Paramecium (Protist)

Paramecium is a group of unicellular ciliate protozoa ranging from 50 to 350 μm in length. Simple cilia cover the body, which allow the cell to move with a synchronous motion ­ like a caterpillar. There is also a deep oral groove containing inconspicuous tongue­like compound oral cilia (as found in other peniculids) used to draw food inside. They generally feed on bacteria and other small cells, making them heterotrophs. Osmoregulation is carried out by a pair of contractile vacuoles, which actively expel water from the cell absorbed by osmosis from their surroundings. They are relatively large protists and can easily be seen with a medium­power microscope.

1 Biology Thursday/Friday September 6/7, 2012

1. Organism of the Day: Paramecium 2. Review Homework ­10 3. Notes ­10 4. Field Trip ­50 5. Pond Water Lab ­30

Announcements Pay the $15 class fee to Sarah Spray in the Main office. Due Today: Finish defining life and 5 Kingdom Basics. Due Monday: Pond Water Lab and read 3.1 from ML Biology textbook and answer questions 1 ­ 3.

2 Review Homework

3 Ecology Key Terms Food Chain: Is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

Food Web: In an ecosystem feeding is more complicated because one animal can often eat more than one kind of food.

4 5 Ecology Key Terms Draw pictures:)

Ecology: Is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment. Interactions within the biosphere produce a web of interdependence between organisms.

Biotic Factors: The biological influences on organisms are called biotic factors. In other words, a biotic factor is any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact, including animals, plants, mushrooms, and bacteria. Think: what could be a biotic factor for the wolves in Yellowstone?

6 Abiotic Factors: Physical components of an ecosystem. More specifically, an abiotic factor is any nonliving part of the environment, such as sunlight, heat, percipitation, humidity, wind, soil type, etc. Example: A bullfrog could be affected by abiotic factors such as water availability, temperature, and humidity. Think: what could be an abiotic factor for the wolves in Yellowstone?

Autotrophs (Primary Producers): Use energy from the sun (or chemical energy source) to produce chemical energy via photosynthesis. This energy is often stored in sugars and is made available to other organisms when eaten.

Heterotrophs (Consumers): Must acquire energy by eating other organisms. Can be classified as carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, omnivores, decomposers, and detritivores. Think: How should a wolf be classified?

7 Ecology: Study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.

1. Organisms occupy a specific niche ­ ex. Paramecium

2. Biotic and abiotic factors ­ ex. Pond

3. Nutrient cycling ­ ex. Pond

4. Interactions between organisms ­ Food chain

5. Changes occur ­Season ­Succession

8 Field trip guidelines Bring a notebook, pencil/pen ­individual Bring GLX interface with temperature probe, a yardstick as a group Walk as a class to Sportsman Club Pond.

Record notes on the following: 1. Number and types of organisms 2. Interactions between organisms that you SEE! 3. Interactions between organisms and their environment 4. Record Quantitative data via observations and GLX probe. 5. Record Qualitative data via obseravtions. 6. Think about how this environment changes with the seasons! 7. Be responsible. 8. Have FUN exploring nature!

9 Period 3 Group 1 Group 5 Matthew D Bowman Jessica C Markowitz Casey A Brink Cristen H McCann Ana M Bucy Bryce A Miller Sophie K Carson Talbot N Miller

Group 2 Group 6 Cassandra R Christean Truman H Miller Kamryn H Coryell Hannah M Pratt Lauren M Cummings Albert C Ragsdale Connor W Dalton Cole K Schardein

Group 3 Group 7 Carter J Daniels Conner T Vacca Alyssa L James Christian M VanWagner Ciaran M Krantz Lauren T Vchulek Elizabeth N Viele

Group 4 Group 8 Caroline T Lant Karen E Ware Weappa­ Alexander W Larsen Finnian A Mickelson Joseph S Lee Lindsay B Wienkers Britt P Lindquist

10 Period 5 Group 1 Group 5 Natalie H Allen Chase E Lehotsky Tara N Bieber Ciana L Maasen Lucas Burzycki Sienna M Mander Myron E Butler Glynnis R Marcus

Group 2 Group 6 Aidan Z Carlisle Angeline P Mead Quinn H Dassel Morgan L Merillat Lucinda M DeBolt Gregory G Millican Zachary M Dinniman Erik P Nimb

Group 3 Group 7 Forrest L Englin Sonia K Olson Isabella A Frawley Avery Schuelke Rory L Frieda Georgia R Seltzer Jake M Sullivan

Group 4 Group 8 Oliver Godfrey Shelby W Sundquist Jade C Greer Parker R Taylor Keivan Kehlhofer Hayden S Tutty Kailyn J Wise

11 Period 6 Group 1 Group 5 Nathan A Agne Shaine E McMahon Natalie T Beatie Alexandra R McWilliams Madeleine J Cole Caitlyn P Munter Annie E Comstock Natalya C Niehaus

Group 2 Group 6 Elanor S Davidson Larissa N Nowjack Lars N Erickson Caleb J Olalia David Goon Klaudia Prodani Bryce T Hamilton Garret W Riely

Group 3 Group 7 Robert M Hobbs Mira I Rosenkotz Isaac J Holloway Blake A Swanson Ryan B Ieropoli Brandon J Swindle Reed T Thomas

Group 4 Group 8 Abigail L Leigh Kathryn P Tibbens Cole A Magrini Chaney A Weaver Erin A McGee Lucas F Weyand Andrew B Yalung

12 13 Name ______Group # ______Period ______Date ______

_____/14 Points

PondWaterLab

This investigation is designed to help you practice making observations, focusing a light microscope on living organisms, preparing wet mount slides, and drawing aquatic organisms found in Sportsman Club Pond water. Take special note of the characteristic of life. Study and know the part of the microscope (see your diagram). Quiz your lab partners on the microscope parts.

1. Qualitative data: Describe what you see at Sportsman Club Pond. What color is the pond water? What do you see growing in and around the pond? What do you hear? What do you smell? ______What are other qualitative observations we can make? 2. Quantitative data: Use your GLX probe to measure the pH and the temperature of the water: pH ______Temperature ______.

3. Magnification: Knowing that the power of the eyepiece is ______, determine the following magnifications: Low power = ______x ______= ______Medium power = ______x ______= ______High power = ______x ______= ______

4. Wet mount: Be sure that the water is contained under the cover slip (none is slopping out) and that there are as few bubbles as possible. Avoid large organisms at this time. Proceed to the pond water chart (see reverse) and draw 3 pictures in the circles: one at low, one at medium, and the last at high magnification. Repeat again with a different sample and label as wet mount slides.

5. Depression slide: Find a larger organism and prepare a depression slide mount and draw a detailed picture of your organism as you did with the wet mount.

6. Hypothesis : How do you think the pond will look in the winter? What differences/similarities would you see in the samples you examined through the microscope? Be specific and explain your reasoning. ______

14 Name ______Group # ______Period ______Date ______

NOTE: In sketching organisms, be as detailed as possible. Scientific drawings use pencil, ruler, label features, the power of magnification, and include a title and the scale.

15 Exit Question

If the eyepiece magnification is 10x and the total magnification is 500x, then what is the magnification of the objective lense? Reminders

Pay the $15 class fee to Sarah Spray in the Main office. Due Monday: Pond Water Lab and read 3.1 from ML Biology textbook and answer questions 1 ­ 3.

Periods 3/5: Please stack chairs on your way out.

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