June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15467 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS IGOR I. SIKORSKY AND IDS GREEN designers, never flew," and (when asked why SALUTE TO THE "GREEN GIANTS" GIANTS: TRIDUTES TO THE MAN his first helicopter did not fly), "Insufficient (By Mrs. Helen Glasgow, Bridgeport, Conn., AND IDS MACHINES knowledge, insufficient horsepower." dedicated to the Sikorsky HH-3E helicop­ Among those seated at the head table with ters on their first transatlantic flight, May Mr. Sikorsky were Mrs. Sikorsky, Capt. Ed­ 31, 1967) HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO ward V. Rickenbacker, Brig. Gen. H. Franklin We salute you, Green Giants Gregory, USAF (ret.), pioneer military heli­ OF CONNECTICUT On your great achievement: copter pilot; Comdr. Frank Erickson, USCG You've made it, you've made it, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (ret.), pioneer helicopter pilot and pilot of You made it again! Wednesday, June 11, 1969 the first helicopter mercy mission; Admiral Arthur W. Radford, USN (ret.), former head With perpetual motion Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, one of the of the joint chiefs of staff and a helicopter You flew over the Ocean greatest pioneers of the age of fiight, Igor pilot late in his career; Arthur Godfrey, for­ To bring to mankind I. Sikorsky, recently celebrated his 80th mer helicopter pilot; Capt. Boris Sergievsky, God's perpetual love. birthday. I rise to pay tribute to the man test pilot of Sikorsky's flying boats; C. L. The fires are burning, the waters are churn- and his work. (Les) Morris, pioneer helicopter test pilot; ing, Clarence Chamberlin and Bernt Balchen, pio­ All hope for salvation is gone. Mr. Sikorsky, still active as consulting neer ocean pilots; Najeeb E. Halaby, president engineer with Sikorsky Aircraft in Strat­ Then-hark! From the distance of Pan American World Airways, which used As if coming from Heaven, ford, Conn., led the way in the develop­ Sikorsky's "Flying Clippers" to pioneer trans­ Those green helicopters, ment of the world's first four-engine air­ oceanic air routes; William P. Gwinn, chair­ The familiar drone! plane, the development of the famous man of United Aircraft Corporation; Wesley "Flying Clippers," and, most important, A. Kuhrt, Sikorsky Aircraft president, and Oh! Jolly Green Giants, GOd keep you and in the development of the first practical B. L. Whelan, former general manager of bless you. Sikorsky Aircraft. Oh! save us, oh! save us, save us from our helicopter, a machine that is valuable to­ Mr. Sikorsky, now engineering consultant plight! day but is made for tomorrow. I can for Sikorsky Aircraft, was born on May 25 The guns are a-roaring, the wounded are think of no better living testimonial to 1889 in Kiev, Russia. A pioneer in three groaning, his accomplishments than "his machine," phases of aviation, with the world's first All hope for salvation is gone! the helicopter. four-engine airplane, the Grand; the "Flying Then-hark! From the distance In New York City last month, many of Clippers," and the first practical helicopter, As if coming from Heaven, the most famous names in aviation his­ he has received more than 100 honors from Of those green helicopters the famlliar drone. tory gathered to honor this man. I would the aviation world, including the Wright Oh! Jolly Green Giants, God keep you and like to include at this point in the REc­ Brothers Memorial Award in 1967. bless you; ORD an article in the May issue of Sikor­ I would also like to include the text of Our guardian angels--the Angels in Green! sky News, the company newspaper, which an article in the May 21, 1969, New York describes this event and those who at­ Times which describes the same event. tended it. The article follows: ONE HUNDRED HONOR SIKORSKY, Now NEAR 80 STUDENTS TO HELP DETERMINE IGOR I. SIKORSKY, 80, HONORED AT PARTY More than 100 aviation leaders paid tribute "Presented to: Igor I . Sikorsky, pioneer­ yesterday to Igor I. Sikorsky, aeronautical U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION POLI­ gentleman-friend, by his many admirers in pioneer and founder of Sikorsky Aircraft, at CIES? PICK THEM BY "POINT recognition of his 80th birthday May 25, 1969. a testimonial luncheon held by the Wings SYSTEM" (Presented May 20, 1969, at the Wings Club, Club in the Biltmore Hotel. The occa~ion New York City.)" celebrated Mr. Sikorsky's 60 years' of service Thls is the inscription engraved on the to aviation as well as his 80th birthday next HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY Sunday. silver tray, which, with eight silver wine gob­ OF INDIANA lets, was presented to Mr. Sikorsky at a testi­ Roscoe Turner, pioneer aviator and racing monial luncheon May 20 at the Wings Club pilot, presented a sterling silver tray and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the Biltmore Hotel, in celebration of his wine goblets to Mr. Sikorsky. H. M. Horner, Wednesday, June 11, 1969 approaching birthday anniversary. chairman emeritus of the United Aircraft Approximately 100 leaders in the aviation Corporation, was master of ceremonies. Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, a story in the world attended the affair honoring the aero­ Sikorsky Aircraft is a division of United New York Times on June 1, 1969, re­ nautical pioneer and founder of Sikorsky Aircraft in Stratford, Conn. Lauren D. (Deac) ported that the U.S. Office of Education Aircraft. Lyman, retired vice president of the corpora­ is getting ready to give students a larger H. M. Horner, chairman emeritus of United tion and a former Pulitzer Prize-winning voice in shaping Federal educational Aircraft Corporation, served as master of cere­ aviation editor of The New York Times, re­ policies that affect campus affairs. Ac­ monies, and introduced Col. Roscoe Turner, called the highlights of his more than 40 pioneer aviator and racing pilot, who pre­ years association with Mr. Sikorsky. cording to reports, this is being done to sented Mr. Sikorsky with the gift. Mr. Lyman traced Mr. Sikorsky's interest meet some recent student demands­ Lauren D. (Deac) Lyman, retired vice pres­ in aviation from his youth in Kiev in the everything is a demand nowadays-for ident of United Aircraft Corporation, former Soviet Ukraine, when he switched his goal of student involvement in all facets of de­ aviation editor of The New York Times and becoming an electrical engineer and "de­ cisionmaking, planning, implementation, Pulitzer Prize winner, was guest speaker. He cided that aviation, aeronautical engineer­ and evaluation of the agency's multi­ traced Mr. Sikorsky's early days in aviation, ing, was to be his way of life." The decision billion-dollar educational program. both in Russia and in the United States. was influenced by an article that Mr. Sikor­ Dr. James E. Allen, the new U.S. Com­ Mr. Lyman recalled in detail the first and sky had read about Wilbur Wright's early last flights of the VB-300, Mr. Sikorsky's first exploits. missioner of Education, was quoted as successful helicopter. In speaking of the first saying: flight, in 1939, when this helicopter was flown Perhaps the most moving tribute to I am very definitely supporting this gen­ tethered to the ground, Mr. Lyman empha­ this man's monumental accomplish­ eral move to involve young people here. sized not only that it was the first flight of ments, however, is a short song written a. true helicopter in this country, but also by Mrs. Helen Glasgow, of Bridgeport, The demands being made were pre­ that Mr. Sikorsky, the designer and test pilot, Conn., a perceptive, patriotic woman pared at a recent 2-day meeting to which was making his first flight in a. helicopter. whose work has appeared in the REcORD the agency had invited 15 student lead­ The last flight of the VB-300, also with Mr. ers, some of the~ veterans of campus Sikorsky at the controls, took place in 1943 before. This song, dedicated to the Si­ korsky HH-3E helicopter or "Green activism. The students attending the before Henry Ford, when Mr. Sikorsky pre­ meeting had said they had considered a sented the helicopter to Ford's Edison Mu­ Giant," might well have been written by seum in Dearborn, Mich. sit-in at the Commissioner's office, but a wounded soldier in Vietnam waiting to agreed to give the Federal Government a Mr. Lyman quoted examp1es of Mr. Sikor­ be airlifted to safety or a downed pilot sky's wisdom, which, he said, the aeronautical "second chance." I find this very gener­ pioneer often expressed in the most casual tossing on the waves waiting for the help ous and tolerant of them. manner. Among these examples were: which may never come. I would like to All this dates back to the last admin­ "A great many airplanes were designed include the text of her song in the RECORD istration. The former Commissioner, which, to the great good fortune of their at this point: Harold Howe II, issued a memo last Oc- i5468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 tober endorsing calling a conference and If working their way through college sored jointly by all the veterans and estabishing a youth advisory panel and with a part-time job, five points; patriotic organizations of Springfield. student participation on advisory boards If still actively involved in community­ The master of ceremonies was C. H. and review panels. After the students wide projects while in college, five points. "Pat" Patterson, an active Legionnaire, met the second week in May, in Wash­ These are only suggestions for a be­ writer, poet, and the current president ington, they charged Howe's proposals ginning. I am sure there are other areas of the Greene County Memorial Associa­ had not been implemented and did not which can and should be counted in. I tion. go far enough. might add, any student who had been During the program, Mr. Patterson According to the students- subject to academic or civil discipline for presented a moving eulogy to our be­ By definition, student involvement re­ campus disturbances would be auto­ loved former President, Dwight D. Eis­ quires no less than the relinquishing of a matically disqualified from any position. enhower. The eulogy is worthy of repe­ significant portion of the power now held I know there are many who could tition and I place it in the RECORD so almost exclusively by Office of Education easily meet these simple requirements, that it might be shared with others: personnel and their professional consultants. and they are the true representatives of "OLD SoLDIERS NEVER DIE"--8TATESMEN LIVE The story notes that there was skepti­ American college youth. FOREVER cism and even hostility by some of the The aim is this: Those who shape the General Ike's deeds of valor and President professional staff. Some of the latter policies by which this country is guided Eisenhower's statesmanship will live forever pointed out that students seemed un­ should be those who in one way or an­ in the hearts and minds of men. aware of the need to follow congression­ other contribute to it, through their As General, he turned the world from chaos al guidelines. This failing, I might add, is work, their involvement with the com­ and destruction. As President, he led the way toward world not necessarily restricted to students, as munity in which they live, or by any peace. every Member of Congress well knows. fonn of service to their locality or Ike was a General honored by his entire But, to quote again from the story: country or their fellow Americans. This command. The students themselves admitted in their includes paying taxes; no one has the A President respected by the whole world, position paper the difficulty of selecting rep­ right to dispose of his fellow-citizen's an humble man loved by all. resentative student spokesmen. They even tax money unless he or she has helped He will forever march by the flag he loved conceded the limitations of their own group contribute to it at one time or another. so well though his footsteps will make no on that score. They had been selected by the My proposal has been transmitted to sound. ageney from lists of student leaders and ac­ "So long Ike" We will rendezvous at the tivists, including black student spokesmen. the Secretary of Health, Education, and great bivouac when that final battle is won. Welfare for his consideration. I cannot C. H. PATTERSON, I find much to quarrel with in the Of­ see any logical objection to such a sys­ fice of Education's acquiescence in this tem. Among the students themselves, it matter. Much so-called "student ac­ should be welcomed; it would assist in tivism" has been marked conspicuously erasing the rapidly growing image that CLAY TALKS OF JOBS, PROBLEMS by a total lack of responsibility and fore­ our country's college students are com... sight, and if some of these activists now posed primarily of spoiled and irre­ seek, and seem to be getting, voices in sponsible rabblerousers, who think of HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS decisions involving millions of taxpayers' nothing but how much noise they can OF CALIFORNIA dollars, then there is reason for concern. make. Arbitrary creation by the Office of The Office of Education would be sure, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Education of additional positions which under this plan, of getting advice from Wednesday, June 11, 1969 will have some authority in administra­ those who should be expected to know Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, Con­ tion of higher education facilities and what they are talking about. And the gressman BILL CLAY, Democrat of Mis­ projects is something I do not think Con­ American citizen would be reassured souri, has been in Congress only 6 gress ever had in mind, either, especially that Federal policymaking and recom­ months-but in that time he has made when such posts are to be filled by indi­ mendations in the all-important field of his presence felt-particularly on the viduals whose experience in the field can­ higher education would rest with those Education and Labor Committee to not exactly be called wide ranging and who, like the citizen himself, had a real which he was assigned and where I am complete. and genuine involvement with the privileged to serve with him. He has evi­ But, if it is to be done, then I have problems of life, and concern for his or denced the interest, the energy, and the some suggestions for the Office of Edu­ her fellow Americans. courage to speak forth on the issues­ cation in selecting the students who will In brief, it is asking for proof of deeds qualities which brought about his elec­ serve. What I recommend is picking them and performance before granting the tion this past November. by a point system, with points to be right and privilege to become involved Congressman CLAY has made signifi­ allotted on the basis of the individual 1n the action. I don't see how or why cant contributions to the hearings on student's involvement in the really im­ anyone would or could find fault with poverty as a member of the ad hoc task portant and bedrock affairs of his or her this, unless, of course, it comes from force on poverty. In this capacity, he community, State, and country. A great student elements who, for some reason rendered great service by relating his deal more than a talent for drafting de­ or another, simply have not done any­ firsthand knowledge of poverty as it af­ mands and organizing demonstrations thing to earn any points. fects black people in urban areas. He is is needed, and my proposed "point sys­ And, in such a case, no one will have a man who grasps the meaning of unrest tem" will help insure representation of lost anything by their being excluded and who pursues constructive courses of those whose concern and responsibility from any sort of participation. action to relieve it. is shown by more than words. I commend to the attention of my col­ The system might be set up something leagues the following news story depict­ as follows: ing the first 100 days of BILL CLAY'S For honorable service in any of the OLD SOLDIERS NEVER DIE service in the Congress. His insight into Nation's Armed Forces, for a period of 2 the plight of poor people and their needs years or more, any service, any branch, is refreshing-and it is vividly reported any rank, 10 points; an additional two HON. DURWARD G. HALL by Ethel L. Payne who deserves due points if the individual entered the Ac­ OF MISSOURI recognition for her fine effort. tive Reserve or National Guard after dis­ The article follows: charge from active duty. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, June 11, 1969 [From the St. Louis (Mo.) Sentinel, June 7, For having paid Federal income taxes 1969] in any previous year, 10 points; Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, this past Me­ FIRST 100 DAYS "HEcTIC" FOR FRESHMAN­ For membership in or involvement morial Day, it was my great pleasure to CLAY TALKS OF JOBS, PROBLEMS with Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, boys' clubs, speak at ceremonies honoring our Na­ (By Ethel L. Payne) church groups or any communityWide, tion's war dead at the national cemetery WASHINGTON.-Rep. William (Bill) Clay charitable, or character-building activity, in Springfield, Mo. earned his bachelor of Science degree from five points; · The program was planned and spon- St. Louis U. in history and political science; June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15469 but he has a unique theory on economics in between $15 and $20 million at ·the same This letter states that you are in the proc­ the ghettoes that would have interested the time the corps was being reduced by 16,000 ess of conducting an experiment in "peer learned British economist, John Maynard slots. The $20 mililon could be better used rating" in-house Department of Defense Keynes who died in 1946 or the very much to add a few more job opportunities, Clay laboratories and would like to understand alive Dr. Andrew Brimmer of the U.S.A. who said. the relationship of the characteristics of the ls a governor of the Federal Reserve Board. In the St. Louis area, the Congressman "peer rating" system with the data you Clay is all for law and order, but he thinks said the cost to write a check for the Neigh­ presently have on each laboratory; this is to that if the rackets and the other subter­ borhood Youth Corps is now $.45, but un­ be done in accordance with a technique de­ ranean activities that go on in the crowded der the new plan this could jump to $7 a veloped by Dr. Maurice Apstein. From the slums of the inner cities were suddenly re­ check. results of this study you would be able to moved, the whole system of economy in the _ Congressman Clay described his first 100 show me the "image or reputation" of my urban areas would collapse like duck pins in days in office as "hectic." There was the job laboratories as reflected by my peers "both a bowling alley. Of moving his family from St. Louis to a in and out of Government." Sitting in his Capitol Hill office, Clay who house in Silver Spring, Md., a suburb of Unfortunately, since my training is in en­ was elected last November from the First Washington and of getting the three chil­ gineering, not in social science, I am unable District in St. Louis, expounded on his dren, Vicky, Lacy and Michele who range in to comprehend your letter; nor do I under­ theory! age from 10-14 settled in school. They have stand what "peer rating" is. I would imagine The structure of society being what it is, adjusted well except that Vicky was so home­ it is related to the behavior pattern .of blacks are at the bottom of the economic and sick at first that she ran up a $100 telephone pigeons, chickens, and the like, in which, so social scale. In the ghettoes, survival de­ bill in long distance calls which she hid from I have read, a "pecking order" is established. pends upon wit. Employment is irregular a.nd her parents. I am aware that eminent social scientists the pay is low, so the wise dude makes his by Clay has been back to the home dist.rlct have advocated the training of humans by his "smarts,"-he may be a pimp or a num­ about nine times since January. He has two the methods derived from training pigeons­ bers writer or a numbers banker, a purveyor offices there, one in the Federal building and rewarding them with a grain of corn each of hot goods or a narcotics pusher. A hlp cat one in the district. He has traveled about time they fulfilled their norm. I have even can make up to $300 a day or more. To him, 30,000 miles, including the trips to Texas and considered replacing some humans with the square who's working for $1.50 an hour, to EEOC hearings on equal employment in pigeons. On reflection I concluded this would getting up at 5:30 a.m. to travel half way Los Angeles and most recently on a con­ not work; a number Of those I had planned across town to put in eight hours just gressional mission to London to study coal to replace with pigeons threatened to eat doesn't make sense, that work stuff is for the mine safety regulations in England. their replacements. birds! In Washington, Clay's day begins at 9: 15 Since the "image" of my laboratories and of the men and women working in them is HUSTLER IS LAZY a.m. when he arrives at his Capitol Hill office. judged by their superiors and by Congress This doesn't mean that the hustler is lazy. He rarely leaves before 7:30 or 8 p.m. He is currently in the process of compiling a mail­ (which grants the money) on the basis of He can't be if he's going to make his bread; the job they do, I have not found it neces­ it's just that the system isn't "economically ing list. His predecessor destroyed all the previous records from 22 years of service. sary to delve into their psyches or ids, or to feasible." It is possible for a guy with $100.00 devote their time and Government funds on initial capital to live on his stake for months Clay is an active member of the caucus of black members of COngress who have come social science experiments. If laboratory per­ just by the fast turnover in so-called "hot sonnel are unable to do their jobs properly, stuff," which in many cases isn't really hot together to use their influence on Democratic party affairs. After two weeks of delay, the they, along with their psyches and ids, are at all, but legitimate. It sells better and replaced. faster under the label, "hot!" Democratic National Committee ac<:epted For the above reasons and because my The alternative to this fluid financial their recommendation to hire John Dean, a laboratories do not operate under the De­ modus operandi says Congressman Clay is to former staff member Of the Urban Coalition partment of Defense, but under the Atomic pump business and industry on a large scale as the new deputy chairman for minorities. Energy Commission-which does not have into the ghettoes, with a guaranteed income Olay and the others are also pressing for money to indulge in such experiments-! am for every family, plus crash vocational edu­ reforms in the party structure that include returning herewith the mM cards you sent cation programs and on-the-job training. more black representation in policy and a to me; you will surely find use for them The latter score is one of the reasons why more equitable method of selecting delegates elsewhere. the boyish-looking freshman congressman to the national convention. I might add, parenthetically, that there who is 38 years old is so exercised about the are some activities, possibly laboratories, threat to the job corps in St. Louis, and which do more good by doing little or noth­ elsewhere. ing than if they energetically pursued their In a speech at Texas Southern U. on the RICKOVER VERSUS THE objectives. commemoration of Law Day, May 2, Clay PENTAGON I wish you all the success your project charged the Nixon Administration with using merits. shock tactics to silence the supporters of the Sincerely yours, Job Corps. He had just read an Associated HON. CRAIG HOSMER H. G. RICKOVER. Press report of plans by admlnlstration of­ OF CALIFORNIA ficials to release files on gang rapes, homo­ sexuality, extortion and drug use at U.S. Job IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Corps sites, if necessary, in order to justify Wednesday, June 11, 1969 A BRITISH NIGHTMARE the decision to close down certain centers. "It does not disturb me that these sorts of Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, in the things would happen when you bring groups endless battle of wits between Vice Adm. HON. TOM STEED of 600 or more youth together. I am more dis­ Hyman G. Rickover and the Pentagon, OF OKLAHOMA turbed that President Nixon would resort Rickover is leading six-love, six-love. to blackmail instead of reconSidering his Now, in a display of utter careless­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hasty decision to axe the program. I wish he ness, the Pentagon has lobbed the ball Wednesday, June 11, 1969 had spent as much time reading reports on the treatment these kids are subjected to back into Rickover's half of the court, Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, the Daily before we pick them up off the street and this time in terms of an experimental Oklahoman, largest daily newspaper ln give them a chance at the Job Corps," Clay "peer rating system" for in-house DOD my State, is issuing a series of editorials contended. laboratories, designed to refiect the im­ suggesting that a reappraisal of our CHALLENGES NIXON age or reputation of these laboratories naval armament is urgently needed. The He challenged the Nixon administration as seen both in and out of Government. article that follows, which appeared May to reveal the files and to compare the figures Fortunately, the venerable admiral with incidents of drug uses, rape, homo­ 25, is especially thought provoking, and did find some humor in this effort, and I enter its text in full herewith: sexuality and extortion on the campuses of slammed the ball back in his usual cryp­ American high schools and colleges. He said tic fashion. His reply, which fortunately A BRITISH NIGHTMARE that when scandals occur concerning high A London newspaper reports that British class neighborhoods and private schools, no­ an observer from the stands relayed to Naval Intelligence is greatly frightened by body suggests closing down the schools that me, and which obviously will give Rick­ the discovery that Russia has now equipped have these problems. If wholesale closings over the game, is the following: two classes of its destroyers with atomic took place, there would not be much of an ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, headed misslles having a range of 100 mlles. educational system left, said Clay. Washington, D.O., May 9, 1969. It further discloses that Russia is preparing On May 7, Congressman Clay attacked the Mr. E. M. GLASS, to equip destroyers or other ships with atom­ announcement by the Labor Department that Assistant Director (Laboratory Manage­ ic misslles with a range of 300 miles. it was transfering the disbursement respon­ ment), Office of the Director, Defense To make matters worse, they have dis­ sibilities for the Neighborhood Youth Corps Research and Engineering, The Penta­ covered that Russia is putting up satellites funds to the State Employment Security gon, Washington, D.C. and using spy planes to locate ships at con­ Services. He said there was no concrete basis DEAR MR. GLAss: This is in reply to your siderable distances. The exact location of the for the transfer. In addition, it would cost form letter, unsigned, of 27 March 1969. ship, whether British or American, can be 15470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 relayed to Russian destroyers which could must continue to build and improve, not past quarter century, and to recall the come within 30 or 40 miles and remain hid­ just to keep up, but in order to survive. den by the curvature of the earth and at influence of a powerful editorial voice the same time pour misslles into an aircraft I feel this article demonstrates that which concerned itself with all the prob­ carrier, destroyer, a submarine or any other the concerned citizens of rural and small lems that inevitably accompany such ship. town America are not only aware of their growth and progress. British or American destroyers have small current problems, but are actively start­ Mr. Edward M. Pooley, editor of the El caliber guns, limited to a range of a few ing to find workable answers. I submit Paso Herald-Post for 26 eventful years, miles, and would be helpless 1f attacked by Mr. Lee's editorial in the Smith County died in his El Paso home on June 4, at Russian destroyers with long range missiles. Pioneer for inclusion in the CoNGRES­ the age of 71. Mr. Pooley had first become In a recent editorial, we pointed out that Russia has 25 surface to surface missile SIONAL RECORD: acquainted with our border city as a ships and the United States has none. It is WHEN DOES THE EXODUS END? young tlier with the Army Air Corps, unlikely that Britain has any missile­ Rural people keep moving to cities and as patroling the Mexican border in the equipped surface ships. a result rural communities are showing lower Pancho Villa era. It would appear that American or British population figures every year. After beginning a newspaper career naval ships could be destroyed by mlsslle­ This isn't anything new. The reverse in in Houston, he came to El Paso to edit carrying Russian ships without ever coming growing population in this county started in within range of the guns of American or about 1908 and the population has declined the El Paso Herald-Post February British warships. almost every year since then from over 16,000 1937 and continued in that position un­ There no longer is any doubt that Russia people to just over 7,000. til m health brought about h1s retirement is rapidly building up Its war power to de­ Here are the census figures for Smith in February 1963. During those 26 years, stroy the only capitalistic country capable county since 1870: 1870, 66; 1880, 13,883; he made the El Paso Herald-Post the of opposing Soviet milltary might. 