Advancedaudioblogs1#1 Top10turkishtourist Destinations

LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #1 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Hagia Sophia

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 1

1. Ayasofya

2. Ayasofya Türkiye'nin stanbul ilinde yer almaktadr. Tarihi süreçte bu bina, Ortodoks bazilikas, Katolik katedrali ve cami olarak kullanlmtr. Bina M. S. 360 ylnda inaa edilmi ve o günlerde Konstantinapol'ün Yunan Patriyarkal katedrali olmutur. 1200'lü yllarda 60 yl boyunca Kataloliklerin katedrali olmu ancak 1453 ylnda bir camiye dönütürülene kadar tekrar bir Ortodoks kilisesi olarak kullanlmtr. 1931 ylnda halka açk bir bina haline gelmi ve dört yl sonra da bir müze olmutur.

3. Baz uzmanlar, yapnn mimarisinin Bizans dönemi izleri tadn ve kubbenin stanbul'un en ünlü manzaralarndan biri olduunu belirtmilerdir. Bu yap, neredeyse bin yl boyunca dünyann en büyük katedrali olmutur.

4. Kubbeye ek olarak Ayasofya, ayrca pek çok sayda kutsal emanet ve mozaiiyle bilinmektedir. Müzeyi ziyaret edenleri muhteem bir ikonostaz karlar, ve bina ayrca Pergamon'dan gelen küllerin sakland iki kaseye ev sahiplii yapar. Binann içindeki dier etkileyici eserler, Mermer Kap,sa, Meryem ve dier pek çok aziz ve hükümdarn tasvir edildii mozaiklerdir. Pek çok mozaik, 1930 ylndaki restorasyonda harcn bir bölümü dökülürken ortaya çkmtr. Restorasyon süreci, binann tarihsel dönemde hem Hristiyanlar hem de Müslümanlar için bir ibadet yeri olduundan oldukça enteresan geçmitir. Bunun sonucunda birbiriyle çelien inanç unsurlarnn simgeleri ortaya çkmtr.

5. Kültürel Miras - Ayasofya binasnn imdiki hali, 300'lü yllarda inaa edilen yapdan orijinal hiçbir ey ihtiva etmemektedir. Bina iki kez yklmtr, bunlardan ilki ayaklanmalar srasnda, ikincisi ise Nika syan srasnda olmutur ve bugün ayakta olan yap, 500lü yllar döneminde yaplm olandr. Jüstinyen mevcut yapnn inaasn üstlenmitir ve açl konumasnda "Ey Süleyman! Seni yendim!" demitir. Binann kubbesi bir depremde ciddi ekilde hasar görmü, daha sonra orijinal kubbeden daha salam olabilmesi için deiik bir ekilde inaa edilmitir.

ENGLISH

1. Hagia Sophia

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #1 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HAGIA SOPHIA 2 2. Hagia Sophia is located in Turkey in the city of Istanbul. In its history, the building has been an Orthodox basilica, a Roman Catholic cathedral, and a mosque. The building was first dedicated in 360 AD, and in those days, it was Constantinople's Greek Patriarchal cathedral. It became a cathedral for Roman Catholics for about 60 years in the 1200s, but it was changed back to an Orthodox church after that until 1453 when it was converted to a mosque. In 1931 it became a secular building, and then four years later it was turned into a museum.

3. Some experts hail the structure as the epitome of architectural work from Byzantine times, and the dome is one of the most famous views from Istanbul. For almost a thousand years, it was the world's largest cathedral.

4. In addition to the dome, Hagia Sophia is also known for the numerous holy relics and mosaics. An incredible iconostasis greets visitors to the museum, and the building is also home to two lustration urns that came from Pergamon. Other impressive features inside the structure include the Marble Door and numerous mosaics depicting Jesus, Mary, and various saints and rulers. Many mosaics were revealed during a restoration of the building done in the 1930s when some of the plaster was removed. The restoration process was especially interesting because of the building's history as both a Christian and Muslim place of worship. This resulted in the display of iconic works of art from both faiths, which contradict each other.

