in the nation today, the limits of dissent against Fort.as' nomination. He is the fifth er his work as a whole reveals intelligence, Democrat to take that position publicly. craftsmanship, insight, and an understand­ in a free society." On another test case involving claims to In doing so, he ridiculed all of Griffin's ar­ ing of the Constitution and government. guments, saying they had "obscured" the real "On this score, Justice Fortas deserves ex­ "free speech" rights by persons involved in demonstrations, the department found issue, which is whether the Senate wants to tremely high marks." approve a continuation of the "Warren phil­ A department spokesman said Hart first Fortas' position one that "can hardly be said" to be "a license for unbridled demon­ osophy" on the Supreme Court. asked that the memorandum be drawn up Attacking the Warren-led court for "judi­ when Ervin began criticizing specific cases, strations" in public facilities. Fortas, and the court majority, also get cial activism," Hollings said a vote for Fort.as on Tuesday. It was enlarged from day to day "can only be taken as approving that brand as Ervin cited more cases and as Thurmond the department's support for a series of re­ of judicial philosophy." joined in doing so. cent decisions limiting federal and state controls on Communists and other "sub­ EFFORT UNPRECEDENTED versives." [From U.S. News & World Report, July 29, Staff members in the office of Deputy Atty. 1968] Gen. Warren Christopher prepared the docu­ [From the Washington (D.C.) Sunday Star, THE NOMINEE FOR CHIEF JUSTICE COMMENTS ment, the spokesman said. No one from For­ July 21, 1968] ON SOME KEY ISSUES tas' o:fHce, or any other o:fHce at the Supreme Justice Abe Fort.as, nominated to succeed Court, was involved in any way, it was re­ Sen. Robert P. Griffin, R-Mich., plans to take his fight on President Johnson's Su­ Earl Warren as the Chief Justice of the ported. United States, says in a recently published The effort was unprecedented. The Justice preme Court nominations to the Republican national convention next month. booklet that the nation is now "in the throes Department has sent o:fHcials to testify in of a vast revolution." favor of court nominees, but never previously He now has a staff member "working on a proposed platform plank that would relate to In the 64-page publication-entitled "Con­ had occasion to cefend a nominee's record as cerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience"­ a justice. appointments to the judiciary," Gri:fHn dis­ closed in an interview. the Supreme Court Justice comments on More than a third of the memorandum is controversial issues facing America today. devoted to the high court's most con trover­ It is almost a certainty that any attempt by the freshman senator to get such a plank Some of the views which Mr. Fortas expresses sial recent rulings in criminal law cases. in the booklet are given below. It challenges, as "greatly e~ggerated,'' the adopted will lead to a fight with the GOP two main complaints against the 1966 deci­ platform committee chairman, Sen. Everett LAWS OF THE LAND M. Dirksen of Illinois. sion-in the so-called "Miranda case"-grant­ Obeying the law. "I fully accept the prin­ ing criminal suspects the right to have a law­ Dirksen, the Senate minority leader, has ciple that each of us is subject to law; tha.t yer and to remain silent when police attempt vigorously supported Johnson's controversial each of us is bound to obey the law enacted to question them in the station house. nominations of Justice Abe Fort.as to be chief by his government." justice and Federal Judge Homer Thornberry These complaints are that the ruling was a Disobeying the law. "If I had been a Negro departure from existing law and that the de­ to be an associate justice on the court. Grif­ living in Birmingham or Little Rock or cision will have a "deleterious impact ... fin vigorously opposes both. Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, I hope on law enforcement." POSSIBLY CONCEDE I would have disobeyed the State law that IMPACT DISCOUNTED Gri:fHn conceded that a fight with Dirksen said I might not enter the public waiting room reserved for 'whites.' ... Citing two law school studies last year of is "a possibility," but added: "I hope not." the ruling's impact, the Justice Department In any case, the senator continued "This "It is only in respect to such laws--laws just can't be ignored. Those of us who feel that are basically offensive to f~ndamental said both "come to the same conclusion­ values of life or the Constitution-that a that the impact of Miranda on law enforce­ strongly about it are going to see that it gets aired. A platform approach is one way to do moral (although not a legal) defense of law ment has been small, and that the decision violation can possi,bly be urged. has had little effect, either on police prac­ that." tices or on the investigation and solution of Former Vice President Richard M. Nixon, "Anyone assuming to make the judgment the leading candidate for the GOP presiden­ that a law is in this category assumes a ter­ crime." rible burden. He has undertaken a fearful The department says the Court, in that tial nomination, has criticized President decision, "specifically invited the Congress Johnson for making nominations to the moral as well as legal responsibility. He court this late in his term. should be prepared to submit to prosecu­ to enact appropriate legislation dealing with tion by the state for the violation of law confessions and polil.ce inter:rogation." If it appears, when the convention opens on Aug. 5 in Miami Beach, that Nixon is and the imposition of punishment if he is On Fortas' role in that case, the memo­ wrong or unsuccessful." randum asserts that r·elated decisions made almost sure to be the winner, Griffin's cause by the court before he was a justice "fore­ might be aided. Rebellion vs. dissent. " ... The disobedi­ closed some of the possibilities that might Furthermore, if Nixon does become the ence of laws which are not themselves the nominee, it might be more difficult for Re­ target of the protest ... constitutes an act otherwise have been open to him." of rebellion, not merely of dissent." The document also commends Fortas for publican senators to vote-in effect--against The rule of law. "The state, the courts, and showing a "strong sense of judicial restraint" his views on the court nominations. Voting on the Fortas and Thornberry ap­ the individual citi:z;en are bound by a set of this year when he spoke of the need for laws ... and the state and the individual judges to permit police to arrest and try to pointments is not likely to come until after identify a man suspected of murder. the GOP convention, because time has grown must accept the courts' determinations of too short for the Senate to get through the what those rules are and mean in specific in­ ''MODERATE APPROACH" remaining steps that must precede a vote stances." Referring to criticism by senators of the on the Senate floor. VIOLENCE IN AMERICA justice's votes in favor of the civil rights of Griffin, who has been leading a group of What to do. "Violence must not be toler­ Negroes, the department sums up: 16 to 18 GOP senators who oppose the nom­ ated.... "A close analysis of Justice Fortas' posi­ inations, objects to Fort.as as a "crony" of "Rioters should be arrested, tried and con­ tions in these decisions demonstrates that he President Johnson's. But Griffin has raised victed." has consistently taken a moderate and other challenges that do not relate directly How much property damage? "An organized cautious approach to these difficult and com­ to Fort.as and Thornberry personally. society cannot and will not long endure per­ plex problems." Griffin believes that his opposition is de­ sonal and proper.ty damage, whatever the Discussing his "middle ground" position signed not to criticize the Supreme Court, reason, context, or occasion." endorsing congressional power to forbid but help regain what he considers to be its The alternatives to force. " ... We have private persons to discriminate racially, the lost prestige and status with the American many alternatives to the use of force. document says this position was "reasonable people. He frequently cites a recent Gallup "The citizen may bring pressure to bear and viable" and "offered guidance to the Poll showing the court's standing with the on the state by writing, speaking, orga­ Congress." people at an historic low. nizing, picketing, and demonstrating. He July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22729 may, in many instances, bring suit against project, called upon me in the matter, They serve many purposes. They pro­ the staite or its officials." and in turn, I was gratified to intercede vide a place to swim, to dive, fl.sh in and boat upon. Camping and hunting along their DISSENT AND PROTEST with the Department of Housing and Ur­ shores bring joy to many thousands. Reser­ Civil disobedience. "It is the state's duty ban Development and to learn of favor­ voirs created by dams serve to restrain flood to arrest and punish those who violate the able consideration for a $2,083,000 loan waters to generate electric power, store water laws designed to protect private safety and for this highly worthy project. to be released later to benefit municipal and public order." I am convinced that this splendidly industrial water supply and navigation. Government restraint. " ... There has conceived project will benefit a large Many of them support a variety of fish aru:J, been a remarkable absence of governmental other aquatic life and their environs furnish effort to curtail the right to dissent and number of worthy people, who would otherwise be hard pressed to secure suit­ abode for many forms of wildlife and water­ protest." fowl as well as a pleasant environmenit for Mass protests. ". . . City officials, police, able, living accommodations within their humans. and citizens must be tolerant of mass demon­ means. It is only now being fully comprehended strations, however large and inconvenient." Let me congratulate the pastor, the that America is in a fair way to losing many Rule for protesters. "Dissent and dissenters church leadership, and the people of the of these valuable benefits. have no monopoly on freedom .... They parish and of Fitchburg, upon the prog­ Lakes are subject to the same mistreat­ must accept dissent from their dissent." ress that has been made in advancing ment as the water flowing in the Nation's The police. "The fact that they represent rivers. The s·treams thait feed these bodies the state does not give them immunity from this very meritorious project. It is a real fine example of what able, of water are depositing their increasQng loads the consequences of brurtality or lawless­ of pollutanits in them where they accumu­ ness." conscientious, public-spirited and dedi­ late. THE NEGRO cated local leadership can do in solving There is little or no current, their capacity What's ahead for nation. "We must expect most challenging social problems. for regeneration by oXidation is more limited to live ... with continued friction. The than that of flowing water. Sanitary and needs [of the Negro] cannot be met in our industrial was·te matter is hasitend.ng the lifetime." na:tural process of eutrophication in many Negro achievements. "Negroes ... have STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN of them. Noxious aquatic organisms are in­ acquired the all-important access to the BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN BEFORE creasingly becoming a deterrent to enjoy­ ballot box. They have achieved positions of HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC ment. importance and affluence in our govern­ Some of our largest lakes have been called ments, State and federal. They have found WORKS. dying lakes-such as Lake Erie. others are solidarity and dignity." filling up with decaying vegetation, fish are YOUTH REVOLT AND THE DRAFT dying, waterfowl are lOSiing their natural HON. BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN habitat. The entire ecology is in trans'1ition Something new for nation. "The revolt OF GEORGIA and unless spartan measures are undertaken, of the young people, on and off the campus, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and soon, our Nation stands to lose a val­ is a fairly new phenomenon for this coun­ uable resource. try." Monday, July 22, 1968 I strongly advooate that the Congress es­ Campus as a refuge. "I know of no legal Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, earlier pouse an energetic program of resuscitation. principle which protects students on campus The Secretary of the Interior should be from the consequences of ac·tivities which this session, I had the pleasure of sub­ mitting a statement to the House Pub­ authorized to direct, and implement by would be violations of law if undertaken grant or contract, pilot studies and demon­ elsewhere." lic Works Committee when it was hold­ stration projects to develop and impr-0ve The military draft. "From time imme­ ing hearings on the conservation of our methods of prevention, removal and control morial, service in the armed forces . . . has water resources. of pollut.ion in lakes, and elimination or con­ been regarded as an obligation which the Specifically, the committee included trol of undesirable nutrients and vegetaition. state may impose. . . ." two of my bills in list of measures it was Pilot programs should be undertaken by War protest. ". . . The state cannot ac­ holding hearings on. These bills are H.R. arrangement with State, interstate, munici­ knowledge an individual's right to veto its 16257, the Clean Lake Act of 1968, and pal or other public agencies at locales where decision that a particular war is right and there is aocess by the general public. necessary.'' H.R. 16559, the Oil and Hazardous Sub­ All agencies concerned with the natural REVOLUTION stance Control Act of 1968. I feel that it environment should be oonsulted. These How peaceful? "We are now in the throes is essential that the Congress adopt these would include the public hea1th, fish and of a vast revolution. Considering its scope measures in order to preserve our Na­ wildlife and water resource agencies. and depth, it has been relatively peaceful. tion's lakes and beaches. Such activi.ty S!hould be undertaken im­ I think that, even a.s of today, it is the most For the information of my colleagues, mediately and might well be financed with profound and pervasive revolution ever I would like to insert my statement to the Federal funds up to 90% of the cost to ensure achieved by substantially peaceful means." early action. committee in the RECORD: Staite and local participants should, of STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN BENJAMIN B. course, provide assurances that the improved BLACKBURN quality of the lake environment would be (Subject: We must keep moving forward maintained. FITCHBURG'S FINE LEADERSHIP in the battie against water pollution.) Experience gained by these pilot programs It is no exaggeration to say that today the can be utilized and applied elsewhere. public is aware of the manifold aspects of A start for this program should be pro­ HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN the problem of pollution of the Nation's water vided to the extent of at leasit $5 million. OF MASSACHUSETTS supply. I feel it incumbent upon me to make clear Since 1948 the Federal Government has my personal conviction that the role of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taken an ever increasing part in the effort to federal government should be one of research Monday, July 22, 1968 prevent, abate and control this dangerous . and development and not enforcement. The condition. need for clarification of my position has Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, one of the Although the States have primary respon­ arisen as a result of a statement issued by the finest housing programs that has come sibility in this area there are many ways by Secretary of the Interior dated February 8, to my attention in some time is the con­ which the Congress has and must continue 1968. struction of a residential, apartment to foster Federal participation. The Secretary of the Interior, in that state­ building under the sponsorship of the This committee has before it numerous ment, has asserted a degree of control over First Parish Church of Fitchburg, Mass., proposals to extend and strengthen the na­ local, state, and water control which, in my tional water pollution program. opinion, goes far beyond the authority in my district. All of these proposals have some degree granted to him by the Congress. This project will be a 10-story struc­ of merit. I propose to address myself to sev­ In his statement, the Secretary has issued a ture with 168 dwelling units and monthly eral which I believe to be of utmosit impor­ regulation which would require any expan­ rates will begin at $79.50. tance to the health and welfare of America sion of industrial discharge, or municipal The project was the concept of the as they may result in the protection and sewage to be first approved by not only the leadership and people of the First Par­ improvement of the quality of its most im­ State Water Control Board which has right­ ish Church, and it was very well con­ portant natural resource. fully primary jurisdiction over such discus­ America is many times blessed by having sions, but also approval from the Secretary ceived and planned. within its boundaries thousands of beautiful of the Interior. Our dear, esteemed friend, and distin­ lakes, of varying size, natural and man-made. It was never intended by the Congress that guished business, civic, and philanthropic They range from small farm ponds to the the Secretary of the Interior should have leader, Mr. George R. Wallace III, the magnificent Great Lakes, and include the such broad ranging authority as to abrogate pastor, and others interested in this fine many splendid reservoirs, the works of man. unto himself the final and absolute control 22730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 over the uses of waterways throughout the pollutants and methods must be developed and rivers flowing to the Atlantic and the nation. for elimination of those found to be dele­ Gulf of Mexico. This unwarranted assumption of power by terious to man's health and welfare. These same streams and rivers, reinforced the Secretary of the Interior, poses a real and As soon as possible knowledge developed by the sanitary wastes, wOOd pulp and paper dangerous threat to the expansion of indus­ in the laboratory should be tried in the field, mill wastes of the region provides a major try and the essential uses by municipalities through the pilot demonstration program, portion of the municipal and industrial wa­ and local governments of the streams within which again exists in current authority but ter supplies for the cities of the seaboard and the various states. To require an additional should be greatly strengthened and ex­ Gulf areas. approval from Washington, after industrial panded. Direct application to the benefit of The deteriorated condition of the waters and local authorities have secured approval the national water pollution control program flowing initially through the coal fields re­ from state water control boards is to create of the Nation would then follow. A great deal quire costly and complex purifioation before an additional impediment to growth without remains to be done in this respect. they can be rendered potable or suitable for any corresponding benefit. An area in which a serious weakness is industrial use. The state of Georgia has been recognized developing in the war against water pollution Seals at many long deserted mines have as providing valuable leadership among the is the lack of trained personnel. This is true deteriorated, and crumbled in many hun­ states in the development and implementa­ of engineers needed to design treatment dreds of instances, permitting free flow of tion of water purity standards. Other states plants and sewer systems, and of the tech­ these corrosive substances. recognizing the hazards to our streams and nical talent needed to operate the plants I believe that a