1890, 15,613; 1900, 16,384; 1910, 15,365, 1920, voice of the people. If asked what peo­ The United States is threatened with the 14,985; 1930, 13,545; 1940, 10,582; 1950, 8,846; ple he was speaking for, Ed Pooley would greatest disaster that could happen to any 1960, 7,776, and now 7,240. country, namely, its capture by an over­ The trend is going to continue in many been likely to answer "Juan Smith." It whelming enemy force and the establish­ rural communities and in cities such as we was a name he loved to use to repre­ ment of a Communist government under have in this county unless the people do sent the bilingual citizenry of our com­ Russian dictatorship. something about it. It isn't just a matter of munity. Congress is complacently discussing civil going out and hustling for industry; it's also A vigorous and able writer, he cru­ rights, welfare payments, campus riots, a matter of keeping up and building schools, saded for the causes in which he believed, withdrawal of troops in Vietnam and reduc­ hospitals, disposal plants, churches, housing, and just as vigorously against those per­ tion in the mllltary budget. places of recreation, etc. You don't get per­ sons and organizations he deemed to be Last Thursday, the Washington Post pub­ sonnel for industry, teachers, doctors, etc. to lished a story that the Pentagon is secretly want to move into your community unless opposing the public good. There were proposing to scuttle 10 of our 41 Polaris you have the proper facilities because, today, those who said his mission was, to use an missile submarines to save money. those porfessional people can be pretty choosy old newspaper phrase, "to comfort the If you, as a citizen, are concerned about and I'm sure most of the rest of us would afilicted and afflict the comfortable." In- . this, you can do something about it. Write too, if we were in their shoes. deed, there were many comfortable peo­ a letter to any congressman or senator whose Some men were talking about the difference ple who felt the sting of his words, and name you know, no matter what state he of two small cities, once of about the same many afflicted people who felt the com­ represents. Write to Melvin R. Laird, Secre­ size. "What caused the difference that exists tary of Defense at the Pentagon in Wash­ today?" one asked. forting influence of his support. ington or even write to President Nixon. Another replied, "In --, they started vot­ Editor Ed Pooley will be remembered The first and most important duty of any ing against things." for his vigorous condemnation of those government is to protect the lives, the Today one has higher taxes than the other he believed to be in wrong, but he will safety and the freedom of its citizens. but there is much difference between the be remembered too, and with great af­ cities and their facilities. fection, for his crusades for the benefit Cities and communities have to continue of the unfortunate. His was a voice for to build and improve just to hold their own. If they're lucky, someone may come along better housing, better living conditions, WHEN DOES THE EXODUS END? who likes the town and locate there. If they're better wages and a higher standard of ambitious and progressive they may help living, for better relations among the someone locate there. people of the two nations that share our But we think this exodus is going to end. border. HON. KEITH G. SEBELIUS For one thing the.re are people who moved to OF KANSAS Under the editorship of his successor, large cities for jobs. Now with riots, race Mr. Robert W. Lee, the El Paso Herald­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES troubles and law enforcement problems, in many cases they are asking 1! there isn't Post preserves the motto which he orig­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 something they can do in the rural com­ inated, "The newspaper that serves its Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, every munity where they were reared. readers." It will carry forward a rich day we read 1n the national press about The government is beginning to put pres­ heritage from Editor Ed Pooley for many sure behind efforts to keep people away years to come. the plight of our Nation's cities and, to from the large cities--there are too many be sure, our large metropolitan centers people there now, too many slums, too much do have very severe problems that de­ crime, too much smog, too much pollution. mand priority attention. However, I But to get people to move to your com­ should like to point out that our citizens munity you're going to have to put out BUFFALO CREEK R.AllJROAD TO who live in and enjoy the relaxed atmos­ something. You have to keep your commu• OBSERVE 100TH YEAR phere of small town and rural America nity up to date. The Dead Sea is a good ex­ ample of a place that puts out nothing and also have problems. While it seems as if takes everything that comes its way. HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI virtually everyone has traded in his farm OF NEW YORK work clothes for a coat and tie these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES days, I think it is important that we at Wednesday, June 11, 1969 least take a commonsense look at the TRIBUTE TO EDITOR EDWARD M. plight of the man whose job it is to feed POOLEY Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, is it pos­ America. sible there is a railroad that even many Mr. Speaker, two well-known news­ of the residents of its hometown know paper publishers in Smith Center, Kans., HON. RICHARD WHITE little about? Harold Beason and W. E. "Bill" Lee, are OF TEXAS Yes, that 1s possible--even though the well acquainted with this problem, espe­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Buffalo Creek Railroad will mark its cially how the migration of citizens from centennial next week. Mayor Frank A. our rural areas has affected their com­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 Sedita has called for a weeklong civic munity of Smith Center. Just this past Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, the people observance. week Bill Lee wrote an editorial which I of my home city, El Paso, Tex., and the The Buffalo Creek Railroad carries no am sure sums up the situation through­ surrounding area, have had occasion in passengers. That really 1s not very out rural America. In effect, here is a the past few days to retlect on the city's unique today because more and more country editor telling his people they tremendous growth and progress in the railroads are trying to get out of the June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15471 passenger business. But the Buffalo "We're very proud o! our association with Further, the records compiled by Johnke Creek never has carried passengers. Buffalo's waterfront and we plan to con­ show, the road should extend such facilities, It is a terminal switching road, incor­ tinue to render the same type service as in service and rates "to all companies and in­ in the past and still be on the lookout for any dividuals desiring the same." Belief is that porated 1869, and operates entirely improvement that Inight develop," said the plan was entirely novel at the time and within the city limits of my home city Johnke. the Buffalo Creek is listed as the first ter­ of Buffalo, N.Y. Latest statistics prepared by Johnke show minal switching road of its kind built in this It runs over a distance of only 5.66 that the Buffalo Creek, wholly within the country. miles, with its track totaling 34.2 miles, city liinits, is only 5.66 Iniles long. Its total Johnke said this condition has always been counting certain double track and trackage stretches out to 34.23 Iniles and faithfully observed. The result is that ship­ branch lines. little of it ever stands idle during operations pers located on the road have been in pre­ As a terminal railroad, Buffalo Creek that carry on 24 hours a day, seven days a cisely the same position with respect to week. choice of routes for their shipments as handles railroad cars from all railroads Freight from all over the country must though they had private track connections entering Buffalo and shuttles them back pass over the tiny railroad to reach industrial with each railroad entering Buffalo. and forth to our major industries. As an plants such as General Mills, Pillsbury Co., "The locations on our railroad," Johnke example of the volume of traffic in­ Agway Inc., Allied Chemical Co., Mobil Oil, said, "have been highly preferred over the volved, the railroad's seven diesel en­ and the Niagara Frontier Port Authority years, especially by those desiring both lake gines shuttled 385,000 railroad cars in complex on Fuhrmann Blvd., among others. and rail facilities. its yards during 1968. Last year, for example, the railroad's loaded "Over the years, there has been extensive revenue cars totaled 136,500. Over its strate­ development of waterfront property along our Nearly 85 percent of all :flour leaving gically-located trackage service, a total of line. A significant factor in this respect is Buffalo via rail or water travels first over 385,000 cars were handled. There is no letup that the greater part of those sections of the the Buffalo Creek. in service from the seven diesel electric harbor devQted to generaJ. lake and rail com­ It is a pleasure to join Buffalo busi­ switching engines because of the huge output merce, is mostly dependent upon the Buffalo nessmen in honoring the Buffalo Creek of the plants it serves and limited yard fa­ Creek Railroad for ingress and egress by rail." Railroad, its management and staff, on cilities. The two-man executive committee con­ its 100th anniversary. There are some Cars must be moved quickly in and out of trolllng the Buffalo Creek is made up of two 140 employees. the railroad system as the Buffalo Creek former Buffalonians. connects with all major railroads serving They are John F. Nash, president and gen­ The pioneering feature of the Buffalo the city and has indirect conections with the eral manager of the Lehigh Valley at Beth­ Creek is re:tlected in the following ex­ Chesapeake & Ohio and Canadian National. lehem, Pa., and Gregory W. Maxwell, presi­ cerpt from an article appearing in the The Buffalo Creek, owned jointly by the dent of the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad at December 15, 1907 edition of the now­ Lehigh Valley and Erie-Lackawanna, starts Cleveland. Nash years ago was a trainmaster defunct Buffalo, N.Y., Times: at the Howard St. connection with the New for the old New York Central and Maxwell York Central and swings in a horseshoe to was the Central division superintendent. This was the :first terminal railroad ever the General Mills plant at Ganson St. and Both started their rise up the ladder in built in this country, and, it is believed, the S. Michigan Ave. other trackage to serve Buffalo. :first in any country. It was organized in Mobil and Allied Chemical is located in an 1868 by some of Buffalo's leading men, and abandoned section of Prenatt St. although organized under the general rail­ The railroad has been fully diesellzed since road laws of the state, it was built and in­ WRIGHT PATMAN, CHAffiMAN, 1948 when its nine steam engines were re­ HOUSE BANKING AND CURRENCY corporated under a special grant by the tired. Rail crews work three shifts daily, with CO~TTEE, ANNOUNCES HEAR­ Common Council of the city. It is, therefore, the busiest hours from 4 p.m. to Inidnight not only a monument to the foresight and when mills curtail production and the prod­ INGS ON RECENT RISE OF BANK ingenuity of citizens of Buffalo, but in a large ucts must be moved to one of the connec­ PRIME RATE TO ALL-TIME IDGH measure a creation of the city itself. tions so new cars can be brought in. The grant referred to requires the road The Buffalo Creek has no freight houses be­ to extend equal facilities and rates to all cause it delivers directly to the plants. It has HON. WRIGHT PATMAN shippertl. This requirement has been made no car shops or passenger stations. Diesel re­ OF TEXAS the basic principle of the road's operation, pairs, when necessary, are carried out at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not only as a matter of good faith in observ­ Hornell. ing the conditions of the grant, but as rep­ It stlll has in service a good percentage of Wednesday, June 11, 1969 resenting the only correct policy for the road the boxcars purchased in the years from Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, the com­ itself. 1952 to 1956. Its heavily-traveled roadbed is Under its application shippers are given ab­ maintained to handle the weight of long mercial banks in the United States have solute equality of treatment so that the strings of cars. increased the prime borrowing rate to an shipper of an occasional car receives atten­ There were times in the late 1950s when all-time high of 8¥2 percent. Interest tion in his tum and is given the same facili­ the railroad with employment now of 140 rates in general are at the highest level ties as to service and rates as are given the and an annual payroll in excess of $1 mil­ this country has ever known. The pros­ largest concerns, some of which ship a hun­ lion, encountered difficult times. One came perity this economy has known for at dred or more cars per day. when the opening of the St. Lawrence Sea­ least the last decade cannot continue un­ In brief, there has been maintained on the way caused Buffalo's grain trade to shrink der the high interest rate structure such Buffalo Creek Railroad for years the ideal to a third of its once normal pace. conditions as to equality of rates and service This was overcome when the Port Au­ as we have today. for all shippers which the public has de­ thority leased a large portion of its complex Mr. Speaker, as chairman of your Com­ manded from the common carriers in general to the A&P Co. The business generated from mittee on Banking and Currency, I have and which Congress and the State Legislature these shipments returned the railroad's op­ announced hearings on this subject of have long been trying to enforce. erations to near normal. the recent prime rate increase. A copy Records show the road was completed as a Mr. Speaker, a financial writer on the of my release on this matter follows: single track line and opened for traffic in PRESS RELEASE OF CONGRESSMAN Buffalo, N.Y. Courier-Express recently 1871. It has since kept pace, in its provision recounted the interesting story of the of track facilities, with traffic demands, and WRIGHT PATMAN Buffalo Creek, as follows: is now double-tracked for its whole length, WASHINGTON, D.C., June 11.--chairman Wright Patman announced today that the "Ll'ITLE GIANT" NoTING 100TH ANNIVERSARY except the Prenatt St. branch in South Buffalo. Banking and Currency Cominittee will open (By Francis J. O'Connell) Ever on the alert for new business, the an investigation into the prime rate increase The Buffalo Creek Railroad, commonly re­ railroad built, in 1882-1885, an extension of on Thursday afternoon, June 19. ferred to as the the "little giant" of the Queen the Blackwell Canal, now the City Ship Mr. Patman said that major Administra­ City's rail center, this year is observing its Canal, through its property to the border of tion officials as well as some of the nation's 100th anniversary of service as a terminal the Lehigh Valley's Tifft Farm property. The leading banks will be called to testify in the switching road. Lehigh then extended the property and the hearing. The hearing will begin at 2 p.m. Organized in 1868 and incorporated in 1869, combined efforts amounted to 9,000 feet of Thursday, or as soon as the House adjourns the Buffalo Creek, a vital link in the progress waterway, adding largely to the early lake on that date. of Buffalo's waterfront, plans no unusual and rail facilities of the port and to the Secretary of the Treasury David Kennedy ceremony to mark its golden anniversary, volume of its lake and rail traffic. will be the first witness. Other Administra­ according to Supt. Cyril M. Johnke. The design of the road's projectors, and a tion witnesses will include Attorney General Johnke, who has directed operations on the fundamental condition of its construction John Mitchell and Federal Reserve Chairman railroad since 1961, said that sometime in and operation, were that the road should fur­ William McChesney Martin. July, a time will be set aside in which em­ nish equal facillties and impartial service, at Mr. Patman said that officials of Bankers ployees will be given mementoes to commem­ uniform rates, for all shippers on its line to Trust of New York, which initiated the prime orate the occasion. and from railroads entering Buffalo. rate increase on Monday morning, will be CXV--975-Part 12 15472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 requested to appear in the investigation. months' interest to this 16.5 million dollars which I now submit. A third report will Other large banks which followed Bankers we have now repaid." soon be forthcoming: Trust with identical announcements of in­ Representative Edgar Stephens of New terest rate increases will also be called, he Albany, chairman of the House Appropria­ A PRELIMINARY REPORT TO THE NEW YORK said. tions Comm1ttee and a member of the state STATE LEGISLATURE ON THE OPERATIONS OF "The prime rate increase to 8%% has out­ budget commission, said state tax collections THE POWER AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF raged and alarmed the American people and are running 6.1 per cent higher at present NEW YORK has sent a shock wave throughout the econ­ than estimates had been last year. PART n: THE JAMES A. FITZPATRICK PLANT, omy," the Banking and Currency Comm1ttee The increased collections, chiefiy from the MAY 29, 1969 Chairman said. "It is the responsib1llty of state sales tax, indicate a surplus at the end Introduction the Congress to get to the bottom of the rea­ of the fiscal year June 30 of "between 15 and The Power Authority of the State of New sons behind this latest increase and to deter­ 16 million dollars, at the miru.mum," he said. York (PASNY}-the pioneer agency in the mine what can be done to prevent further State Auditor W. Ramp King said Friday development of public power in this country, increases and to roll back the high level of "estimates of future revenue is a little more has entered into a strange and highly un­ interest rates. The investigation should also hazardous than has often been the ca.se in usual agreement with the private power in­ determine whether any new laws are needed recent years. But it seeins reasonably certain terests in New York. There is substantial to control this situation." that the end of this fiscal year will find an evidence that the effect--and perhaps the Mr. Patman said his office has received a unencumbered balance in the general fund purpose-of this arrangement will be to large number of telegrams, letters, and tele­ large enough to operate that portion out of strengthen the private power monopoly in phone calls from people all over the country, the state's business financed through the the growing nuclear power market in New including a number of businessmen con­ general fund for at least one month. York and undermine efforts to develop a low­ cerned about the impact of the prime rate " Compared to the reserves of several other cost public power resource to fight rising increase. states, this isn't a very plump cushion to consumer electric bills. "It is obvious that the American people begin the year with, but it's a good bit better The agreement, first exposed this past expect their elected representatives to take than our beginning balances in 1964 and January as a result of the investigative re­ action immediately on this most serious eco­ 1965," he said. porting of Alan Emory in the Watertown, nomic problem," he said. "This concern is The prospects of a surplus enhanced New York, Daily Times, calls !or PASNY to shared by both Democrats and Republicans." chances of two moderately costly iteins fac­ join with the State's second largest private Mr. Patman- said the investigation will ing a special session of the state legiSlature utility, Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation continue on Friday and Saturday, June 20 next month, but not all debate on the two in the construction and operation of a 885- and 21, and on Monday, June 23, if necessary. is expected to be financial. megawatt nuclear power plant on Lake On­ An estimated five million dollars will be tario near Oswego, New York. asked when the legislature reconvenes July 22 to fund the state's entry into Medicaid, Such an arrangement between a public the expanded federal Social Security program. agency and a private utility is entirely with­ STATE FINANCES IN MISSISSIPPI out precedent in the important and growing The funds represent the state's share of a nuclear power field. But this is by no means 40-mlllion-dollar-plus expansion of Social the most remarkable aspect of the arrange­ Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY Security for more than 200,000 persons in the state. ment. Its most striking feature is its terins. OF MISSISSIPPI Under the present proposal, the entire cost At least three million dollars-and possibly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the project--an investment of $222 mil­ as much as 4.2 millions-will be asked to lion- will be borne by PASNY. Niagara Mo­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 finance the state's educational television sys­ hawk's only contribution will be to operate tem, which was left unfunded at the end of Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, the facility. last year's regular session. Even better from Niagara Mohawk's point since many States and the Federal Gov­ The ETV authority has been kept intact of view, the plant is to be located in the ernment appear to be having trouble through emergency reserves, grants and heart of Niagara's Mohawk's service area, with their finances, I think the follow­ loans, however, and is virtually ready to begin 3,002 feet from a soon-to-be-completed Ni­ ing article on how my home State of broadcasting when funds are appropriated agara Mohawk plant on a 702-acre plot Mississippi solved her problem in this for its operation. PASNY has acquired from Niagara Mohawk. The legislature wlll also be asked to ap­ The only way that power from the plant area would be of interest to my col­ prove 1.6 million dollars already spent by the leagues. The article is taken from the can be transmitted is through two 345 KV state Building Commission for the Robert lines owned by Niagara Mohawk. June 7 issue of the Commercial Appeal, E. Lee Hotel and other properties in Jackson. As a tasty side dish to this strange arrange­ which is published in Memphis, Tenn. The state auditor's report Frid·ay showed ment, PASNY has elected not to seek out The article in its entirety reads as general fund receipts through the end of May the very best in modern technological de­ follows: were nearly 80 million dollars higher than the velopment by acquiring the plant through 207 millions collected in the same period CHEERY MISSISSIPPI PAYS ITSELF BACK last fiscal year. open competitive bidding. Instead, the pub­ JACKSON, MISS ., June 6.-The state repaid lic power agency has quietly taken over a The income tax has produced nearly 50 2-year-old nuclear "white elephant" which 11 million dollars to its special funds Friday million dollars by the end of May, almost to wipe out the debt incurred last fall, when Niagara Mohawk had contracted for Easton, twice the amount received last year. Sales New York, on the Hudson River. When en­ money was transferred into the general fund tax collections were up by 40 million dollars to meet current expenses. gineering probleins forced Niagara Mohawk to more than 123 millions. to abandon the Easton project, the company The state's fiscal picture has "turned Both the state income tax and the sales around" since the uncertainty of six months was left with about $40 million in commit­ tax were increased last year to help finance ments with General Electric Company for nu­ ago, according to fiscal leaders, with pros­ increased spending for public schools, chiefiy pects now for a 15 to 16 million dollars sur­ clear components and other equipment, in salary increases for teachers of $1 ,000 per which PASNY has now obligingly assumed. plus "as a minimum" at the end of this year or more. month, which marks the end of the current As new details regarding the joint venture fiscal year. are exposed, it becomes increasingly clear Last fall the state "borrowed" 16.5 million that PASNY's involvement with the private dollars from several reserved funds for gen­ utiUty interests have become so deep and so eral fund use. Part of the money-5.5 million A REPORT ON THE OPERATIONS OF clouded as to jeopardize the very concept of dollars-was repaid last month, and the state THE POWER AUTHORITY OF THE public power itself. bond commission announced Friday the re­ STATE OF NEW YORK The broader implications of this arrange­ maining 11 million dollars had been replaced. ment between a public power agency and a The commission includes Gov. John Bell private power utility are quite serious and Williams, Atty. Gen. A. F. Summer and Miss HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER the public interest demands not only that Evelyn Gandy, state treasurer. OF NEW YORK this particular agreement be fully aired but that the basic questions of the purpose of Miss Gandy said the commission approved IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES repayment of five million dollars each to the public power and the responsibility of a pub­ state aid road construction fund and the Tuesday, June 10, 1969 lic power agency be thoroughly reviewed and clarified. state Highway Department, and one million Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, earlier dollars to the public school building fund, The plant in its Friday meeting. I entered in the RECORD a preliminary In December, 1968, PASNY acquired the "We're thankful the funds are such now analysis of the proposal by the Power site for its proposed plant from Niagara that this money can be fully repaid,'' Miss Authority of New York State to enter Mohawk Power Corporation. For $805,000-­ Gandy said. "And we can be thankful for the into a highly unusual arrangement with an amount variously described as a "trans­ state law which permits these funds to be New York State's second largest private fer," 1 "actually somewhat less than its cost transferred without interest when we need utility, Niagara Mohawk. I have recently it. Otherwise we'd be adding about six completed a more detailed analysis Footnotes at end of article. June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15473 to Niagara Mohawk" 2 and "the cost of the done, that "the Authority will own the land, Niagara Mohawk service area and was parcel to Niagara Mohawk" s_PASNY ac­ build the plant, market the power and dis­ evaluated and purchased on the basis of quired 702 acres or slightly less than one-half patch it to Authority customers." a These are eventually accommodating ·several large nu­ of the Niagara Mohawk holdings at Nine Mile extraneous issues. clear or conventional power units." (Em· Point along Lake Ontario approximately The really important questions are what phasis supplied.) 12 seven miles northeast of Oswego, New York. the plant contributes to the system in terms In summer of 1968, then, Niagara Mohawk On the parcel Niagara Mohawk is retaining, of such factors as re.serve to meet forced out­ found itself in a very fortunate position. Al­ the Company is now completing a 745 Mega­ ages and what benefits it derives from the though it had been forced to abandon its watt nuclear power facility referred to as system in return. What customers will get the proposed nuclear plant at Easton, New York, Nine Mile Point No. 1. It will be only about power and what will be the contractual terms along the Hudson River, the company had six-tenths of a mile east of the proposed for transmission and sale? another site where the plant could be con­ plant. Nor can much comfort be drawn from the structed. To make this even more attractive There are three basic issues involved in assurance that "All power contracts will be there was need for the power and the com­ the purchase of this site: its location, tts subject to public hearing and approval of pany had already done the basic environ­ role in Niagara Mohawk's planning, and its the Governor."s In the first place the issues mental work required by the AEC. Since size (and therefore its cost). are so complex that only the power experts Niagara Mohawk had been planning all along Location: The proposed plant will be in will be able to understand them much less to build a second facility there, transfer of every sense a "captive" of the Niagara Mo­ comment intelligently on contract features the Easton plant to Nine Mile Paint wouldn't hawk system. PASNY asserts that "owner­ and the power experts in this area, as PASNY even have involved radical changes in long ship of the Authority's nuclear plant, its ad­ has noted, all work for the private ut111ties. range planning. ministration, its sale of power ... and dis­ In the second place, the ultimate authority, Instead of this Niagara Mohawk quite sud­ patching of power to customers through its the Governor, is the sa.me Governor who only denly entered into an understanding with separate switchyards will be exclusively the two years ago attempted to persuade the PASNY under "V:"hich the Authority would business of the Authority." • But the fact is legislature to pass legislation barring PASNY purchase the Nine Mile Point site, acquire that the plant is being built in the heart of from getting into the nuclear field at all. Niagara Mohawk's commitments for the Eas­ Niagara Mohawk's territory, 3,002 feet from Instead, the Governor wanted the State ton plant and build the facility next to the Niagara Mohawk's 745 Megawatt nuclear Atomic and Space Development Authority Company's Nine Mile Point plant which is plant, which is now nearing completion, and to join in an $8 million program to help now nearing completion.lll about 150 miles away from the nearest private utlllties develop a monopoly in this Why? PASNY generating facilities. It will be over growing market. If the deal is such a good one for PASNY 25 miles from PASNY's main transmission Actually determining whether the contract why wouldn't it have been just as good for lines and its power will be transmitted by terms are a better deal for PASNY's cus­ Niagara Mohawk? two 345,000 volt transmtssion lines both of tomers or for Niagara Mohawk calls for expert If PASNY can save money and speed up which "will be constructed and owned by analysts of a number of complex factors. its entry into the nuclear market by acquir­ Niagara Mohawk." r; PASNY has been requested to supply this ing the Niagara. Mohawk commitments for One Niagara Mohawk line will take power information, but so far has refused to do the nuclear components, why should Niagara directly from the proposed plant to Niagara so.1o Mohawk take the loss that 1s implied in giv­ Mohawk's DeWitt substation near Syracuse In order to determine· what the benefits are ing u:r, these valuable interests? for switching and transmission. The other to be from this proposed plant and who de­ Why would Niagara Mohawk suddenly will pick up power from the proposed plant rives them, it will be necessary to have spe­ abandon both its long range program for at the switchyard of the Niagara Mohawk cific answers to the following questions: Nine Mile Point and its substantial invest­ Nine Mile Plant. The power will be trans­ 1. What is the megawatt capacity rating ment in engineering and environmental mitted to the Nine Mile Point No. 1 "by means assigned to the fac111ty and the total ca­ planning? of a tie'~ between the switchyards.8 So much pacity of the PASNY system with and with­ Why would Niagara Mohawk give up what for the "separate switchyard"l out the addition of this faclllty. The de­ must be a very promising power market? P ASNY also plans to construct some 90 scription of how capacity is rated should Certainly, if there's a market for PASNY miles of transmission lines apparently to provide answers to the following questions: power, there's a market for Nia.gaga Mo­ carry power only to the new high-load fac­ a. What reserve requirement for force out­ hawk power. In fact since the legislature tor industries that are to be constructed ages is associated with its rating and how prohibited P ASNY from selling nuclear nearby to use power from the proposed was the reserve computed? If a percentage, power to new residential, OOinJ.:aercial and show how the percentage was derived based facility. normal load industries u the market poten­ No matter what "controls" PASNY claims on the risk level for a system, e.g., loss of load tial for Niagara Mohawk should be bigger once in 20 years; loss of capacity once in five over the power, the transmission is under years, for thermal tac111ties in some defined than for PASNY. the control of Niagara Mohawk.7 Whether or planning area. Define the area. Finally, why did Niagara Mohawk give up not this represents a "goOd deal" for PASNY's b. The load curve against which it is rated. the potential profits that could be derived customers and the people of the State of i.e., P ASNY's own loads--adjacent utillty from building the plant itself? Utlllty rates New York depends entirely on the contrac­ loads. are computed on capital investment, so that tual arrangement governing power allocation c. The other projects owned by PASNY Niagara Mohawk has much to gain by build­ and transmission that PASNY is able to work with which it is or can be integrated. ing and owning this new facility. In theory, out with Niagara Mohawk. Theoretically it is d. Other major ·surrounding systems with .on the other hand, the company can only possible for PASNY to work out a good deal, which it can be or is to be coordinated. charge the "true costs" of transmitting but realistically the Authority has no bar­ e. Is the capacl.ty rated at the value of the P ASNY power. g~ning power as things stand now. The only project as isolated or as considered as inte­ This strange generosity of Niagara Mo­ way PASNY can get its product to market is grated with PASNY's existing and proposed hawk can be explained by several hypotheses. over Niagara Mohawk lines. If tt doesn't like hydroelectric facilities? i.e., PASNY Niagara It could be that the abandoned Easton the deal it gets, PASNY's alternatives are to and St. Lawrence and the proposed Blen­ plant--far from being a "plum"-is actually build its own transmission lines or not to heim-Gilboa Project. a "nuclear white elephant" that Niagara Mo­ take the power to market at all, both highly f. Does the rating above differ from a rat­ hawk was delighted to have taken oJ! its unrealistic and uneconomic solutions. ing based on coordinating the fac1llty with hands. Perhaps most significant, PASNY has so far surrounding investor-owned