5. Cultural Heritage-The current state of Hagia Sophia doesn't contain any architectural elements from the original building which was built around 300 AC. The building has been demolished twice, the first one during the riots and the latter during Nika rebellion. The building we see today was built during 500 BC. Emperor Justinianus undertook the construction of the building. Upon the completion of the building, he said- "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!"(referring to King Solomon's temple in Jerusalem). The dome of the building had been severely damaged in an earthquake, which then was reconstructed in a different way, aiming for a more robust structure.

VOCABULARY

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #1 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HAGIA SOPHIA 3 Turkish English

bazilika basilica

cami mosque

Ortodoks Orthodox

Patriyarkal Patriarchal

Halka açık Secular

Simge/⇥z Epitome

Yıkama Lustration

tasvir depict

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Bazilika, hürmet ve ibadet edilen bir Müslümanlar dua etmek için camiye yerdi. giderler.

“The basilica was a place of reverence “Muslims go to the mosque to pray.” and worship.”

Ortodoks inançları, asırlar geçtikçe Medeniyet, kökü boyunca oldukça de⇥i⇤im gösterdi. patriyarkaldı.

“The orthodox beliefs were gradually “The civilization was largely patriarchal in changed throughout centuries.” its lineage.”

Katedralde, fuarlar ve pazarlar gibi halka Azizlerin, genellikle iyili⇥in ve açık etkinlikler de mevcuttu. do⇥rulu⇥un simgesi oldukları bilinir.

“The cathedral complex contained several “The saints are generally considered to be spaces set aside for secular purposes, the epitome of goodness and such as fairs and bazaars.” righteousness.”

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #1 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HAGIA SOPHIA 4 Yıkama adetleri toplulu⇥un ayinlerinin ⌅mparatoru tasvir eden heykel onu daha önemli bir parçasıydı. az saygın göstermi⇤ti.

“Lustration rituals were central to the “A sculpture depicting the emperor group’s liturgy.” showed him in a less than flattering way.”

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Ayasofya binasının ⇤imdiki hali, 300lü yıllarda in⇤aa edilen yapıdan orijinal hiçbir ⇤ey ihtiva etmemektedir. Bina iki kez yıkılmı⇤tır, bunlardan ilki ayaklanmalar sırasında, ikincisi ise Nika ⇥syanı sırasında olmu⇤tur ve bugün ayakta olan yapı, 500lü yıllar döneminde yapılmı⇤ olandır. Jüstinyen mevcut yapının in⇤aasını üstlenmi⇤tir ve açılı⇤ konu⇤masında "Ey Süleyman! Seni yendim!" demi⇤tir. Binanın kubbesi bir depremde ciddi ⇤ekilde hasar görmü⇤, daha sonra orijinal kubbeden daha sa⌅lam olabilmesi için de⌅i⇤ik bir ⇤ekilde in⇤aa edilmi⇤tir.

Build It Up, Tear it Down

The Hagia Sophia structure that exists today contains nothing of the original building from the 300s. The building was destroyed two times—once during riots and a second time during the Nika Revolt—and what stands today is the structure that was erected during the 500s. Justinian is credited with the current structure, and after it was built, he supposedly proclaimed, "Solomon, I have outdone thee!" An earthquake severely damaged the dome of the building, which then had to be rebuilt using a different construction in order to make it stronger than the original dome.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #1 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HAGIA SOPHIA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #2 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Cappadocia

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 2

1. Kapadokya

2. Kapadokya, baca eklindeki kayalklaryla kolaylkla tannan Türkiye’de bir bölgedir. Bu ekiller milyonlarca yl önce bölgede bulunan eski yanardalarn patlamas sonucu oluan tortul kayalk kalntlarnn birikimiyle olumutur. Zamanla bu patlamalar kayalklar andrm ve bugün Kapadokya’nn kendine özgü olan minarelerini ve kolonlarn oluturmutur.