pilot demonstration pro­ lakes are likewise making great strides in when constructed. gram for solving this problem is clearly indi­ policing the usages of their streams. Those It is vitally necessary that this situation cated. persons who give direction and leadership be corrected. Estuaries and estuarine areas found at the within their state water control agencies are At the present time there is a program in termini of our many rivers and streams are just as competent and sincere as the minions operation at the field laboratory in Cincin­ zones of great productivity. They provide surrounding the Secretary of Interior and I n ati which provides a training course for the essential spawning and feeding grounds will trust their judgment. technica.l personnel. I strongly urge that for the many forms of aquatic life that are The Torrey Canyon disaster off the coast of this program be expanded. Authority for a the foundation for the harvestable resources England was only the most spectacular of a definitely larger program should be included of the sea. continuing series of such incidents which in any legislation on water pollution con­ They form the irreplaceable habitat for a have occurred. These oil spills, accidental as trol. This institution should provide train­ vast array of birds. It is the source of m any well as willful, are extremely damaging, both ing to state water pollution control person­ foods such as shrimp, crab, clams and oys­ esthetically and economically, and they must nel in order for them to carry out their ters. not be allowed to continue. functions more effec·tively. There where the fresh water and the salt The Secretary of the Interior and the Sec­ Similarly the program now in existence water intermingle is where beauty, recrea­ retary of the Department of Transportation, granting fellowships at various institutions tion, and great economic activity can be in which the United States Coast Guard is in the field of sanitary engineering should found. Unfortunately, the considerable nat­ located, should be empowered to draft strict be vastly expanded and made attractive ural resources of these areas are being threat­ regulations for vessels carrying oil on the enough to induce young engineering stu­ ened even as the other navigable waters of high seas. dents in greater numbers to specialize in the Nation. The ae<:umulated wastes of up­ The custom of discharging oil into the the field. This could be done by granting stream cities, farms, industries, and other sea from vessels should be absolutely pro­ scholarships as is being done in many fields activities are concentrated here. Civilization, hibited within a distance of not less than 12 throughout Federal programs. modern version, has spread over the sands, miles from shore. Should this be done the The vast oonstruction program, to oo.y salt rna.rshes, and shallow waters of our owners of any discharging vessel should be nothing of the research and demonstration shorelines. Many estuaries have already been held responsible for cleaning the beaches and programs which are important elements in ruined, many oyster beds have been closed for eliminating the oil patches in the water the Nation's efforts to achieve some degree because the water is so polluted that it is for which they ·are responsible. They should of sanity in its treatment of the physical unsafe to eat oysters taken from them. be held liable for the costs of such cleanup. environment, will require, for many years, Wetlands are constantly being lost to the Unfortunately, the practice of emptying an infinitely increased number of trained land speculator and real estate developer. old oil and bilge tanks close in shore has personnel. Traditionally, Americans have looked up­ become entirely too common. The result has The control of water pollution involves on wetlands as wastelands. Thus, it has be­ been that beaches up and down the coast­ more than just money. Without the man­ come customary to treat them as dumps. lines of the United States have been en­ power to carry out programs and projects to Factories, homes, hotels, all find coastal countering ever more frequently of late un­ appropriate more money would be a waste of marshes and tidewater fiats handy reposi­ sightly patchee of oil besmirching the time. tories for their garbage and other wastes. beaches, entangling waterfowl, and adversely Philadelphia Water Commissioner Samuel Marine life which normally proliferates affecting all forms of aquatic life. Baxter testified two years ago before Con­ within the delicately balanced estuarine en­ This must stop. The best way to do it is to gress when he was president of the Ameri­ vironment, and which provides the nourish­ provide for strict regulations and rigid can Water Works Association that he seri­ ment for a large proportion of the economi­ enforcement. ously doubted whether we had enough cally valuable products of the fishing Oil pollution is not the only kind resulting depth of technical talent to extract full industry is being destroyed. Recreational op­ benefit from spending on the scale then be­ portunities are being lost due to deteliora­ from the operation of shipping. There is tion of the environment. sanitary waste from ships and even small ing proposed. The engineering manpower boats. There are many waterfront industries, situation hasn't changed for the better It is highly important that this situation since. be corrected before the valuable natural re­ wharves, docks, warehouses and other build­ source is destroyed. ings and structures, where man's activities A spokesman for the Water Pollution result in waste products being deposited in Control Federation says also that plant There should be an immediate survey and the ocean, estuarine waters, and rivers. operators are very scarce in many areas, study of the potentials of the resources of These are responsible for a great volume of probably because of poverty level wages, but estuarine areas. The end result should be pollutants in many forms and should be held the supply is better in some areas where development of means to prevent, abate and responsible to the same extent. wages are better. Overall there is a strin­ control the pollution now taking place al­ gency prevailing of truly trained technicians. most without restraint. It may be that some In these days of lightning fast develop­ In too many instances untrained persons are estuarine are·as should be set aside and pre­ ment in all of the branches of science and assigned the task of operating the plants, or served in their primitive natural state, but technology new products are being manufac­ the plants cannot be operated efficiently or in any event they are too valuable to be tured, new substances are being formed, par­ at full capacity for the lack of manpower. allowed to become extinct as productive ticularly in the chemical world. A fair pro­ Boston's new $20 million treatment plant is areas. portion of most of these find their way into suffering in that very manner. Federal, State and local agencies should the Nation's watercourses where they do not Adequate funds should be provided for an cooperate in an intensive effort to preserve belong in nature. Little is known of the expanded program of training personnel at them. Ample authority and funds should be effects of these many substances on man, on all levels of expertise. provided for the Federal Government to or­ water quality and on property. Basic data is Two-thirds of the streams Qlf Appalachia ganize and coordinate a broadbased investi­ completely lacking on many of them, meth­ have been proved to be grossly polluted. A gation of methods to combat the present ods of treating them are not known to be princ:ipal cause of this is acid drainage from situation. completely efficient, and the long term effect coal mines which are distributed throughout If any of the language in the b1lls which is completely unknown. this unfortunate region. Many strip mining I have introduced could be construed to ex­ It is essential that the research program operations lie bare, open and abandoned tend the authority of the Secretary of the of the Federal Water Pollution Control Ad­ with a constant drainage into nearby Interior, then, I request thait the Committee ministration be continued and greatly streams. A large number of underground modify the language of my bills to correct strengthened. This may be done by in house mines have been closed down, their en­ this situaition. research and by contract. trances imperfectly sealed. These circum­ I have mentioned only some of what I Such a program should be directed at de­ stances result in a constant flow of sulfur­ consider to be important aspects of the war termining the characteristics and effects of ous, acid substances to the many s.treams against pollution of our greatest sln.irle nat- July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22731 ural resource. There are others, of course, two lights and is in fact an automotive was a "leisure study" to d·etermine the rea­ covered by the numerous bills now before vehicle. sons for the presence of individuals at the this committee. I trust to the good judg­ demonstration. Subsequently, to make the ment of the Committee to approve legil!la­ According to the material I have read, responses more meaningful, additional ques.­ tion which will continue unabated the battle the glow has an intensity approximately tions about individual attitudes resulted in which is so vital to the safety and welfare equal to that of a car's parking light and the following questions: of our Nation. is visible in excess of 500 feet. The reason 1. Do you favor allowing peaceful demon­ the safety filament itself is not suscep­ strations on campus? tible to burnout is that it burns at a much 2. Do you favor allowing violence on cam­ pus? lower temperature than the main fila­ 3. Do you support actions to enforce the "ONE-EYE MENACE" ELIMINATED ments. law? BY NEW "FAIL-SAFE" HEADLAMP I am pleased that the "one-eye men­ 4. Do you support forcible removal of Dow ace," which the new headlamp should people from campus? REMARKS eliminate, is one of the safety problems 5. What actions, if any, do you favor to OF being researched by the National High­ cause Dow's removal? way Safety Bureau. 6. Do you support damaging property? HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. 7. Do you support resisting arrest? 8. Do you support forcing entry into build­ OF NEW JERSEY ings? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9. Do you favor physical control of the Ad·· CAMPUS DEMONSTRATIONS DO NOT Monday, July 22, 1968 ministration Building? ACCURATELY REFLECT ATTI­ 10. What other reactions do you have to Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, "one-eye TUDES OF AN ENTffiE STUDENT the demonstrations in past or today? menace" is an expression some of our BODY Background: The March 11th demonstra­ colleagues may never have heard, but tion followed on the heels of a 2-day demon­ it is a menace all of us have encountered stration in November, 1967, protesting Dow on on our Nation's highways. It is the auto­ HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER campus. During the November incident, sev­ OF CALIFORNIA eral were injured, college property damaged, motive industry's term for the danger 19 persons arrested, tri·ed and subsequently that occurs when one headlight of a car IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES convicted of such charges as unlawful assem­ burns out on the road. Monday, July 22, 1968 bly, resisting arrest, battery, failure to leave As we all know, when we approach an state college property, carrying deadly and oncoming vehicle with one headlamp Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, on concealed weapons, and disturbing the peace. burned out-or observe through our rear­ March 11, 1968, a nationally publicized Earlier, in October, a student group called view mirror such a vehicle approaching demonstration by students .of San Jose the National Liberation Front attempted to us-we cannot tell whether it is a motor- · State College took place on the San Jose stop Marines recruiting resulting in several State College campus. The matter being arrests on misdemeanor charges. Another cycle, bicycle, or automobile that has event involved the disruption of ROTC drill drifted over the center line. That instant protested was the presence of represent­ and resulted in the suspension of three stu­ of danger is multiplied many times all atives of the Dow Chemical Co. on the dents from college. over the country. In fact, according to campus for the purpose of recruiting An uneasy calm prevailed on the campus, reliable statistics, 34 million headlamps graduates as Dow employees. the controversy continuing through meetings burn out each year. A few people resented the fact that as well as letters and stories in the press. Yet despite all the time and attention in one portion of its farflung operation, Following a subsequent disturbance at San the Dow Chemical Co. made napalm for Francisco State College, the campus behavior given to automotive safety in recent came under the scrutiny of the State College years-by Congress, by automobile and use by the Armed Forces. Board of Trustees; they passed a resolution automotive equipment manufacturers, Prof. Donald F. Sinn, a professor of demanding m·ore strict campus discipline. and the National Highway Safety Bu­ recreation at San Jose State College, San Jose State College President Robert D. reau-this problem of the "one-eye men­ conducted an extensive study of this Clark, re-emphasized the college policy of ace" has been neglected. Until now. protest demonstration which establishes maintaining an open campus with everyone I am happy to call to the attention of that the majority of those present dur­ guaranteed the right to speak . . ing the demonstration were either seek­ However, rumors of another demonstration our colleagues a new headlamp develop­ were soon confirmed in the Spartan Daily, ment that eliminates this menace. Its ing information or were there out of indicating that an attempt would be made to trade name is "Guard-Glo" and it has curiosity; they were not there to express stop Dow recruiters at their next scheduled been developed by Wagner Electric sympathy with the announced purpose appearance March 11th. Speeches and pam­ Corp.'s Tung-Sol division. And I am of the demonstration. I am pleased to phlets urged support of militant action. As proud to report that the corporation has include as part of my remarks a sum­ the d ay approached, however, responsible its headquarters in Newark, N.J., in my mary report of this demonstration which students as well as the San Jose Chief of Po­ was made by Professor Sinn and an in­ lice, appealed to students to refrain from congressional district. Tung-Sol has long violence. At the same t ime, preparations were been a leader in the development of terview survey team composed of senior made for the p ossibility of more campus vio­ safety-oriented automotive lighting. recreation majors. This survey clearly lence. As the day arrived, the issues appeared I have read the literature describing shows that at least this campus demon­ to be centered mainly on opposition to Dow this new lamp which I consider to repre­ stration did not reflect the attitude of as a manufacturer of n apalm used in the sent a giant step forward in automotive the entire student body. The survey Vietnam war, opposition to U.S. participation safety. In fact, a member of Canadian follows: in the war, and oppositi on to the draft. The March 11 Demonstration: As an­ Parliament, Fred Young, has urged his OPINION SURVE Y OF INDIVIDUALS PRESENT AT nounced publicly, individuals began demon­ Government to make this devke man­ CAMPUS PROTEST DEMONSTRAT;ION, SAN JosE strating in front of the College Administra­ datory on all automotive vehicles in STATE COLLEGE, MARCH 11, 1968 tion Building about 8:00 a .m . By 10 :15 some Canada. Introduction: This is a summary of find- 50 or more persons were walking in a circle The new headlamp is a "fail-safe" de­ ings and conclusions * resulting from a study carrying Eigns. Observing were as many stu­ vice in that an extra safety filament re­ conduct ed through personal interviews by dents and others. By 11 :00 a .m . the crowd mains lighted after a main filament Donald F . Sinn, Professor of Recreation, San had swelled to 500 or more and they were Jose State College, San Jose, California, of addressed by spokes..'llen of the SDS (Stu­ burns out, thus providing a low-candle­ 241 individuals present March 11, 1968, at a dents for a Democratic So.ciety). At 11 :30 power warning glow to oncoming cars campus demonst ration protesting the pres­ a .m ., the crowd moved to Tower Hall in the and to those being overtaken. The new en ce of representat ives from Dow Chemical center o.f the campus, the locale of President headlamp is identical with conventional Company to interview students interested in Clark's office. They found the doors of the types except for the presence of this employment with the firm. Administration Building closed. A series of safety filament, which burns at low watt­ A team of 29 senior recreation majors in­ speeches were made during the next 3 hours. terviewed a total of 241 individuals as a ran­ The crowd was urged to attempt an entry age for the entire life of the lamp. The dom sampling from an estimated 1,000 per­ extra filament is placed within the lamp into the Administration Building, but this sons present at the demonstration during its got no response. Interes't in the speakers so as not to interfere with driving illu­ occurrence on campus. The initial purpose gradually declined, and the demonstration mination. When a burnout occurs, the eventually dissipated. Only one act of vio­ safety filament remains lighted-not to *Detailed data are described in a compre­ lence was reported, wherein a female demon­ provide illumination but merely to glow hensive report prepared by the Project Co­ strator allegedly assaulted a male student so that it is obvious that the vehicle has ordinator, D. F. Sinn. carrying a sign supporting Dow. 22732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS J.uly 22, 1968 The Study: It had been hypothesized that, It seems probable that only a small crowd the 1llegal capture and inhumane detention while some persons at the demonstrations would have been present at the demonstra­ of the men of the U.S.S. Pueblo. would obviously be determined to incite or tion if spectators, the curious or those look­ "Not a word has been uttered by U Thant, to actually engage in acts of violence, the ing for fun and excitement had remained the head of the United Nations, nor has any reasons for the presence of a substantial away. Of those present with a direct in­ member of that august body spoken out in number present would vary considerably. terest in the demonstration, only a small behalf of these heroic 82 American service­ Furthermo·re, it was considered possible that minority desired violence. This distinction men. I also deplore the lack of publicity af­ many would be present, appearing to support would seem necessary when examinir~g forded this incident by the majority of the the demonstration when, in fact, they may photographs showing large crowds at demon­ news media of our nation, which can and have only been there to seek excitement, strations, such as the November demonstra­ does piously criticize over inhumane acts break monotony, for first-hand information, tion. committed within other nations, but conven­ or out of curiosity. Obviously, all persons At the same time, it must also be rec­ iently play down and forget these brave were present voluntarily and, quite probably, ognized that the mere presence of individ­ American men." in what would be their personal leisure time. uals whose motives are curiosity, informa­ Scerra charged that "North Korea has A plan was made to determine the variance tion and the like tend to lend physical, if abrogated all of the international rules of in reasons for attending the March 11 dem­ not moral support, to those whose intent it may be to incite violence. The extent to law governing the treatment of prisoners-of­ onstration and the intent of involvement by war. As far as I know the United States is students in support of or opposition to dem­ which those who are uncommitted may later give physical support to a protest demon­ not even, nor has it ever been, at war with onstrations. A senior recreation class studying North Korea. The United States is a guest problems in recreation-park administration stration with the "right" type of provoca­ tion, leadership or elocution was, of course, in South Korea as part of a United Nations was invited to conduct the interviews on a peace-keeping mission. Troops from other volunteer basis and accepted. not determined by this survey. Nor was there any way of determining the extent to U.N. member nations are also stationed in The procedure: Recording answers to South Korea. I hate to think of the inter­ planned questions on 5 x 8 index cards and which the findings of the March 11 survey correlated with the attitudes and opinions national hue and cry if an incident similar the interview team, with some training for to the pirating by North Korea of the U.S.S. objectivity and uniformity, interviewed 241 of the November demonstrators. From this survey, we can gain some in­ Pueblo occurred to a vessel of some other persons during the demonstration c0mprising U.N. member. 