facilities? There is some support for this theory. Dur­ refused to divulge the details of its contrac­ g. Is the construction of this facility in ing the same period of time that Niagara tual arrangements with Niagara Mohawk. It accordance with the planndng of some exist­ Mohawk ran into trouble with the Easton is difficult to believe that the Authority has ing coordinating group. e.g. Empire State plant and entered into its deal with PASNY, gotten as deeply involved as it has in this Utilities Resources Associates (ESUPRA), or I.ong Island Lighting Company was desper­ expensive project without working out such the New York State Power Pool. Who are ately trying to acquire a more economical arrangements. In fact, if PASNY has done the members of the group? What are the 800 megawatt nuclear fac111ty to replace its this, it has given up the one weak bargain­ criteria for entry? Is agreeing to a defined a.bandoned 500 megawatt Shoreham plant. If ing tool it had: the option of not building the market area a oondlition of entry? If the con­ the Easton package is so good, why didn't facility at all if the terms of the arrangement struction is in accordance with a planned LILCO take it up? with Niagara Mohawk were not acceptable. expansion program what period does the pro­ The fact that it would get a two-year head­ Public scrutiny of this project has already gram cover? What other facilities are to be start by doing so would have 'tteen important apparently resulted in some modifications in installed in accordance with the program? to the LILCO, than to PASNY. LILCO had the public interest; full public disclosure of Role in Niagara Mohawk's planning: urgent and pressing customer demands to the terms of the arrangements with Niagara. From the very beginning of its involvement meet, while P ASNY was just dipping its toes Mohawk for transmission allocation, and sale at the Nine Mile Point site, Niagara Mo­ in a new market. of the power from the proposed plant is hawk planned to build not one but several At the same time, Consolidated Edison was essential. nuclear plants on the site.n also in the "panic" market for nuclear com­ It simply is not enough to answer, as The company's intentions were formally mitments. Nonetheless, they did not pick up PASNY Chairman James A. FitzPatrick has spelled out in its Final Safety Analysis Re­ this "valuable" lead time. port to the AEC on 1ts Nine Mile Point Nu­ In fact, Niagara Hohawk itsel:C was in some­ Footnotes at end of article. clear Statton. "(The site) is within the thing of a panic market and finally joined 15474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 with Con Ed and Central Hudson in a joint PASNY has acquired 702 acres for a single These are the serious questions of pro­ venture at Roseton. generating plant with a normal operating priety raised by having a public power facU­ I! the Easton plant represented a good capacity of 845 megawatts (as against its lty-and a "captive" one at that--operated deal why did none of these companies take stretch capacity of 885 megawatts). This by employees of a private utllity. PASNY of­ it up? Why did it go to PASNY, instead, works out to 1.20 megawatts per acre, or ficials have repeatedly tried to justify this which, as a public agency theoretically more than one-third more generous than the situation by claiming that use of Niagara Mo­ shouldn't pay a premium for the engineer­ Duke site. hawk's "highly skilled and AEC approved ing headstart and the lead time since it was By contrast, three nuclear generating personnel" 17 "offers the best opportuniLy for not meeting a specific demand? plants of the Consolidated Edison Company operating the Authority's plant in the safest, Mor~ support of this "white elephant" of New York located in the densely populated most efficient and economical manner." theory can be found in a footnote i::::t a report suburban Westchester area will offer 2103 PASNY asserts that "trained nuclear experts prepared by S. M. Stoller, Inc., a Manhattan megawatts on 235 acres, approximately 8.9 are in very short supply" 18 and claims that consulting firm that worked on the plant for megawatts per acre or seven times more eco­ building up a PASNY staff would be costly, Niagara Mohawk and was retained by PASNY nomical than PASNY. time-consuming and difficult. It is asserted to evaluate whether it would be a good deal Actually, a megawatts-per-acre figure is that this type of operation is made possible for the authority. The report stated: "The useful only to highlight the disparity in size by the fact that the plants are so close to­ AEC staff in this initial review of the Easton of the site and is not used by the AEC. The gether, separated by only 3,002 feet. plant PSAR (Preliminary Safety Analysis Re­ real significance of the size of a site is safety Obviously these claims are only valid if port) indicated some areas lacking informa­ and two key factors in the AEC determina­ it is, in fact, possible to operate both the tion in sufficient depth to permit an adequate tion of how big a site should be are the proposed plant and Niagara Mohawk's facil­ evaluation in accordance with the above cri­ density of population in the surrounding ity with the same personnel. teria. The nature of their questions suggests area and the size of the nuclear components. AEC licensing standards for the operation that they have some reservations in the area The denser the population and the larger of a large nuclear plant call for five person­ of plant design features, design methods, and the nuclear load, the larger the "area of ex­ nel to be on duty at all times. Of these, quality assurance, with the resolution of clusivity," or site, should be. three must be AEC approved. Regardless of some items probably not until the design By this standard the generosity of PASNY's how close the plants are together, the AEC state. Satisfying AEC requirements will likely purchase is even more remarkable. The con would require that both have this full com­ require additional engineering evaluations Edison site is about one-third as large as plement of personnel-unless they share a and/or extended equipment capability or the PASNY site and its nuclear capacity is common or "dual" control fac111ty. additional safeguard systems." u almost two and one-half times greater. Yet There is no mention in any of PASNY's This "white elephant" hypothesis goes a the population density around the Con Edi­ statements of plans to have such a dual con­ long way toward explaining some of the son plants is dramatically greater. Within trol facility.18 In fact, the Authority has puzzling aspects of the arrangement. one mile of the proposed PASNY facility stressed the independent operation in de­ O.a the other side of the coin, why would there are no people. Within one mile of the fending against charges that the plant is a PASNY commit itself to such a major plant Con Edison plant there are 1080 people. captive of the Niagara Mohawk system. investment in a location where it will clearly Within five miles, the PASNY figure grows Furthermore, PASNY's argument would not be a "captive" of a private utility, and more to 1,977 as against 53,400 for Con Edison. At be valid even if there were dual control facil­ particularly a private utility which has a ten miles, the respective figures are 32,272 ities for both plants. long record of opposition to development for PASNY and 155,510 for Con Edison. As of now there are no AEC licensed nu­ and expansion of low-cost public power? Another criteria used by the AEC is the clear plants with dual control rooms but the In authorizin~ PASNY to get into the distance of the facUlty from a population concept has been under consideration by sev­ nuclear market, the Legislature set as one center (a community where the population eral utlllties and the AEC has prepared li­ of its aims firming up the generating capac­ exceeds 25,000). The proposed PASNY facil­ censing standards. Under these standards, ity of its Niagara Falls and its St. Lawrence ity will be 7 miles from a population center. the AEC would require a total of eight and, hydroelectric projects. Yet the proposed Con Edison's much larger nuclear capacity perhaps, nine operators to be on duty in the plant is located well over 150 miles from is .63 mile from the nearest population cen­ control room at all times. Five of these must both projects. ter. be AEC approved.20 Another of the Legislature's three aims A third AEC criteria is the extent of the For a normal three shift operation, there­ was "to supply the future needs of the Au­ "exclusion distance," that is, the distance fore, it would be necessary for Niagara Mo­ thorities existing municipal electric and from the plant to the boundary of the site. hawk to hire a total of 12 additional em­ rural electric cooperative customers." This For P ASNY the exclusion distance ranges ployees, six of whom must be licensed by the goal the proposed plant is perfectly located from one mile on the west to a mile and one AEC. Why is it easier for Niagara Mohawk to not to achieve. Only two of PASNY's 42 half to the south. (It is only 3,000 feet on find the additional operating personnel than municipal and rural electric customers are the east where the property abuts the site it is for PASNY? within a radius of 50 miles of the plant and of Niagara Mohawk's Nine Mile Point plant, P ASNY claims that the use of Niagara less than half within 100 miles. The only but of course the exclusion area for that Mohawk personnel will result in savings of access to any of these customers is through plant adds more than a mile of protection.) "at least $300,000 yearly." 21. It would be en­ Niagara Mohawk's transmission lines. (On Con Edison's exclusion distance is only llghtening to know where these savings oc­ the plus side, from Niagara Mohawk's point .22 mile! cur. The personnel will have to be doubled of view, is the fact that PASNY is forbidden In an effort to "clarify the matter of the for separate control rooms and very nearly to supply new customers. This means that land area," S. M. Stoller asserts: doubled for dual control rooms and PASNY the proposed plant will not compete with the The criteria used by the AEC to evaluate claims that "it has been agreed that Niagara Niagara Mohawk system and the company is nuclear power plant sites does not specify Mohawk will be paid for the use of its per­ not in danger of losing any of its markets to explicitly the amount of land required to be sonnel on a reimbursement of cost basis." 22 PASNY). owned by the utility. There is a relationship Either Niagara Mohawk already has the The final aim was to supply power to high in these criteria between the exclusion area excess personnel-a fact which should be of load factor industry. Several new high load ava.llable and the design as regards engi­ some concern to their stockholders and rate­ factor industries are to be constructed in the neered safeguards, and other fea.tures. payers-or the private utility is going to have area to purchase power from the proposed Clearly, a large exclusion area is a good thing to assume the training burden to supply ad­ plant, but there is no indication that there in the eyes of the AEC, and it may bring cost ditional personnel needed for the dual oper­ is any existing demand. advantages to the project; therefore, the util­ ation of the PASNY plant--a fact that should Clearly there must be reasons for PASNY's ity usually tries to purchase as much land as be of at least equal concern to Niagara choice of this location that have not been is rea.sona.bly availa.ble.1a Mohawk's stockholders and ratepay~rs. made apparent. Since the AEC's actual standards for ap­ One further point deserves comment. Size: By any standard, the 702 acres that proved fa.cilities are obviously exceeded many PASNY has switched signals in its Annual PASNY acquired for its plant is over­ times at the PASNY site, it would be inform­ Report and indicated a desire to keep its op­ generous. ative to find out specifically what "cost ad­ tions open for the future so that it can take vantages" the size may bring to the project over operations at "such time as it is in the The largest site ever approved by the AEC Authority's best interest to assume those is the 1,500 acre site for the Duke Power and whalt design features they cover. Company nuclear complex on Lake Oconee Clearly, unless the AEC is playing nuclear functions with its own personnel." 23 This in South Carolina where there are three Russian Roulette with the people of West­ poses an interesting problem. If the plant is nuclear generating plants with a total ca­ chester, PASNY has bought many times more constructed now to be operated with "a dual control room," substantial redesign will be pacity of 2,445 megawatts. For comparison land tha.n lt needs." necessary to separate the functions in the purposes, this works out to 1.63 megawatts Benefits and savings per acre. It should be noted that the AEC In future. If this is the aim it would be inter­ no way required such a large site. This was Personnel: One of PASNY's major justi­ esting to know what plans have been made merely the size of the company's holdings fications for its highly unusual agreement in this regard and what the cost of shifting around the Lake. with Niagara Mohawk has been the advan­ back to single control rooms would be. tages it claims will result from the use of Cost: PASNY has claimed a number of Niagara Mohawk personnel for operation and remarkable benefits to be derived from its Footnotes at end of article. maintenance. unusual arrangement with Niagara Mohawk, June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15475 but none is as remarkable, or as difficult to mitted to pay. Since neither Stoller nor acquired about 1,500 acres of land along pin down as the purported savings. FitzPatrick give the actual cost, it is im­ almost two miles of shoreline." Niagara In the joint application filed · by PASNY possible to estimate what the economic sig­ Mohawk's Speakers Bureau kit released in and Niagara Mohawk for the AEC license for nificance of this increase is, but the question 1964 pointed out proudly that "the site has ihe facility, the total cost of the plant is still remains. Since the price is going to go all the necessary feature3 for a multiple unit set forth as follows: up anyway, why go to the trouble of rede­ station of substantial size . . ." and noted [AEC Docket No. 50-333] signing the turbines? Why not just go out that it is " ... large enough to permit instal­ and order what you need under competitive lation of additional units." Total nuclear production plant bidding.) u U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Docket costs ------$188,000,000 What is significant is not the individual 50-220, Exhibit D-2. Transmission, distribution, and costs but the clear proof from these and 13 That this was a very sudden decision was general plant costs______7,000,000 other items that the Easton plant is not indicated by the fact that the understanding Nuclear fuel inventory costs ideally suited to PASNY's needs and the new was formalified in August, 1968 barely two first core (to be acquired location. It has had to be modified sub­ months after the New York Legislature au­ through purchase)------· 27,000,000 ~tantially. Still unanswered is how much thorized PASNY to build nuclear facilities. have these modifications added to the proj­ Furthermore PASNY has repeatedly denied Total estimated costs__ 222, 000,000 ect cost and how much has PASNY tailored any advance knowledge of Niagara Mohawk's According to Chairman FitzPatrick, this its needs to fit the available equipment, plans to abandon the Easton Plant. $222 million figure represents "savings on rather than designing a plant to fit their a New York State Public Authorities Law, construction costs alone" of "at least $15 needs. section 1005. million," 24 because of the two year head­ PASNY officials have shown considerable 15 Report of S. M. Stoller, July 25th 1968, start the Authority will get by picking up sensitivity on this issue, reacting with con­ page 12. In his statement of March 17 (page Niagara Mohawk's commitments with Gen­ siderable heat to questions about individual 8). PASNY's Chairman James FitzPatrick eral Electric. parts of the package acquired from Niagara denies that the Stoller Report contains any What he is saying is that if PASNY ac­ Mohawk. such warning. He asserts that there is only quired this entire package as a new order For example, questioned about a $3,516,000 one warning in the report: that the Author­ for completion in 1975, instead of 1973, as item in the Stoller report described as "Extras ity should hold GE to its commitment and now scheduled, inflation would have in­ Ordered by Niagara Mohawk" and consisting should be aware of the fact that further re­ creased the price by 3.5 per cent per year of "a variety of equipment" (isolated phase view by the AEC was to come. for each of the two additional years. But bus, miscellaneous transformers, main power This is a simple issue of fact subject to to arrive at his $15 million savings, he fig­ transformer, switchgear, miscellaneous verification. The disputed statement can be ures that all of the expenditure takes place motors totaling 22,000 h.p., etc.) not nor­ found on page 12 of the Stoller Report. after 1973 and furthermore that the Au­ mally included by GE in the bid package," There are actually twq warnings in the re­ thority pays it all at once in 1975. He has FitzPatrick replied that the equipment is: port. Mr. FitzPatrick, while acknowledging multiplied the total cost, $222 million, times "Not necessary for the Easton plant but is the second, either misunderstood or misrep­ the annual per cent of inflationary increase necessary for the Authority's plant (at the resented it. 3.5 per cent, and then multiplied the total new location). The Authority has neither He claims that the report "warned that -the times two for the additional two years. purchased or (sic) agreed to purchase, or Authority should hold GE to its commit­ ($222 million x 3.5% =$7.7 million x 2 (sic) paid for, or (sic) agreed to pay for, ment (i.e. to bear the cost of AEC-imposed years = $15.4 million). anything designed or purchased for the changes through 1971) ..." Clearly this would take a masterpiece of Easton plant which will not be used for or What the Stoller report actually says is misplanning. in connection with Authority's plant (at the that "GE will maintain this commitment In fact, by 1973, four years of construction new location)." only through the original contract comple­ work will have been completed. The infla­ A surprisingly ~trong response, which com­ tion date, namely 9 J30 j71." It urges that tionary 3.5 per cent can only be applied to pletely begs the question. PASNY require GE to extend its responsibil­ that portion of the work that is completed The equipment described deals mostly with ity for any changes that the AEC requires after 1973. Obviously the portion would be switching and transmission. It was purchased "until late 1972 or early 1973." This very substantially less than the entire $222 mil­ and apparently designed for a substantially sound recommendation is all the more im­ lion! smaller plant located on a site that can be portant in view of the AEC's clearly expressed The most serious defect in PASNY's sav­ fairly described as unMphisticated. Although reservations. The AEC won't be in a position ings claims for the proposed plant is the the Easton site is surrounded by a number of to evaluate the plant until the later date and total lack of any comparative standard for hydroelectric projects, there is no plant should PASNY fail to get GE to extend its judging and evaluating them. within several miles of the site. At Nine Mile commitment, PASNY will be stuck with the Not only were the components of the plant Point, however, there is already a major nu­ costs of improvements and modifications re­ acquired without competitive bidding-a very clear facility which will be only 3,200 feet quired by the AEC. dubious practice--but in estimating costs from the PASNY plant. The power will be 16 Stoller letter to FitzPatrick, March 14, and savings PASNY compares a guess a.t the transmitted over Niagara Mohawk transmis­ 1968, page 5. cost of these components acquired in 1973 sion lines, switched at Niagara Mohawk sta­ 11 PASNY Annual Report, 1968, page 11. with a guess at what the cost of identical tions. One of the two major tran~mission 1s FitzPatrick, speech, January 28, 1969, equipment would be if it were acquired in lines will actually run from the Niagara Mo­ page 7. 1975. hawk plant itself. 19 PASNY Annual Report, 1968, page 12. This assumes a lot of things without pro­ Perhaps PASNY will indeed use this $3.5 PASNY's annual report stresses "all of the viding any criteria for evaluating them. million worth of equipment but does it have main power producing systems of the Au­ It assumes that the Easton plant was just to use it? Would other equipment have thority's plant are independent of the exist­ what the PASNY needed. In fact, the record served better? Will Niagara Mohawk rely on ing Nine Mile Plant of Niagara Mohawk but shows that it was not. Even in the· early PASNY-owned switching and transmi~ion provisions have been made to contract for use stages, major changes were required. The gear that it would normally have installed of special facilities such as the main radio­ Easton plant was rated at 600 megawatts; in at Nine Mile Point itself? These are ex­ active laboratory, the radioactive laundry and the proposed facility, this has been in­ tremely relevant questions that deserve spe­ the over-all site radioactivity monitoring creased by more than one-third to 845 mega­ cific answers. facilities." watts-a very substantial change. Appar­ FOOTNOTES 2o AEC letter to Richard L. Ottinger, April ently associated with this change is "the 1 James A. FitzPatrick, speech, January 28, addition of 12 new fuel assemblies to in­ 22, 1969. 1968. 21 Wm. S. Chapin memorandum, March 13, crease the plant rating from the original 2 FitzPatrick, statement, March 17, 1969. 1968, pages 11 and 12. 2,381 to 2,436 Mwth" at a cost of $434,000.2S 3 PASNY Annual RepL:·t, 1968, page 7. 22 The turbine generators have been radically FitzPatrick letter to Richard L. Ottinger, ' op. cit., 1968, page 11. February 21, 1969, page 5. redesigned at a cost of "$90,000 'cancellation 5 op. cit., page 21. charges' " and "about $4,000,000 additional" 6 op. cit., page 20. 23 PASNY Annual Report, 1968, page 11. for design changes.26 1 See; Personnel, page 11. u Fitzpatrick, speech, January 28, 1969. (This item is particularly puzzling since, 8 FitzPatrick, statement, March 17, 1969, FitzPatrick, statement, March 17, 1969: "I as the Stoller report notes, the turbines are page 7. explained to the audience that this overall purchased at the "price in effect" at the time 9 lbid. savings could be estimated on the sole basis of delivery and have already escalated by 1o Richard L. ottinger, letter, February 19, of costs escalating at the rate of 3%% per about $3,600,000. Stoller concedes that the 1969. year on $220 million rounded out over the Niagara Mohawk commitments for the tur­ u In a 1963 speech in Buffalo, Niagara Mo­ two years that would be gained by reason ot rines "have no real economic meaning." zr hawk engineer, G. K. Rhode said "Anticipat­ the contracts:• Thus it would appear that PASNY is pay­ ing that we may eventually construct sev­ s Stoller Report, page 8. ing a total of $7,690,000 more for the tur­ eral units at this site and taking into ac­ 26 ibid. bines than Niagara Mohawk itself had com- count current nuclear plant siting criteria, :If ibid. 15476 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969

TROOPWTTHDRAW~HOP~Y ing of South Vietnamese, progress in the abrasive gas, and play tunnels covered with THE BEGINNING OF THE END Paris talks, and the level of enemy activity. flammable fabric. In a sense, Ho Chi Minh sttll holds the cards. Yet the law is loosely worded, and the en­ If Ho interprets the U.S. troops' exit as a sign forcement has been spotty. Toymakers are of weakness, and of American weariness with stlll turning out trinklets and trifles that HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE the war, the war oould go on and on. The slash, puncture, burn, shock, choke, maim OF ~ASSACEnJSETTS American people have been told before that and even kill thousands of children each IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the South Vietnamese could assume a larger year. The casualty rate from toys can only burden of the fighting--only to be disillu­ be surmised from the accident statistics. A Wednesday, June 11, 1969 sioned later. staggering 17 mi111on children are injured Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, to those President Nixon stressed that "no action and another 15,000 die from accidents each of us in the Congress who have intro­ will be taken which endangers the attain­ year in America. No doubt a high percentage duced legislation calling for the orderly ment of our objective, the right of self­ of these accidents are caused by faulty play determination for the people of South Vlet­ equipment. It is known, for example, that a withdrawal of American military forces nam." The troop Withdrawal is welcome news; million children are injured annually in bi­ in Vietnam and to all Americans who it should add immeasurably to the Nixon cycle accidents alone. Another 500,000 are have long been advocating such with­ popularity. But the war goes on. Wlll Ho now hurt on sWings, 200,000 on slides, 100,000 on drawal, the President's very recent an­ promise to Withdraw 25,000 of his troops from tricycles and 50,000 on seesaws. nouncement on this subject has brought South Vietnam? That may be the key ques­ Bl'l"rER mONY tion. a modest and moderate sense of gratifi­ America's toy industry does a whopping cation. $3 billion business a year. The bitter irony Most of us well realize the tremendous is that products intended to bring pleasure complexities involved in this vitally im­ TOYS THAT CAN CRIPPLE AND to the short-pants and pigtail set so often portant matter, and none of us expect an EVEN KILL bring pain instead. Not all dangerous toys, overnight miracle accomplishment. of court;e, are made in the U.S.A. Many are However, we do very strongly hold to the imported from Japan and Germany. Some of the worst are shipped to this country !rom conviction from experience that without HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Hong Kong. a beginning, there is no ending. We com­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Ultimately, however, these toys make their mend the President's first step action and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way to downtown department stores and appreciating the immense burdens of his neighborhood shopping centers across the office, we pray that the Almighty will ex­ Tuesday, June 10, 1969 country. A PARADE survey found toy tend His wisdom and guidance to the Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I would counters stacked With merchandise that has President in speeding a peaceful settle­ been branded unsafe by government wlt­ like to call to the attention of my col­ n~es. These range from a baby crib so badly ment of this agonizing Vietnam war. leagues an article which appeared in the At this point, I am pleased to include designed that it has cost several infant lives Parade magazine this past weekend un­ to a toy oven that heats 200 degrees higher a very timely and thoughtful editorial on der the title, "Toys That Can Cripple and than the average home oven. At one depart­ the subject of troop withdrawal that ap­ Even Kill." The article documents quite ment store, a dangerous crib was far outsell­ peared in the Worcester (Mass.) Tele­ well the case which I and other Mem­ ing a safe crib. Explained the manager With gram newspaper issue of last June 9. The bers have been trying to make in behalf a shrug: "The safe crib is more expensive article follows: of legislation we have sponsored to and can't compete." [From the Worcester Telegram, June 9, 1969] One crib-playpen, called Kiddie Koop, has amend the 1966 Federal Hazardous Sub­ a heavy top to prevent the child from escap­ WITHDRAWING 25,000 TROOPS stances Act so that the Secretary of ing. The lid is held down by plastic t3traps President Nixon's dram.a.tic announcement Department of Health, Education, and which stretch in warm weather. This some­ with President Thieu of South Vietnam at Welfare will have the authority to pre­ times permits the child to squeeze his head Midway Island that 25,000 U.S. troops will be clude dangerously designed toys and between the lid and the ra1Ung. A pastor in Withdrawn from the Vietnam war by the end other articles intended for use by chil­ Wellsville, Ohio, and a policeman in Miami of August came as the Gallup Poll in yester­ complained that their babies were strangled day's Sunday Telegram showed that the dren from the marketplace. in this manner. The Miami coroner reported American people are overwhelmingly in favor Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like to the National Commission on Product of such a. move. to insert the article in the REcORD to­ Safety that he had seen 11 such ca'Ses. When There had been no doubt, anyway, that the gether with the testimony which I gave the president of the company was asked to American people are weary of the war, and a. to the House Interstate and Foreign testify he refused to appear. major reason for Nixon's election was his Commerce, Subcommittee on Commerce Still on the market, too, is the Little Lady promise to move toward peace. The Presi­ and Finance, on the hazardous toy bill: oven, which Sen. Frank Moss (D., Utah) com­ dent's promise in mid-Pacific was a. down TOYS THAT CAN CRIPPLE--AND EvEN KILL plains "reaches higher temperatures than payment on that pledge. does my wife's stove." The commission claims True enough, the troops are being with­ WASHINGTON, D.C.