3. Kapadokya’da yerleimler, evlerin ve kiliselerin kayalarn içine doru oyulduu Antik Rom allar dönemine kadar uzanr. Bu oyuk evler bugünlerde insanlarn, o çadaki yaantlar gözlemlemek için ziyaret ettii bir turizm yeri olmutur. Göreme Açk Hava Müzesi, turistler için Türkiye’nin en ünlü yerlerinden biridir. Müzenin, Kapadokya’nn kayalklarna doru oyulmu otuzun üzerinde apeli ve kilisesi bulunmaktadr. Bu kiliselerin birkaçnn duvarnda inanlmaz freskler vardr. Bu fresklerden bazlarnn tarihçesi 9. yüzyla kadar uzanr.

4. Göreme’deki kayalklarn içine gömülü alt büyük kilise bulunur. Bunlardan en büyüü 1980'li yllarda restore edilen Tokal Kilise’dir. Dier kiliseler ise; Elmal Kilise, Azize Barbara Kilisesi, Ylanl Kilise, Karanlk Kilise ve Çarkl Kilise’dir. Çarkl Kilise'de, Kudüs’teki Göe Yükseli Kilisesi’ndekiyle ayn olduu düünülen iki ayak izi bulunmaktadr.

ENGLISH

1. Cappadocia

2. Cappadocia is a region in Turkey that is easily recognized by its hoodoos. These rock formations were formed over millions of years ago by the consolidation of sedimentary rocks created by the volcanic out-spurts. Over time, these rock formations eroded until they became the famous chimney shaped trademarks of Cappadocia.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #2 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAPPADOCIA 2 3. Earliest human settlements in Cappadocia date back to the Ancient Roman Period when shelters and churches were carved into these rock formations. These carved settlements now are a tourist draw as people visit the area to see what life was like so far back in history. The Gerome Open Air Museum is one of Turkey's most well-known destinations for tourists. The museum includes over 30 chapels and churches that have been carved right out of the rocks at Cappadocia. Some of these churches even have incredible frescoes on the walls inside of them. Some of those frescoes date back to the ninth century.

4. There are about six major churches carved into the rocks at Gerome. The largest is the Buckle Church, which was restored in the 1980s. The other churches are the Apple Church, the Church of St. Barbara, the Snake Church, the Dark Church, and the Church with Sandals. The Church with Sandals is interesting because it has two foot prints that are supposedly the same prints that are found in Jerusalem's Church of the Ascension.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

baca chimney

erezyona urama/a⇥ınma erode

tortul sedimentary

patlama erupt

minare minaret

kolon pillar

oymak carve

fresk fresco

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #2 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAPPADOCIA 3 Duman bacadan dı⇥arı pitoresk bir Zamanla kumsal erozyona u⇤radı ve sahne olu⇥turarak çıkıyordu. sular eve giderek yakla⇥tı.

"The smoke swirled up from the chimney, "Over time, the beach eroded and the creating a picturesque scene." waters began to come closer and closer to the house."

Tortul kayalıklar muhte⇥em bir co⇤rafya Volkan, topra⇤ı titrettikten birkaç gün dersi sundu. sonra patlamaya ba⇥ladı.

"The sedimentary rock provided the "The volcano started erupting after several perfect geology lesson." days of rumbling in the ground."

Kalenin minareleri yapının dı⇥ına do⇤ru Caminin ⇥ehirden görülebilen altı uzanıyordu. minaresi bulunmaktaydı.

The castle’s minarets stuck out above the The mosque had six minarets that rest of the structure. watched over the city.

Kolonlar, yapının üst bölümünü tutmaya Heykeltra⇥, imparatorun resmini elinden yardımcı oluyordu. gelen en iyi ⇥ekilde yaptı.

"The pillars served to hold up the top of the "The sculptor carved the image of the structure." emperor as best he could."

Freskler odayı parlak bir renkte dolduruyordu.

"The incredible frescoes filled the room with bright color."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Kapadokya'nın en önemli özellii, burada bulunan yeraltı ⇥ehirleridir. Hristiyanlıın bir din olarak kabul edilmesinden önce ilk Hristiyanlar bu saklı ⇥ehirlerde ya⇥amı⇥tır. Kaymaklı Yeraltı ⌅ehri bunlardan biridir ve 1964 yılından beri turistlerin ziyaretine açıktır. ⌅ehrin içinde bugün halen daha erzaın depolandıı ve hayvanların barındıı yüz civarında tünel bulunmaktadır. Burası, bölgedeki en büyük yeraltı ⇥ehirlerinden biridir. Bu ⇥ehrin bu kadar büyük olmasının nedenlerinden birisi, bölgedeki insanların ekonomik refahtan istifade ettiini

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #2 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAPPADOCIA 4 gösteren çok sayıdaki depo alanına sahip olmasıdır.