59 % males and 41 % females, of which 90 % sight into the makeup of a group of demon­ strators, recognizing that, with all of the "To date the parents and loved ones have were found to be students. A random sam­ received no definitive word as to the true pling of persons located at various geographi­ potential for violence (and strong desire, presumably, on the part of the more mili­ health and welfare of their men. North Korea. cal areas (core, fringe and in-between) was has not allowed them be visited by mem­ made. tant), students do not desire violence and, to in fact, deplore it. One would have to ques­ bers of the International Red Cross, or any Summary of findings and conclu,sions: Al­ other international group. Against all the though there had been an obvious effort to tion whether a cause on campus can com­ mand the support and respect of the major­ rules of international law, these prisoners achieve maximum support for the demon­ have been utilized by the communists for strator's cause (findings supported the fact ity of students unless it exercises leadership in a peaceful manner. propaganda purposes. In essence they have that many feelings were divided in sympathy been used 1llegally. for Dow or demonstrations) most persons supported (98%) peaceful demonstrations "The 1,425,000 members of the Veterans and 84 % opposed allowing violence on of Foreign Wars of the United States deplore campus. 63% favored actions to enforce the VFW DEMANDS RETURN OF the atrocious treatment of 82 American ser­ vicemen. We wonder why the publics here at law. Very few supported the damaging of "PUEBLO" CREW property, forcibly entering or trying to con­ home and abroad have not been vocally out­ trol buildings, or of forcing Dow people oft raged by this horrendous act. All Americans campus through direct action. must call on their government to tell the truth about rthe Pueblo. Are these men still Only some 27 % of males and 35 % of the HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK females said they favored resisting arrest. OF OHIO alive? Are they healthy? Is our government doing all in its power to bring them home?" Contrary to popular thought, and support­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The V.F.W. Commander said that "it is ing the hypothesis, 64 % of those persons Monday, July 22, 1968 present said they were at the demonstration about time the American people demand the for reasons which were neutral in character. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the return of these men. If enough public reac­ That ls, they neither supported nor opposed tion is generated here at home, and abroad, Veterans of Foreign Wars have again then quite possibly the international fuss and the demonstrators. "Seeking information" expressed indignation over the fate of the and "curiosity" were the most common rea­ bother would compel communist North Korea sons for their presence (47%), with another U.S.S. Pueblo and her crew. to return our men, alive and healthy. This 13 % motivated for fun, excitement, breaking A news release, coming 6 months after is what the great majority of Americans want monotony, taking pictures or killing time. the crew was seized in an incredible act their government to do." 30 % said they were there to support or assist of piracy, asks: the demonstrators, while 6% stated they were We wonder why the publics here at home present to oppose the demonstrations. and abroad have not been vocally outraged At the same time, a variety of strong at­ by this horrendous act. All Americans must SOVIET DILEMMA titudes were expressed both in opposition to call on their government to tell the truth Dow people on campus as well as the use of about the Pueblo. Are these men still alive? police in connection with the demonstra­ Are they healthy? Is our government doing HON. HASTINGS KEITH tion. A few highly mmtant statements in­ all in its power to bring them home? cluded proposals to burn down the college OF MASSACHUSETTS Administration Building, to bomb Northern It is tragic that the administration has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES California and to napalm Dow personnel. The not secured release of these men. It is Monday, July 22, 1968 overwhelming majority favored a variety of also tragic that the American people do such peaceful actions as continued peace­ not really know the facts: it is tragic but Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, recent de­ ful demonstrations, student council actions, it is not unusual for these particular velopments in Eastern Europe have and persuading the administration. times and this particular national lead­ dramatized the fact that the cold war is A few critical statements were made about not entirely over on that continent. demonstrators, accusing them of violating ership. their own claims and demands for individual I include the VFW release at this point Czechoslov.akia, whose dismember­ student rights. in the RECORD: ment signaled the end of the interwar Some students expressed fear about WASHINGTON, D.C., July 23.-The Com­ period, is again being subjected to out­ demonstrations being so highly organized, mander-in-Chief of the Veterans of Foreign side pressures which threaten that na­ while others ridiculed the poor organiza­ Wars of the United States today "deplored tion's sovereignty and independence. This tion. Several students expressed dismay and the stagnant lack of international concern is not "a quarrel in a faraway country concern about the adverse effects of violence, over the totally unlawful and inhumane between people of whom we know noth­ admitting that it upset them personally. As treatment by communist North Korea of the ing," as Neville Chamberlain was moved many pro-ci.emonstration as anti-demonstra­ 82 living American crewmen of the captured to remark 30 years ago. Czechoslovakia tion interviewees held this position. Thus, U.S. Naval ship Pueblo." there seemed to be little, if any, actual sym­ Joseph A. Scerra, of Gardner, Mass., the is, rather, a traditionally civilized and pathy toward acts of violence among the V.F.W. Commander charged that "peace enlightened nation which occupies the proponents, opponents or those found to be groups here at home and those abroad have heartland of Europe. Its survival as such neutral. Rather, most individuals desired consistently berated the United States for is of as great concern to the United actions to enforce the law and continue so-called 'aggressive acts' in Vietnam, yet States as is that of any other nation on peaceful de-monstrations. their loud protests are ominously silent on the periphery of Soviet Power. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22733 Whatever the outcome of the present in Italy to challenge the Christian Demo­ interairport transfers substantially crats. easier-the connecting passenger could crisis, its effects will certainly be felt Likewise, in France, Waldeck Rochet's many years hence, both on the European Communists form the No. 2 party, behind buy a through ticket which would leave continent and in the arena of Soviet­ the Gaull1sts. all baggage handling to the airlines--and American relations. A Soviet move against Czechoslovakia providing ready access to all three air­ Few of the newspaper analyses of this would seriously damage both parties' chances ports from most other points in the area. subject which I have read have been as of gaining or sharing power in these nations. Last, but by no means least, the pro­ perceptive in respect to the basic issues In order to survive politically, they would posals of two of the applicants would have to dissociate themselves from Moscow. link downtown Baltimore to downtown involved as an editorial which appeared It is probable that the decentralization of in the Quincy Patriot-Ledger last Fri­ the Communist movement would be com­ Washington, which would substantially day. So that this thoughtful piece of pleted, with the emergence of independent benefit the business communities of both journalism may receive recognition be­ and nationalist Marxist parties. cities. yond the area of the Patriot-Ledger's Against these considerations ls the distinct Another important public benefit of circulation, I, under unanimous consent, threat to the system of loyal buffer states the service would be the incentive it include it in the RECORD: the Russians have created since World War would provide for the transfer of jet II. Of these, Communist Poland and East :flights from National to the underused (From the Quincy (Mass.) Patriot-Ledger, Germany-the most Stalinist nation in the July 19, 1968) bloc under Walter Ulbricht--are the most facilities at Friendship and Dulles. Not SOVIET DILEMMA critical to Russia. only would this relieve congestion at The Soviet Union is facing one of its But Czechoslovakia is the next nation in Washington's intown airport, but it would gravest policy decisions in recent years: what the East European tier, and both Poland also contribute to a reduction in the over­ to do about Czechoslovakia. and East Germany are noticeably apprehen­ all noise levels which are now the con­ The Russians have not yet run out all sive over having a liberalized, nationalist cern of so many Washington area resi­ their options. But they have gone far towards neighbor. It could become contagious. Rus­ dents. Despite all these public benefits, committing themselves in their ultimatum sia does not wa.nt its closest all1es to become no Federal support of any kind would delivered to Prague, in which they were unreliable. be involved. joined by Hungary and the hard-liners in Moreover, the Bohemian mountains in East Germany and Poland. In effect, the new Czechoslovakia form strategic territory for Incredible as it may seem, a CAB hear­ Czech regime of Alexander Dubcek has been Warsaw Pact military planning, a natural ing examiner recently issued an initial ordered to scrap its liberalization trend, and barrier against potential attack from Cen­ decision recommending against the cer­ return to the fold of "true Marxism­ tral Europe which the German and Polish tification of any of the applicants. For­ Lenin1sm." plains obviously do not have. tunately, the Board itself is now review­ The Czechs have been told to eliminate So far in the war of nerves, the Czech ing this decision and I am confident that political groups opposed to the Communist government is standing its ground. What Moscow must decide is how far to go in try­ it will be reversed. The apparent basis for line, reimpose censorship, and toe the Krem­ the examiner's decision was that in his lin's line. ing to discipline Prague, and which policies The Czechs are defiantly rejecting these will cost the Soviet Union the least damage. own opinion the prospects for a profitable demands. and self-sustaining helicopter opemtion The question is, how far will the Russians are not as good as the applicants have go in trying to halt the Czech swing toward contended. I do not see how such a find­ liberalization, including open discussion of WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE HELI­ ing can justify not awarding the author­ issues and criticism of Russia? And many COPTER INVESTIGATION ity on at least an experimental basis are asking, wm there be another Hungary? when none of the applicants would be The Russians have the power to forcibly eligible for Federal support and one has evict th~ new Czech Communist leadership. HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL But they would pay a heavy price for mili­ assured the Board that it would risk tary or subversive activity against the Dubcek OF MARYLAND only its own capital without support from government. They would face the prospect IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the fixed-wing carriers. The potential of having to occupy Czechoslovakia for years, Monday, July 22, 1968 benefits for the service are many; if there as they did Hungary, to make their action are any particular interests which could stick. Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, the Civil be hurt by the operation of the service, If the Russians did use force against the Aeronautics Board currently has under they have not made themselves known. Czechs, it is very unlikely that the United consideration a matter which is of im­ The airlines serving this area favor the States would intervene militarily. Difficult mense consequence to residents of the proposed helicopter operations and have, as it was, the United States did not inter­ Baltimore metropolitan area, whom I vene in Hungary in 1956. We would be less in fact, formed their own company to wUling today to risk war with Russia and the represent here in Congress, and to the compete for the franchise-this particu­ dangers of nuclear fighting, especially in view airline industry in general, with which lar applicant has not, unfortunately, of our heavy military commitments in I am intimately concerned in my capacity proposed immediate service to downtown Vietnam. as chairman of the Subcommittee on Baltimore. The traveling public certainly Yet the Russians would be seriously penal­ Transportation and Aeronautics of the stands everything to gain and nothing to ized for using force against Czechoslovakia. House Committee on Interstate and For­ lose and all of the applicants have com­ World opinion, which the Russians have eign Commerce. The proceeding in ques­ mitted themselves to noise abatement been carefully cultivating, would be out­ tion is the Washington-Baltimore heli­ procedures. There are no presently exist­ raged. The developing policy of improving copter service investigation, in which five ing competitive interests at stake. Under relations with the United States would be applicants are competing for the right demolished, along with the chances for the circumstances, there would appear achieving an East-West reduction of mm­ to operate a much-needed helicopter to be no justification for failing to cer­ tary forces in Europe. The hard-liners in service between the downtown city cen­ tificate whichever applicant the Board West Germany would be strengthened. And ters of Washington and Baltimore, on finds most qualified. Russia would face the prospect of losing the one hand, and the three area air­ The Washington-Baltimore area needs whatever control she still has over national ports, on the other, as well as between and very much wants a helicopter shuttle Communist parties outside Eastern Europe. the airports and between the city centers service linking the three area airports The dispute between Russia and Commu­ themselves. Such a service would have with the two downtown areas. Congress nist China has fragmented international obvious benefits to our regional Friend­ communism. The Soviet Union has worked has shown its own concern by directing hard to repair the damage and to regain in­ ship International Airport, which suffers that a permanent heliport be established fluence over Communist parties outside the now from limited modes of surface ac­ on the site of the new National Visitor Warsaw Pact system. cess from downtown Washington and Center facilities. Now the Civil Aeronau­ Now, Western Europe's two leading Com­ other outlying areas. The proposed hel­ tics Board, which has twice launched in­ munist parties, those in France and Italy, icopter service would link Friendship not have sided with the Czech regime, along only to downtown Washington but also vestigations on its own initiative into the with President Tito of Yugoslavia and to its own downtown Baltimore and, un­ need for a certificated service here, has, Romania's lea.der Nicolae Ceauscescu-both der the proposal of one of the applicants, in my opinion, the duty to certificate at of whom have successfully defied Moscow. eventually to the Maryland suburban least on an experimental basis, which­ Italy has the largest Communist party in ever applicant has shown the best pros­ the West. In the last election, the Italian centers of Annapolis, Towson, and Be­ Communists collected 8.5 million votes. The thesda. In addition, the three area air­ pects for an economically independent Communists are the only party large enough ports would be linked together, making and self-sustaining operation. For the 22734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 Board to do less would be to default upon An end to such projects is almost certain HUD GRANTS DISTRICT OF COLUM­ the promotional and developmental re­ if the Senate amendment passes. Similarly, BIA FUNDS DENIED BY CONGRESS sponsibilities conferred upon the Board it is doubtful that states will give up funds for Head Start projects on Federal Indian by Congress in the Federal Aviation Act. reservations or for children of migrants. Furthermore, the argument that Sen. HON. PAUL G. ROGERS Wayne Morse (D--Ore.) made in support of OF FLORIDA the amendment is strongly contested by both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JOHNSON MOVES TO RESCUE OEO and HEW officials. Unlike Morse, they HEADSTART do not believe Head Start is strictly an edu­ Monday, July 22, 1968 cational program and should therefore be in the Office of Education. Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. In a letter that was made part of the it was recently announced that HUD OF INDIANA Senate debate, HEW Secretary Wilbur J. granted the District of Columbia $201,- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cohen said: 930 in Federal funds to remove debris "Head Start was imaginatively developed from areas damaged by the April riots. Monday, July 22, 1968 by the Office of Economic Opportunity as The House refused to appropriate Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, there is a part of a broad-scale and coordinated attack funds to the District Government for miracle hiding in the ghetto. That on the many social problems-nutritional, this purpose. medical, psychological as well as educa­ miracle is preschool training for cul­ tional-which contribute to the cycle of I would recommend that the District turally disadvantaged children. As far poverty. Committee, and the Appropriations Sub­ as I am concerned, it is the only means "In this comprehensive format, Head Start committee for the District, seek to recap­ by which urbanized America can avoid has functioned exceedingly well under the ture these funds immediately. This could full-fledged tragedy a decade hence. Yet Office of Economic -Opportunity and, conse­ be accomplished by reducing funds almost like a death wish, America is quently, we believe that its assignment there otherwise authorized or appropriated to passing the miracle by, to wit: should be continued." the District Government by an equal JOHNSON MOVES To RESCUE HEADSTART This should not be interpreted to mean that Cohen does not want Head Start within amount. The appropriations subcommit­ (By Eve Edstrom) HEW if it could be operated under the same tee which handles HUD funds should The Senate last week crippled the poverty flexible guidelines that exist at OEO. also take like action against HUD. Strong war's most popular child-Head Start--while In fact, both OEO and HEW are in gen­ action in this matter is required to con­ the White House reportedly stood still. eral agreement that Head Start should be vince Federal agencies that the House -If the Senate action stands, Head Start transferred, either as litn independent agency means what it says when it specifically would be turned over to the states. Its most directly under the HEW Secretary's super­ denies funds for a purpose the House innovative in gredients would almost surely vision or as a component of the Children's does not approve. be wiped out. Its neediest beneficiaries-the Bureau. children of the poorest Southern Negroes, This was a principal reason why Jule M. The Congress appropriates millions to Indians and migrants-would be all but shut Sugarman, the creator and developer of Head the District of Columbia directly, and ad­ out. Start, left OEO in April to become associate ditional millions of Federal funds are Yet Head Start supporters say their appeal chief of the Children's Bureau. His job is to received from Federal agencies in the for White House aid early last week was weld together all health, educational and form of grants and loans. The Federal brushed aside on the grounds that the Sen­ welfare services for pre-school children. ate amendment didn't have a chance of Such a coordinated attack on the problems Government itself spends even more mil­ passage. of pre-schoolers, along with the continuing lions here, maintaining roadways, parks, But after it was adopted by a whopping involvement of parents that has character­ and public facilities. There is no excuse 60 to 29, the White House actively began try­ ized Head Start prog.rams, has been a chief for any agency of Government to pro­ ing to undo the damage. Visits were paid to aim of Secretary Cohen. But the Senate de­ vide funds in addition to those already key Congressional leaders in an effort to bate did not focus on these aspects of Head being allocated here, for purposes spe­ overturn the Senate action when it goes to Start. (Instead, Morse in becoming a strong conference. ally of Republican proponents of the amend­ cifically denied by this House. Actually, if there had been any coordinated ment, emphasized how OEO programs in his Under unanimous consent I submit an Administration strategy during last Wednes­ state have been beset by "inefficiency, by article from the Washington, D.C., Eve­ day's hasty Senate debate, an acceptable waste and by maladministration." OEO ning Star of July 18, 1968, for inclusion compromise might have been worked out. sources say Morse is piqued because Congres­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, as follows: But the issues were so obscured that even sional fund cutbacks forced the closing of a sensational charges against a Chicago street Job Corps center in ~egon . DISTRICT GETS $201,930 TO CLEAR DEBRIS gang were used to hamstring Head Start. Sen. Frank J. Lausche (D-Ohio) said he The federal government today awarded a At first glance, the Senat e amendment to would vote for the transfer because he had $201,930 grant to the District which will al­ the Vocational Education Bill would appear read how OEO had supported a Chicago low continuance of the program of clearing to result in nothing more than a long­ street gang project that was controlled by away debris from riot-devastated areas. expected burea ucra.tic shift. "thugs, thieves, hippies, drug addicts." The city already has spent $124,000 of its The popular Head Start program for pre­ Southern Democrats, angered because OEO own funds, transferred from a relocation schoolers would be taken away from the Of­ used discretionary powers to fund projects fund, in awarding 12 contracts for the re­ fice of Economic Opportunity (OEO) and in their states, found themselves in the un­ moval of debris from about 70 buildings. given to the Office of Education, effective usual position of giving Head Start to one William N. Dripps, superintendent of the next July. of their chief whilpping boys, Education city's inspections division, said today that But neither the Office Of Education nor its Commissioner Harold Howe II, former en­ the removal program "has been stymied for parent, the Department of Health, Educa­ forcer of HEW school desegregation policies. several weeks" because available funds were tion, and Welfare (HEW), wants Head Start Thus, the Senate vote can be interpreted as exhausted. under the condition which the Senate im­ stemming from broad anti-OEO feeling, The buildings are being removed from posed. rather than any considered judgment of along 14th Street NW, 7th Street NW, and H This is because Head Start money would how Head Start can best be operated. Street NE. The District has received tentative be channeled through state school agencies The Head Start transfer has not been the approval to pour much of the rubble from and the Office of Education would not even subject of hearings, and did not come up in the April riots into the Potomac River as have the final power to disapprove a state the House when the Vocational Education part of a landfill to expand the site of the plan for Head Start funding. BUI passed. city's sewage treatment plant at Blue Plains. As explained by the chief mover of the Senate conferees, who have been appointed The Department of Housing and Urban De­ Senate amendment, Sen. Peter H. Dominick to resolve the matter, are split right down velopment made the grant as well as $100,000 (R-Colo.), school officials "would, therefore, the middle--five voted for the transfer and grant to pay half the cost of 11 District gov­ state by state, be in charge of this pro­ fi ve voted against it. ernment internships. gram." They will m eet with yet-to-be-selected The internship grant will allow the city to Sen. John Stennis (D-Miss.) immediately House conferees. However, a majority of the hire promising college students between Sep­ applauded the move to give Head Start to House conferees will reflect t h e sentiments of tember and June to work in various city state educators. He long has fought OEO­ House Education and Labor Committee government programs. supported Head Start projects in Mississippi Chairman, Carl D. Perkins (D-Ky.). Sherill D. Luke, city director of program which operated outside of the schools to get Perkins is dead set against the transfer coordination, said that the 11 students would innovative programs to the poorest Negro but no on e is predicting how the battle will be recommended by the consortium of local children. come out. universities. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22735 GUN CONTROL LEGISLATION omnibus crime bill, to long guns-that I think, as it was suggested last Fri­ is, to rifles and shotguns. Again, it would day, that we should properly turn our prohibit their sale by mail order and attention to legislation calling for more HON. JAMES HARVEY would require sale by licensed dealers. It severe penalties for the use of firearms. OF MICHIGAN would prohibit the sale by licensed deal­ I think that the Poff amendment to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers to juveniles, mentally incompetents, bill before us, which was adopted last Monday, July 22, 1968 narcotics addicts, convicted criminals, or Friday and which would impose a man­ fugitives from justice. I believe this is a datory prison term of 1 to 10 years for Mr. HARVEY. Mr. Speaker, the House reasonable extension of the law, and I anyone committing a Federal felony with of Representatives is now in the con­ support such a prohibition of mail-order a gun, is a good beginning. Any manda­ cluding stages of debate on gun control sales. tory sentence is always considered a legislation. These past few days have Last Friday, however, we were con­ harsh penalty but wherever serious demonstrated that this legislation is just fronted with amendments to the bill crimes go unpunished, or whenever sen­ as controversial here in the House as it which, if enacted into law, would have tences are improperly suspended, the en­ is among citizens all across the country. required the Federal registration of all tire Nation suffers. In the 8 years I have been in Congress, types of firearms. Further, we can antic­ Consider, if you will, the following no other subject has been as contro.versial ipate that other amendments will be facts: or generated as much mail from the citi­ offered which will require the licensing Crime throughout the United States, zens of the Eighth District of Michigan. by the Federal Government of all gun as measured by the FBI crime index, has This is a healthy sign for America, for owners. I opposed the amendment which increased 88 percent since 1960. it is always good when large numbers of would have required registration of all Department of Justice employment is our citizens show such keen interest in guns, which was defeated by a vote of at an all-time high of 34,052 in June any subject of legislation. But because so 172 to 68. I expect also to oppose any such 1967. many people have communicated with amendment offered for Federal licens­ Department of Justice spending in me in person, as well as by letter and ing. 1967 reached $422 million, 55 percent telegram, I want to make clear my views ProPonents of registration and licens­ more than 1960. on this subject. ing often cite the present system of reg­ In 1967, in Federal court cases, a de­ It is worth taking the time to look at istering automobiles, boats, bicycles, and crease of 11 percent in convictions was the legislative background of the type of of licensing fishermen, hunters and reported, as compared to 1960. In other legislation we are considering, for there drivers. I would point out that these words, crime is soaring and convictions are already many gun laws on the books. registration and licensing examples are are decreasing. This is indefensible. Their context varies from State to State. all functions of local and State govern­ It should also be pointed out that, if Forty-nine States and the District of ments. the present rate of crime continues, rob­ Columbia now have laws affecting the It is at the State and local level that beries, assaults, thefts, and rapes will carrying, purchasing or owning of guns. gun registration and gun licensing ques­ double within 4 years. Four States require gun registration. Our tions should be decided. I am not pre­ In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I wish to State of Michigan requires that all hand­ pared to support any Federal assump­ state that I support the ban on mail­ guns must be registered in a licensing­ tion of all State law enforcement respon­ order sales of both handguns and long­ type pro.cedure, and special permission sibility in our Nation. guns, which I believe is reasonable. must always be obtained to carry a con­ The Federal Government has no polic­ However, I believe that licensing and cealed firearm. It is my understanding ing capability to administer and enforce registration should and can be best reg­ that nearly all States and many munici­ national gl.Jn registration and licensing palities are currently examining their laws, and I certainly do not favor the ulated and administered on a State and laws and their ordinances. This, of creation of a national police force. local level. course, is their right and responsibility In the final analysis, laws can be Our real concentration should be on to enact legislation of this type on both passed, but what we really need in this the improvement of law enforcement at the State and local level on their own country is a change of heart and a all levels of government, as well as the initiative. change of mind. We in the Congress have prosecution to the fullest extent of the The recently enacted omnibus crime our responsibility. State legislators and law of those who are apprehended com­ bill passed by Congress and signed into local public officials have theirs. The mitting crimes with firearms or charged law by President Johnson included a pro­ television industry, news media and with violating State or local gun regu­ vision dealing with handguns-pistols other entertainment businesses have a lations. and revolvers. It prohibited their sale by responsibility concerning the portrayal mail order, but required instead that the,y of violence as a way of life. And each in­ be bought in person from licensed deal­ dividual has his own responsibility in TESTIMONY REGARDING NONPRO­ ers. In addition, it prohibited these deal­ the treatment of all of his fell ow citi­ LIFERATION TREATY ers from selling to persons under 21 years zens. of age, persons deemed to be mentally in­ I do not believe that registration and competent, persons discharged from the licensing by the Federal Government will HON. CRAIG HOSMER armed services under other than honor­ prevent the lawless from obtaining guns OF CALIFORNIA able circums:tances, and persons having any more than similar requirements by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES previously been convicted of felonies. I some State governments have prevented Monday, July 22, 1968 supported the enactment of this legis­ them from getting guns in those States. lation, as did the overwhelming majority It has been suggested to me that a Fed­ Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, because of the Members of the House. eral requirement for registration and li­ it generally sums up many of the points It is worth noting at this point that if censing might well result in a black mar­ I have previously made to Members of the results of my annual questionnaire ket for guns. I frankly do not know this body rel2.tive to the deficiencies of are meaningful, as I consider them to be, whether this is a real possibility or not. the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nu­ then the vast majority of the residents I do know, however, that somehow, clear Weapons now before the other of the Eighth District also support this somewhere, the person intent upon vio­ body for its advice and consent, I include sort of legislation. In answer to the ques­ lating the law can manage to get a gun. my testimony on the treaty given to the tion, "Do you favor legislation prohibit­ This is perhaps best demonstrated by the Committee on Foreign Relations of that ing mail-order sales of guns?'', 63 .5 assassin of the late Senator Robert F. body last Thursday as follows: percent of the more than 12,000 who re­ Kennedy, for it is well known that he STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE CRAIG HOSMER BEFORE THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS sponded answered "yes" they would fa­ was shot with a registered gun in the COMMITTEE ON THE NONPROLIFERATION vor such legislation. State of California that has had strong TREATY, JULY 17, 1968 HR. 17735, the State Firearms Control gun laws for many years. For all of these The Chairman and Senators, the purpose Assistance Act of 1968, which is now be­ reasons, Mr. Speaker, I do not support of an arms control treaty is to make a na­ fore us for debate, is essentially a simple the amendments which would require tion more secure with it than without it. extension of the law applicable to hand­ Federal registration and Federal licens­ If it does this, it should be accepted. If it guns, as previously set forth in the ing of all gun owners. makes the nation less secure, it should 22736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 be rejected. In relation to the Non­ 90% who are not only "have-not" but also situations if ever it becomes vital to the com­ proliferation Treaty various Administration are "can never be" countries due to lack of mon security to do so. Integrated into the witnesses have offered the Committee opin­ technical and financial resources to go nu­ weapons would be control devices which per­ ions and conclusions on this issue, but have clear on their own. mit them to fire in a defensive environment, given you essentially no factual data to sup­ So, what about the 10% of "have-nots" prohibit offensive firing against another port them. They have concluded that: who are "can-he's"? Some are "never-be's" country and which would destroy them in the "Nonproliferation of nuclear weapons is for a variety of good reasons. The remainder event of tampering. Such control devices are good and their spread is bad." "will-be" if ever they calculate survival de­ within the present state of technology. This "The NPT will prevent spread." pends upon it, since treaty promises or not, option is available merely by amending the "The Treaty will not disadvantage us mili­ nations tend to do what they must to avoid Atomic Energy Act and offering considerable tarily or disrupt our alliances." extinction. So, whether they sign or not, the opportunity for keeping U.S. forces out of "The NPT contains effective safeguards and Treaty also will be useless as to this category future Vietnams. Surrendering it is a high reliable verification procedures. of nations. price to pay for a treaty which does not "Security assurances given won't be bur­ It appears, then, that the NPT will be es­ clearly stand out from the euphoric ballyhoo densome." sentially useless to restrain either more or in which it is packaged. And, the price is fur­ "The NPT encourages further arms con­ less than the degree of nuclear proliferation ther escalated by the fact that with the NPT's trol negotiations, and that is good." which is inevitable. Thus one wonders at the blanket ban on nuclear weapon transfers I respectfully suggest that the validity of extravagant praise accorded this document. hard pressed countries may have to go nu­ these opinions and conclusions be tested by We seem to be addressing the wrong prob­ clear on their own and in the process acquire a comprehensive examination of the facts lem. We should be calculating what the world offensive as well as defensive nuclear arsenals. and circumstances surrounding the Treaty will look like with a somewhat larger Nu­ In short, the Treaty bars a kind of prolifera­ and related matters before this body hastens clear Club and devising ways to live with it. tion which might be advantageous and en­ to render its advice or give its consent. With or without the Treaty, the probabiUty courages a kind which is not. Query: Is Preventing Spread of Nuclear of continued proliferation is far from ze!o, It is to be noted that the Administration weapons a Good Thing and Their Spread a therefore I recommend another safeguard: asks you to surrender this valuable option Bad Thing? That the study group heretofore suggested to proliferrute selectively and defensively This issue is not absolute. It's one of de­ constantly monitor proliferation potentiali­ withoUlt ever having subjected the proposi­ gree. How good is nonproliferation? How bad ties, identify possible proliferees, and de­ tion to scrutiny by the Penat,gon's vaunted is proliferation? And, to whose hands? velop contingency plans for the event of systems analysis procedures to determine cost Since Manhattan District days the U.S. has proliferation. And, that its findings be sub­ effectiveness. Therefore I recommend the fol­ adhered to a nonproliferation policy and at­ mi·tted annually to the Congress. lowing adcUtional safeguard: tempted to enforce it by secrecy and suppres­ Query: Will the NPT Disadvantage the U.S. That the Senate reserve its consent to the sion of technology. The policy has failed and Its Allies or Disrupt Defensive Alliances? treaty pending a full and complete examina­ in the case of the British, the Soviets, the Gen. Wheeler's testimony on this point was tion of the document made independently French and the Red Chinese. Now it is to be carefully terse. You will note that he did not and impartially to assess its cost and effec­ written into a treaty, to be enforced by tell you the NPT is a good thing or that it tiveness in relation to the nation&I security. pledges, and by such verification machinery serves the defense interests of the United And, if the Senate nevertheless consenrts, that as the Treaty provides. States. The most he gave you was an opinion such e:imm.ination be made and updated an­ As to the British, failure of the policy was that it is "not inimical to United States se­ nually and reported to the Congress. benign. Not so as to the Soviets and Red curity interests." In