-Th·e nation's toy coun­ it not only heats to the lethal temperature of drawn With the assent of President Thieu, ters gristle With menacing playthings, which 660 degree!:! but it 1s capable of electrocuting who says that he told Nixon that there has may be every bit as lethal as they look. Chil­ a child. been rapid progress in the training of South dren can arm themselves from a chilling The Suzy Homemaker oven, advertised as Vietnamese troops to take over more of the arsenal of make-believe weapons to act out "super-safe" on three sides of its carton, is actual fighting. And, true enough, Gen. the violence they watch on TV. To add to the heated by an electric light bulb. To keep the Creighton W. Abrams, head of the forces in realism, cap pistols have exploded in the price down, the manufacturer lets the pur­ Vietnam, agreed. Secretary of State Rogers eyes of kindergarten Matt Dillons; swift, chaser furnish his own bulb, which must be had strongly indicated that the troop with­ rubber-tipped arrows have impaled moppet­ screwed into a socket that has 'Severely drawal would come when he said last week warriors, the covering has worn off rubber shocked a number of children. Government that the Saigon forces were "moving toward swords, exposing razor-sharp metal -edges investigators charge that one child was killed more of the combat burden." underneath. by sticking his finger in the socket. But the Withdrawal, however welcome to One company produces do-it-yourself all Americans, is obviously a token one that bomb kits, complete With casings, chemicals, ELECTRICAL HAZARDS seems to represent a. compromise With Thieu fuses and instructions on how youngsters A number of electrical toys--plug-in irons, and with the realities of the war situation. can make their own gunpowder. Even the toy toasters, monster-making machines-­ Many had expected that 50,000 would be moot innocent-appearing toys may oontain have turned out to be electrical hazards. For withdrawn. It seems obvious that Thieu rec­ built-in booby traps. A Disney-faced riding instance, a toy corn popper, which must be ognized that he had to go along With Nixon's giraffe kneels over and sends toddlers washed or sponged after using, instantly be­ Withdrawal plan after Secretary Rogers em­ sprawling on their little faces. A cuddly comes a hazard-upon wetting. phasized that the United States was not teddy bear has eye prongs that a baby can Another popular toy, known as Etch-a­ "wedded" to any particular regime in Saigon. pluck out and convert into miniature bayo­ Sketch, provides what appears to be a plas­ Nixon, for his part, faced the bitter reality of nets. Stuffed rabbits and baby rattles can tic surface for chlldren to draw upon. Ac· having Vietnam called "Nixon's war" if he be pulled apart, unsheathing ugly stickpins. tually, this is a highly breakable glass panel, did not do something quickly toward eas­ Complaints from parents moved Congress which has caused some bad cuts. The Minne­ ing it. in 1966 to pass the Child Protection Act, apolis law firm of Leonard, Street and Dein­ Yet it is much too soon to throw one's hat which was supposed to outlaw hazardous ard alone have 14 cases pending against the in the air and dance a victory jig. As the toys. Under the new law, federal authorities manufacturer. A silvery substance, used in President emphasized, the withdrawal of have barred from the toy stores such dan­ the Etch-a-Sketch toy, has also branded these troops must be predicated on a. basis gerous delights as dolls stuffed with flam­ some children With instant tattoos. Wrote of not threatening the lives of other U.S. mable gun cotton, bright beads made of Dr. Henry S. Patton of Oakland, Calif., to troops left in Vietnam, the continued train- poisonous jequirity beans, revolvers that fire the manufacturer: "We would like to know June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15477 what substance of the silvery nature is used only reiterate what I said in that testimony scars after mixing a formula for fireworks in this toy. Is it mercury, silver, or is it a on the excellent work which the Commission with mail-order chemicals. carbon of some type? The family is very un­ is doing for all of us consumers and the ab­ Tricycle (Strafford, Pa.): A 2Yz year old happy as the child has a pigmented tattoo solute necessity that this work be continued. boy lost an eye when he fell against the un­ ... Please let me know what substance is Under present law, the categories of toy protected metal handlegrip of the toddler's used so I can tell the family what to ex­ hazards which children are protected against tricycle on which he was riding. pect." are only two: pressuriz~d and flammable. I Toy telephone (Flushing, Michigan): In Philadelphia, 11 children had to have think that our children deserve much more Luckily, a young couple heard the choking one-inch darts removed from their lungs protection than that. By adding the addition­ and crying of their six month old son in when they inhaled instead of blowing out the al categories included in the legislation now time to rescue him when he managed to darts through a plastic, toy jungle weapon under consideration we can get at many more twist the long cord of his toy telephone called the Zulu blowgun. An estimated 6 additional hazards including but not limited around his neck. This telephone was ad­ million have been sold. to sharp or protruding edges, !ragmenta tion, vertised as a crib toy. explosion, strangulation, suffocation, asphyx­ Doll bow (Downey, California): A mother PIERCED SCALP iation, electrical shock and electrocution, discovered, while attempting to replace A woman wrote from Lake View Terrace, heated surfaces, and unextinguishable flames. loosened ornaments, that the bow on her Calif., to Sen. Allan Cranston (D., Calif.) Hearings which the Commission on Product child's doll was secured to the head by an that her 6-year-old daughter's scalp was Safety held on the subject of hazardous toys inch long spike with a handle which made pierced by a bow and arrow set. The bow spotlighted the inadequacies in the existing it easily removable. delivered the arrow with such force that hazardous substances statute. These hear­ Train game (Morton, Pa.): While playing the wooden stem rammed through the ings revealed the seriousness of the problem. with a plastic train engine which blows up rubber suction cup into the little girl's An alarming number of seemingly harmless balloons via the smoke stack, whereupon head. toys were found to gravely endanger the scoring is achieved by breaking the balloons, A Shelbourne Falls, Mass., man complained health and safety of unsuspecting children. a young child's eye was injured when a frag­ that his 9-year-old boy was blinded in one From the point of view of product safety, ment of the balloon struck it. eye by an exploding cap device, constructed toys are different from any other products Hand grenades (Mt. Vernon, New York): of a weighted feather with a metal cover­ on the market in several ways: first, they are Three 14 year old boys were gathered to ing. Another complaint charged that an 8- generally bought for the user, not by the make explosive devices out of match-heads year-old New York boy almost lost an eye user; second, the user either can't or isn't as per the instructions in a mail order book­ playing with the Milton Bradley time bomb likely to read the instructions or cautions. let when one of the grenades blew up, sev­ game. In this respect the problem is similar to that ering two fingers and the top joint of the Playground sets have precipitated a host faced by a non-English speaking user, a se­ left thumb on one of the trio. of complaints. Typical is this letter from an rious problem in our country and one which Scooter board (West Hartford, Conn.): alarmed mother: "We recently purchased a receives not nearly enough attention. The During his first day using this toy-which gym set-swings, sliding board. The caged education of the consumer on the toy, and can be ridden either as a traditional scooter top had room to trap a child's head. As a of the child, in its safe use is no easy matter. or with a child lying down on it-a nine result, two of our children nearly hung them­ It is hard enough to educate the purchaser year old boy broke his permanent front selves." if it is a parent. But, if it is a doting grand­ tooth off when the vehicle stopped short. There is an appalling collection of com­ parent who has long forgotten, if he ever Soon after, a five year old friend met with plaints from parents of children who have knew, the many ways that a child can inter­ a similar accident. The small wheels do not been injured by dolls pierced with hidden act with a toy, it is doubly difficult. Third, permit the scooter to pass over even small spikes, animals stuffed with flammable mate­ the user is frequently inexperienced in the objects in its path and sharp stops are a rial, balloon toys that easily burst, and other ways of things and their properties so he frequent mishap, plunging the child's un­ playthings that backfire. does not allow for anti-human contrariness. prWisconsin farmers have been directly involved in the fight historic, cultural and natural values. that the state declared an open season on against pollution and other forms of eco­ Probably the most significant aspect of the animals for huntsmen. The editor sent logical mismanagement. Those who have the blll is that it would recognize for each Talbott to northern Wisconsin to hunt bear. served in the front lines of this battle person a "fundamental and inalienable right "When I got there, I learned a hunting realize that public apathy and bureau­ to a healthful environment" and impose on license would cost $50. I phoned the editor each a "responsibility to contribute to the and he told me he would not pay any such cratic inertia have been our greatest preservation and enhancement of the en­ fee. I suppose I was supposed to bite the enemies. vironment." Every governmental agency bear to death," Talbott recalled. The President demonstrated both his would be required to carry out its functions But the intrepid huntsman hired a guide understanding of this problem and his in the light of the new congressional policy who had both a gun and a hunting license. commitment to its solution in setting up that the bill would set up. In the past pro­ For 3 days they tramped the woods, seeing this council. As he pointed out during tection of the environment has been no­ nothing larger than a squirrel. Then the last year's presidential campaign: body's business. Under this proposed legis­ editor changed his mind and Talbott returned lation it would become the responsibility of home empty handed. We need a high standard of living, but we every agency whose activities have any bear­ Milton Hart remembered most vividly "the also need a high quality of life ... We need ing on the environment. nightmare" of Friday, Nov. 22, 1963: the day a strategy of quality for the seventies to Only experience will point to the precise President Kennedy was assassinated. Every match the strategy of quantity of the past. kind of organization that is necessary. But detail of those bulletins, one following the the enactment of a sound legislative policy, other, stands out in Hart's mind. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased that the wheels of Government are moving at the authorization of research and the pro­ Mrs. Thompson said she has found, over vision of adequate trained personnel are her years as director of the newspaper's food last to put our ecological house in order. certainly essential first steps. Congress department, that readers are most interested The work of the Environmental Quality should lose no time in supplementing the in three recipes: pound cake, carrot cake, and Council deserves the enthusiastic sup­ President's efforts. gelatine mold salads and desserts. port of all Americans. Miss McGinn said she was most impressed With this in mind, I would like to to find among newspaper workers "a gen­ [From the Christian Sciet!ce Monitor, June 4, uine sympathy for people stricken by trag­ share two editorials praising the Council 1969] edy." She remembered the 1958 fire at Our with my fellow Members which support SAVING OUR ENvmoNMENT Lady of Angels school, the Speck murder of the President's decision. They are from Every step taken now to protect mankind's eight nurses, and the assassinations of the the washington Post of June 3, and the physical environment-to restore and safe­ Kennedy brothers. Christian Science Monitor of June 4: guard earth's atmosphere, water, and natural [From the Washington Post, June 3, 1969] resources-is a move made in an area of urgency. For it is unfortunately true that NATIONAL POLICY OF ENVmONMENTAL industrial development, the population ex­ PROTECTION HAPPY ANNIVERSARY, DEAR SARAH plosion, and humanity's very mastery of the The chief question raised by President world's resources are threatening, in the long Nixon's creation of a cabinet-level Environ­ run, to make this planet uninhabitable. mental Quality Council is whether it will be So President Nixon's appointment of a HON. RICHARD WHITE equal to the major tasks which the country Cabinet-level advisory group to battle the OF TEXAS faces in this sphere. The destruction of natu­ "deterioration of the environment" is tre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ral resources and the pollution of water and mendously welcome news. Congress should air have assumed proportions which make come along with parallel efforts, as by Sena­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 drastic action imperative. Many observers tor Muskie's proposed select committee to Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, I know there fear that even a Council headed by the Presi­ study environmental problems. are a good many Members of this body dent and including all the Cabinet heads President Nixon's committee will include directly concerned may not be able to re­ himself, the Vice-President, six Cabinet sec­ who would like to join me today in say­ verse the trends which now threaten us. retaries and Dr. Lee A. DuBridge, White House ing "Happy anniversary, dear Sarah." It is not merely a matter of cleaning up scientific adviser, as executive secretary. A 15- And, I need not go further for many of the Nation's rivers and attacking the prob­ member Citizens Advisory Committee, also you, for you will know I am referring to lem of smog, vital as these objectives may be. appointed, will bring nongovernmental ex­ Sarah McClendon, who is celebrating The country must wake up to the fact that pertise into the effort. this week her 35th anniversary as a re­ the quality of our living space is seriously What is needed is a thorough awareness porter on Capitol Hill. deteriorating on a broad scale. Open space everywhere of how severely men have pol­ Sarah, who represents the El Paso is gobbled up for superhighways, airports, luted their surroundings, and what grave factories and suburban developments with­ consequences can ensue unless the drift is Times, one of the great newspapers of out much thought of what the consequences reversed. We are told, for instance, that in 10 the Southwest, has seen a great deal of will be for both present and future genera­ years sewage and waterborne wastes will be history made in those 35 years, and has tions. Reckless use of the land strips it of sumcien t to consume all the oxygen in reported it with diligence, skill, and per- fertility and at the same time fouls once America's main river systems. Through use ' . June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15481 of the internal combustion engine man­ OUR FLAG LAws-A CHRONOLOGY this country maligning Chicago and its kind is wafting skyward enough carbon (By Comdr. Robert W. Collins, U.S. Naval sense of justice when, in fact, maybe we dioxide to overwhelm eventually the balance Reserve, Retired) , ought to look at the concepts of justice of oxygen in the atmosphere. Enough DDT has been loosed so that it is discoverable even THE STARS AND STRIPES in South Dakota because maybe in South in Antarctic penguins. California is bull­ Continental Oongress June 14, 1777: Dakota they can fix grand jury indict­ dozing away its richest arable land to build Resolved, That the flag of the thirteen ments. But obviously, this is not the case housing. United States be thirteen stripes, alternate in Chicago. In effect, man's very progress threatens to red and white; that the union be thirteen I am astounded to think that one who overwhelm him. Fortunately a wide awaken­ stars, white in a blue field, representing a goes around this country preaching a new ing is evident. But it is still not sufficiently new constellation. concept of morality should himself sug­ realized that, from now on, every industrial THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER, MAY 1, 1795 gest these devious means to promote development, every massive timber felling, U.S. Flag Law, January 8,1794: every major real estate projec~. every sur­ what he calls better harmony in the Be it enacted, That from and after the 1st Democratic Party. face-stripping mining operation will need to day of May, A.D. 1795, the flag of the United include-in its price-tag and prospectus­ States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and Senator McGoVERN, through this very the additional cost of maintaining the en­ White. That the Union be fifteen stars, white foolish and tactless suggestion, proves vironment safe from despoliation. Sometimes in a blue field. once again how little patience some of that cost is going to be very high if, for in­ Our perma.nent flag law, Ap.rll 1, 1818: the self-styled saviours of America, such stance, rivers are no longer to be sewage Be it enacted, That from and after the 4th as Senator McGoVERN, have witt: the cesspools. day of July next, the flag of the United Thorough studies may propose drastic constitutional institutions of this great States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alter­ Republic. remedies. Dr. DuBridge mentions the possi­ nate red and white; that the union have bility that electric autos may have to re­ twenty stars, white in a blue field. That on There is not an iota of proof or any place internal-combustion cars if smog is to the admission of every new State into the suggestion that those current!:" under in­ be defeated. (Perhaps even the campus mili­ Union, one star be added to the union of the dictment will in any way be denied a fair tants could engage themselves in this en­ flag; and that such addition shall take effect trial under due process of the law. vironment-preserving crusade.) The saving on the 4th of July next succeeding such It is revealing that men like Senator effort can go forward vigorously, and it admission. should. As President Nixon remarks: "To­ McGovERN obviously have a double gether we have damaged the environment and standard, one for themselves and one together we can improve it." for the other fellow. SOME SOUND ADVICE FOR Senator McGoVERN totally ignores the SENATOR McGOVERN fact that this entire proceeding is the result of a very extensive investigation TO HONOR THE U.S. FLAG by the Federal grand jury. These indict­ HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI ments were reported after a great deal OF ILLINOIS of testimony and evidence was presented Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the jury. OF MISSISSIPPI Wednesday, June 11, 1969 Those indicated are now out on bond IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and will have their day in court in a Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, last Federal judicial proceeding. Wednesday, June 11, 1969 weekend Senator GEORGE MCGOVERN was Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, in Chicago with his commission on study­ For the Senator to suggest that some­ under leave to extend my remarks in ing the structure of the Democratic how Mayor Daley ought to use his in­ the RECORD, I include the following copy Party, and while his basic mission is to fluence to drop these indictments is to of a letter from a constituent and his discuss ways to make the Democratic make a complete mockery of the judicial enclosure: Party more democratic and more respon­ process in this country. This sophomoric YAZOO CITY, MISS., sive to the needs of the voters, obviously suggestion is pretty much par for the June 9, 1969. the Senator could not resist a temptation course on other views and other pro­ Mr. JAMES D. HESSMAN, to inject himself into the pending legal posals emanating from the office of the Managing Editor, Armed Forces Journal, proceedings against those who created so good Senator. Washington, D.C. I strongly suggest he seriously con­ DEAR JIM: 14 June is Flag Day. On 12 June much violence last August in Chicago. the House of Representatives will be con­ Senator McGoVERN drifted far afield of sider getting a new set of speech writers ducting appropriate ceremonies to honor the his basic assignment and in a manner because obviously this line of logic which 192nd anniversary of the Resolution of the that clearly indicates his impatience with he expounded in Chicago shows his basic Continental Congress which authorized the the judicial process in our Republic. Sen­ disbelief in the fundamental, constitu­ first Stars and Stripes of thirteen stars and ator McGovERN suggested that Mayor tional processes of this Republic. thirteen stripes. Daley use his infiuence to drop the I was very pleased to note that the very This week is a good time to think also of highly respected Chicago Sun Times took the fact that our Nation has had only two charges against the rioters. Statutes on the design of our National Flag This is an astonishing suggestion by editorial comment of the Senator's pro­ and Ensign: The Flag Law of 8 January a supposedly responsible Member of the posal and in very direct and meaningful 1794, effective 1 May 1795 and Our Perma­ other body. It is tantamount to almost terms, told him to keep politics out of our nent Flag Law of 4 April 1818, effective 4 publicly urging the mayor of Chicago to courts. July 1818. "fix" the trial of those indicted for incit­ I hope the Senator will read carefully The Journal has been the Spokesman for ing to riot. the Sun Times editorial and then pro­ the Services since 1863. During this span of ceed with the basic mission of his Com­ 106 years (when you reach your next birth­ To his everlasting credit and good day in August of 1969) our U.S. Flag has had, judgment, Mayor Daley in effect told mission, which is to come up with mean­ pursuant to and in accordance with the U.S. Senator McGOVERN to go and jump into ingful ways of strengthening the demo­ Statute of 4 April 1818, effective 4 July 1818, Lake Michigan with this naive sugges­ cratic process and not dumping it to 15 Stars added to the union of blue on our tion. The mayor quite properly told the political expediency. Flag for the 15 States which have been ad­ good Senator that the indictments have The Chicago Sun Times editorial fol­ mitted to the Union since your first issue of lows: publication. been properly obtained and those under The three laws on the design of our Flag indictment will have due process under KEEP POLITICS OUT OF COURTS are brief, interesting and informative. In the the law. If they are innocent they will ob­ After the street violence that attended the fond hope you will lay them before your viously be freed, and if they are guilty Democratic National Convention last August, readers I am pleased to send you herewith they should suffer the penalty of the law. we said on this page that there should be no my "Our Flag Laws-A Chronology". Mayor Daley's earthy, good, common­ legal sweeping under the rug of lawbreaking A well-informed public is America's great­ on both sides of the police lines. est security. sense apparently is too far advanced for This, In effect, Is what Sen. George S. Mc­ Public relations is an all-hands job. some of our ultrasophisticates who get Govern (D-S.D.) proposed In Chicago last ROBERT W. COLLINS, their ideas from their marble temples in weekend to promote Democratic Party har­ Commander, U.S. Naval Reserve, re­ Washington. mony. tired, and former history major from These same sophisticates, like the good Specifically, McGovern proposed that the Old "Ole Miss." Senator from South Dakota, go around Mayor Daley encourage officials to dismiss all 15482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 indictments growing out of the disorders so istration's concern with the problems of back and find that in 1900, the 65-year-old as to "end the anguish and heal the wounds." older Americans is demonstrated. group constituted only 4% of our population. McGovern, a professor of history and gov­ Secretary Barry's speech is both inter­ When we consider that there are some ernment, should recognize that his proposal 30,000,000 that are currently 55 years of age was unacceptable morally or-legally. Political esting and relevant to this continuing and over, and that every day an additional pressure on the courts should not be tol­ important domestic concern, and I in­ 800 persons reach the age of 65 for a total of erated. A court system free of politics is a clude it as follows: 300,000 citizens a year, it is a matter of major goal this newspaper, McGovern and every­ CONSUMER SERVICES FOR OLDER AMERICANS significance. Projections that have been made one interested in good government has been (By James J. Barry, Deputy Assistant Secre­ on population trends reveal that within the striving for. tary for Community and Field Services, next 20 years the older population will in­ With the indictment of demonstrators and Dep:utment of Health, Education, and Wel­ crease to approximately 25,000,000. policemen the judgment on the August dis­ fare) The consumer problems of the elderly then orders moved into the courts. And there they become clearly crystallized when we realize must be disposed of according to law. It may Mr. Chairman, Honored Guests, Ladies and that 50% of couples over 65 have incomes be that the specific federal law applied Gentlemen, I want to thank you for the under $3,000 or that 50% of all single persons against demonstrators should be tested for invitation to participate in your important over 65 have incomes under $1,300 per year. its constitutionality. But all these questions Regional Conference which provides me an Under these distressing financial conditions, should be hammered out in the courts. opportunity to discuss one of the salient ac­ the need to shop prudently for bargains and Even if he wanted to, Mayor Daley does tivities in government today, consumer to cut corners whenever possible has become not have the right to grand amnesty to per­ servl -.There are no issues that have a more a way of life for the elderly. During the dec­ sons st111 under indictment. If the court ac­ profound effect, or have a greater relevance ade ahead it should be the objective of each tion st111 pending is, as McGovern argued, to the elderly than the day-to-day bread and of you, together with your organizations, not keepinc Democratic Party wounds still open, butter items that are the basic consumer simply to be concerned with longer life and the best prescription is swift justice, not activities facing the nation today. the enjoyment of material comforts, but to political interference with justice. May I commend you for your conference look forward to being useful and productive The meeting in Chicago was called to dis­ location, the City of Manchester, the place members of our society, each according to his cuss ways to make the Democratic Party of my birth, the Queen City of the great own capability. more democratic and more responsive to the State of New Hampshire, which has received The consumer problems of the elderly are needs of the voters. We applaud those aims national acclaim for its meetings in the past a special concern to this administration. We and hope the McGovern commission can which have dealt not only with national but have been analyzing in detail the reports that concentrate on them without getting mired with international problems as well. There have been emanating from the U.S. Senate in old issues now being handled in the is no more appropriate setting to discuss one Special Committee on Aging, and we note courts. of HEW's foremost programs and one of the with concern that they have listed inade­ nation's greatest concerns than one's own quate income as one of the foremost problems bailiwick. Consumer issues cover a wide facing most older Americans. The committee range and are of an infinite variety, and this CONCERN FOR OLDER CITIZENS reported that one-third of our senior citizens reminds me of an incident which I encoun­ live in poverty and this is a serious problem tered recently. which cannot and will not be ignored by HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN A man in the market for a new car saw an your government. advertisement in the paper, offering a 1966 The Administration is in the process of OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Cadillac for sale for $50. The first day he preparing its recommendations to Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passed it up as a joke, but when the ad ap­ for increasing the social security benefits peared for the third time he went t<> look Wednesday, June 11, 1969 which, when approved by Congress, will help at the car. The address given turned out to alleviate the pressures caused by increases in Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, recently, be in a beautiful residential section of the the cost of living since the last social secu­ Mr. James J. Barry, Deputy Assistant city. The owner, an attractive elderly lady, rity adjustments. Secretary for Community and Field showed him the car and let him drive it. With poverty come many companion prob­ The car was in perfect and immaculate con­ lems, many of which relate to health. It is Services of the Department of Health, dition, and so he promptly and eagerly disturbing to note that medical costs related Education, and Welfare, delivered a clinched the deal. After the bill of sale was in to the Medicare and Medica.id programs have speech before the New England area his hands, he couldn•t suppress his curiosity been running excessively high. Congress has conference of the American Association any longer. indicated its concern over the exploited prac­ of Retired Persons and the National Re­ "Would you mind," he asked the lady, tices in the health field that is hampering tired Teachers Association in Manches­ "telling me why you're selling such a beauti­ an effective and orderly administration of ful car for only $50, when it is obvious you these vital programs for the aged. Within the ter, N.H. could have gotten a.t least $3,500?" In elderly population there are additional fac­ his speech, Secretary Barry pointed "Not at all," she replied. "In my husband's tors which make the elderly easy targets to out that there are 20 million persons will he left instructions to deliver the pro­ fraud and deception. Some of these have age 65 and over living in the United ceeds from the sale of his cadillac to his been cited by Doctor Thomas Rich, a psy­ States today. This group represents ap­ secretary, who had been so kind to him." chologist from the University of South Flor­ proximately 16 percent of our total pop­ The American Association of Retired Per­ ida. At a special consumer hearing conducted ulation. Within the next 20 years, it is sons and the National Retired Teachers Asso­ by the Committee on Aging in Tampa, in ciation have been a positive force in the fore­ 1967, Dr. Rich, among other things, had this expected that this segment of our popu­ front of organizations that have championed lation will number some 25 to 30 million to say: the rights of the elderly citizen and as a con­ "1. An increasing proportion of the elderly persons. sumer. We are all proud of the support you population consists of widows. While many When we realize that 50 percent of all are giving in helping to shape progress in widows have limited income, many have couples age 65 and over have incomes the area of consumer legislation, and your taken over the management of estates of all under $3,000 per year, and that 50 per­ assistance has definitely improved the social sizes and must make decisions about things cent of all single persons 65 and over service programs for the senior citizen. such as household repairs, automobile in­ have incomes under $1,300 per year, it I consider it an honor also to speak to you surance, and a whole realm of things not at a time when President Nixon has again within their previous experience. They have becomes clear that the economic hard­ proclaimed the month of May as Senior Citi­ been placed in a position where they some­ ship imposed on our older citizens has zens Month. In making his proclamation, the times make questionable judgments about reached scandalous proportions. President said, among other things, "I espe­ purchases which may be open to fraudulent Many of us are concerned with the cially invite the elder citizens of this Nation claims. plight of those persons living on fixed to use this month as a time for re-examining "2. Many elderly make purchases of drugs incomes during a period in which the the social role which they are playing and and nostrums in realization of their doubtful cost of living is rising at an unprece­ the conditions under which they live, and value but in the hope of alleviating pains, I ask them to share their conclusions and irritations and the cessation of the signs of dented rate. In the past, much has been recommendations with their countryman." aging. Among the characteristics of the older done for most Americans age 65 or over, I believe this is a fitting tribute to the population that affects the consumer picture but, as I know, that most will agree that senior citizen. It is also significant on this is the serious incidence of chronic illness. much remains to be done. conference occasion to re-emphasize the re­ According to Public Health Surveys, about 4 I think it is significant that Congress quest of the President to share with those of out of 5 people 65 and over report one or has exhibited concern for older Ameri­ us in government your thoughtful and timely more chronic conditions." cans by the many bills introduced in this conclusions on matters relating to the elderly. Because of these facts, the elderly person session, designed to alleviate the eco­ The Bureau of the Census reveals that today is often a special target for the medical quack there are approximately 20,000,000 Americans and his "sure cures." The aged, especially the nomic problems of old age. I think also that are over 65. They comprise 16% of the poor, tend to place a great deal of faith in it is significant that the present admin- adult population, but it is significant to look advertising. They have the tendency to seek June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15483 self-medication rather than professional help. iodine, blackstrap molasses and herbs have plaints could be avoided if manufacturers False and misleading advertising