contradiction, Dr. Robert Query: Are the Treaty's Article III Safe­ Chinese which has created trouble. French Strausz-Hupe, who does not owe his position guards Adequate? capabilities have disrupted NATO and other to an appointment from the President, stated Thus far this COnun.t.ttee's record is totally consequences remain a question mark. that the Treaty's national security costs far barren Of any support for the assertions that To date, proliferation has not been good, exceed its benefits and that it will alienate th.is Treaty contains "effective safeguards and but it has not been as bad as pessimists esti­ our allies. Unlike Wheeler, Strausz-Hupe fur­ reliable verification procedures." As a matter mated. There has not been a nuclear war and nished you compel11ng facts to back up his of fact, the Treaty contains absolutely no some observers believe the nuclear umbrella statements and I refer you to them. safeguards or verification procedures relat­ also has functioned as a deterrent to con­ Further, the Committee shouid be aware ing to the promises not to give or to receive ventional war between the major powers. If of certain data which has not been supplied nuclear weaipons. I imagine this statement so, and limited to this context, proliferation by Administration witnesses, but is pertinent comes as a surprise to many of you. I assure has not been all bad. to the NPT's national security cost/benefit you it is quite accurate. You may wonder, as It appears, then, that whether prolifera­ ratio: I do, why Secretary Rusk or Mr. Foster or Dr. tion is good or bad depends on whether a The Soviets realize that nuclear weapons Seaborg or Gen. Wheeler or other Adminis­ new Nuclear Club member plays a "good proliferated to the third world might offer tration witnesses have not bothered to point guy" or a "bad guy" role in today's scenario a small but independent deterrent to com­ this out to you. of international events. Since the scenario munist instigated wars of national liberation. The Treaty's other promises, by the "have­ constantly changes and since Article X pro­ For example, Cuba or North Vietnam might nots" not to go nuclear, are supposed to be vides for withdrawal upon a three months' be less enthusiastic about stirring up trouble policed by separaite agreements with the In­ notice, I recommend that the following safe­ in neighboring countries if their intended ternaitional Atomic En~gy Agency for the guard be adopted: victims possessed a nuclear deterrent of their inspection of peacefu~ nuclear activities to A continuing and independent study group own. It is to Soviet advantage that such wars assure that fissionable material is not being be established to assess advantages and dis­ not be deterred, but continue. diverted to military channels. This places in advantages of proliferation in relation to As to regional nuclear wars, Rand Corpora­ issue the adequacy of the IAEA's safeguards constantly changing international situations. tion's James R. Schlessinger has pointed out system and its financing. Despite Gen. And, that its findings be submitted annually that the achievable nuclear capabilities of Wheeler's happy conclusion th.at IAEA will to the Congress. the powers involved are limited and pose no provide "effective safeguards and reliable Query: Will the NPT Prevent Proliferation direct threat to either the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. verification procedures" and Dr. Seaborg's . of Nuclear Weapons? Nor can one foresee a greater likelihood of the conclusion that IAEA has "effective safe­ This Treaty recognizes two routes to Nu­ superpowers and others becoming involved guards" in operati on and his optimism that clear Club membership, one where a nuclear in a worldwide holocaust if fighting is done it will not be "diftlcult to find the necessary "have-not" nation gets nuclear weapons from with primitive nuclear weapons rather than funds" to finance them, there are some dis­ a nuclear power, and the other where a "have­ with conventional arms. Those who worry turbing facts from which much different and not" develop its own nuclear capabiUty. about the possible catalytic effect of regional less rosy conclusions may be drawn. I invite In the first case, neither the U.S., the U.K. wars should ponder conditions of instability this Committee to look into them before it nor the U.S.S.R. are likely to spread nuclear which increase their frequency rather than advises and consents. For example: weapons to others in violation of their own weapons with which they may be conducted. The entire IAEA safeguards staff for world­ self-interest. These are the only nuclear The possible stabilizing effect of independ­ wide operations consists of less than 19 peo­ "haves" who will sign the Treaty. Since they ent nuclear deterrents in certain tinderbox ple--fewer people than the Senators who are will not be spreading nuclear weapons reck­ areas should not go unweighed. For example, members of this Committee. lessly, the NPT gains nothing as to them. an Indian capability to threaten atomic re­ Less than $1 million, closer to$% million, France, who won't sign probably won't pro­ taliation against Red China might have annually is spent by the IAEA on safe­ liferate either. But the same cannot be said sobering and stabilizing effects in that re­ guards--and from my own obse!"vation I can of Red China to whom circumstances of gion. A nuclear capable Japan could be the state categorically thrut IAEA's knowledge, world instability are highly beneficial. The focus for a stabilizing Far Eastern regional skills and techniques in the art of inspection NPT will be useless as to the two nonsigners alliance against Red aggression. Filling these are rudimentary and its research toward im­ as well. And, if it is useless as to them, it is power vacuums would considerably ease the provements is essentially nil. also useless to "have-nots" who choose to overseas over-commitments of the United Neither the IAEA inspection staff, nor any­ receive give-away weapons. States. one else, for that ma.tter, has the remotest Insofar as restraining in excess of 100 nu­ The NPT surrenders a valuable U.S. option notion of what constitutes a normal loss of clear "have-nots" from going nuclear "on to selectively proliferate defensive nuclear uranium or plutonium in the industrial their own" the NPT will be useless as to the systems to allies in less than actual war process--therefore there is not the sllgh.test July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22737 possiblli ty of any inspector spotting illegal diately, without time for the negotiation and largely have limited their testimony to opin­ diversions because he can't even be told when discussion in international forums that would ion and thus your record to date is exceed­ his suspicion should be aroused. otherwise take place." (Testimony to Joint ingly sterile of factual data supporting the Even should a suspicion be aroused for Committee on Atomic Energy, March 7, 1966, Treaty. And, absent the latter, I fail to see other reason, IAEA procedures need never p. 78 and p. 88.) how you can safely give your consent to the bring it to any one's attention. IAEA's In­ Secretary Rusk: Reaffirms President John­ document. spector-Gene·ral is not obliged to tell IAEA's son's declaration. (JCAE Hearings, Feb. 23, Director-General about it, and if he does, 1966, p. 7.) the latter is under no obligation to tip off Wm. C. Foster: Reaffirms President John­ PAID IN FULL anyone else. son's declaration. (JCAE Hearings, March 1, There are technological possib111ties to 1966, pp. 36-37.) "end run" the IAEA inspectors and obtain If the security assurance is not meaning­ HON. JAMES B. UTT fissionable material for weapons clandes­ less-and either it is or it is not--and Secre­ OF CALIFORNIA tinely. These involve small and easily hidden tary Rusk's hopes for some 100 non-nuclear signers are realistic, there is a measure by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plants to obtain U235 by either the centrifuge or the nozzle processes or by the development which the added U.S. nuclear Sir Gallahad Monday, July 22, 1968 of pure fusion explosives which do not re­ burden can be measured: Presently we have quire fissionable material and seem not to security arrangements with about 40 coun­ Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, for many years, be banned by the Treaty. Work is underway tries. The NPT will extend it to about 60 Don Cantrell was a highly respected on all of these approaches in various coun­ more. It will thus increase our opportunities member of the press of Orange County, tries at this very moment. to get involved in someone else's troubles by Calif. He recently joined the staff of the Like most other international organiza­ 250%. Casa Grande Dispatch, publishing in the tions IAEA is chronically and woefully un­ As a safeguard I suggest: The Senate advise the President and the town of Casa Grande, Ariz. derfinanced. It has trouble collecting its His open letter in memory of a young member assessments and rocks along on vol­ rest of the world that the security assurance untary contributions, half of which come is meaningful to the extent that we will be American soldier who died in Vietnam from the U.S. Its entire effective budget is "concerned to the utmost" if some country was one of his finest contributions. around $12 million annually. Yet first year becomes the victim of nuclear aggression or So that more can share in the moving (1970) safeguards costs will run over $28 blackmail, but that it is meaningless insofar experience of perusing this article, and million and escalate from there. Unless and as rushing to its res,cue is concerned; and we as a further memorial to the brave sol­ until this Oommittee--or someone--takes an apologize to anybody who got the wrong idea dier, Tom Galvez, I insert the following initiative toward establishing an adequate from what administration spokesmen have said. "Cloud 9" article by Don Cantrell after financing system, IAEA safeguards are a Re­ shame and a delusion. To assure this Com­ Query: The NPT Will Encourage Further these comments in the Extensions of mittee otherwise is either wittingly or un­ Arms Control Negotiations-ls that Good? marks in the RECORD: wittingly misleading. The answer is good if it leads to a treaty CLOUD 9 enhancing the national security. The answer I offer this Committee three recent analy­ (By Don Cantrell) is bad if it leads to a treaty which does not. ses of IAEA safeguards costs under the (EDITOR'S NoTE.-This is an open letter tn Treaty, one by Dr. Theodore B. Taylor, one The answer also is bad if the U.S. strategic position is permitted to deteriorate vis-a-vis memory of a young American soldier named by myself, one by the Technical Support Tom Galvez of Casa Grande, Ariz., who died Organization of Brookhaven National Lab­ the Soviet Union while protracted negotia­ tions limp along. in Viet Nam on May 27, 1968.) oratory, together with a comparison of the DEAR ToM: Although we never had the op­ assumptions of all three analyses by Ray­ You will recall that the Soviet Union used the Limited Test Ban Treaty negotiations as portunity of meeting, it would be surprising mond R. Edwards of TSO and respectfully how many times your face has passed before suggest that they be made a part of the a stall while it upgraded its nuclear capabili­ ties by a long series of tests, then quickly me while tlipping through back editions of record. the paper. The obvious safeguard which I recommend agreed to the LTB before we could catch up. You must also be well aware that during Less than two months have elapsed since in light of the foregoing is: the ink dried on the bold headlines which an­ That the Senate reserve its consent to the the protracted negotiations on the NPT the Soviets quadrupled their ICBM force and nounced your death. And yet each time I'm Treaty pending establishment of IAEA safe­ confronted with the task of referring back guards procedures in which Treaty signa­ submarine launched missiles and tripled their deliverable amount of strategic mega­ to old news stories for background informa­ tories may have reasonable confidence and tion, I know before I start turning the pages the establishment of a sound system for tonnage. They vastly improved the quality of their nuclear submarine :fleet and achieved that your face wm :flash before me again­ financing same on a continuing basis. And, today, tomorrow and in the many days to that determination thereof be updated an­ an astounding building rate for new sub­ marines. They initiated the Fractional Orbit­ oome. Thus, it will always seem like yester­ nually and reported to the Congress. al Ballistic System and began the installation day, but time becomes meaningless in the Query: Do the "Security Assurances" Given of an Anti-Ballistic Missile defense effective spirit of man, because that lives on through Non-Nuclear Nations Enlarge the United against us whereas our own embryonic sys­ eternity. States' "World Policeman" Role? tem ts not even planned to cope with a Yes, we never had the opportunity of You will note that Gen. Wheeler's direct Soviet surprise attack. This strategic balance­ meeting. But then I can't help but wonder if testimony carefully skirted this question as upsetting Soviet momentum continues and we haven't met somewhere before, Tom? did the testimony of Secretary Rusk, Mr. accelerates while the number of our ICBMs Could it have been Concord, Lexington or Foster, Chairman Seaborg, et al. Only Under remains static at 1054, our SAC bomber fleet Bull Run? Or maybe it was No Man's Land. Secretary Nitze touched it lightly, saying has been cut back, the lid on Polaris subma­ How about the Libyan Desert, Normandy, essentially that it is meaningless except to rines ts still 41, and our attack submarine Wake Island or Corregidor? Possibly I'm evidence that both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. building program ts geared to a snail's pace. thinking of the Yalu River, Seoul or Pork "share the utmost concern in preventing any Also during this interim the Soviet Union Chop Hill. acit or threat of aggression with nuclear kicked up a nasty little war in the Mideast It's easy to get them mixed up. I say it's weapons"-whatever that means. Perhaps it and has been supplying North Vietnam with easy, Tom, because they're all symbolic of is meaningless to the extent that a nuclear military aid at the rate of $1 billion annually. the same thing in which you gave up your victim could not reasonably expect much Therefore, as a further safeguard I recom­ life. Let's not call it freedom since this word concern, let alone help, from the Kremlin, mend: has been so abused by those who, in ignor­ and therefore it should expect no more from That the Senate take all necessary meas­ ance, chant such absurdities as: "Better Red the co-declarer in this case. If this be so it than dead." Rather, let's say it's symbolic of is a far cry from what was promised by these ures to insure that future negotiation periods are not utilized by the Soviet Union the spirit of free men who have made a choice ringing declarations: first to achieve strategic nuclear parity and not to risk losing their integrity, nobility and President Johnson: "The nations that do second to achieve superiority. This will re­ liberty under a dictatorship. And this, too, is not seek national nuclear weapons can be quire enhancement of both our "assured eternal in the hearts of free men. sure that if they need our strong support destruction" systems and our "damage limi­ But there's no mistaking your face, Tom. I've seen it too many times before, and in all against some threat of nuclear blackmail tation" systems. then they will have it." (TV address, Oct. 18, those places. Forgotten? How could anyone 1964.) ". . . they wm have our strong sup­ CONCLUSION forget them? They were you and me, our port against threats of nuclear blackmail." I respectfully suggest to the members of brothers and next door neighbors and we (Message to 18-Nation Disarmament Com­ your honorable body that the opinions and stood united in the responsibility of defend­ mittee, Jan. 27, 1966.) conclusions regarding this Treaty expressed ing free men from those who would enslave Secretary McNamara: " ... they will have to you by the Administration witnesses them. our strong support.... In case of a nuclear come from the very people who sponsored Today they call it communism. And yet it attack by country A on country B, the very and negotiated it and who are therefore un­ doesn't require much intelligence to discover survival of country B would be immediately likely to supply you truly dispassionate tes­ that it's nothing more than a totalitarian at issue and it might well require military in­ timony. A matter of deep concern to your dictatorship under a new guise. Glance tervention by one of the great powers Imme- body should be the fact that these witnesses quickly at those vain faces and you'll find a 22738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 striking similarity of an evil desire for power I include the editorial, "Cardozo HUNGER IN AMERICA? in the thousands of faces which came before Health Center," in the RECORD, and I them. commend it to my colleagues' attention. Yes, two months have elapsed since I read The editorial follows: HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ the account of your death, Tom. But I saw OF TEXAS your face again today. It came as I was de­ CARDOZO HEALTH CENTER parting to interview a couple who owned a The Office of Economic Opportunity grant IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pet dove, which, ironically, is a symbol of of $1.7-m111ion for a health clinic to provide Monday, July 22, 1968 peace. comprehensive care for 20,000 residents of It happened as I was getting into my car upper Cardozo is the most solid antipoverty Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, on May when I heard my name ring out across the victory the city has had in months. Just 21, and several dates thereafter, CBS parking lot. recently Congress was told that a survey in television network ran a program called Was it your face coming towards me some Cardozo showed seven of every ten infants "Hunger in America." That program 30 yards away? suffering from malnutrition, many in various examined conditions in several places, in­ It was hard to tell until a young boy about stages of iron deficiency anemia. cluding my home city of San Antonio, your age hurried up to the car. He was hold­ The clinic, the first stages of which will ing an air mail envelope, and seemed ex­ open in six months, leave little to be desired: Tex. It concluded that there are millions tremely ·anxious. a full-time staff of 20 doc-tors of all specialties of hungry people in America, and that But he was courteous as he handed me the whose services will include house calls; in San Antonio, "100,000 people are hun­ letter, asked me if I would read it, then in­ regular dental care; a nonprofessional staff gry all the time." troduced himself as Manuel Galvez Jr., your of neighborhood residents; a board of direc­ The opening scene of that broadcast brother. Small wonder that the face was tors whose membership will include those was photographed in the county hos­ familiar. He knew I was late for the appoint­ eligible for care in the center; an educa­ pital in San Antonio, and it showed a ment, but he apologized, explaining that he tional and promotional program to acquaint baby dying, and the broadcaster stated: had to return the letter to your mother in poor families with the services available to the morning. them, and administrative direction by the This baby is dying of starvation. He is an I nodded and proceeded to read the con­ Howard University College of Medicine and American. Now he is dead. tents. It was a letter of sympathy from Capt. the Group Health Association, as well as by J. H. Binford Peay III, one of the officers in residents of the area. It will be capable of The program did not venture to say your battery. He related the fateful day when handling, as Mayor Washington puts it, how it concluded that a hundred thou­ the Viet Cong hammered your camp with "virtually all health needs for the commu­ sand people in San Antonio are hungry those screaming mortar and rocket rounds, nity." all the time, did not define what was and how the final moment came as you were How about one of these for Anacostia? Or meant by hunger, and did not off er much trapped inside the bunker. Shaw? in the way of supporting evidence. He spoke highly of you, Tom, and informed No one knows who that dying baby your mother of the respect you had com­ manded from men in your battery, and the was, and CBS did not interview the phy­ courage you exemplified. BLACK APARTHEID sicians, or show its medical record. So Upon gently folding the letter, I looked into no one knows what the actual oause of the face of your brother and saw immense HON. JOHN R. RARICK that baby's death was, and CBS is not pride. Real pride, Tom. Nothing could have saying. However, since then the man who held more value for him at that moment than OF LOUISIANA claims to be the baby's father says that seeing that letter published. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the child was born prematurely, and that It would tell the world about his brother. Monday, July 22, 1968 he weighed only 2 pounds and 12 ounces Nay, it would tell more than that, Tom. In Manuel's heart it would banner headline the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the new at birth. According to the father, the tremendous love one brother had for an­ African Government of Guinea denies cause of death was respiratory disease, other. And you can't buy that for any sum. the right to vote to 9,000 white inhabi­ and the medical record says that it was Not wanting to hear a negative response, tants because of the color of their skin, "septicemia due to meningitis and peri­ Manuel asked "How much will it cost to get it yet no international protest is heard. It tonitis due to prematurity." in the paper;" Mr. Speaker, there is a great deal of I almost sm1led at that, Tom, but I quickly barely made the news. One might expect in the International difference between a baby dying because erased any doubts by stating that it was of premature birth and one dying of legitimate news. And I would return the Year of Human Rights that the U.N. letter to him the following day. would immediately call a special session malnutrition. If, in fact, the child shown You would have been equally proud to have and appoint committees to investigate by CBS died of malnutrition, there is no seen the glory and the triumph in his eyes. this injustice to humanity. But silence proof of it; none was offered on the pro­ Have we all not known such a face? prevails. Neither England, the U.N. or gram and none has been offered since. How much would it cost? Under the circumstances, I am inclined You paid the full price for all of us, Tom. our State Department has called for eco­ to believe that CBS was aiming for nomic sanctions. No one has suggested drama rather than accuracy. that Guinea was a threat to interna­ I do not deny that there are people in tional peace. this country who do not have enough to CARDOZO HEALTH GENTER Even in Rhodesia the black can vote if eat, or the right kind of food. But at the qualified. The only difference a~ a glance same time I believe that journalists have is that in Rhodesia the nonproperty a responsibility to portray conditions for HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. owner and nonworker do not qualify to OF INDIANA what they are, not to exaggerate, not to vote-while in Guinea, the businessmen generalize, not to make facile conclu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and property owners can never qualify sions based on less than tiny shreds of Monday, July 22, 1968 because they are white. evidence. Mr. Speaker, I include the UPI release I know from a fact that one doctor who Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, the Office for July 19, as follows: of Economic Opportunity has announced was interviewed by CBS refused to make a grant of $1.7 million to establish a WHITES BARRED FROM POLLS IN GUINEA dramatic statements; he was urged to do health center to serve the 20,000 resi­ ELECTION so, but he said that he would tell the MADRID.-Nine thousand inhabitants of truth as he knew it. His statements were dents of Upper Cardozo, in Washington, Equatorial Guinea will not be allowed to vote D.C. when the SpanLsh colony is granted inde­ not included on the program. A recent survey revealed that seven pendence because they are white. Mr. Speaker, I believe that CBS could out of every 10 infants living in this area The Spanish foreign ministry in Madrid have done a more complete task, and of Washington suffer from malnutrition. confirmed that the white colonists, mostly certainly a more responsible one. The clinic will represent the first major Spaniards, will be barred from taking part in I believe that my colleagues will be in­ step toward eliminating the health prob­ the referendum on a new constitution. terested in the results of one newspa­ lems of these youngsters. Independence day for the West African terri­ per's investigation into this matter: tory of nearly 300,000 inhabitants is sched­ The action to establish the Cardozo uled for Oct. 12. FATHER DISPUTES TV HUNGER CHARGE Health Center was praised in a Wash­ This inverted "apartheid" will deprive the (By Kemper Diehl) ington Post editorial of July 9, which also white minority, mostly businessmen and A San Antonio Negro college student who briefly described the medical services to plantation owners, of any say in the running has identified himself as the father of a dying be available. of the country. baby shown on the con troversial CBS TV July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22739 special on Hunger in America denies the net­ LIVE WITH RELATIVE And the area pre-child health clinic, a free work's suggestion that the child died of mal­ At present they are living with the mater­ baby clinic, responded that in thousand of nutrition. nal grandmother of the dead infant, and the visits each year, it has never come up with The baby actually was premature and young mother's sister. The grandmother is a case of malnutrition. weighed only 2 pounds a,nd 12 ounces at employed at a major San Antonio store, while "We did receive a report of a 74-year-old birth. the sister is taking a commercial course. man who was found to be suffering from The young parents strenuously deny any The home is small but well furnished and malnutrition," DeLong said, "but he had implications of malnutrition in the loss of is equipped with TV, radio and other ap­ gotten the notion that he couldn't digest their first child. Official records bear them pliances. solid foods and was living on liquids." out. The 20-year-old father was an outstanding Delong and Settlemyer were assisted in Although the TV show used the child to athlete in high school and is presently at­ their studies with information provided by illustrate what it claimed were hunger con­ tending college while continuing his athletic The Pennsylvania Department of Health, the ditions in San Antonio, official records show career. He hopes to go in to a coaching career. Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, the child was born during what was gauged Officials at the hospital district have in­ the Bureau of Employment Security, and as the 26th or 28th week of pregnancy. dicated they are not prepared to make an others. DEATH CAUSE iron-clad identification of the young black At the press conference, the two men open­ The infant died five days after birth and couple as parents of the child, but make it ly charged the "Hunger, U.S.A.'' report as the immediate cause of death was listed as clear that hospital records reflect this to be being erroneous in listing Mifflin and Juniata septicemia due to meningitis and peritonitis the case. Counties, adding "and presumably many due to prematurity. others." The youthful parents agreed to talk to the They further charge that the nationwide Express and News only if their identity was PENNSYLVANIA COUNTIES DEBUNK report was based on county situations that withheld from the public. "HUNGER, U.S.A." existed during the decade of the fifties "with They said theirs was the infant whose help­ no attempt to measure changed situations less physical condition tugged the heart­ during the sixties." strings of people all over the world when the controversial TV show was seen on national HON. J. IRVING WHALLEY CONDEMN FIGURES television. OF PENNSYLVANIA The agents condemned the figures released So widespread was interest in the case that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the news media in April as figures "that foreign newsmen have searched the local are nowhere in the original report and do couple out for interviews. A news team which Monday, July 22, 1968 not conform to the criteria specified in the the mother described as Swiss took films of Mr. WHALLEY. Mr. Speaker, by unan­ report." DeLong and Settlemyer said the criteria as her at the baby's grave at Eastview cemetery imous consent, I insert in the RECORD an last month. used have little value in pinpointing hunger (Officials at Green Hospital where CBS article in the Lewistown Sentinel, Lewis­ conditions, particularly when applied to filmed scenes in the premature baby nursery town, Pa., concerning the economic small population rural counties. reported she was evidently referring to status of Mifflin and Juniata Counties. They then presented "recent facts" and Swedish newsmen who followed up on the These two c-ounties are part of my 12th other information to prove that by the na- . story here.) Congressional District. tionwide report's own criteria, both MitHin MOTHER FELL EXHAUSTIVE STUDY FAILS To UNCOVER HUNGER and Juniata Counties are better off than the The 18-year-old mother, who was a student CONDITIONS-MIFFLIN-JUNIATA FARM AGENTS national average. at Brackenridge High School until her mar­ DEBUNK "HUNGER" The local study did ascertain that our two riage last year, reported that the birth oc­ counties are slightly poorer than the average Is hunger prevalent in Mifflin and Juniata for the United States by such standards as curred prematurely after she suffered a fall. Counties? She related that she had no problem in ob­ "per cent of families earning under $3,000 According to a questioned nationwide annually" and "infant mortality" back in taining an adequate diet during her preg­ study-it 1s! to 1959, but that much has happened locally nancy and had made one visit the prenatal If you take serious the now-infamous re­ clinic at nearby Lincoln Courts before her port, "Hunger, U.S.A.," we're slowly but sinoe then. trouble. surely starving to death. Both industrial employment and agricul· "She was eating at three houses," said her But we're not alone, says the study made tural inoomes have grown dramatically in the husband, noting that, in addition to eating last decade. at home, she had also snacked at her mother's by a private organization known as the Citi­ zens' Board of Inquiry into Hunger and Mal­ "The income data used in the Hunger house and with his family. nutrition in the United States. U.S.A. report apparently came from the 1960 The mother reported that the day after her census and was for the calendar year 1959," fall she began to experience signs of trouble It lists 256 counties in 20 states as "hunger areas" involving "desperate situations." DeLong and Settlemyer told the newsmen. and went to the outpatient clinic at the "During 1959, the Mifflin-Juniata labor Green. She said she was told to go to the Get this : There are 10 million Americans suffering from chronic hunger or malnutri­ market had an unemployment rate of 8¥2 emergency room, but found "it was so per cent. But the current rate of unemploy­ crowded tha t I didn't go in." tion, according to the study. When the report came out in April listing ment is under 3¥2 per cent." LABOR PAINS Mifflin County as among the starving To better illustrate how this region has That night she began experienc.ing labor Americans, everyone was flabbergasted, ro say grown farther away from any encroaching pains and her husband took her to the Green. the least. hunger pangs was the employment rate. In The baby was born early the next morning. "Our prides were hurt," said Mifflin 1959, our total employment was 19,500, while "What disturbs me is they (the TV show) County Agent Clair D. DeLong. Who ever currently it is 24,000. say the baby died of malnutrition," said the thought people were going hungry in this "Since 1959 over $1,000,000 has been raised father. "All I know is the nurse told me he most affluent area? locally by the Mifflin County Industrial De­ died of a respiratory disease." But now, thanks to DeLong and Juniata velopment Corporation to attract new indus­ The young mother related that when the County Agent George L. Siettlemyer, the tries currently employing 1,300 to 1,500 per­ child was two days old she had been at the validity of the report is under serious ques­ sons," the agents explained. "Juniata County premature nursery and saw films being made tion. Industrial Development Commission has had of the child. An almost minute study of economic con­ similar success on a smaller scale." "He was in an incubator and they were ditions in the immedia~ two-county area GROSS INCOME UP holding him up," she explained. "I stood by the two agents has produced a 26-page there until I got tired of looking. If I hadn't booklet entitled "A Response to 'Hunger, Total gross farm income for the two coun­ ties went from slightly over $13 million in gone down there I guess I wouldn't have U .S.A.'" known that they took them." At a 65-minute press conference Thursday 1959 to $20 million in 1966, hardly a sign of hunger even though the number of farms SAW SHOWS afternoon, the two men reviewed their per- 1:;onal study which debunked the "Hunger" dropped from 1,846 to 1,542. Her husband related that he happened to report. Settlemyer explained that since 1959 the be watching the family TV set the night the Juniata Mountains Recreation Area has been CBS hunger program was shown for the first NEVER A DEATH DUE TO MALNUTRITION organized with Cooperative Extension assist­ time. When he learned the show was to be Is there any hunger at an in either MitHin ance. repeated he viewed it again. or Juniata County as the prime result of lack "This was followed by the addition of more The mother said that she had not watched of money to purchase food? than 200 first class motel rooms, several good either show. The two county agents, during the course restaurants, and the development of five "Since the baby died and we wanted it so of their study, said Dr. Eleanor M. Aurand, commercial campgrounds. In Juniata County badly, I really didn't want to look at it," she a pediatrician, told them that in 10 years a public 18-hole golf course was developed said. there has never been a death because of mal­ with Farmers Home Administration assist­ The home in which the young couple lives nutrition. She did tell them that deaths did ance." Also pointed out to the newsmen was and their personal appearance serve to dispel occur through improper diets given by the the development of the Mifflin County Youth questions of malnutrition in the case. family. Park with Cooperative Extension leadership 22740 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 and cooperative community effort resulting torney and the president of the U.S. DETAILS ARE RELATED in a $100,000-plus facility for the conducting Committee for Refugees, that the deli­ Mr. Rabb and others involved in the effort of shows, fairs, hops, baseball, reunions, etc., cate negotiations were carried out and related last week the details of the negotia­ with over 200-use days annually. the American was finally given his free­ tions, indicating the skill, patience and tact­ A two-county regional planning commis­ ful but dogged determination required. sion has been organized and a planner hired. dom. In contrast to past exchanges of spies with And many local planning commissions are The full story of this incident, and the Soviet Union and the ransom payments functioning. many similar incidents, comprises one for Cuban exiles seized by the Havana re­ School districts have been reorganized of the most intriguing chapters in the gime during the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, with each county having one district and the annals of the cold war diplomacy. A re­ no quid pro quo was involved. total taxing capacity of the county is behind cent article in the New York Times tells The campaign was set in motion after the every ch.Lld's education. A two-county Vo­ this fascinating story, and I will include State Department had made a series of futile Tech school is presently being constructed it at the end of my remarks for the in­ aipproaches to the East German Government for occupancy in the Fall. for the release of a young American, John A 120-unit low cost Federal Housing terest of my colleagues. I am particular­ Van Altena, 22 years old, of Milton Junction, project has been built and is occupied with ly pleased that the article relates in de­ Wis., who had been sentenced to eight years, additional units planned. A similar project tail the efforts of Mr. Rabb in this deli­ in January, 1965, for helping East Germans on a smaller scale is now in the planning cate area of East-West relations, because flee to West Berlin. stage. he deserves the applause of all Ameri­ The East Germans made plain that they New water and sewage facilities are in cans for his work in this dimcult area of would negotiate with Washington only if various stages of completion, and a multi­ they obtained diplomatic recognition, a con­ international diplomacy. dition unacceptable to the United States, million dollar downtown renewal program is Max Rabb was educated at Harvard now under way. which is still officially committed to the re­ The Lewistown area recently went over the College and Harvard Law School and unification of Germany on the basis of free, top on a $150,000 fund drive to develop a was admitted to practice before the Bars democratic elections. recreation park facility, using another $145,- of Massachusetts, New York and the Su­ The State Department began to search for 000 grant out of the Pennsylvania $500 mil­ preme Court of the United States. Begin­ other channels to obtain the release of Mr. Uon conservation and recreation program. Van Altena. According to Mr. Rabb, his in­ ning with his service as administrative volvement came almost by accident. "The real story here," DeLong said, "is assistant to SenSJtor Henry Cabot Lodge The Boston-born lawyer had been asked by how far these rural counties have come in from 1937 to 1943 he held a number of several clients to visit the 19651Leipzig Trade their economic and social development and important positions in the Senate and Fair to determine whether an American boy­ minimizing the extent of poverty and its ef­ the executive branch of the Government, cott of the fair was in the national interest. fects through the cooperation of farsighted including consultant to the U.S. Sen­ There he developed close personal relations community leaders and various federal, state with a number of East German trade officials and local government agencies and pro­ ate Rules Committee, Secretary to the Cabinet of the United States during the who had e~pressed interest in a normaliza­ grams." tion of rel,ations. But, looking at the other side of the coin, Eisenhower administration, member of . the DeLong-Settlemyer report does stress the National Citizens Commission on In­ ENLISTED BY U.S. OFFICIALS that "these counties are no Utopias, and such ternational Cooperation, and most re­ When he subsequently went to Washing­ unemployment as does exist and such tem­ cently he was appainted by President ton to tell the State Department that other porary hunger as may appear are the con­ Johnson to serve on the New Presidential Western nations were using the fair to sell tinuing concerns of the community leaders machinery and other goods to the detriment and agency representatives." Commission on Income Maintenance of American industry. American officials asked Both men joined in saying "there are still Programs. whether he could use his connections in East poor people in Miffiin and Juniata Counties. Under leave to extend my remarks in Germany to