is twisting an infinite variety of cures, will fortify your of major appliances would: the- art of healing into the art of stealing. diet, steady your nerves, strengthen your (1) Express their warranties in clear and False and deceptive advertising contains bones, and enliven your blood. simple language which is easy tQ understand illegally promoted therapeutic and pseudo­ ECONOMY OF FOOD PURCHASING and which makes the nature and extent of therapeutic devices, food supplements and the obligations and benefits described therein so-called health foods. In its most blatant For most Americans, there are supermar­ unmistakable. form, this involves deliberately falsified scien­ kets that provide competitive prices on foods. (2) Recognize that the purchaser of their tific studies and false promotional claims for This is not completely accurate in the low­ products is entitled to receive a product potent drugs. er class areas of our major cities. For many which is reasonably suitable for the purposes In a recent action which received national reasons, the large food chains have moved for which it is intended and which will con­ publicity, Secretary Finch of the Department out and serve the more affiuent areas leav­ form to any representations by the maker of Health, Education and Welfare eliminated ing the inner city to be served by small, with respect to its fitness for particular pur­ a well known and popularly used drug by independent and often inefficient food store poses. This requires that the implied war­ calling it off the market. It was deemed to operators. It has been found through surveys ranties of merchantability and fitness not misrepresent its efficacy and its ability to that food is often lower in quality and higher be disclaimed. cure. in price in the lower class, rundown neigh­ (3) Not include in their warranties un­ Drugs have changed even more than foods borhood. The tragedy is that people in these necessary exclusions and disclaimers. during the past 20 years. While more of our residential districts who are oftentimes lit­ (4) Not include in their warranties pro­ elderly citizens are taking advantage of the erally living on social security and on fixed visions which purport to obligate third new medical care programs, many are still incomes, must pay higher prices. They are parties to perform any of the obligations unaware of the need for their intelligent often locked in these areas because of lack stated therein. chmce of medicines a,nd medical services. of adequate transportation and the incon­ venience of shopping at a distant store. (5) Not attempt to pass on to the con­ The rapid technological advances that have sumer or to the retailer a part or all of the been made in the food industry, the automo­ The price of food, however, is everyone's financial burden of replacing defective parts tive industry and the appliance industry, concern because it is the basic cost of living or of correcting defects in design or manu­ specifically in radio, television and automatic item. There are no easy answers to the prob­ facture. lem of inflation, except through greater effi­ home appliances in the development of their (6) If retailers or servicing agencies are product lines have brought about a sophisti­ ciency, increased productivity and through responsible for performing any obligations cation of many of these consumer items. In honest and healthy competition in the mar­ stated in the guarantee, insure that such fact, there are very few Americans that have ket place. parties are provided with sufficient incentive the expertise or the tools or the time to re­ Use of credit and resources to encourage them to fulfill pair an automatic washing machine or a Ours has become a credit-oriented society. those obligations promptly and conscien­ television set. Some of these products have Credit can be a blessing, helping to bring tiously, and if they fail to do so take effec­ come into being since the senior citizen was into every home the wonders of the American tive remedial action. already in retirement. He has only the faint­ production, rich and poor alike. But credit est notion of how it is to be repaired and (7) Avoid any temptation to use a war­ can also become a millstone around the neck ranty as a sales gimmick by making it ap­ often only an elementary knowledge of how of the unwary consumer who has not learned it should be maintained. Coupled with this pear to be unusually attractive, while at the to use it prudently and wisely. The elderly same time incorporating disclaimers, excep­ vast array of new products, our senior citi­ find that credit is useful and they need the zens must learn to live with sales contracts, tions, and exclusions which eliminate these facility. New concepts are required to meet purported benefits. warranty agreements and maintenance agree­ the credit needs of the low income and the ments that are often part of the sales and (8) Make greater efforts to inform con­ elderly. Financial counseling services are pro­ sumers concerning the provisions of their service programs of such products. More often vided for those who overextend themselves than not the senior citizen must rely on the warranties by: with credit and whose job may be threatened (a) Including expla,na,tory material in ad­ neighborhood serviceman to handle his with wage garnishments. maintenance problems. To many it has be­ vertising and operating manuals, and come a complex and bewildering as well as Avoidance of quackery and fraudulent (b) Providing retailers with appropriate expensive world even for the more affiuent. products and practices point of sale material. As a result of all this, several state legisla­ It is hard to believe from the best available (9) Esrliablish effective procedures for han­ tures, including New York and Illinois, anq estimates that American consumers in many dling consumer complaints of inability to some others I cannot specifically recall have of the older citizens are relieved of over obtain warranty service, and provide ade­ recognized the problems of the consumer and $500,000,000 annually by dishonest contrac­ quate follow-up to insure that action is are seeking to attack them through a massive tors in the building, roofing, siding and relat­ taken on those complaints. program of consumer education in the local ed trades. A favorite approach utilized by FALSE ADVERTISING school systems. th.Jse types of contractors is the scare ap­ Mimy of these projects are financed un­ proach. "Lady, your oil burner is in bad Another area th8it is of considerable con­ der programs administered by the Depart­ shape. It might blow up on you any day." One cern to those of us at the Department of ment of Health, Education and Welfare. unethical specialist finished the job in 25 Health, Education and Welfare has been false These programs, together with those of vol­ minutes and charged $105. The same day the and deceptive advertiSiing and claims, not untary organizations such as yours, are seek­ burner broke down again and had to be re­ only in drugs and medicines, but also in ing to address themselves to such basic con­ placed tan increased expenditure. foods and house and automobile accessories. sumer problems as: · The most common trick that is used and It has been estimated that over 800 differ­ that has been used by reputable business ent fraud and quackery and deception SOUND NUTRITION firms is the technique of "bait." The first­ Getting the most for one's food dollar schemes are operating in the market place. line product may be advertised at a low is no easy task. Those on limited or fixed in­ No one in any strata of our society is im­ price. When the prospective consumer trav­ comes cannot afford to waste their resources mune regardless of his station in life, level els half the di&tance across the city to pur­ on foods where packaging costs are more of education or environment. American con­ chase the commodity, he finds upo-n reaching than the commodity. For many, this shop­ sumers, especially the elderly, are suscepti­ the store that they only had a limited supply ping skill must be taught. There are several ble to being fleeced by unscrupulous oper­ and the article was all sold out. The salesman food schemes that prey on those with limited ators who employ a wide assortment of tricks, then puts the pressure on to sell ather qual­ incomes. One is the food freezer plan that devices, schemes and campaigns. ity products at slightly higher prices. abounds in most cities. In the long run the Health quackery alone is responsible for The advertisements that claim that a drug consumer ends up paying market prices for the staggering figure of $1 billion yearly or medication will cure a specific ailment, the food and very expensively for the freezer. swindle. These activities are conducted under but in reality has no therapeutic effect is de­ He would be better off to borrow the money the guise of nutritional science. Doesn't al­ ception of the highest magnitude. While this for the freezer if he actually needed it. most everyone feel tired, pepless, or tense at is "a complex problem, we are approaching an Dietary food fads have also attracted many one time or another? One of the most fertile era when we must have accuracy and truth­ of our elderly through the pseudo-health fields of operation for the sharp dealer with fulness in advertising as well as proven effi­ advisers. The American Medical Association a rich larceny in his blood is that of health cacy in drugs and medicinal products before had this to say about the problem: "Unless aids. they are placed on the market. Older people your doctor recommends tonics, supplements, WARRANTIES AND GUARANTIES are easy prey for health hacksters. Many vitamins or minerals in concentrated form, Another of the major problems on house­ senior citizens suffer from chronic diseases -- ::> one need take them if he follows a fairly hold appliances, motor vehicles, etc. has been and are swindled by those who offer quack v;ell balanced daily diet." Yet pseudo-health the matter of warranties and guaranties. A treatment. Recent studies show tha.t over dvisers and salesmen may suggest that Federal Task Force composed of personnel $200 million a year is spent on worthless standard foods are inadequate because of from the Departments of Labor, Commerce, remedies for arthritis alone. The American "over-processing," "worn· out soil," "poison­ and Federal Trade Commission, in coopera­ Medical Assooiation has issued warnings to ous combinations" and other such nutritional tion with members of industry undertook to the general public and has suggested tmat nonsense. They pretend that their exotic study warranties and guaranties. The study those of you who are interested write to the products made from sea kelp, yogurt, yeast, concluded that many of the consumer com- national organization to secure their criteria 15484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 for ascerta.ining that you are in the hands of CONSUMER PROTECTION AND ENVmONMENTAL minimum wage helps to keep that mar­ proper and competent medical authorities. HEALTH SERVICE (CEPHS) ket active and healthy. SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION CEPHS is accelerating its program relating But more than that, it provides dig­ The most important consumer mission on to environmental health. The HEW Office of nity and security to the American work­ the part of the Federal government is in the Consumer Services is also seeking to have all er. We know that a man who receives field of consumer safety and accident pre­ of the Model Cities programs that are being established in the inner cities of our urban too little to provide for himself and his vention. In 1968 Congress established the family cannot be a good worker or a National Commission on Product Safety areas to include consumer components as which is undertaking a study on hazardous part of the activities. good citizen. He will be hungry, embit­ household products and ways to implement I need not remind those of you who have tered and ashamed. The minimum wage programs to overcome the dangers they worked so hard for consumer programs for has brought an element of equilibrium present to the consumer. the elderly that the job is not an easy one, to American life. Aside from the problem of who is legally nor that it is to be expected that the Federal We have heard the complaint, also, responsible when a consumer is injured government can do this job alone. It requires that a minimum wage violates basic eco­ when using an appliance or tool-there are the full cooperation and partnership of all the 50 States and local governments. More nomic doctrine, because it interferes many items of equipment that are not prop­ with the play of supply and demand. erly designed nor provide the necessary safe­ importantly, it needs the help of the private guards to reduce avoidable accidents. There sector and the courageous leadership of vol­ But, in reality, what it does is raise the are many kinds of product hazards. There untary organizations such as yours. entire level of the economy-for poverty are several that are of particular importance The companion organizations that you serves no one's end. to our senior citizens. The power mower is represent have accepted the challenge that Mr. Speaker, it is time now for a new one. This convenient household gadget can is involved in making this a better environ­ increase in the minimum wage. It is be a killer. The rotary blade on a power ment and a better life, not only for the essential to meet the pressures of infla­ mower may travel at the rate of 21,000 feet elderly, but for all the consumers. I have seen and appreciate the excellent publica­ tion. It is the next step in the general per minute at its outermost tip or 240 improvement of life for Americans. miles per hour and exert a pressure of 10,000 tions and consumer materials that are pub­ pounds per minute. Children and pets have lished by your associations such as Modern You know that substandard wages hit been killed instantly while following the Maturity. the disadvantaged hardest. The chief - older folks while cutting a lawn. It is my hope that this month and this victims are Negroes, as well as Puerto year will continue to be a memorable dedica­ Ricans and Mexican-Americans. This GLASS DOOR PANELS tion to our senior citizens. May this be a bill will not only set $2 as the new mini­ Manufacturers of these panels have re­ year when each citizen in each community cently established safety standards for glass will seek to provide the benefits and oppor­ mum hourly wage, but will abolish the door panels and room dividers. Children as tunities in the community programs which painful exemptions that left so many well as adults have been especially vulner­ will add satisfaction, dignity and security to people unprotected by the law. But the able to accidents by running into them. In the lives of aging Americans. It is my hope union worker making substantially more this connection, I should like to point out that the federal, state and local govern­ than the minimum wage has no cause that most of these accidents occur at home. ments, in partnership with private and vol­ for concern, for experience shows that untary organizations, will join hands in when minimum wage goes up, so do the GAS-FIRED HEATERS AND APPLIANCES bringing a better day for all older Americans. . In 1968, a major manufacturer called back wages of skilled and unionized workers. several thousand gas fired furnaces because Mr. Speaker, this legislation should of defective workmanship and because of have been approved last year, perhaps several fatalities. GILBERT Bn.L TO INCREASE even earlier. It is right, economically ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND TELEVISION MINIMUM WAGE sound, and necessary. I hope the Con­ All of you have heard of a certain well gress will delay action on this measure known company calling back its color tele­ no longer. vision sets because of the emission of radia­ tion to its watchers. It should be noted that HON. JACOB H. GILBERT the effects of such radiation take place in OF NEW YORK RELATIONS WITH GREECE the front, the back and the sides of the set. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WhU~ only one company has had the respon­ sibility to recall its equipment, it is generally Wednesday, June 11, 1969 HON. DON EDWARDS known that this condition pretty much Mr. Gn.BERT. Mr. Speaker, I have OF CALIFORNIA exists in all color TV appliances. reintroduced a bill to amend the Fair The Department of Health, Education and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Welfare plays a significant role in the whole Labor Standards Act of 1938 to increase Wednesday, June 11, 1969 area of safety and consumer services as they the minimum wage to $2 an hour. affect the senior citizens and the health of Over the years, the minimum-wage Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. this nation. In addition, the Medicare and law has proven one of the bulwarks of Speaker, the problem of U.S. relations Medicaid programs and Social Security pro­ stability in our society. Since its begin­ with the military junta government of grams are administered by the Food and nings, it has risen step by step and Con­ Greece continues after more than 2 years Drug Administration, which is constantly gress made improvements in 1961 and of broken promises from that junta. Al­ on the vigil to improve the efficacy and again in 1966. I supported those in­ most every day we read of more arrests sa:(ety of our foods and drugs. creases, but we still are lagging behind. in that troubled country and of more The Department of Health, Education and Welfare has been in the process of making Those workers who were brought under acts of oppression. its consumer programs more effective in sev­ coverage in the 1961 amendments are It is clear that the present dictatorial eral ways: now receiving $1.60 an hour. Those la­ government of Greece does no·t have ( 1) It is seeking to strengthen the Office borers covered for the first time under popular support and that its days are of Consumer Services, which plays an in­ the 1966 amendments are now receiving numbered. But it is also clear that the novative role in stimulating consumer activ­ $1.30 an hour, and will be increased to people of Greece, and of the nations of ities in various agencies of the department. $1.45 in February 1970, and to $1.60 in Europe, believe that the United States We are seeking to have each agency of the February 1971. is supporting that government and its department improve not only the quality of its services but the information programs Mr. Speaker, long ago we Americans excesses. Whether the U.S. Department that relate to it. came to recognize that our prosperity of State and the Department of Defense (2) HEW has undertaken a newsletter depends not only on the thriving of our truly support the military junta is open called HEW Consumer Newsletter, which is businesses, but on the buying power of to question. However, the public impres­ being published by the Office of Consumer our workers. sion remains. Services. The first issue was released in When the minimum wage was en­ Decisions yet to be made by the United April. It is a monthly publication and will acted, and each time it was increased, States are vital to whether the people of include current information on a variety of Greece regain their liberties. Military consumer educational items that should shortsighted spokesmen of business bit­ have a wide range of interest to organiza­ terly complained that it would drive aid to the junta has been renewed on a tions such as yours. them to ruin. Of course, that was non­ limited basis; economic aid is being re­ (3) The Food and Drug Administration is sense. The minimum wage is an essen­ quested. The new administration is re­ accelerating its program to evaluate the tial element to their salvation, because viewing the entire Greek situation. many drugs and medicines that are now on we know that the greatest market for Under unanimous consent I submit the the market as to their efficacy. our products is right here at home. The text of the most recent statement of the June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15485 Committee for Democracy in Greece for all electrical power 2 minutes before its meeting connecting schedules are more inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, plunge. · important to the airlines than the delay as follows: The National Transportation Safety which would be necessary to replace the STATEMENT OF U.S. COMMITI'EE FOR DEMOC­ Board came to this conclusion, according faulty generator. RACY IN GREECE, JUNE 9, 1969 to an Associated Press article which ap­ I believe the fault for this tragedy does It is now more than two years since a. peared in the Chicago stin -Times on not lie with the pilots or the mainte­ small clique of officers seized power in the basis of information recovered from nance personnel. The Pucinski voice re­ Greece. Their pledges to restore democratic the cockpit voice recorder which sur­ corder clearly fixes the fault, and that is government on a "purified and perfected" vived the crash. with those who approve regulations per­ basis have been regularly repeated and as The voice recorder showed that it mitting departure under the conditions regularly broken. Instea.d, a constitution stopped recording during the most cru­ which I have cited above. making only the most minimal concessions to popular government and human rights cial moments of the flight before the We are now beginning to build a sub­ has been foisted on the country by that crash. This interruption occurred be­ stantial catalog of evidence on what shopworn tool of dictatorships, a rigged cause of a power failure in the aircraft, causes air disasters, thanks to the effi­ plebiscite. And even the meager provisions but fortunately, pretakeoif conversations ciency of the Pucinski voice recorder, which distinguish the constitution's "new in the cockpit and recorded on the voice and I say, Mr. Speaker, that if I never order" from unchecked tyranny remain sus­ recorder show that the crew was aware did anything else as a Member of Con­ pended. of a generator being inoperative in en­ gress, the wealth of satisfaction I receive Instead of the promised restoration of lib­ erty, each day brings news of further mass gine No. 3. The tape recorder showed in knowing that we are finally able to arrests, lengthy prison sentences, and savage that discussion centered around reducing take much of the agonizing speculation tortures. The civil service and the educa­ the electrical load, prior to takeoif, 1n out of the causes of air disasters with the tional system have been gutted; ignoramuses the event another generator was lost use of these Pucinski voice recorders, and hacks, qualified only by their family or after takeoif. makes my service in Congress a source of other connections with the ruling clique, The tape recorder also recorded the great satisfaction to me. have been installed in key posts throughout engine fire warning horn when it went Our experience with these voice re­ the government. on in the cockpit shortly after takeoif corders shows the need for continued In the armed forces the ablest, best and recorded the crew instituting fire determination. It would have been easy trained, and most experienced officers have' been dismissed and often imprisoned or shutdown procedures. to be deterred by all the special interests exiled, to be replaced by men whose only ex­ No further cockpit sounds were re­ who tried to tell us during the long battle pertise is in conspiracy. Yet the United corded after the electrical power to the to get voice recorders installed that they States has restored full military aid to the recorder was lost, but a short time later would not work, but time is now proving regime, which has thus demonstrated its un­ when power was again restored for a otherwise. fitness to receive or to use it-except against few seconds, the voice recorder did re­ The AP story follows: its own people. Indeed, Greece is one Of four cord cockpit conversations during 9 ELECTRIC POWER LOST IN JET CRASH KILLING 38 countries which account for the bulk of all our military aid. seconds which showed urgent conversa­ WASHINGTON.-A jet airliner that crashed Soon we may expect to be asked for eco­ tion concerned with maintaining control at Los Angeles last Jan. 18, killing all 38 per­ nomic aid as well. For the incompetence of the aircraft. sons aboard, lost all electrical power two min­ of the junta, as well as the horror excited These invaluable messages recorded by utes before its plunge, the National Trans­ abroad by its severe repression of its oppo­ the crew seconds before the disaster portation Safety Board announced Sunday. nents, have brought about a steady deterio­ clearly demonstrate to investigating Since an airliner requires electricity for ration in the country's financial and eco­ teams that a power failure caused the operation of its flight controls, hydraulic sys­ nomic position. Its balance of payments has tem, instrumen!; panels and cockpit lighting, crash. a complete power loss at night would have been increasingly adverse, its reserves of for­ Perhaps even more important is the eign exchange and gold have been dissipated, left the crew in utter darkness, unable to ob­ and its short-term debts have skyrocketed. At undeniable evidence on that tape re­ serve instruments, unable to check the hori­ the same time the rate of economic growth corder that the aircraft took off even zon, unable to exert the required controls. has fallen sharply. A significant flight of though one of its generators was INOPERATIVE 3 DAYS capital is already taking place; its pace may inoperative. The United Air Lines Boeing 727 had been be expected to accelerate in the coming Federal Aviation Administration reg­ inoperative for three days before the acci­ months. ulations permit takeoif under such con­ dent. During that inoperative period, the We urge our government to intensify its ditions and in my judgment these regula­ plane had been flown 41 hours with only pressures for a return to democratic norms, tions ought to be now reconsidered for two functioning generators, the NTSB said. and to give its moral support to the country's Two minutes after an apparently normal legitimate political leaders in their consist­ the unexpected fire and the engine pro­ pelling the remaining generator cre­ 6:21 p.m. takeoff from Los Angeles Interna­ ent refusal to compromise with tyranny. tional airport on a planned flight to Denver And above all, we believe it is essential that ated a situation which led to the tragedy. and Milwaukee, the crew reported to the the United States not only refuse any pleas We probably would not know these airport departure control station: for economic aid, but make it clear that no facts if the Pucinski voice recorder had "We've had a fire warning on No. 1 en­ more weapons will be supplied to the junta. not been operating in that cockpit. gine. We shut down. We'd like to come back." And we further urge that the United States I remember well the intensive struggle That was the last radio contact with the fully associate itself with the international I have watched in this Congress for al­ flight. Shortly after it, the plane's secondary condemnation visited on Greece by such most 7 years to get voice recorders into radar target disappeared from the ground bodies as the Council of Europe, and take traffic controller's scope. That meant that the effective action in the United Nations and the cockpits of commercial aircraft. I re­ transponder, or radar identification beacon, other international bodies to bring pres­ member well how all the special interests on the plane had stopped operating. sure for the enforcement of those commit­ fought me on this issue and placed road­ A minute later the primary radar target-­ ments to human rights which the present block after roadblock to thwart this reflections of radio energy from the aircraft's Greek regime has so scandalously violated. project. surfaces-disappeared just after the plane Mr. Speaker, nothing will bring back was observed starting a left turn. It later the 38 victims of this crash but it is my was determined that the plane crashed into hope that this telltale recording will the Pacific Ocean in water 1,000 feet deep, PUCINSKI VOICE RECORDER bring about urgently needed reforms in 11 miles west of the airport, four minutes SCORES AGAIN after takeoff. operational procedures. With the left engine shut down because There- are those who would like to of the fire warning, and the generator for HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI blame the pilots who flew this aircraft, or the right engine inoperative, the plane OF U.LINOIS the mechanics who maintained it. This would have had to rely on the middle en­ gine. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would be an injustice to their memory. The blame lies squarely with those As required on airliners, the plane car­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 ried two tape-record devices, one to record who permit an aircraft to depart when operational data such as speed, direction Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ the crew and the maintenance personnel and altitude, and the other providing a con­ tional Transportation Safety Board an­ and the tower are fully apprised that stant voice record of cockpit comment by nounced Sunday that a jet airliner there is a breakdown in one of the com­ the crew. which crashed at Los Angeles last Janu­ ponent parts--one of the generators. Both were recovered from the wreckage ary 18, killing all 38 persons aboard, lost It is quite obvious that expediency and in fair co!ldition. But because of the power 15486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 loss they were not recording during the most There still remains, however, the all- duplicate Earth out there, it may be some crucial moments of the 1llght. important problem of how best to imple- thousands of years from today. Until then, the only place in the Universe that will feel ltNEW ABOUT GENERATOR ment this policy, and on tha t score there like home in Earth, unless your idea of home "Pre-takeoff conversation indicates that still is considerable diversity of opinion. life could include setting up house on space the crew was aware of the No. 3 generator's The size and composition of the respon- platforms, or the Moon, or taklng your being inoperative," the board said. "The dis· sible agency, the tenure of its member- evening walk with oxygen helmet and space cussion centered around reducing the elec­ ship, its location within the GoveJ:lllllent, suit. trical load, prior to takeoff, in the event an­ the scope of its activities and responsi- "We haven't got used to thinking about other generator was lost after takeoff. "Normal cockpit conversation was evident bilities--all these are vitally important "it this way yet, but, as Astronaut Borman on the tape from takeoff until ... the No. 1 to the successful implementation of an pointed out-for us people, Earth is a kind announced national policy. of inhabitable oasis in an unimaginably engine fire warning sounded. At that time, vast desert. the fire shutdown procedures were initiated. President Nixon's appointment of the "Also, Earth is a strange sort of oasis, in "No further cockpit sounds were recorded Environmental Quality Council testifies that quite apart from providing us what we after . . . the electrical power to the record­ to his awareness of the problem; but an need to llve-water, air, sustenance, com­ er was lost, until later when power was interdepartmental advisory council is not panionship-this oasis actually grew us and again available to the voice recorder for about nine seconds. The cockpit conversa­ a substitute for an agency with statu- every other life form. We are all related. tion during that latter period was urgent in tory authority and responsibility for re- "Darwin, during his famous Galapagos porting regularly to the Congress and to journey, found all llfe on Earth-from nature and concerned maintaining control plankton to people-to be part of an in­ of the aircraft. the public an overview of environmental credibly complex interwoven and interde- "No radio transmissions or crash sounds conditions and needs. pendent blanket spread around the globe. were recorded during this period," the NTSB The Congress, in hearings on a number There is no loosening one thread in the said. of bills, is giving its careful attention to blanket without changing the stresses on The three engines and 60 to 70 per cent of the aircraft wreckage were recovered from finding the most effective methods of au- every other thread, or worse, unravellng it. Santa Monica Bay. The safety board said thorizing such an agency and of protect- "So then, if it is ll!e on Earth that most there was no evidence of an overheated ing the environment which all men share. of us are stuck with for the next little whlle, A very valuable analysis of this entire we had better consider the consequences of condition on either the interior or exterior what has recently been going on here. of the No. 1 engine. subject was given recently by Mr. Michael · McCloskey, nOW Chief Of staff Of the "n. TOWARD A MORE MOON-LIKE EARTH Sierra Club, in testimony before the Sen- "There was not always enough oxygen to support the existence of Man. It wasn't untll ate Committee on Interior and Insular green plants and certain ocean plankton had ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Affairs on S. 1075, introduced by Sena- evolved that the Jnatural process was begun COUNCIL tors JACKSON and STEVENS. by which oxygen is maintained in the atmos- Mr. Speaker, I insert Mr. McCloskey's phere: photosynthesis. HON. JEFFERY COHELAN statement in the RECORD at the conclu- "Man, one would think, has a stake in as­ OF CALIFORNIA sion of my remarks, and I call special suring that this process continues. Consider attention to his very cogent suggestions them, these bits of news: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the actual organization, responsibility, "In the u.s. alone, oxygen-producing greenery is being paved over at a rate of one Wednesday, June 11, 1969 and operation of what he calls an in- m1111on acres per year and the rate is increas- Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, last stitutional focus for drawing together ing. Also, paving is contagious. Other coun- week President Nixon focused public at­ environmental information. tries are following suit. tention upon the need for coordinated I think that Mr. McCloskey's statement "The oceans have become the dumping consideration of environmental prob­ will be most helpful as we prepare to ground for as many as a half m111ion sub­ legislate in this vitally important area. stances, few of which are tested to see 1f the lems by creating the Environmental plankton we need can survive them. Quality Council. The urgent need for this The statement follows: "New factories, autos, homes, and jet air- focus had been agreed upon in formal STATEMENT OF MicHAEL McCLOSKEY FOR THE planes have incredibly increased the rate at policy statements by both legislative and SIERRA CLUB, APRIL 16, 1969 which combustion takes place-i.e., at which executive leaders. Several bills propos­ Mr. Chairman, I am Michael McCloskey. oxygen is used and replaced in our atmos­ ing coordinated action to conserve and I serve as Conservation Director of the Sierra phere by carbon dioxide and carbon monox­ improve the quality of our environment Club and am speaking for it here today. We ide. presently are pending in the Congress. are pleased to offer our strong support for "The result is a kind of Russian roulette One of the most significant contribu­ s. 1075 which would establish a Council of with the oxygen supply. Dr. Lamont C. Cole, Environmental Advisors and provide for eco- ecologist, Cornell University, New York, has tions toward clarifying public policy in logical surveys. said this: this area was a joint Senate-House col­ The Sierra Club, which is a national con- "'When and 1f we reach the point where loquium, convened last summer by Sen­ servation organization of 75,000 members, the rate of combustion exceeds the rate of ator HENRY JACKSON, chairman Of the traditionally has been preoccupied with sav- photosynthesis, the oxygen content of the at­ Senate Committee on Interior and In­ ing especially unique and scenic wildlands. mosphere will decrease. Indeed there is evi­ sular Affairs, and my California col­ We still are working at this task. However, dence that it may already have begun to league, Representative GEORGE P. MILLER, this work is being outflanked by the gen- decline around our largest cities.' chairman of the House Committee on eral deterioration in man's habitat and the "There is a bright side: If we should con­ Science and Astronautics. The agreed­ outright destruction of the habitat for so tinue what we're doing, overpopulation will upon statement of "A National Policy much other life on this planet. Recently we cease to be a problem. expressed our alarm over these facts in a "sterile for the Environment" was announced full page advertisement that we ran in a to the Congress by our colleague from national newspaper. we thought the time "In only 25 years, traces of DDT have found Connecticut, Representative EMILIO had come to communicate our anguish to a their way into the average American to the DADDARIO, chairman of the House Sci­ broad audience, and did so in these words: extent of eleven parts per million. They are also found in animals, birds, fish and re- ence and Astronautics Subcommittee on "I. THE MOON, MARS, SATURN • • · NICE PLACES cently, in notable quantity, in the fatty Science, Research and Development. As TO VISIT, BUT YOU WOULDN'T WANT TO LIVE tissues of Antarctic penguins. (If you wonder reported in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD THERE about the consequences, similar pesticides on May 20, at page 13148, this state­ "Any moment now, Man will find himself have already made sterile a species of hawk ment of policy was endorsed by the Com­ hurtling around in an Outer Space so enor- and owl in England. Here is the way it works: mittee on Environmental Quality of the mous that descriptions of its size only bog- insects eat sprayed plants, small birds eat Federal Council for Science and Tech­ gle the mind. (One attempt has put it this them, and then big birds eat them. By that nology, predecessor of the newly an­ way: The size of the Earth is to the size of time, the insecticide has been concentrated the known Universe as a germ is to our many-fold and the big birds are in big trou­ nounced Environmental Quality Coun­ enttre solar system.) ble. Now, 1f we humans were in the habit of cil. "Yet, we already hear excited talk of lo- eating owls and hawks ...) Agreement on this general statement eating, out there, a plt:met that duplicates "Aside from the toxic effects on Man and policy is important, for it represents a the natural environment on Earth, i.e., trees, other animals, pesticides like DDT and newer major step toward improving and ex­ ftowers, water, air, people; you get our more voguish chemicals ellmlnate whole pop­ panding our traditional resources plan­ meaning. ulations of certain bacteria and pest orga- ning programs. "The fact is that 1f we do find such a nisms. June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15487 "However, and here 1s the shocker,. no retrievably Intertwined with everything on result of carbon dioxide build-up or falling one in the world knows, when we aim at a his planet and therefore must proceed with temperatures as a result o'! smog and jet con­ particular pest, which other organisms may a degree of caution, until, at last, he has the trails. be eliminated by ricochet. Someone had bet­ option of actually leaving Earth. The emergence of these problems clearly ter find out. ••If, before then, we should so alter our shows that our existing instltutions and pro­ "If some pesticide, herbicide, or defoliant environment that we rid it of ingredients we grams are not adequate. Admittedly, our should by inadvertence kill too many of the need for life, then we will merely pass the market economy has been remarkably suc­ 'nitrogen-fixing' organisms-those organisms way of other life forms that have become cessful in producing goods and services to that enable living things to make use of extinct for one reason or another. And, as meet man's most immediate needs. Where the nitrogen in the atmosphere-then life humbling a thought as it may be, Nature necessary, government has intervened to pro­ on Earth could end. might scarcely miss the people. Things might vide basic butressing for many of these mar­ "It is that dependent and fragile. eventually get back into their own pattern, ket activities, as through irrigation and high­ the natural order reviving. Plankton might way programs. To a limited extent, govern­ "Rampant technology evolve; oxygen might re-form in the atmos- ment has intervened also to mitigate adverse "The Aswan High Dam was dreamed up phere; grass might grow through the pave­ effects where they could be anticipated, as to prevent the Nile from overflowing its banks ment and among tumbled columns as it has with soil erosion and forestry programs, and as it had yearly throughout history. (It before. more recently with air and water pollution was thought such a great idea that coun- "With all this in mind, you may see that abatement programs. However, where man's tries vied for the honor of helping build lt; we, the 70,000-member Sierra Club, the less immediate needs are adversely affected, the U.S. foremost among them.) The goals groups we work, and the critical publishing and the effects are widely disseminated and were electricity and year-round irrigation, project you see outlined at right, are not so hard to anticipate, little is being done. thus greater productivity. No one, including much proselytizing on behalf of Nature. In It is now necessary. therefore, to supple­ the U.S., thought much about certain side due course, Nature will take care of itself. ment the contributions of the market econ­ effects, which may ultimately prove the most "Our motives are more selfish, in fact. omy and the programs of many narrow important: They are on behalf of our very own lives and mission-oriented agencies with a third effort "Since the natural floods have been halt- the lives of our children who, we !eel, have which will concern itself with the quality of ed, life-giving nutrients that were "formerly not only the right to live but also the right widely shared extra-market values distrib­ delivered to the land and the Mediterranean to live in a world that maintains the natural uted throughout the entire biophysical en­ sea are now piling up in a reservoir above order enough to continue to !eel like home." vironment. As a first step toward organizing the dam, unusable. As the ad makes clear, Man is manipulat- such an effort, it is necessary that the state "As a result the Eastern Mediterranean ing his habitat with unprecedented speed of existing knowledge be improved. There sardine fishery is already doomed. and force, and in the process is creating a should be an institutional focus for drawing "As !or the land, the lack of nutrients, multitude of unintended results which de­ together environmental information about plus the water-logging caused by old irrlga- grade the shared environment on which all the consequences of projecting traditional tion, plus salinization, may actually decrease living things depend. Advancing technology, patterns, the emergence of new crises, the productivity. Newly irrigated lands have the the mobilization of growing capital re­ cost of perpetuating traditional programs same fate in store. sources, and the increasing size and skill of with unwanted side effects, and ways of de­ "A particular snall has begun to thrive units organized to manipulate the environ­ tecting unforeseen side effects that stem from in the warm irrigation canals. The snail ment are all creating an environmental technical innovations. hosts a worm which causes schistosomiasis, crisis. The crisis comes ln many forms: A Council of Environmental Advisors a debilltating, often fatal disease. In one (1) continuation of old patterns which would provide such a focal point. The Coun­ region around the dam, the incidence of this are no longer producing desirable results cil should be equipped to monitor and sur­ disease used to be 2%. It has now risen to but nightmarish predictions, such as the vey the environment so that it can discover 75%. unchecked growth of worldwide population; _ significant relationships and trends. Through "At Aswan, we may also see repeated the (2) emergence of new functional problems such discoveries and improved understand­ awful developments at Kartba Dam, East we are not organized to handle, such as solid ing and foresight, the Council should be in Africa. At Kariba, rafts of hyacinths and reeds waste disposal, and other basic problems of a position to recommend remedial and pre­ have spread over much of the reservoir's sur- concentrated urbanization: transportation, ventive action. face. It has been estimated that if this blight, and decay; In performing its function of surve1llance, growth should cover just 10% of the reservoir (3) insensitive pursuit of missions with there are certain problem patterns that it at Aswan, the plants could actually transpire heedless disregard for side effects which we should especially look for: incompatlbllities into the desert air enough water to stop alL . can anticipate but do not avoid. Traditional flow into the lower Nile. programs thus produce a continuing loss of between programs; abrupt changes in trends "Looking at the bright side again: In a prime farm land to urbanization, destruc­ or the pace of change; irreversible tendencies few centuries, the dam will fill up with silt, tion of wildlife habitat and the extinction in trends; large accumulations of small in­ and end its useful life. Then, the river will of species, disappearance of scientifically cremental changes; stockpiling of trace ele­ flow right over it, creating a huge, perhaps valuable natural areas, filling and dredging mentos; persistence of fugitive substances; lovely, waterfall. Tourists will enjoy the view. of productive estuaries, drainage of wet­ random interaction of substances and forces in a reinforcing, or synergistic, fashion; and "More improvements lands, obliteration of the land through strip­ mining, deforestation and soil erosion, water the loss of unique and irreplaceable places ••Engineers are improving things every­ and air pollution, ground water depletion, and things. where: saturation of irrigated land with salt, flood­ In analyzing the data thus derived, the "In Alaska, a $2 billion dam is proposed­ ing of valuable river bottoms, surrender of Council should attempt to relate the infor­ to bring power to non-existent industry­ more and more landscape to freeways, and mation it obtains in a comprehensive frame­ which would flood a wilderness and nesting defacement of the landscape by billboards, work. developing models of systems wherever region the size of Lake Erie. power lines, junkyards, open pits, and the possible. In this manner. it should discover "In Brazil, engineers propose an Amazon clutter produced by excessive laissez-faire. gaps in our knowledge and data which should dam that would flood a green area as big New programs are emerging, too, with detri­ be filled. The Council should enFLORIDA that the Council should not even be housed function. Senator Nelson's bill calls for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the Executive Omce of the President, but Council to submit recommendations for a should be an independent commission. While national program in four years. Similarly, an Wednesday, June 11, 1969 this possibility has some appeal, it is offset ambiguity surrounds the character of the re­ Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, let me call by the dlmculty such a commission might ports the Council is to make periodically to have in gaining cooperation from agencies Congress (and, incidentally, it is not clear attention to the important fact that the in the Executive branch and by the fact that whether these are to be annual or biennial consortium of governments and institu­ such a commission would have diiDculty in reports; cf. Sec. 202(c) of S. 1075 with Sec. tions interested in development assist­ attracting the attention of the President. 203) . The bill is exceedingly vague in setting ance to Pakistan met in Paris on May 19 While the President may not always have forth the frame of reference to be used in and 20, 1969, under the chairmanship of sumcient authority to implement the recom­ evaluating the status of environmental sys­ the World Bank. A summary of the meet­ mendations of the Council, his support will tems and the trends affecting them. ing was issued on May 20 and it pro­ always be important and it probably will be We understand that thought is now being vides interesting and useful information appropriate for him to act in more instances given to including a general statement of than any other body. policy in the legislation. We think inclusion on the economic progress of Pakistan, on The need to strike a balance between in­ of this additional element would be most future plans of the Government of Pakis­ dependence and influence with the Presi­ helpful. Inclusion of a policy statement tan, and on the needs for external aid dent raises the question of whether the mem­ would make it less necessary for the Council in the years immediately ahead. The se­ bers of the Council should serve at the itself to produce a general policy statement curity and the ·progress of Pakistan are pleasure of the President or should serve for to recommend to the President by some fixed important to the American people, and I staggered terms. By serving at the pleasure date in the future. A broad policy statement am glad to insert the interesting account of the President, the members presumably from Congress would give the Council direc­ will command his confidence, but they may tion from the outset, and would provide a of the consortium in the REcoRD: also be unduly circumspect in criticizing general goal for all federal programs. PAKISTAN CONSORTIUM programs of the administration. Moreover, Moreover, a policy statement would provide The following announcement was issued the Council would lack continuity through a yardstick by which to measure the data today at the World Bank's European OIDc& changes in administration. If the members gathered in the status and trend reports. By in Paris: of the Council, on the other hand, serve for having a policy framework for its analyti­ "The consortium of governments and in· short terms on a staggered schedule there cal work, the Council would be encouraged to stitutions interested in development assist­ would be continuity through changes in the surmount the danger of limiting itself to the ance to Pakistan met in Paris on May 19 and June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15489 20, 1969 under the chairmanship of the The Resolution establishing the Stars and broadly-worded speech yesterday ca.refully World Bank. The meeting was attended by Stripes has an interesting history. After the avoided mention of Czechoslovakia and was representatives of the Governments of Bel­ Declaration of Independence, colonial vessels not as strong as his earlier speeches opposing gium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan. were putting to sea to hamper enemy com­ attacks on China. the Netherlands, Sweden, the United King­ municat~ns and prey on British commerce. Ceau.sescu was lgnored by most speakers, dom and the United States. Sweden's attend­ Many of them fiew fia'ks of the Colonies to including Soviet party leader Leonid I. Brezh­ ance for the first time as a member of the which they belonged. It was necessary to pro­ nev, Poland's party chief Wladyslaw Go­ consortium was welcomed. The International vide an authorized national :flag under which mulka and East German President Walter Monetary Fund ~ent observers. they could sail, for England considered armed Ulbricht. "The purpose of the meeting was to review vessels without such a flag as pirate ships Conference sources said, however, the em­ the progress of economic development in Pak­ and hanged their crews when they captured barrassing problem of Czechoslovakia may istan and to consider Pakistan's aid require­ them. So the Marine Committee of the Sec­ be raised by several delegations which have ments for the fiscal year beginning July 1, ond Continental Congress presented the not yet spoken, including the Italians and 1969 and the terms on which aid should be Resolution. Belgians. made available. The Australian Communist party has pub- - "A delegation representing the Government Hcly condemned the Soviet-led invasion. of Pakistan, led by Mr. M. M. Ahmad, Deputy claiming it will have serious and long last­ Chairman, Planning Commission, was present DOUGLAS-MOSCOW AXIS ing effects on the international Communist to describe economic progr~ and aid re­ movement. quirements. Lorrie Aarons, the Australian party sec­ "Consortium members commended Pakis­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK retary, also criticized the continued pres­ tan's performance in the fact of difficult OF LOUISIANA ence in Czechoslovakia of Russian troops and problems of economic management. Despite declared that in his view proletarian inter­ the recent disturbances, economic gains in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESERTATIVES nationalism "cannot be identified with state the current year had been substantial-total Wednesday, June 11, 1969 interests of any Socialist country." output had increased by nearly 6%; agricul­ Aarons' remarks were ignored by Czecho­ tural production increased by about 5% with Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, from the slovakia's Party Secretary Gustav Husak, but a new record for the wheat crop in West International Communist Summit Con­ political observers said if a major Western Pakistan; industry had grown by more than ference in Moscow comes a summons for party, such as the Italians, raise the ques­ 8%; and expom by nearly 10%. progressive forces the world over to aid tion to block all discussion by announcing "The members heard with interest some the Red comrades in Vietnam by ob­ that it is a matter already settled by the of the measures and policy changes which structing American shipment of troops Czechoslovak party and the five fraternal the Government of Pakistan intends to adopt and supplies. parties that took part in the invasion. in preparing the annual plan for 1969-'70 and the Fourth Five Year Plan. The mem­ Strangely enough, the Moscow report bers particularly welcomed the Govern­ but reaffirms many of the unusual and ment's intentions to improve education and unorthodox stays and temporary re­ other social services; to give continued high straining orders-affecting the draft and SPffiiTUAL HEAD OF THE ARME­ priority to programs of family planning; to troop movements-which have already NIAN APOSTOLIC CHURCH MAK­ sustain and enlarge the success already been issued by Justice William 0. Doug­ ING A 3-MONTH TOUR OF THE achieved in agriculture; to promote the ful­ las on his own initiative. UNITED STATES ler utilization of existing industrial capac­ ity; and to mobllize ad:iitional domestic re­ I again call to the attention of our sources for development. colleagues that should the U.S. Supreme HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND "The members accepted that in the coming Court adjourn for the summer without OF llolASSACHUSETI'S year Pakistan could effectively use external Douglas' resignation, he will be at liberty IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aid on suitable terms from consortium mem­ until October to abuse the power of the bers totaling $500 million. It was also agreed Supreme Court to continue to do ex­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 that it would be desirable that about half actly as Moscow has ordered. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, I was of this amount should be provided in the If he does not resign-he must be re­ form of non-project assistance. Some mem­ privileged to be one of the Members bers were already in a position to indicate moved. of Congress invited by Vice President their contribution toward the aid required, I include a Moscow UPI clipping: AGNEW to a reception held this noon for others undertook to do so as soon as possible. [From the Evening Star, June 10, 1969] His Holiness Khoren I, Catholicos of the It was agreed that the terms on which aid REDS URGE OBSTRUCTION OF U .8. TROOPS, Armenian Holy See of Cilicia, Lebanon, 1s provided should take more fully into ac­ SUPPLIES spiritual head of the Armenian Apostolic count than in the past Pakistan's abll1ty to Moscow.-The world Communist Summit service external debt. Some members indi­ Church. cated. a move in this direction and it was Conference today unanimously condemned His Holiness, whose ecclesiastic rank what it called United. States "aggression" in is equivalent to that of Pope in the decided that this question should be studied Vietnam and urged Communists, workers and further by the con~ortlum." other "progressive forces" to obstruct Amer­ Roman Catholic Church, is making a 3- ican shipment of troops and supplies. month tour of the United States to The condemnation and appeal came in a strengthen ties among members of the resolution passed by the representatives of church's North American Diocese and to THE ORIGIN OF FLAG DAY 75 participating parties which also endorsed help raise funds for establishment of a the 10-point program of the National Liber­ National Prelacy Headquarters here. ation Front of South Vietnam, the political Catholicos Khoren's trip to the United HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE wing of the Viet Cong. The congress also proclaimed June 20 as States is a g·enuinely historic event-the OF MASSACHUSETTS "international day of solidarity with Viet­ first ever made to this country by a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nam." The date was selected to commemo­ Cilician Catholicos. Spiritual leader of Wednesday, June 11, 1969 rate the 1955 Geneva Accords on Indochina. more than 125,000 Americans, His Holi­ More speakers today blasted the Chinese ness will have visited 32 Armenian Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, we will Communist party, which has boycotted the Apostolic parishes throughout the Na­ very shortly be celebrating Flag Day by congress. tion by the time he completes his mis­ appropriate ceremonies in the Congress Diplomatic sources said the Soviet Union sion here. One of the parishes he has and throughout the country. I am, there­ had been able to turn the conference into already visited is St. Gregory's Armenian fore, pleased to include at this point a a platform for attacks on Mao Tse-tung. They noted that all major Communist Apostolic Church in Indian Orchard, very timely and instructive article on the leaders-with the exception o! Romania's Mass., a community in my congressional origin of Flag Day that appeared in the President Nlcolae Ceausescu-bitterly criti­ district. His Holiness arrived at the June 12, 1969, issue of the Machinist, an cized the Mao regime and branded it "anti­ church June 3 to bless bread and salt, a outstanding periodical published by the Socialist." traditional gesture in the Armenian International Association of Machinists The criticism did not amount to a formal Chuch symbolizing welcome, hospitality, and Aerospace Workers. excommunication of China from the ranks and friendship. After ceremonies at St. The article follows: of world communism. But the attacks still were far harsher than most observers had Gregory's-a strikingly handsome build­ FLAG DAY expected could be allowed without the ap­ ing, newly rebuilt after a :fire left it in June 14 is Flag Day, the anniversary of a pearance of a major rift in the conference. ruins 3 years ago-Catholicos Khoren resolution passed by Congress on June 14, Ceausescu restated his opposition to con­ was honored at an afternoon reception, 1777, establishing a red, white and blue flag. tinued criticism of China, but his calm, and, later that day, at a dinner. His stop 15490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 in Indian Orchard was arranged by Mrs. GILBERT GUDE, ROBERT MATHIAS, CHARLES and hospitality, a wish for longevity and un­ Andon Meregian, Mrs. Allis Meyer, Mrs. WIGGINS, RoBERT TIERNAN and myself. breakable friendship. Harry Soukiasian, Oarnis Piligian, Ar­ Um.:e:;.- unanimous consent I submit The 54-year-old Catholicos was bearded thur Aykanian and Popken Kachigian­ and wore a peaked mantle. He carried a long a copy of the letter inviting me to take scepter with a gold handle and wore three all parishioners in the 120-member part in the reception held for Catholics gold and silver medallions around his neck. church. Khoren by St. Gregory's Church in In­ He was franked by Archbishop Hrant Speaking briefly and eloquently at to­ dian Orchard, a copy of my responding Khatchadourian, prelate of the Armenian day's reception in the Capitol, Catholicos telegram, and a copy of a Springfield, Apostolic Church of America, which has Khoren spoke of the struggle for free­ Mass., Union article describing His Holi­ headquarters in New York City, and by Arch­ dom around the world: ness' trip to Springfield for inclusion in bishop Sahag Ayvazian, prelate of the Ar­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, as follOWS: menian Church of Greece. Although I am from the distant Middle St. Gregory pastor Rev. Sahag Andekian East, I am well aware of the greatness of ST. GREGORY ARMENIAN APOSTOLIC joined the trio for a brief service inside the the United States and the advantages it CHURCH, newly rebuilt church during which the holds out to the oppressed who migrate here Indian Orchard, Mass., May 14, 1969. Catholicos praised the congregation for for safety and dignity. I have always ex­ Hon. EDWARD P. BOLAND, building the $250,000 church. Speaking in pressed myself as a friend of freedom and U.S. House of Representatives, Armenian, congregation members said later I am dedicated to the proposition that all Washington, D.C. that the Catholicos wa.s particularly im­ men are born equal. We Armenians have DEAR CONGRESSMAN: On April 10th His pressed because the St. Gregory congregation given our share of martyrs in the struggle Holiness Khoren I Catholics of the Arme­ is one of the smallest of the 32 parishes he for freedom and we see that our nation is nian Holy See of Cilicia Lebanon arrived in will visit in America. continuing its struggle for liberty. We are America with a dual mission of strengthen­ St. Gregory's had been destroyed by fire convinced that the powerful nations of ing the ties with the Armenians ~ough­ in 1966 but wa.s rebuilt as a replica Of the the world shall do everything possible to out the North American diocese and spear­ first Armenian Christian churches and re­ re-effect the freedom of smaller nations. I heading a fund raising program for the es­ consecrated last year. thank the United States for its championship tablishment of a national prelacy headquar­ The holy father also said the United States of self-determination and I bless this great ters in this country. is the only country able to lead the world nation. The visit is the first made to this country to peace, parishioners said. by a Cilician Catholicos, and his busy sched­ Vice President AGNEW, host for today's Following ceremonies at the church, the ule will take him to every major Armenian holy father greeted Mayor Freedman and reception, described His Holiness as "a community. Included in the three month other dignitaries at the Holiday Inn. distinguished champion of the free way tour of member churches will be a visit to He was honored at a banquet at Oxford of life, a great church leader who has St. Gregory's Armenian Apostolic Church. Country Club, Chicopee Tuesday night. always expressed his admiration for the On Tuesday, June 3rd, His Holiness will His stop in Springfield was arranged by United States." be the guest of honor at a reception to be Mrs. Andon Meregian, Mrs. Allis Meyer and Among those taking part in the recep­ held at the Holiday Inn between 5:30 and Mrs. Harry Soukiasian. Others involved were 7: oo p.m., followed by a banquet at the Carnig PUigian, Arthur Aykanian and Pop­ tion were Archbishop H. Kachadourian, Oxford Country Club, Chicbpee. ken Hachigian. Prelate of the Armenian Apostolic We cordially invite you to join with other Church in North America; ArchbishopS. dignitaries to meet His Holiness and share AyVazian, Prelate of the Greek Church; this memorable occasion with us. George Mardikian, honorary chairman We would appreciate your letting us know of the reception committee; Tatul Papa­ if your schedule will permit you to attend MILITARY WIFE OF THE YEAR zian, chairman of the Central Commit­ the reception and banquet. We look forward to seeing you on June tee of the Armenian Revolutionary Fed­ 3rd. HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN eration; Dr. H. Abrahamian, Washing­ Sincerely yours, OF MASSACHUSETTS ton, D.C., representative of the Armenian CARNIG PILIGIAN, National Committee; Attorney Milton Chairman. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Gelenian, chairman of the board of trus­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 tees of Holy Cross Armenian Apostolic Mr. CARNIG PILIGIAN, Church here in Washington; J. Hara­ Chairman, St. Gregory Armenian Apostolic Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I would tunian, chairman of the Washington re­ Church, Indian Orchard, Mass.: like to bring to the attention of the Deeply regret congressional business keeps House and the American people a most ception committee; M. Haratunian, me in Washington. Permit me by way of this chairman of the National Steering Com­ worthwhile activity which has made sig­ wire to join with the people of St. Greg­ nificant contributions toward the im­ mittee for Catholicos Khoren's tour, At­ ory's church in honoring his Holiness torney Robert Kaloosdian, representative Khoren I Catholics of the Armenian See provement of people-to-people relations of the Armenian Youth Federation; on his visit to our community. between the military and civilian com­ James Keshishian, chairman of local ar­ His presence in the United States will munities in the Nation and in many rangements for His Holiness' visit; Dr. indeed strengthen the tire among Arme­ foreign lands. John Manuelian, personal physician to nians throughout this country. I congratu­ This is the Military Wife of the Year late St. Gregory's parishioners for their re­ program, sponsored by Mr. Wilson Har­ His Holiness; Y. Melikian, member of the ception to his Holiness. Prelacy Council; L. Palian, the Catho­ rell, chairman of the board and presi­ I have been invited and have accepted an dent of Harrell's International of West­ licos' official interpreter; J. Tashjian, invitation by Vice President Agnew to meet Secretary of the Armenian National with his Holiness on June 11th. port, Conn., in cooperation with Art Committee, and J. Dur Hovanesian, EDWARD P. BOLAND, Linkletter, as a tribute to the wives of member of the Armenian National Member of Congress. our dedicated men in the Armed Forces. Committee. This year's program resulted in the [From the Springfield, (Mass.) Union, selection of the third Military Wife of Members of Congress invited to the June 4, 1969 J reception-all of whom represent signifi­ the Year and as in past years since the cant numbers of Armenian Apostolic ARMENIAN PRELATE VISITS I.O. CHURCH nomination of the first military wife in Church members--were Senators EVER­ Draped in long black and purple robes, 1967, the winner was awarded a special ETT DIRKSEN, JOHN PASTORE, HUGH SCOTT, Catholics Khoren I of the Armenian Holy plaque at a formal dinner held in Wash­ See of Cilicia in Lebanon came to Springfield ington and will appear during the year CLAIBORNE PELL, JOSEPH TYDINGS, RoB­ Tuesday as part of a three-month tour of ERT GRIFFIN, CHARLES MATHIAS, and on Art Linkletter shows in the United America. States and at overseas bases. RICHARD SCHWEIKER; Congressmen His rank is the equivalent of Pope in ·the PHILIP PHILBIN, THOMAS MORGAN, HAROLD Roman Catholic Church. Catholicos Khoren This year's Military Wife of the Year, DONOHUE, PETER FRELINGHUYSEN, I is the spiritual leader of 125,000 Americans, selected by a distinguished panel of THOMAS O'NEILL, WILLIAM MAILLIARD, B. including 120 members of St. Gregory's Ar­ wives of our ranking military command­ menian Apostolic Church on Goodwin Street, ers, is Mrs. Edrel A. Coleman, the wife F. SISK, MARTHA GRIFFITHS, WILLIAM Indian Orchard. BROOMFIELD, EDWARD DERWINSKI, CORNE­ of Maj. Victor S. Coleman, Chaplain STOPPED AT CHURCH Corps, and one of five finalists among LIUS GALLAGHER, OTIS PIKE, JAMES GRO­ His holiness stopped at the church at 4 nominees from all parts of the world. VER, ROBERT McCLORY, JOHN WYDLER, p.m. Tuesday to bless bread and salt, a tra­ The selection panel included Mrs. LESTER WOLFF, WILLIAM GREEN, JEROME ditional gesture in the Armenian church Bruce Palmer, Jr., wife of the Army Vice WALDIE, JOSHUA EILBERG, MARVIN ESCH, since biblical times. It symbolized welcome Chief of Staff, representing Mrs. Wil- June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15491 llam C. Westmoreland, wife of the Army mittees in the women's organizations in the ing of Christmas-by giving. The monetary Chief of Staff; Mrs. Thomas H. Moorer, civilian and the military churches. value was $150.00. KFAR-TV station featured. wife of the Chief of Naval Operations; Edrel served as advisor at Youth Confer­ the class having the Christmas Party for the Mrs. John P. McConnell, wife of the Air ences for three years in Germany, attending needy children on their program, "Big SO". six Retreat Conferences, either as a delegate Ed.rel's concern reaches out to all youth. Force Chief of Staff; Mrs. Leonard F. or advisor, at Bertchesgaden, Germany. Her Being aware of Alaska's growing needs, she Chapman, Jr., wife of the Commandant interest in the "older people and the young wrote fifteen lettert; to the Legislature, in the of the Marine Corps, and Mrs. Willard people" balance each other. She has been in­ spring of 1968, urging them to adopt certain J. Smith, wife of the Commandant of the strumental in organizing entertainment and bills dealing with youth and education in Coast Guard. programs as well as for food and clothing for Alaska. Other finalists were Mrs. Lois Smee, both the orphanages and Old Peoples' Homes, In view of Edrel's concern and positive ac­ wife of Lt. Col. James C. Smee, USA; and ha-s been responsible in finding Christian tion on behalf of the youth of today, it will homes for orphans. come as no surprise to anyone that she was Mrs. Carol White, wife of Comdr. Rod­ Edrel served as Chairman of Welfare in the named Mother of the Year, 1969, for the rick White, USCG; Mrs. Madeline Leo­ Officers' Wives Club, working directly with State of Alaska. lar Berkenpas, wife of Lt. Col. Nephi the Schweinfurt's Welfare Director. She was Berkenpas, USAF; and Mrs. Alta Sawyer, Hostess Chairman in the German-American wife of S .. Sgt. Edward A. Sawyer, USA. Club, and further helped create good rela­ The Military Wife of the Year pro­ tions between Americans and Germans by PRESS GAZETTE OF GREEN BAY, gram has as objective the focusing of studying their language, by belonging to WISCONSIN, ENDORSES IDEA OF their Women's Clubs and by visiting in their public attention on the role of the mili­ homes and entertaining them in hers. MASSIVE WATER POLLUTION tary community in building friendships During this time, Edrel also organized and CONTROL EFFORT BY CORPS OF throughout the world through the se­ directed a ten week summer program for Inll­ ENGINEERS lection of a representative service wife itary dependent Junior and Senior High from one of the major U.S. commands School girls. Classes included sewing, cook­ or districts. Candidates from the desig­ ing, charm, and swimming. HON. HENRYS. REUSS nated theater are nominated by their At Fort Benning, Georgia, Edrel, again OF WISCONSIN own military community clubs, usually, showing her concern for youth, served as Red IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cross counselor for Junior High girls. but not limited to, the officers' or NCO Edrel has been active in Little Theater, and Wednesday, June 11, 1969 wives' clubs at installations throughout while at Maxwell Air Force Base Elementary Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, in a May 27, the theater. School, she organized and directed the Drama The nominees are evaluated on the Club at that Base, writing most of the scripts. 1969, editorial, the Press Gazette of basis of their active interest in local Since arriving at Fort Wainwright, where Green Bay, Wis., points out the bind that community and civic affairs and tneir she is a full time teacher in addition to being communities in Wisconsin and all across singular contributions toward improv­ a homemaker. Edrel still finds time to do the Nation find themselves in because the much civic work in the Fairbanks commu­ Federal Government has defaulted on its ing people-to-people relations between nity as well as on post. She has organized share of water pollution control funds, the military and civilian communities. prayer groups; a Religious Book Review and goes on to say that a massive sewer­ The Military Wife of the Year for Guild; and is a staff member of the Officers' age treatment program by the Corps of 1969, Mrs. Edrel A. Coleman, illustrates Wives Club monthly publication, "The Wain­ the highly selective criteria and I am writei'," writing a monthly column entitled Engineers would be helpful in closing the inserting in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD "Patterns for Living". gap between what is needed and what is background material which outlines her She has adopted and supports a Korean actually being done to control pollution. many contributions in behalf of hu­ son through the Children's Christian Fund, The text of the editorial follows: and contributes regularly to the educational PORK BARREL MONEY To FIGHT POLLUTION manity, democracy, and freedom. tuition of a girl in India. I commend and salute this year's fi­ Rep. HenryS. Reuss of Milwaukee has in­ Edrel is the Assistant Director of the Miss troduced a bill which could provide for a nalists and congratulate Mrs. Coleman Greater Fairbanks Scholarship Pageant and massive assault on the water pollution prob­ and her lovely family upon this well has served as Hostess Chairman. lems plaguing the nation and, at the same deserved award, and extend them best She is an active member of the Alaska time, help the Army Corps of Engineers get wishes for continued success, happiness, State Board of Directors of the American rid of the black-hatted bad guy image and well-being for many years to come. Cancer Society, serving on the Education bestowed on the corps with increasing regu­ The material follows: Committee. Edrel also is an active member larity of late by conservation interests of the Executive Board of Directors for the . throughout the country. EDREL A. COLEMAN, 1969 MILITARY WIFE OF Fairbanks unit of the American Cancer So­ The Reuss bill would authorize the Army THE YEAR ciety, serving as secretary. engineers to build systems, with 100 per cent In an age of non-involvement, when so Edrel has always been active in working federal financing, to solve the combined many people protest, demonstrate, and rail with the youth. Today's children are no ex­ storm and sanitary sewer problems in large against everything not meeting their ap­ ception. She has a grave concern for "today's cities which cause large quantities of un­ proval rather than helping find a workable children in tomorrow's world". Because of treated wastes to be flushed into waterways solution, it is a rare privilege to know Edrel her concern she has organized a club called during periods of heavy rain. The corps also Annette Coleman, who has indeed helped HELP DAN (Help Educate Little People about would be authorized to do research, devel­ rather than hindered the American com­ the abuse of Drugs-Alcohol-Narcotics). Her opment and construction in new methods of munity, civillan and military, in this coun­ fervent hope of HELP DAN becoining a na­ sewage disposal. try and abroad, in concrete ways. tiona.I organization is beginning to come to Reuss, chairman of the Conservation and Born the second child in a family of eight life. It has gained some national publicity Natural Resources Subcommittee of the children during the depression, Edrel grew already by being featured in the Scientific House Committee on Government Opera­ up knowing what "working for what you Temperance Journal. HELP DAN members tions, points out that the underfunded Fed­ get" means. have received letters of commendation from eral Water Pollution Control Program can Edrel married a young minister after one such personalities as Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Di­ offer a .mere $214 million in actual budget year of college. Being interested in educa­ rector of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, requests out of the $1 billion originally au­ tion and having a desire to help others, she and Dr. Philip Blaiberg of Capetown, Africa, thorized for fiscal 1970 to aid local sewage gained her other three years of college by who is the world's longest living heart trans­ disposal projects. He feels the massive re­ attending night school and summer school, plant patient. At present, the National Edu­ sources of the Army engineers could help graduating from Kansas State University in cation Association is studying material on close this gap. Elementary Education. HELP DAN with a view of publishing this "Instead of putting all its resources and Edrel has taught school 16 years, in six material in their magazine. Edrel has ap­ skilled manpower into increasingly marginal different states and two countries. Over 1,100 peared on the local TV and before local navigation, flood control and power projects, children have been in her classes. Today groups telling them about HELP DAN. A let us turn the corps loose on building the she is stlll in touch with many of her former reading "An Alcoholic'S Forgotten Son", sewerage systems and waste disposal plants pupils, many of whom are doctors, lawyers, written by Edrel was featured on TV by one which the nation so desperately needs if we ministers, teachers, and successful business­ of her pupils. are ever to enjoy clean water again,'' Reuss men. This past Christmas Edrel's 6th grade argues. She began teaching Sunday School at the pupils gave gifts to 26 needy children in the No one has to remind Wisconsin that the age of 16. She served as president of the Fairbanks community instead of exchanging promise of massive federal aid for water pol­ Methodist Youth Fellowship in her local names with ea.ch other. Names were secured lution control simply has not been material­ church and as president of the district, and from the Heart to Heart Program. The 26 izing. The voters of the state pledged them­ has served as president, secretary, treasurer, pupils had the most blessed Christmas they selves to an all-out battle to save our waters and has been chairman of different com- had ever had. They learned the real mean- when they overwheiiningly approved the pol- 15492 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 lution control portion of the ORAP-200 bond­ It happened yesterday, when a ball park Selkirk, Mickey's minor-league managers ...• ing program in April. A massive sewerage full of people throbbed with love for one Yogi Berra (who flew in from San Diego) and treatment program by the Corps of Engi­ man, when Mantle's uniform No. 7 was offi­ Ralph Houk, two of Mantle's managers .• neers would prove helpful in Wisconsin and cially retired by the New York Yankees, when Tom Greenwade, who signed Mantle ... plus it could prove even more vital in states where former team-mates and bosses came to honor 12 team-mates from the pennant years: Ed the public has yet to take the initiative in the man who retired last March 1 after 18 Lopat (1951) Gene Woodling ('52), Joe Col­ the pollution control field. seasons. lins ('53), Phil Rizzuto ('55), Jerry Coleman For years, the Corps of Engineers work pro­ They stood and cheered when Mel Allen ('56), Gil McDougald ('57), Whitey Ford gram has been almost synonymous with the -a voice from the past-called Mantle out ('58), Bobby Richardson ('60), Elston Howard pork barrel as any attempts at budget trim­ of the Yankee dugout. They cheered so long ('61), Tom Tresh ('62), Joe Pepitone ('63) ming run afoul of pet local projects such as that Michael Burke, the new-look president and Mel Stottlemyre ( '64) . . . Mantle also canals and, especially, dams. The wisdom of the Yankees, tried to get them to stop. presented DiMaggio with a. plaque, to hang and necessity of some of these projects is And they cheered even louder when Mantle alongside Mantle's in center field. "Maybe a open to question, especially by conservation­ raised his hands to quiet them. They had little higher than mine," Mantle suggested. ists who struggle to preserve the nation's bought their tickets to pour out their love dwindling system of wild rivers and .accuse and they did not want to stop. SIXTY THOUSAND FANS ROAR FAREWELL TO the engineers of building dams for dams' SPEECH STIRS YANKEE MEMORIES sake only, plus the political monuments MICKEY MANTLE AT YANKEE STADIUM But finally the crowd gave in, politely, and (By Dick Young) which are also created. Joe DiMaggio presented a plaque to Mantle If Corps of Engineers money must be spent and Whitey Ford presented a uniform to The No. 7 pin-stripe uniform, never to be on projects back home, the construction of Mantle. Then it was time for Mantle to speak, worn again, had been folded and handed to sewerage treatment facilities to stem the after another long cheer. Mickey Mantle in the middle of the infield. growth of pollution would seem more practi­ "When I walked into the Stadium 18 The speeches were done, the cheers had died, cal than many existing projects. years ago," Mantle began, "I guess I felt the and in the press room the newsmen and TV Rep. Reuss probably has overshot the mark same way I feel now. I can't describe it. I just interviewers took their turns at pumping by suggesting that there could be 100 per want to say that playing 18 years in Yankee Mickey Mantle. What do you ask Mickey Man­ cent federal financing of the anti-pollution Stadium for you folks is the best thing that tle that hasn't been asked before? projects he is talking about, but he has could ever happen to a ballplayer. Now hav­ "Who was . better? Mantle or Mays?" said made an important contribution to the grow­ ing my number join 3, 4, and 5 kind of tops Sal Marchiano of CBS. ing discussion for the nation to define its everything. I had heard that question a million times; priorities according to need and fiscal abil­ "I never knew how a man who was going in bars, in offices, in the mall that comes ity. The Reuss bill deserves some careful to die [Lou Gehrig] could say he was the each day, asking you to settle a. bet. But no­ consideration. luckiest man in the world. But now I can body had ever asked it of Mickey Mantle, not understand. that I know of. "This is a great day for my wife, my four THE ANSWER CAME QUICKLY, WITH SINCERITY boys and my family. I just wish my father "Willie Mays is better," said Mickey Mantle. SIXTY THOUSAND FANS ROAR could have been here. I'll never forget this. The answer came quickly, with a. smile, with FAREWELL TO MICKEY MANTLE Thank you all. God bless you and thank you sincerity, and with explanation. "He's play­ very mu-ch." ing longer," said Mickey Mantle. "He has a. The fans understood Mantle's reference great record." HON. JOHN M. MURPHY to the earlier retirements of the numbers of Again the bright smile, and Mickey Mantle OF NEW YORK Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig and Joe DiMaggio. They remembered that Gehrig had once said: "I don't mind being second to W1llie. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stood in the center of Yankee Stadium­ If I'm second to Willie, I'm pretty good." That should settle a few thousand argu­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 dying of paralysis--and had said he was the luckiest man in the world. And the fans ments, or does it? It is interesting to hear Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. remembered that Mutt Mantle had died soon Mantle say it, yet if you were to put the Speaker, on Sunday, June 8, 1969, after Mickey's rookie season in 1951. same question to Willie Mays, you'd probably at Yankee Stadium, 61,157 hearts But the mood of the day was not gloomy. hear him say, Mickey is better. 7 Mantle-often withdrawn in the face of One thing both men seem agreed on: the throbbed for Mickey Mantle as No. greatest ballplayer they ever saw was Joe joined Nos. 3, 4, and 5 in retirement. adulation-was equal to this moment. As he toured the ball park in a golf cart, he waved DiMaggio. Mickey Mantle said it Sunday, said The fans poured out their hearts to fans in every section and every deck. A few it to the 60,000 people as he exchanged while :flags flew and old Yankee heroes men and one pretty girl even jumped on the plaques and mutual admiration with DiMag. marched to center stage to see field. "He has always been my idol," said Mick. "I Mickey Mantle immortalized after 18 Then it ended and the contemporary Yan­ didn't see Ruth or Gehrig. The best all-round gifted and thrilling years in Yankee pin­ kees took over. But down in the press room player I ever saw was Joe Dee." stripes. The retirement of No. 7, along Mantle shucked his jacket and the com­ I can remember Willie Mays saying the with the already enshrined numbers of mandeered a cool can of beer and described same thing. It was five years or so ago. Willie Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Joe DiMag­ his feelings. Mays was rushing up on 35, and that's the "That last ride around the park," he said. time they start asking you questions about gio, was more than just a tribute to a "That gave me goose pimples. But I didn't when you're going to quit. superstar. Mickey Mantle was indeed a cry. I felt like it. Maybe tonight, when I go "I'm a better player now than I ever was," superb athlete and a great ballplayer. to bed, I'll think about it. said Willie Mays, and when you asked him But he was, and is, more. He rose from "I wish that could happen to every man in how he figured that, he told a. story: the heartlands of this Nation, overcom­ America. I think the fans know how much "When I was a kid, I'd watch Joe DiMaggio ing crippling injuries, to win the hearts I think about them-all over the country. play, and I'd say to myself, if I can ever do of sport fans everywhere. Two brilliant It was the most nervous I've ever been-but things as easy as he does them, I'll know I'm New York sportswriters, George Vecsey the biggest thrill. a. good ballplayer. All my life, all those "The thing I miss the most is being around catches I've been making and everything, of the New York Times and Dick Young the clubhouse," he said. "Not the way I they were hard for me. Now, I'm starting to of the New York Daily News, have glow­ played the last four years-that wasn't fun. do things easy, the way Joe did them. That's ingly recorded the touching farewell to I've got some guys on this team that are how I know. He was the greatest because he Mickey Mantle. Another tribute, to an­ almost like brothers to me-Pepi, Tresh, could do everything so easy." other great centerfielder who will always Stottlemyre. I'm probably their biggest fan. BLUSTERY FIGURE BURSTS INTO PRESSROOM remain close to the hearts of New York First thing I do every morning is pick up the paper and see how they did. While Mickey Mantle was talking to news­ fans-Willie Mays-was also proposed men, a blustery figure burst into the press by Mr. Young in his column. I second the "But I'm busy. For a retired man, I get around. I travel to openings of my restau­ room. "Tell them," said Toots Shor, "what motion. Under leave to extend my re­ rants and my clothing stores. I play golf you did to Philadelphia Jack O'Brien." marks in the RECORD, I include their re­ and-say, did they tell you I'll be working Mickey Mantle grinned and shook his ports: with the Yankees every spring?" hand. "Why didn't you jump out of the As 61,157 llEAR.TS HERE THROB FOR MANTLE They had, Mantle will help out every spring stands and kiss me?" said Mantle. No. 7 JOINS 3, 4, AND 5 IN RETIREMENT at training camp, wearing No. 7. But in Most of the 60,000 felt like doing some­ thing of that sort when, as a final, perfect (By George Vecsey) Yankee Stadium, that number will be seen only in the display case and once a year at touch, Mickey Mantle was driven the per­ Mickey Mantle said, "I wish this could Old-Timers Day. imeter of the field in a motor cart, replete happen to every man in America." But that with a nicely-contrived MM 7 license plate. would not be possible. Only a Mickey Mantle GUESTS FROM MANTLE ERA Mickey waved his way around Yankee Stad­ could ever know the feeling of standing in Mel Allen was joined by other men from ium to the pulsating roar of the throng. the middle of Yankee Stadium and hearing Yankee history. George Weiss, the former Everybody waved back, and one girl in the 61 ,157 persons cheer him for eight minutes. general manager . . . Harry Craft and George leftfield corner jumped out and grabbed his June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15493 hand for a moment, and she probably won't South Vietnam is a grim reminder that the The Office of War Information and the wash until they make her. same form of mass murder was committed by Federal Communications Commission even. And now the tumult and the shouting and the Communists against our Polish allies in went so far as to silence foreign language the adulation is done. . the Katyn Forest in the Soviet Union at the broadcasters after these commentators re­ "I'm a better player now than I ever was," start of World War II. ported facts that pointed to Communist guilt said Willie Mays, "I'm learning to be a busi­ Sen. Roman C. Pucinski (D-Ill.), who was in the Katyn massacre. Stations broadcast­ nessman," said Mickey Mantle as he spoke chief investigator of the House Select Com­ ing in Russian, Polish, Czech, Croat and with newsmen of his plans. "I'm involved mittee on Communist Aggression which in other languages had to defer to the gag be­ With two franchise operations." One is 1952 investigated the Katyn Forest Massacre, cause of the FCC's control over renewal of Mickey Mantle's Country Cookin', a string of said in a House speech that he is struck by radio llcenses. family-style restaurants; the other is Mickey "the tragic similarity between the methods Had the American people known in time Mantle's Men's Shops, featuring suits and used by the Communists in the Katyn Forest the full facts about the Katyn Forest mas­ sportswear. in 1940, and the methods and techniques sacre, the course of U.S. diplomacy in the As Mantle explained these things, he used by the Communists against the South post war period might have been d.ifierent. pointed to Til Ferdenzl, who covered the Vietnamese in Hue." Today, the President has the opportunity to Yankees until a few years ago, and who has A reading of the Committee's testimony look at these mass graves in Hue, and mar­ since entered the advertising field. showed that the victims at Katyn, as in Hue, shall the forces of indignation against this "That's one of our suits," said Mickey were killed With a single shot in the back of form of genocide. Mantle. It was a trim olive garment, con­ their heads while their hands were tied be­ The Hue massacre makes it clear that any servative yet stylish. Mantle smiled. "We hind their backs. They were pushed into settlement of the Vietnamese war should en­ have the same thing in your size, Toots, if mass graves, in some cases while they were sure that the South Vietnamese be unequiv­ you're interested," he said. still alive. Young American soldiers too were ocably the ma~ters of their own destiny as a murdered in this way in North Korea during WHEN MAYS QUITS THERE MUST BE A N.Y. PARTY , free people. the Korean war. Some day, not too long from now, the In referring to the mass executions at Hue, people of S.an Francisco will fill Candlestick what he called "the whole business of Park to wave good-bye to No. 24. Regardless Katynism," Rep. Pucinskl predicted omi­ FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL of what the Giants do in San Francisco when nously that these systematic massacres will COMMITTEE ON TAX JUSTICE Willie Mays' time comes to retire, there must be the order of the day in South Vietnam if HEADED BY SENATOR PAUL be a party here. The Polo Grounds is gone, the Communists should emerge victorious. DOUGLAS but Shea Stadium is available, and after all, The bizarre discovery of the mass graves it's a piece of New York, his New York, and near Hue was made by two South Vietna­ Mrs. Payson, like a lot of people, rooted for mese Army noncoms, who were captured by WilUe Mays long before anybody dreamed of the Vietcong during the 1968 Tet offensive. HON. CHARLES A. YANIK the Mets. The two noncoms, Sergeant Chau and Corpo­ oF omo ral Dol, managed to escape and thus were able IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to lead South Vietnamese authorities to the HUE SLAUGHTER IS A REMINDER graves. Diggings are now underway and to Wednesday, June 11, 1969 OFKATYN date as many as 350 victims, men and Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, it is with women, have been dug up for identification ·and proper burial. Cpl. Dol said there are great pleasure that. I take note of the HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI additional mass graves along the seashore. formation today of the National Com­ OF ILLINOIS Local authorities are proceeding to investi­ mittee on Tax Justice headed by former gate them. Senator Paul Douglas joined by a bi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The 15,000 Army Reserve officers who were partisan group of distinguished Amer­ Wednesday, June 11, 1969 massacred in the Katyn Forest were Polish icans. lawyers, educators, doctors, ministers and The National Committee on Tax Jus­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Edith businessmen. These were, for the most part, Kermit Roosevelt recently wrote a col- the intelligentsia, the people, who would tice has as its worthwhile goal elimina­ -wnn which was distributed by her syndi­ have led the resistance to Communist ag­ tion of major sources of tax injustices cate across the country showing the dra­ gression. The Communist troops methodi­ in America through a significant pro­ matic similarity between the mass mur­ cally picked Poland's intellectual leaders and gram of tax reform. ders by the Communists against South imprisoned them when the USSR invaded As I have indicated for many years Vietnamese discovered near the village of Poland on Sept. 17, 1939, so they would not in this House, a quality of a civilization be around when the Reds overwhelmed Po­ can be determined by the justice of its Hue, and similar mass atrocities commit­ land and destroyed her free institutions. ted by the Communists against Polish In South Vietnam too, leaders of the re­ system of taxation. The work being pur­ Army officers in World War II at Katyn. sistance are being singled out for murder. sued by the Congress to reform our sys­ Miss Roosevelt has performed a no­ The discovery of the mass graves at Hue is tem of taxation this year can make this table public service to the cause of free­ dramatic evidence that the Communists have session of Congress among the most im­ dom and human dignity in this excellent on their drawing boards the blueprint for portant in the history of our Nation. recitation and the indisputable fact that another Communist cordon sanitaire of cap­ The important work this new National nothing has really changed in the tive nations in Southeast Asia, identical to Committee on Tax Justice can do is to the cordon sanitaire of captive nations that keep the American public informed on method of atrocities committed by the now remain in Soviet bondage in East Cen­ Communists. tral Europe. this great task of tax reform to assure It shows further the indisputable role Yet the past has failed to warn us. Govern­ that the job is well done. that the Soviet Union is playing in the ment spokesmen have treated the Hue dis­ I extend my congratulations and good aggression by North Vietnam against the coveries with meager attention. The New wishes to each of the members of this people of South Vietnam. York intellectual community which plays National Committee on Tax Justice and The identical techniques used by Soviet such a dominant role in forming public opin­ pledge my time and effort toward achiev­ ion is curiously silent. We have the right to ing the goals which we commonly seek soldiers in destroying 15,000 Polish Army ask where are the voices of the great de­ officers in Katyn are now being used fenders of human dignity in denouncing to attain. I wish to insert at this point again by Communist soldiers in South these brutal mass atrocities? in the REcORD information on the Na­ Vietnam. The same conspiracy of silence took place tional Committee on Tax Justice and It would be my hope that Miss Roose­ in 1940, when the Polish government in the list of the founding members of the velt's penetrating column would get the exile tried to sound the alarm about Katyn. committee. It is my understanding that widest distribution. I hope those who The Washington Administration and the additional committee members will be have been calling for wide concessions to collaborators outside government allowed the announced at a later date. Soviets to Win propaganda victories from The release and membership list are the Communists in Vietnam would study their false charge that the Nazis were re­ this column to see the futility in trying sponsible for the horrible crime. as follows: to deal with the Communists. In 1945 an American officer, Col. John H. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON TAX JUSTICE FORMs­ Miss Roosevelt's column follows: Van Vliet, Jr., who had visited the scene of FIVE POINT PROGRAM OF REFORMS INCLUDES the graves, submitted a documented report CLOSING OF LoOPHOLES, HELP FOR POOR AND (From the Tallahassee (Fla.) Democrat, MIDDLE INCOME FAMILIES Apr. 25, 1969) on the Katyn massacres to the head of Army Intelllgence (G-2), Gen. Clayton Bissell. The National Committee on Tax Justice, a HUE SLAUGHTER Is A REMINDER OF KATYN Concerning the fate of that report, the new organization dedicated to prompt and (By Edith Kermit Roosevelt) House Select Committee on Communist Ag­ meaningful Federal income tax reform, today WASHINGTON.-The recent discovery of gression stated, "The Van Vliet report was called for a five-point tax reform package. mass graves shoWing Communist atrocities either removed or purposely destroyed in These reforms would provide equity to tax­ against South Vietnamese citizens near Hue, ·Army Intelligence (G-2) ." payers, relieve the tax burden on low and 15494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 middle income families, and provide new Shoreham Building, 806 15th Street, N.W., CONS III 0'110NAL CONVENTION funds for the Federal government. Washington, D.C. 20005. A committee o! dis· COULD CREATE PROBLEMS At its o~ganizational meeting here today, tinguished economists serves as the com­ the Comnnttee named former Dlinois Senator mittee's technical tubcommlttee. Paul H. Douglas as its chairman and called HON. JOE L. EVINS FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL for swift enactment by the Congress of the OF TENNESSEE following program: COMMITTEE ON TAX JUSTICE 1. Eliminate preferential treatment of all The Honorable Ivan Allen, Mayor of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capital gains. City of Atlanta, City Hall, Atlanta, Ga.. Wednesday, June 11, 1969 "This one step would also eliminate the Mr. Peter Bommarito, President, United single greatest source of both Inequity and Rubber, Cork, Linoleum and Plastic Workers Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, complexity in the existing tax system," the of America, 87 South High Street, Akron, Dean Manion in his publication Manion committee said. Ohio 44308. Forum recently discussed the possibllity 2. Eliminate special deductions for deple­ Mr. Harvey Brazer, University of Michigan, of a national constitutional convention tion of oil and other minerals beyond the Ann Arbor, Mich. and many of the ramifications of this cost of the mineral property and for the The Honorable Edward Breathitt, Former expensing of exploration and development question. Governor of Kentucky, Hopkinsville, Ky. Mr. Manion pointed out that only one costs. . Mr. Jack Conway, President, Center for "Even if a mineral exploration subsidy 1s Community Change, 1000 Wisconsin Avenue additional State must pass a resolution needed, the existing tax provisions are highly NW., Washington, D.C. 20007. to assure the holding of such a conven­ inefficient," the committee said. "It 1s non­ Miss Betty Furness, Former Assistant to tion which Mr. Manion feels could cre­ sense to continue tendering a multi-billion President Johnson on Consumer Affairs, 14 ate problems involving possible tamper­ dollar oil exploration subsidy while we are Old Farm Lane, Hartsdale, N.Y. 10530. ing with basic sections of the Constitu­ artificially restricting domestic well produc­ Dr. Walter Heller, Department of Econom- · tion. tion to less than half of capacity and re­ ics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, stricting oil imports." Mr. Manion suggests alternatives and Minn. 55455. 1n this connection I place in the 3. Provide federal assistance to state and Mr. Clark Kerr, Past President of Univer­ R~coRD local bond issues instead of allowing a tax sity of California at Berkeley, 6300 Bucking­ herewith Mr. Manion's publication be­ exemption on their interest. ham Drive, El Cerrito, Calif. 94530. cause of the interest of my colleagues The committee said this provides an "enor­ Mr. Philip Klutznick, Retired Ambassador and the American people 1n this most mous tax boon" to wealthy persons and huge to ECOSOC, 401 North Michigan Avenue, important matter. financial institutions while costing the fed­ Chicago, Ill. The forum follows: eral government more than it benefits other The Honorable Bronson LaFollette, Former political entitles. CONGRESS CAN FORESTALL THE CALLING OF Attorney General of Wisconsin, LaFollette, A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION-MERE 4. Withhold taxes on interest and divi­ Sinykln, Anderson, Davis, and Abrahamson, dends at the source. CHANGE OF JUSTICES Wn.L NOT CORRECT 110 East Main Street, Madison, Wis. 53703. PAST MISTAKES OF WARREN COURT "Treasury experts believe that . . . nearly Mr. Robert J. Lampman, University of $4 billion of dividend and interest income Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (By Dea,n Clarence E. Manion) annually is not reported on tax returns, with Mrs. John G. Lee, Past President, League American political fortunes continue to be a resulting annual revenue loss of $1 billion/' of Women Voters, Member of President's fickle and unpredictable. Less than a year ago the committee stated. Consumer Advisory Council, Post Office Box Abe Fortas was all but confirmed as Chief 5. Provide tax relief for low and middle 367, Farmington, Conn. 06032. Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Those income families by providing a minimum The Honorable Theodore McKeldin, Former who opposed his confirmation were being be­ standard deduction of $1,100 for all families. Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland National Bank rated as prejudiced fools, fanatics and reac­ A family of four with income of $3,500 a Building, Baltimore, Md. tionary bigots hypocritica.lly venting their year or less would pay no taxes under this The Honorable Arthur Naftalin, Mayor of opposition to the progressive record of the provision. This family now typically pays the City of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minn. Warren Court by resisting the promotion of over $100. Mr. Joseph A. Pechman, Brookings Institu­ its most brilliant and scholarly justice. The committee noted that this also would tion, 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Today Abe Fortas has departed from the provide tax relief to most fam111es with in­ Washington, D.C. 20036. Court in disgrace, the first Supreme Court comes of $11,000 or less. Mr. Walter P. Reuther, President, United justice in history to resign under fire. Fur­ The committee estimated that its program Automobile Workers, 8000 East Jefferson Ave­ thermore, through the door left open as he would provide $7 to $10 billion more in fed­ nue, Detroit, Mich. 48214. departed, the American public 1s looking at eral revenues while relieving low and middle Mr. Stanley H. Ruttenberg, President, the present Supreme Court in a new, reveal­ income families of $2.5 billion in tax lia­ Stanley H. Ruttenberg & Associates, 1211 ing and very unbecoming light. If editorial bilities. Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C opinion is an accumte reflection of their atti­ In addition to these five points, the com­ 20036. • tude, the American people do not like what mittee also asked the Congress to give at­ The Honorable Terry Sanford, Former Gov­ they are now seeing on their Supreme Court tention to the ending of "other unwarranted ernor of North Carolina, Branch Bank Build­ bench. tax favors." Among these, the committee ing, Raleigh, N.C. The little handful of men who have been listed: accelerated depreciation on buildings, Mr. J. S. Seidman, New York Board of smugly ruling our oountry by decree for more multiple surtax exemptions on corporations, Trade, 80 Broad Street, New York, N.Y. 10004. than a decade, and frequently over the blis­ and tax law provisions that encourage the tering dissent of their colleagues, are all tar­ formation of "conglomerates." Mr. John Siegenthaler, The Nashville Ten­ nessean, Nashville, Tenn. gets of official investigation for the same kind "The American people know that etsentlal of indiscretions to which Abe Fortas, by hiS public programs must be paid for; they only The Honorable Paul Simon, Lieutenant Governor of the State of Illlnois, Statehouse, resignation, has confessed. ask that their share of that payment be just; In their personal as well as in their official that every individual be taxed according to Springfield, Ill. Mr. Sheldon Cohen, Former Commissioner judgments these justices have evidenced a his ability to bear the burden of taxation· woeful lack of that "consummate self-re­ and that no one be asked to bear more tha~ ms, Suite 400, 1730 "M" Street, NW., Wash~ ington, D.C. 20036. straint" which the awesome fact of life ten­ his fair share of that burden because of ure and absolute political independence has special tax favors accorded others," the com­ Mr. Philip Stern, 888 17th Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20006. continuously impressed upon all of their mittee said. "It is to that end that this Com­ distinguished predecessors on the bench of mittee on Tax Justice has been formed." The Honorable Charles P. Taft, Member of Cincinnati City Council, Former Mayor of the most important court in the world. Self­ The membership of the committee includes restraint is a quality that none of the Warren prominent Americant from all over the coun­ Cincinnati, First National Bank Building Cincinnati, Ohio. ' Court's ruling justices has ever appeared to try who have joined together to urge that understand. Consistently in their joint offi­ current congressional consideration of fed­ Mr. Whitney Young, Executive Director, cial judgments they have exhibited such eral tax laws stress fairness and equity. It National Urban League, 55 East 52nd Street, restraint in reverse. pointed out that present tax laws not only New York, N.Y. 10022. Since Earl Warren took cha.rge of the Court unjustly penalize the poor and middle-in­ The Honorable Adlai Stevenson III, Treas­ fifteen years ago, he and hls concurring co­ come segments of our population, but drain urer, State of Illinois, Statehouse, Spring­ terie of justices have used every opportunity off funds that could be used to reach national field, Ill. to grab areas of governmental power that. by social goals. Mr. Tony Dechant, President, Farmers express constitutional definition are reserved "There are many organizations lobbying for Union, 1012 14th Street, NW., Washington, for legisla.tive, executive or popular political special tax treatment. Thit is the only or­ D.C. action; areas of power that all o.r their prede­ ganization, as far as we know, that is dedi­ Honorable Paul H. Douglas, Former United cessors have carefully and sorupulously cated solely to advancing the interest of all States Senator, State of Dllnois, Suite 410, avoided. taxpayers," Senator Douglas said in accept­ Shoreham Building, Washington, D.C. 20005. In its place in the Constitution, as well as ing the chairmanship. The Honorable Carl Stokes, Mayor of the in the natural order of its available utllity The committee offices are at Suite 410, the City of Cleveland, City Hall, Cleveland, Ohio. judicial power and jurisdiction is the last June 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 15495 on the list of the three separated areas of more recent decisions by a majority of the CONVENTION CALL HINGES ON ONE STATE American Government. In constitutional Supreme Court which overrule their prior Frankfurter's words are proving to be pro­ procedure the legislature and its authorized decisions, and unduly favor murderers, phetic. Congress has quietly submitted to field of legislation is encountered first. (Ar­ rapists, Communists, hold-up men and other this bold judicial robbery, but the state ticle I) The resulting laws are then dele­ dangerous criminals." (Chicago Tribune, May legislatures have and are generating conse­ gated for enforcement to the Executive 21, 1969) quences that could result in the wreckage of branch. (Article II) Finally, (Article III), All of the cases that Justice Bell talks our constitutional system. the courts -are created, first to sit in judg­ about had been carefully tried and then fully Our Constitution now provides that Con­ ment on accused lawbreakers, next to test appealed through the established court sys­ gress must call a National Constitutional the consistency of Executive Acts with the tem of each involved state. Each defendant laws that authorized them and last, but cer­ Convention whenever the legislatures of two­ in each case had the full benefit of estab­ thirds of the states shall call upon it to do tainly not least, to test the conformity of lished constitutional due process of law in the enacted laws with the Supreme Law, so. Such a convention may propose Amend­ these state courts. "Consummate judicial ments to the Constitution and these pro­ namely, the Constitution. self-restraint" would have impelled a tradi­ Now, unless he is soaked through and posals will become a part of the Constitution tional U.S. Supreme Court to refuse to review as each of them is ratified by the legisla­ through with the restrained detachment these criminal'convictions. that is called "proper judicial temperament," tures of three-fourths of the several states. But the Warren Court is not a traditional (Article V) a poll tically practiced and trained Supreme U.S. Supreme Court. It was obviously look­ Court Justice is certain to get very impatient As soon as the Supreme Court took over ing for further supervisory power over state the job of reapportioning state legislatures a as he watches, first the naturally slow de­ governments, and so when these criminal velopment of popular political action, next few years ago, the state legislatures them­ appeals reached Washington the Warren jus­ selves began passing and directing resolu­ the inevitably delayed processes of legislative tices accepted every one of them. The field enactment and finally the Executive Admin­ tions to Congress calling for a Constitutional of state criminal law enforcement is only Convention which would propose amend­ istration and enforcement of the statutes. one of the countless areas of state govern­ In the long course of this observation such ments to protect the states against this par­ ment that the Warren Court has chosen to ticular invasion of their power by the Court. a justice will undoubtedly itch for an op­ invade by going through the convenient hole portunity to get into the action himself. Thirty-three states have now adopted these it had made for itself in the 14th Amend­ resolutions. Only one more Resolution is The temptation to get involved will be par­ ment. ticularly strong if the justice has previously needed to force Congress to call a convention been an aggressive governor of a state, a It went back and forth through this open­ which will be empowered to propose not just crusading United States Senator, a spec­ ing to drive prayer out of the public schools one sp~clfic amendment but any number of tacular prosecuting a ttomey or a college pro­ and to make it impossible for state govern­ amendments on any subject. fessor who has been privileged to pontificate ments to protect their populations against Such a convention might end up, as did and prognosticate irresponsibly about every­ the publication and exhibition of obscenity the Constitutional Convention of 1787, by body and everything. and hard-core pornography. Because of the writing an entirely new Constitution for the The cumbersome mills of constitutional Warren Court's sociological construction of United States. That is a chilling prospect to government will grind much too slowly to the pornographer's right to free speech and contemplate in these turbulent, disorderly suit such a justice, particularly if he is a a free press, the country is now flooded with times. Nevertheless, one more state is virtu­ political liberal with a conditioned addiction commercialized filth on the stage, screen ally certain to act--unless Congress does to the accelerator and a built in aversion and the newsstands. something in the meantime to forestall it. for constitutional brakes, checks and bal­ With the same specious justification, and What can Congress do? It can end the ances. for the particular convenience of admitted prospect for such another state resolution Chief Justice Warren and his liberal as­ Communists, the Warren justices have in­ by ending the enforcement of the Warren sociates on the Supreme Bench made no ob­ vented a brand new constitutional right, Court's "one man-one vote" contrivance. vious attempt to resist this temptation. namely, "the right of association," which Congress can do this by a simple majority First of all, they were imaptient to end guarantees to these admitted Communists vote of the House and Senate, removing official racial segregation, which for many the right to teach in the public schools and from the Supreme Court and from all Fed­ years had been on its slow way to oblitera­ to work in our defense plants, state and Fed­ eral courts, the right to hear cases involving tion through the processes of popular edu­ eral laws to the contrary notwithstanding. the composition of Congressional districts cation, legislation and eventual court de­ The categorical list of the Warren Court's or the apportionment of state legislatures. terminations. So, at the very first oppor.. power grabs at the expense of the states and This would end the enforcement (and the tunity the Warren Court took a bold new of Congress goes on and on, but without effectiveness as precedents) of all or any stance on this sensitive subject. doubt the most gratuitous, important and decisions already made by the Supreme It began by deliberately repudiating long immediately critical example of such ap­ Court on this subject and prevent the standing Supreme Court decisions and cate­ propriations is the Court's assumption of Court's acceptance of any future cases deal­ gorically outlawing racial segregation in pub­ the right continuously to control the popu­ ing with the size and population of voting lic schools, but they went much further than lar composition of legislative and Congres­ districts. The exclusive rights of Congress that. They retained the segregation cases on sional districts within each State of the and of the several states in this critical area the Court's docket and through this Union, upon the Court's own contrived "one would thus immed.iately be revived and the strategem they captured and kept the ad­ man-one vote" formula. reason for the pending call for a Constitu­ ministration and supervision of each state's Now, and bluntly, the Warren justices are tional Convention would disappear. compliance with the new "no-segregation" telling the several states how to muster and Fortas is gone and Warren is on his way decrees. master the Houses of their own legislatures. out. Hopes are high that the wisdom of Since then, the Supreme Court has, to all By the same bold assumption the Court President Nixon's choice of new justices will intents and purposes, been telling Congress, swept from Congress its vested constitution­ eventually insure us against the kind of un­ the state legislatures and law-enforcement al right to supervise Congressional district­ constitutional Supreme Court power grabs officials what they must do about the subject ing in the several states (Article I, Section that I have described in this broadcast. But, of civil rights. The Warren Court then began 4), the standards for which the Court itself as in the case of .legislative apportionment, to throw the Bill of Rights around in all di­ now changes arbitrarily from case to case. the important areas already unlawfully ap­ rections. These first eight Amendments to the He is a fortunate Congressman today who propriated by the Warren Court must be Constitution of the Uniteed States were de­ can definitely draw the boundaries of his restored by Congress to their proper con­ signed and, before Warren, were consistently own Congressional bailiwick. stitutional authorities, and at once. The held to be restrictions only upon operations When the Court first rushed into this con­ constitutional power and duty of Congress of the Federal Government. But the Warren tentious area with its "one man-one vote" to do this is clear and unquestioned. (Article justices have changed all that. mandate in 1962, it drew a bitter tongue­ m, Section 2) A TTRI.BUTES CRIME INCREASE TO COURT lashing from Justice Felix Frankfurter whose We need not live forever under the After blasting a big hole through the 14th long and vigorous dissent served as a vale­ "amendments" forced upon the Constitution Amendment they proceeded to plough dictory to his extended term of service on by the specious interpretations of the War­ through it with the entire intricate network the Supreme Court bench. ren Court. But the impending change of of these first eight Amendments, which they "Today," Frankfurter said, "this court re­ justices cannot correct these past mistakes. threw over all state court trials for state verses a uniform course of decision estab­ To restore the Constitution, an act of Con­ crimes. In this process the Warren justices lished by a dozen cases, including one by gress is needed which will concisely and have released scores of hardened, convicted which the very claim now sustained was specifically shrink the presently swollen and confessed criminals to take another ride unanimously rejected only five years ago. jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and fence upon the mounting and menacing crime Such a massive repudiation of the experi­ it firmly back into its original constitutional wave. ence of our whole past in asserting destruc­ territory. Chief Justice John C. Bell, of the Supreme tively novel judicial power ... may well To prevent the impending Constitutional Court of Pennsylvania, has attributed a impair the Court's position as the ultimate Convention from exposing our cherished large measure of the alarming increase of organ of th~ supreme law of the land." {Baker form of government to emasculation by the lawlessness in thls country to "a dozen ()r vs. Carr, 7 law Ed 2nd, '114) Black Panthers, the SDS and their revolu- 15496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1969 tionary associates, Congress had better start cal institutions are unresponsive because of ciety. Special service and assistance can be this restoration process immediately. P.ass inadequate communications. Efforts are di­ transmitted to the residents o! the inner the word. rected toward overcoming these inadequacies. city or the rural isolation. Special commu­ But, so much more effort can be applied. nication can be designed for reaching the The blend of technological capability and minority groups in our midst. The groups PUBLIC BROADCASTING AN:C THE social purpose, the improvement in human which believe so much of current communi­ COMMUNICATIONS GAP communication can be advanced through the cation to be irrelevant and unobtainable. development of a system of public broad­ The media can provide the theater, the con­ casting. Television and radio can become con­ cert hall, or the opera house for the new HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON structive instruments for social change, for and creative in the performing ru:ts. It can preparation for a better future and for the offer a showcase for new and fresh talent OF NEW YORK elevation of the American spirit. These media and for innovative composition and design. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can deliver a fruitful variety of messages to It can give a new and versatile art form for Wednesday, June 11, 1969 individuals, groups and communities in our the exceptionally talented who find only society. They can serve the public interest. limited access to the studio audience through Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, under the To those ends, an increasing number of peo­ commercial broadcasting. leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ ple of varying talents are entering the field This catalog of broadcasting opportunities ORD, I include the very good speech on of public broadcasting. is merely a sample from tM broad range "The Communications Gap" delivered at With the creation of the Corporation for available to the future programmer with a Public Broadcasting by the Congress in 1967, commitment to excellence in the public in­ this year's Ithaca College commencement it became national policy to strengthen and terest. Yet the media today will seem lim­ by John W. Macy, Jr., former Chairman develop a system of public television and ited and narrow in comparison with the of the U.S. Civil Service Commission and radio stations to serve the American com­ technology of the future. The availability now president of the Corporation for munity. In that action, a commitment was of a domestic satellite for transmission of 'Public Broadcasting: written to secure for viewers and listeners programs will permit a clearer and more re­ communication media dedicated to the pub­ liable image to more and more viewers. It COMMUNICATING WITH THE FUTURE lic interest. Here was to be a future goal of will offer the means for live transmission of (By John W. Macy, Jr.) diversity and excellence in programing and a images directly from the satellite to home President Dillingham, faculty, students, freedom from mass audience appeal or com­ receivers. The developments in cable tele­ alumni, friends, and, most important of all, mercial pressures to meet the public's need. vision will open up a substantial volume of the class of 1969 of Ithaca College. Here was an opportunity to use the media to additional channels extending out to audi­ This is a time and place where the future educate as well as entertain, to inspire as ences previously beyond the signal. This will is very much with us. But so shall it be in well as sell, to offer choice rather than repe­ mean the availability of additional lines of all other times and places in our contem­ tition. delivery for additional communications of porary society. The forces of change, social In pursuing diversity and excellence, the public service. The future availa.bility of the and technical, carry our thoughts and our leaders in public broadcasting must measure electronic video recording will give every talents toward a future which must be met public needs and public interests. From the home a library of video programs to supple­ and shaped and guided by those we honor wide spectrum of programming choices, they ment the long playing recordings intende<:t today. must design a composite program responsive for listening pleasure and edification. With the instruments of our sciences we to those needs and interests. The potential uses of closed circuit tele­ can forecast certain characteristics of that Education itself can be enhanced through vision provide yet another variable in these future. We can plot the curve of population use of these media. The great teachers can efforts to close the communication gap to growth. We can foretell the continued ur­ be shared by countless students in class­ the benefit of all. banization of that population. We can pre­ rooms across the land. Already the daytime In the very near future--the next few dict the number of jobs necessary to sustain schedules of public broadcasting stations are months-the global satellite system will be that population. We can describe the further packed with classroom offerings in science, in orbiting position and for the first time collapse of space and time through science mathematics, foreign languages, social stud­ man will have the capacity to communicate and technology. From these forecasts, the ies and history. Increasingly, the substance visually to other men throughout the world futurologist can paint a picture of over­ of this instructional broadcasting has be­ on a live and simultaneous basis. What po­ whelming human problems that defy human come more interesting and flexible with tential power, for good or ill, is invested 1n capacity and human spirit. Or they can imaginative use of the camera to secure an this capacity. American technology has de­ present to the men and women who will live added dimension to teaching. The range of veloped and financed this global capability in that future the means for solving the ac­ possibility for improvement is almost limit­ to communicate with the world's billions, cumulating problems, for converting poten­ less but there must be a desired willingness but does it have a developed message to de­ tial disaster into enhanced opportunity, and on the part of those who instruct to use liver over that system? Will we, like Samuel for enriching man's short span on this planet. these electronic devices to extend their Morse, form the connection and find the I elect to join this latter group, to seek with teaching capacity. message no more meaningful than "what today's graduating classes the capacity to re­ Television can open new routes of par­ God has wrought" to transmit. This is an cast our institutions not just to suryive in ticipation to the citizen in the processes of immedia;te challenge to everyone concerned that future, but to direct them toward the government. The evidence of democracy­ with the design and presentation of tele­ betterment of all mankind. elections, legislative meetings, public cau­ vision programs. When this fine institution celebrated its cuses, executive actions-can be made alive Yes, this is a part of the challenge that diamond anniversary in 1967, one of the wise through the camera with visual evidence of public broadcasting holds for thDse of the men of our times, C. P. Snow, shed his bril­ the opportunities open to the citizen to par­ rising generation who leave the universities liance on what he described as "the very ticipate in the processes of government. today. Broadcasting with this public service delicate and difficult problem of special tal­ Likewise, new forms of citizen-government emphasis must seek and develop those men ents." He delivered in modern and American communication can be pioneered through and women possessed of skill and lea.rnJ.ng, form his philosophy on the two cultures. He electronic feedback to government officials values and ideals to raise this enterprise emphasized the necessity of joining the two from their constituents. to fulfill its potential. Broadcasting has ·an cultures, science and the humanities, to as­ The issues of public affairs can be reported insatiable appetite for talent. It needs not sure the unity of forces to meet the future. in depth, analyzed with expertise, and in­ only performers, but write

SENATE-Thursday, June 12, 1969 The Senate met at 11 o'clock a.m., through the things which do appear that fellowship with all mankind. Enable us and was called to order by the Vice we may know Thy nearness in this place. to hear Thy voice, and hearing it make President. Subdue our jaded and vexed ·natures. answer with humble trust and willing The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Discipline our wandering spirits and obedience. Brood over our troubled world L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following strengthen our feeble faith. 0 Thou who that Thy grace may penetrate all men's prayer: glvest freely of Thyself, order what is dis­ hearts until the old refrain, "Peace on ordered in our lives, bring our minds to earth among men of good will," is the 0 Thou whom no man hath seen, the Thy truth, our conscience to Thy law, song and the desire of all nations. invisible cause of all that is visible, break our h~ to Thy love, and our souls to In the Great Redeemer's name. Amen.