intercede on behalf of the young There are still some unemployed. the RECORD, I include a brief biographi­ American prisoner. Mr. Rabb agreed to try, "And flood protection, recreation, housing, cal summary of this remarkable man's and returned to Leipzig accompanied by his water and sewage facildties, highways, h~gher life, and the article in the New York wife, Ruth. education all offer continuing challenges to Times describing his efforts in obtaining The decision to take along his wife re­ local leadership and all levels of government. flected Mr. Rabb's conviction that personal the release of American prisoners from relationships counted more in international "But we think all the evidence points to East Germany. I am sure my colleagues the fact that these counties do not by any talks than textbooks on diplomacy might be stretch of the imagination qualify as serious will enjoy reading this material, and I willing to admit. Two years later he repeated hunger counties." am equally sure that we will be hearing the personal touch by enlisting the help of DeLong and Settlemyer, speaking off-the­ much more about Max Rabb in the his son Bruce, a 26-year-old lawyer who has cuff, said the "real story here is what the future. joined his father in the Wall Street law people have done by making use of public The summary follows: firm of Strook & Strook & La.van, in the ne­ programs to better the community." gotiations that led to the release of Mr. LAWYER RELATES EAST GERMAN TIE-A NEW Wiedenhoeft. YORKER HELPED FREE SEVEN U.S. PRIS- "The fact that I returned with Ruth had ONERS a startling effect," he recalled during an in­ (By Henry Raymont) terview. "It seemed to suggest to the East MAXWELL M. RABB At the crossing point between East and Germans that we were vaulting the diplo­ West Berlin on Friedrichs,trasse, where West matic wall and were interested in them as Berlin tour buses pull up for a glimpse into human beings. This immediately created a HON. JOHN M. MURPHY the East, an odd scene took place one recent more relaxed and friendly atmosphere for the OF NEW YORK afternoon. talks that were to follow." A bearded young man, looking somewhat Mr. Rabb, an affable man of 57 with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bewildered, escorted by a stocky Wall Street ready smile of a practical politician, is a Monday, July 22, 1968 lawyer and trailed by two East German former Presidential assistant and secretary security officials, was greeted on the Western to the Cabinet under the Eisenhower Ad­ Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. side by a United States embassy aide. ministration and has held a number of inter­ Speaker, at a time when the news The young man was Ronald V. Wieden­ national appointments. focuses on the important negotiations hoeft, 30 years old, a Columbia University From the outset, the lawyer made it clear between the great powers on such vital art history instructor who 20 minutes earlier that he was not in a position to offer any issues as war, arms limitation and space, was released from an East German prison commitment and that the negotiations had where he spent nine months awaiting trial to be based on mutual good faith. He sug­ we often overlook the silent diplomacy of on espionage charges. His rescuer was Max­ gested that East German willingness to re­ the cold war. well M. Rabb, a lawyer and president of the lease American prisoners would help reduce An example of this silent diplomacy United States Committee for Refugees, a cold war tensions and perhaps ease the way occurred on June 3 of this year when a private organization at 20 West 40th Stree,t, to improved trade relations with the United young American crossed into West Berlin New York. States. after being released from an East Ger­ The quiet crossing at 2 :21 P.M. on June 3 "They quickly became aware that the re­ man jail where he had been awaiting ended an unusual three-year campaign to lease of Mr. Van Altena and the six other free seven American prisoners in East Ger­ prisoners that were to follow amounted to a trial on espionage charges. The State many. Because Washington does not recog­ demonstration of a desire to normalize rela­ Department had made many unsuccess­ nize East Germany, the effort was carried out tions," Mr. Rabb said. ful attempts to obtain his release, but Lt through quiet and informal collaboration "I believe that it is significant that since was through the efforts of a private citi­ between American private citizens and the the first prisoner was freed more than two zen, Maxwell M. Rabb, a New York at- two governments. years ago there has been a reduction of in- July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22'741 cidents with the United States m111tary and June, 1958, the first man in American his­ should not be allowed to intermingle. a palpable increase in trade relations, en­ tory to hold this post. Also, Associate Coun­ tirely to our advantage." sel to the President. This was done to combat monoPolY and The new East German extension of transit­ In 1958, appointed by President Eisenhower because of the fear that companies own­ visa and road-toll requirements to West Ger­ as Chairman of the American Delegation to ing banks could possibly bail themselves mans are not viewed as a threat to the Amer­ the 10th Conference of the United Nations out of financial trouble through loans ican m111tary presence in West Berlin. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ­ from the bank to the detriment of the The lawyer said the United States had ization (UNESCO) in Paris. bank's depositors. In 1956 the Bank exported oranges, coal, textiles and some Member, Executive Committee of the Unit­ Holding Act was passed to curb excesses machinery totaling $10-mill1on. He charac­ ed States National Commission for UNESCO of bank holding companies, which might terized the sales as "clearly helping our ba­ (1959, 1960). lance-of-payments problem." Member, National Citizens Commission on otherwise by the device of holding com­ After the initial meetings in Leipzig, Mr. International Cooperation. panies evade the 1933 law. Rabb made four unpublicized trips to Berlin Member of Panel of Concmators, Interna­ However, several exemptions to the where he conferred with a Deputy Premier tional Centre for Settlement of Investment act of 1956 were made. All but two of and members of the state police before he Disputes, 1967. (Appointed by President these exemptions were eliminated in obtained the release of Mr. Van Altena. He Johnson.) 1966. said he could not disclose the names of the Member, Presidential Commission on In­ Legislation I have pending-H.R. officials. come Maintenance Programs, 1968. (Ap­ 232-would do away with the remaining TWO BERLIN LAWYERS pointed by President Johnson.) two exemptions to the Bank Holding His command post was a West Berlin Director: Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, Inc., hotel. Since there is no direct telephone The American News Company, Royal National Company Act of 1956; the one bank hold­ communication between East and West Ber­ Bank of New York, Tudor Industries, Inc., ing provision and the provisions exempt­ lin, the arrangements were worked out by Westons Shoppers City, Inc., Struthers Wells ing labor organizations. two lawyers, Jurgen Stange of West Berlin Corporation, Imodco International, Limited, The two remaining exemptions to the and Wolfgang Vogel of East Berlin. Mr. Vogel Magic Marker Corp., American Corporation, Bank Holding Act have left enormous had participated in the trade of Francis EDP Technology, Inc., Rite Aid Corporation, loopholes in the law which must be cor­ Gary Powers, the American U-2 pilot, and Chairman of the Board of Directors, Inter­ rected. Under the one bank exemption Col. Rudolf Abel, the Soviet spy. national Airport Hotel System, Inc. Mr. Van Altena was released in 1966 with­ Married, four children. a holding company need not register with out publicity. By that time four other Amer­ OtHce: 61 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10006 the ?ederal Reserve System unless it icans had been arrested in East Berlin and HA 5-5200. owns 25 percent or more of two banks. Mr. Rabb agreed to work for their freedom Home: 145 Central Park West, New York, As a result of this exemption, corporate also. N.Y. 10023 SU 7-9312. giants are now entering the banking They were: Mary Ellen Battle of Oak AtHliated with the following organizations: field. On July 2, 1968, a giant trading Ridge, Tenn.; Moses Reese Herrin of Akron, Member, Association of the Bar of the City of New York. stamp company reached agreement to Ohio; Frederick Matthews of Ellwood City, acquire a $322 m1llion bank in Con­ Pa., and William W. Lovett of San Fran­ President, United States Committee for cisco. The first three were charged with Refugees. necticut. Several other leading corPora­ having helped East Germans escape to the Board of Governors, Hebrew Union College. tions and organizations have long owned West; Mr. Lovett was arrested in connec­ President, The Home Advisory and Service banks and so have labor organizations. tion with a traffic accident and on charges Council of New York, Inc. The largest banks in the country, it of carrying a concealed weapon. Vice President, Jewish Publication Society has been reported, are giving thought to Working with Messrs. Stange and Vogel, of America. setting up one bank holding company the two Berlin lawyers, Mr. Rabb obtained Director, American Friends of the Alliance Lsraelite Universelle. operations. This trend toward banking the release of the four in February, 1967. He be had arranged coded Telex communications Director, New York Board of Anti-Defama­ conglomerates should stopped in the between his Wall Street Office and Mr. Vogel's tion League of B'nai B'rith. interest of protecting the funds of the otHce in East Berlin to speed the long and Member, Advisory Board of Directors of depositors and against monoPolles. This complicated negotiations. Waldemar Medical Research Foundation. principle was adopted by Congress in The seventh American released through Member, Board of Trustees, National Jew­ 1933 and it 1s a sound one. Mr. Rabb's mediation effort was Peter T. ish Hospital at Denver. The Federal Reserve Board has con­ Feinauer of Providence, R.I., who was ar­ Member, Board of Directors, NAACP Legal sistently called for the elimination of rested in October, 1966, on charges of espion­ Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. age for the Central Intelllgence Agency and Member, Board of Directors, Salzburg these exemptions. Chairman W1lliam of helping East Germans to fiee to the West. Seminar in American Studies. Mcchesney Martin testified that "exist­ He was freed last month. Member, Board of Directors, The Oliver ing provisions of law have proved entirely Mr. Rabb has received a personal note from Wendell Holmes Association. inadequate to deal with the special prob­ Secretary of State Dean Rusk extending Member, Board of Overseers for Govern­ lems created by bank holding com­ "warm appreciation and congratulations" for ment Relations, Brandeis University. panies." the effort. The lawyer said he paid for all Member: The Harvard Club of New York, I feel my legislation, H.R. 232, would of his travels to Berlin on his own and ac­ The Players, New York City, Pilgrims of the cepted no fees from the prisoners. United States, The Metropolitan Club, Wash­ insure the principle adopted in 1933 that ington, D.C., Army & Navy Club, Washington, joint banking and nonbanking busi­ SUMMARY BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT OF D.C., Federal City Club, Washington, D.C., nesses are not in the public interest. MAXWELL M. RABB National Press Club, Washington, D.C., Bel­ Born, Boston, Massachusetts. mont Country Club, Belmont, Mass. Education: Harvard College, A.B., 1932; Decorations: Commendatore, Order of Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1935; Wilberforce, Merit of Republic of Italy. MRS. HAGOOD BOSTICK DIES LL.D. (Hon.) 1957. Profession: Lawyer, admitted to practice before the Bars of Massachusetts, New York HON. ALBERT W. WATSON and the Supreme Court of the United States. EXEMPTIONS TO BANK HOLDING OF SOUTH CAROLINA Now a partner in the law firm of Stroock & ACT MUST BE ELIMINATED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Stroock & Lavan. Career Data (in addition to practice of Monday, July 22, 1968 law): Administrative Assistant to United States HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT Mr. WATSON. Mr. Speaker, this past Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, 1937-1943. OF FLORIDA Thursday death claimed a very promi­ Administrative Assistant to United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nent South Carolinian, Mrs. Hagood Senator Sinclair Weeks, 1944. Bostick, of Columbia. Lieutenant, Atlantic Amphibious Com­ Monday, July 22, 1968 This untimely passing of one of the mand, United States Navy, during World Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, it is dis­ loveliest and most gracious ladies it has War II. turbing to read reports recently that ever been my privilege to know has Legal and Legislative Consultant to Secre­ tary of Navy Forrestal, 1946. joint banking and nonbanking businesses come as a profound shock to her many Consultant to United States Senate Rules are being set up with increasing fre­ friends and is a great loss to all citizens Committee, 1952. quency. of South Carolina, especially those 1n Presidential Assistant and Secretary to the When our present system of dual bank­ Richland County. Cabinet of the United States, The White ing was set up in 1933, it was decided Mrs. Bostick was a librarian by pro­ House, Washington, D.C., January, 1953 to that banking and nonbanking activities fession. She was a public-spirited citizen 22742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1968 without equal by choice. I will always was president. The club sponsors a large each man, each woman, is an important in­ remember her as a person who was ever annual dog show and in this Mrs. Bostick dividual in the sight of a loving God. willing to extend a helping hand to any­ was always a guiding figure. We are not strangers among strangers-un­ one, no matter how great or small their She was recognized nationally as an au­ less we ourselves decide that we shall be so. thority on dog breeding and dog judging We are friends among friends and the small station in life. and often served as a judge at shows sanc­ words and passing acts are of everlasting Her accomplishments were so many tioned by the American Kennel Club. She consequence. We are never alone; even unto and her talents so varied that it would was an authority on cocker spaniels and the grave and beyond. be presumptuous of me to even attempt raised them at her home, "Dogwood," on the Say I this today because friends are bury­ to list them. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I Hampton property on the outskirts of ing a friend, Mrs. Hagood Bostick in the Caro­ include as a part of my remarks a notice Columbia. lina soil she cherished and among the Caro­ of her passing together with a very When Columbia's new private school, lina friends (living and dead), who are as Hammond Academy, was organized, she was countless as the red grains of midlands' sand. beautiful and moving tribute to her one of its founders and benefactors and memory by Mr. H. Harrison Jenkins, as She will be today and tomorrow and forever served on its Board of Trustees. to me as she was yesterday and the vanished follows: Few major endeavors for the advancement years before: Miss Lucy. And I shall never [From the Columbia (S.C.) State, July 19, of Columbia and Richland County failed to pass the northeast corner of Washington and 1968) enlist the leadership talents and the mate­ Sumter Streets without knowing that the rial support of Mrs. Bostick. ghost of Miss Lucy graces the Richland Coun­ MRS. HAGOOD BOSTICK DIES In recent years, she even found time to Mrs. Hagood Bostick, for many yea.rs a conduct a discussion of books and library ty Library she loved, fostered and nurtured. leader and patron in the cultural and educa­ services on WIS-radio. I remember Miss Lucy several decades ago, tional life of Columbia and of the state, Mrs. Bostick attended Converse College when I was a very young Colwnbian, not died early Thursday. She had been critically and studied library science at Emory Univer­ yet bursting past the magical age of 12. In injured in an automobile accident on July 5. sity, Atlanta, and the University of South those days, girls were an infernal nuisance The funeral will be held this afternoon at Carolina. who got in the way of baseball, football or 5 o'clock in Trinity Episcopal Church of She was a former president of the Players basketball games at the Sumter Street Y, the which she was a member. Interment will be Club, a member of the Drama Club, the As­ city's playgrounds and the schools' and in Trinity churchyard. sembly and a former president of the Junior churches' gymnasiums. Mrs. Bo.stick had been Richland County League. Girls were silly creatures who wanted to librarian since 1928. As an officer and a The former Lucy Hampton, Mrs. Bostick · entice young men into foolish games when member of the State Library Boa.rd, she was was the daughter of the late Frank Hamp­ instead, a young man would rather try to one of the pioneers in the mission of extend­ ton and Gertrude Gonzales Hampton. She arch a basketball under the low-ceilinged ing public free libraries and the.tr educational was a grand niece of Gen. Wade Hampton. basketball court at Trinity, or swat a soft­ services throughout South Carolina. She had She descended, on her mother's side, from ball out of Valley Park and across Green a leadership role in encouraging legislation the family out of which was founded The Street. which became the basis of the spread and State newspaper. Her mother was the sister Between times, there were books. Books improvement of library functions over the of the three Gonzales brothers who estab­ and more books. Only four were allowed at a state. lished the newspaper February 18, 1891. The time; and four could 'be read, easily, in a In the community of Columbia, Mrs. Bos­ brothers were the late N. G. Ambrose and day. So, in the "upstairs" library for chil­ tick lent her leadership and support to prac­ W111iam E111ott Gonzales. dren, I wore out dozens of paper-cards, read­ tically every major endeavor devoted to the Mrs. Bostick was a member of the Board ing and reading. I was no Wolfe, insanely interests of the arts, including the Town of Directors of the State-Record co., which devouring print with a ravening appetite. Theater, the Columbia Museum of Art and publishes The State and The Columbia Reading was just plain fun and sustenance the Historic Columbia Foundation. Record, and entertained a . deep interest in for imaginative journeys through Stone Age Under her direction, the Richland County the newspapers and their institutional adventures, West Point cadethood, athletic Library was developed from an institution responsib.ili ty. triumphs, excursions with the knights of the having only 16,000 volumes to one which now Surviving are her husband, Hagood Bos­ Round Table to save fair ladies and defeat ha.s 225,953 in its main city library and its tick; a sister, Mrs. Victor B. Barringer of even Saracen warriors. four branches, Waverly, Cooper, St. Andrew's Richmond, Va.; three brothers, Frank Hamp­ Except that, on a summer's day, I found and Eastover. At the time Mrs. Bostick be­ ton, Harry R. E. Hampton and Ambrose G. that I'd read everything in the upstairs li­ came librarian the library's annual circula­ Hampton, all of Columbia, and a number of brary. I remember that the librarian there tion was 60,000 volumes. Today that circu­ nieces and nephews. asked: "Everything?" And I answered, "Yes, lation is more than a mi111on volumes. One of Pallbearers will be McKeever Willcox of everytMng except the sissy girls' books." Wha.t the modern services of the library is the Darlington, Paul B. Barringer II of Weldon, red-blooded Oarolin.a boy would want to read Bookmobile, which makes books available in N.C., Ben R. Morris of Atlanta, Dr. Ambros.e stories of young ladies? When the librarian rural areas. G. Hampton Jr., A. McConnell Faucette and checked hither and you finding indeed that During her long administration, Mrs. Bos­ Kirkman Finlay, Jr., of Columbia. I'd read everything of interest to a young tick saw the library move successively from For those who desire, memorials can be boy, she said: "Let's go see Miss Lucy." modest quarters to the modern structure forwarded to the Carolina Children's Home. I followed her downstairs and lisrtened to which houses it today at Sumter and Wash­ the conference as the upstairs librarian con­ ington Streets. She also played a leading [From the Columbia (S.C.) Record, ferred with the great Voice of Authority, part in the effort which lead to the provi­ July 19, 1968] sion of a large new headquarters, now being Miss Lucy. And I waited, wondering whether I SHALL ALWAYS REMEMBER MISS LUCY the immense treasure-hoard of the "down­ constructed at Senate and Bull Streets, for stairs library" would be opened for me. the State Library Board. (By H. Harrison Jenkins) The American Library Assn. appointed Always there will be the glowering, des­ Miss Lucy turned and her voice did not Mrs. Bostick as special membership chairman pondent men among us--sack-cloth and shake me with thunder, as I thought it for South Carolina. ashes wailers-who moan that we are noth­ might. Lt wa.S soft and her eyes sparkled (they always, always did when she talked). For more than 30 years she served as sec­ ing, handfuls of breathing dust soon to dust retary of the Columbia Stage Society, the returning. In their moments of great despair, She said, "You may check out books from parent body for the Town Theater. In the these groaning prophets avow, as did Thomas downstairs, but I must approve every book same period she was a member of the board Wolfe, that men are "ciphers." you take out." of the theater, a post she still held at the "Naked and alone we came into exile," At that moment, Miss Lucy with queenly time of her death. In i'b> early years, Mrs. wrote the lonely Gulliver of the North Caro­ grace had given me the key to a cave filled Bostick accepted roles in the theater's pro­ lina hills. "In her dark womb we did not with treasure and like Tom Sawyer or Huck ductions and her interest in its ongoing con­ know our mother's face; from the prison of Finn, I was ready to pick up the rich jewels. tinued through her lifetime. her fiesh we come into the unspeakable and I wandered among the stacks, selecting one She was a founding member and patron uncommunicable prison of this earth." of Elliott White Springs' stories of the air of the Historic Columbia Foundation and its battle.s of World War I, a medieval novel and Aimlessly, the dark prophets like Wolfe a book entitled "J'Accuse." restoration of the Anisley Hall house, de­ wander the earth, searching for "a stone, a signed by Robert Mills. She served in an leaf, an unfound door," doomed like the I carried them back to Miss Lucy for ap­ advisory capacity on various committees for legendary Wandering Jew to be forever a proval and was stunned to see her frown as the restoration of the Bostick boxwood gar­ stranger and alone. she looked at "J'Accuse." (I had skimmed through it to discover it was a story of World dens and the restoration of the Hampton­ There are more blissful prophets--men like Preston house. Walt Whitman who can listen to a learned War I.) Only as I grew into adulthood and From 1958 through 1960, Mrs. Bostick was astronomer in a steaming lecture room, dron­ learned something of the French language a member of the board of the Columbia ing big facts about a great universe; to leave did I fully understand why she paused over Museum of Art. the astronomical figures about the vastness "J'Accuse." One of her engrossing interests was the of the universe and the littleness of man; She skimmed through the book, stamped it Columbia Kennel Club. She was its treas­ to look up, at the night-stars and watch the and dismissed me with a benediction quite urer at the time of her death, and formerly stars as they look down; and know that man, befitting Bishop Henry Phillips. July 22, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22743

A small boy and an underatanding li­ crate, not to vindicate, not to abdicate, not REMARKS, IN PART, OF CONGRESSMAN PHILIP brarian. That's all the story is. Yet had she to contemplate, not to consummate, nor to J. PHILBIN AT DEDICATION OF FEDERAL RE­ sternly chased me back upstairs to the ex­ hallow this ground. The brave Winneconne GIONAL CIVIL DEFENSE CENTER, MAYNARD, hausted children's books, whrut lightning Army, Navy and Air Force that struggled MASS., JUNE 10, 1968 stroke would have splintered my spirit! She here have consecrated it far above our poor I am very thankful to my dear and very did not. And among the thousands and thou­ powers to add or detract, divide or multiply. distinguished friend, the outstanding head sands of people I've met and millio.ns of We are met here rather to celebrate the of Civil Defense in this region, the Hon. experiences I've had, I have never forgotten Victory that is ours. To wave again the Proud Laurie Cormier, for his kind invitatLon to Miss Lucy's graceful understanding. Flag of the Sovereign State of ·Winneconne. join you on this very significant day. When I carried my 10-year-old son down To honor the brave men, women and chil­ We proudly meet here to dedica.te this to the Cooper library a few weeks ago, we dren who fought here. splendid new protective facil1ty for Civil found he'd misplaced his card. So, I decided The World wlll little note, nor long re­ Defense. I'd just get a card for myself and check member what we say here, but it can never We meet in the shadow of the shock and out books on Mozart, Beethoven and King forget what we did here. Now it is for us to sorrow of the incredible events of last week, Arthur for him. be here dedicated to the Great Task remain­ during which the life of a dear friend, es­ The application required a reference. ing before us. To stand fl.rm in our resolu­ teemed, outstanding, national and world "Who," I thought, "should I give?" Remem­ tion that the Great Battle of Winneconne leader, Senator Robert Kennedy was snuffed bering the sparkling eyes of a gentle lady has not been fought in vain. That our ring­ out by the bullets of an assassin. of Carolina, knowing that she would enjoy ing battle cry-"Keep Winneconne on the As we seek the elusive answer to this the choice, I wrote: "Mrs. Hagood Bostick." Map" shall ring in our hearts forever. ghastly tragedy, and the truly irreparable I am glad that I did. However, I was al­ Therefore we-James Coughlin, President and great loss our nation and the world has most compelled to write not her full married of the Sovereign State of Winneconne, Vera suffered, our hearts and our prayers go out name, but simply that name by which I Kitchen, Prime Minister and Custodian of to his stricken, bereaved family, and we join shall always know and remember her: "Miss Vera's Kitchen .Kabinet; W1lliam Schlapman, them in mourning one of our greatest lead­ Lucy." Secretary of State for all Activities; the many ers, of whom we are all so proud. stalwart princes and princesses of the Cham­ Senator Kennedy was very much interested ber of Commerce and the ever ready and re­ in Civil Defense, because he realized full WINNECONNE CELEBRATES liable citizens of our great state ... do here well the importance of being prepared for SECESSION DAY pledge ourselves to struggle tirelessly in all any eventuality, and the mandate to leave activities pertinent to the First Anniversary nothing undone to save and preserve the Celebration of Winneconne Secession Day ... lives of as many of our fellow citizens and HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER and we do solemnly swear that This V1llage people as possible in the event of enemy OF WISCONSIN shall have a New Birth of Freedom ... and attacks upon this country, which I do not that the Government of Winneconne, for believe will happen, and God forbid. But we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Winneconne and by Winneconne, shall not must be fully prepared at all times. Monday, July 22, 1968 perish from The Map. This is indeed a great work, and in the urgent public interest it must go on until Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. we are totally assured of complete security. Speaker, yesterday I had the pleasure Fortunately, we have exceptionally able, of revisiting the village of Winneconne, DEDICATION OF REGIONAL CIVIL distinguished leadership handling this ac­ that delightful community and vacation DEFENSE CENTER AT MAYNARD, tivity in our region. Mayor Cormier is not spot which last year experienced the MASS. only extremely able, but highly experienced specter that every small city dreads-­ and successful in public affairs. Under his being left off the official map of the State. leadership, and with the assistance of those serving with him, and effective support from A year ago the very talented citizens HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN Washington, we are assured of the most far­ of Winneconne staged a war of seces­ OF llUSSACHUSETl'S sighted, efficient management and direction sion; as the president of their chamber IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of this great imperative work, and this won­ of commerce, Mrs. Vera Kitchin, had Monday, July 22, 1968 derful center and facmty. declared: The Washington office of Civil Defense is Fishermen could not know where to :fish, Mr. PffiLBIN. Mr. Speaker, under also very ably led, and ably staf!ed, so that industry could not know where to relo­ unanimous consent to revise and extend we can be proud and confident of continued, cate .... my remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ effective operation and leadership of this ORD, I include therein my remarks, in vital work. The occasion yesterday was the first part, at the dedication of the Federal Re­ The basic functions of warning and advis­ anniversary of Winneconne's secession. gional Civil Defense Center, Maynard, ing the people, rounding out the shelter Hundreds of people gathered on a beau­ program, being ready to move when preven­ tiful July Sunday to mark this auspi­ Mass., in my district on June 10, 1968. tive or remedial measures are essential, keep­ cious event. I want to share with my This was a very significant event and ing flt and ready at all times in the interest colleagues by inserting in the RECORD at was arranged and conducted by my of national defense, security and recovery, esteemed friend and outstanding pub­ preparedness and other well-thought-out this point the proclamation read yester­ lic official, Hon. Laurie Cormier, head of functions of the program are objectives long day by Mrs. Vera Kitchen: the regional civil defense office. It was approved by the American people, which we PROCLAMATION OF DECLARATION FOR THE CELE­ attended by many dignitaries from the are proud to be associated with, and which BRATION OF ['HE DEDICATION OF, THE WIN­ Washington office, the armed services, we are indeed pleased and honored to reaf­ NECONNE NATION firm here today. Approximately four and a half score plus leaders of various other government de­ As we all know, we are 11 ving in a very seven years ago, our Fathers brought forth on partments, and officials and leaders, of dangerous world, and we must all be keenly this continent a New V1llage, conceived in local, State, and Federal governments. aware of that fact. Liberty and dedicated to the Proposition that The exercises were very impressive We cannot take chances with the lives, all men are created Equal, with some more and will long be remembered by those health and well-being of the American peo­ Equal than others. in attendance, since they were brilliantly ple. We can not and must not underestimate Approxlmately one-tenth and 6 months conducted by Director Cormier, and the the power, strength or possible designs of ago, our State Fathers, through hapless hap­ program was extremely interesting, in­ potential enemies. penstance, threatened our Liberty, our Recent experience proves beyond the Equality, our Fraternity and our Paternity, formative, and inspirational'. shadow of a doubt what we are facing, and undermining our Pride and the Bulwarks I want to laud and thank Director wha.t we can expect in the world and in the of our Economy, by leaving the sacred name Cormier, and his staff, and the leaders country. and location of Winneconne completely off and officials of the Washington office, After long-continued attempts and efforts, the Official State of Wisconsin Highway and all those who participated in the we are now engaged in peace conferences at Maps. dedicatory exercise. Paris to try to end the :fighting in Vietnam, We became known nationally as "The For­ It was indeed a pleasure, a great hon­ and establish peace in the world at the gotten Village of Winneconne." be earliest possible time. We strive and pray Thus did we become engaiged in a Great or and a real privilege to present at for good results in these endeavors. Civil War, testing whether This Village, or this very meaningful event and I am However, regardless of these efforts, we any other village, so conceived and so dedi­ thankful to Director Cormier and the cannot let down our guard for one moment. cated, can long endure. Department for the opportunity to at­ We must be determined and prepared to We are met on the Great Battlefield of tend and make the principal address. protect this nation against violence a.nd dis .. That War, not to dedicate, not to conse- The remarks follow: orders at home, and maintain law and order CXIV--1433-Part 17 22744 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23, 1968 in this country, and we must be sure, above This nation and its free institutions are to greater heights of security, ordered, free all, that we have the strength, the power and the greatest hope of civilization. government, and better opportunities and the will to defend ourselves, our shores, our The facility we so proudly dedicate here better conditions, better prospects for all or homes, our people and our freedoms at all today is a vital part of our protective sys­ our people. times, and under every conceivable circum­ tem. Let us make it truly meaningful, in And let us hope and pray that the efforts stance. terms of efficient performance and concrete we are now making to stop the fighting and To do less than that would be to misin­ results, in fulfilling its great mission of pro- establish enduring peace in Vietnam and the terpret the conditions and threats that exist tecting human life. · world will soon be crowned with success. around us in the country and the world, And let us at all times make it clear' to Heartiest congratulations to our great Civil and we must make sure, as we move into Defense organization, and to you, Mayor higher levels of prosperity for all, and the those who harbor objectives of aggression, who are striving to weaken and destroy Cromier, and your staff. May this fine facil­ enrichment of freedoms for all, regardless ity and all its counterparts always look out of race, class or creed, that we secure and freedom in the world, and in this country, over communities, a nation and a world protect this country, and all its communi­ that our nation intends to protect itself at where there is lasting peace. ties, as best we oan from the hazards of war all cost, to preserve the great heritage of Thank you for the high privilege and hon­ or subversion, disorders and violence. freedom that is ours, and to move forward or of being with you today.

HOUSE. OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, July 23, 1968 The House met at 11 o'clock a.m. 30, 1969, and for other purposes, with minute and to revise and extend my Rev. John H. Blakemore, Fairfax Senate amendments thereto, disagree to remarks. Methodist Church, Fairfax, Va., offered the Senate amendments, and agree to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the following prayer: the conference asked by the Senate. the request of the gentleman from South Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Carolina? the request of the gentleman from There was no objection. as we face the responsibilities of another Texas? day we would pray with the Psalmist of The Chair hears none, and appoints Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, never before old, "Create in me a clean heart, O God, the following conferees: Messrs. KIRWAN, in world history have peace demonstra­ and put a new and right spirit within EVINS of Tennessee, BOLAND, WHITTEN, tors served the cause of aggression and me." Cleanse anew our motives and our MORRIS of New Mexico, MAHON, RHODES war as effectively as those recently con­ goals that we shall not swerve in our of Arizona, DAVIS of Wisconsin, ROBI­ ducted in the United States. Never before loyalty for that which is highest and SON, and Bow. have candidates for office and high office best. holders served the cause of aggression Even as men of faith in all ages have and war so effectively as some here in looked up to Thee for strength beyond THE TAX-DODGING FOUNDATIONS our human capacity, so we pray that the United States when they could have SHOULD BE CONDEMNED BY promoted unity and peace. Thou shalt renew our lives by the re- BOTH MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES plenishing of Thy spirit. . · Events in Czechoslovakia point to dis­ Especially we pray that Thou wouldst Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unity behind the Iron Curtain. Recenit give these Thy servants the assurance of unanimous consent to address the House student demonstrations in Warsaw indi­ Thy favor and divinely undergird their for 1 minute and to revise and extend cate a disenchantment with the Commu­ highest aims and purposes. We pray in my remarks. nist heirarchy. There is widespread un­ Christ's name. Amen. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from rest rePorted 1n East Germany, Rumania, Texas? Hungary, and Yugoslavia as well as in THE JOURNAL There was no objection. Czechoslovakia and Poland. All reports The Journal of the proceedings of yes: Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is in­ from Red China indicate that Mao Tse­ terday was read and approved. cumbent upon the Democratic and Re­ tung is in trouble and there is wide­ publican Parties to ·oppose the use of pri­ spread disillusionment with his brand of vately controlled, tax exempt founda­ communism. North Vietnamese Commu­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE tions for purposes of tax dodging., Today, nists agreed to the Paris peace talks only A message from the Senate by Mr. we are confronted with a serious prob­ because of disunity in the Communist Arrington, one of its clerks, announced lem because many of our wealthy people world and because of the effectiveness of that the Senate agrees to the amend­ escape Federal and state estate taxes by American airpower in North Vietnam ment of the House to a bill of the Senate leaving their fortunes to their personal and defeat of Communist aggression 1n foundations while the average American South Vietnam. of the following title: carries an increasingly heavy tax burden. s. 6. An act to authorize the Secretary of This also enables a few individuals to Mr. Speaker, it is not too late for the the Interior to construct, operate, and main­ control ever increasing tax exempt candidates for President to unite behind tain the initial stage of the Oahe unit, James our foreign policy and to show unity 1n division, Missouri River Basin project, South wealth. Dakota, and for other purposes. The trend to shift the wealth of Amer­ the face of aggression. It is not too late ica's richest families into their tax ex­ for the American people to unite and ex­ empt foundations and charitable trusts ploit the dissension, distrust, and rivalry PUBLIC WORKS AND ATOMIC EN­ represents a gigantic loophole in our tax in the Communist world. ERGY APPROPRIATIONS, 1969 laws. Mr. Speaker, this year may offer the Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ We exclude, of course, the following greatest hope for world peace and the imous consent to take from the Speaker's types of exempt organizations, among cause of freedom that has presented itself table the bill