Life in the Underground

A major feature of Cappadocia is the large number of underground cities there. Early Christians lived in these hidden cities before Christianity was accepted as a religion. Kaymakli Underground City is one of those cities, and it has been open to tourists since 1964. The city consists of almost a hundred tunnels, which are still being used today to store items and to house animals. It is one of the biggest underground cities in the area. One of the reasons it probably was so large is the numerous storage areas, which indicate that the people who lived in the city enjoyed at least some degree of economic stability.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #2 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAPPADOCIA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #3 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Grand Bazaar— Istanbul

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 3

1. Kapalçar - stanbul

2. stanbul’daki Kapalçar dünyann en eski ve en büyük kapal pazarlarndan biridir. Burada be binin üzerinde farkl dükkan ve altm civar üstü kapal sokak bulunur. Her gün yarm milyona yakn kii pazar ziyaret eder. Dükkanlara ek olarak iki Türk hamam, çemeler, camiler ve pek çok yeme-içme yeri mevcuttur. Burada yer alan iki cami, ayn zamanda Theodosius Forumu’na da yakn olan 2. Bayezd Camii ve ayn padiah tarafndan Kapalçar’ya yaplan Nuruosmaniye Camii’dir. Nuruosmaniye Camii, pek çok camide standart olarak bulunan abdest çemesine sahip olmamas nedeniyle esizdir. Pazar, ayrca özellikle depolama amacyla kullanlan iki adet kubbeli binay tar.

3. Çar, 1455-1461 yllar arasnda inaa edilmitir. 1500'lü yllarda pazar geniletilmi ve 1894 ylndaki büyük depremden sonra restore edilmitir. Her ne kadar burada hemen hemen her eyi bulmak mümkünse de buras özellikle baharatlar, hallar, çömlekleri ve mücevheratlaryla ünlüdür.

4. Pazarn güneybat köesinde kesien iki ana sokan sonunda bulunan dört ana kap mevcuttur. Çar, Pazartesi’den Cumartesi’ye sabah dokuz, akam yedi saatleri aras açktr. Orada bulunan ziyaretçiler, ne kadar kalnrsa kalnsn her eyi görmenin imkansz olduunu söylerler. Ayrca çardaki pek çok esnafn turistlere kar çok iyi olduklar ve maddi açdan zora sokmadklar söylenir.

ENGLISH

1. Grand Bazaar—Istanbul

2. Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar is one of the world’s oldest and biggest covered markets. It has more than five thousand different stalls and about sixty covered streets there. Nearly, half million people visit the market every day. In addition to the stalls, there are also fountains, two Turkish baths, mosques, and plenty of eateries. The two mosques are the Bayezid Mosque, which is also close to the Forum of Theodosius, another major tourist attraction, and the Nuruosmaniye Mosque located in the Grand Bazaar, which was built by the same sultan. The Nuruosmaniye Mosque is especially unique because it does not contain an ablution fountain, which is a common feature for most of the mosques. The market also holds two domed buildings that are especially used for storage.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: GRAND BAZAAR—ISTANBUL 2 3. The bazaar was built between 1455 and 1461. In the 1500s, the market was made larger, and in 1894 it was restored after a major earthquake. Although it is possible to find almost anything there, it is most well-known for its spices, carpets, pottery, and jewelry.

4. There are four major gates that sit at the ends of the two main streets, which meet in the southwestern corner of the market. The market is open Monday to Saturday from nine A.M. until seven P.M. Visitors who have been there say that it is impossible to see everything, no matter how long you stay there. They also say that most of the merchants at the bazaar are very nice to tourists and don’t hassle them for money.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

Çarı/Pazar bazaar

dükkan/tezgah stall

baharat spice

Çömlek pottery

yeme-içme yeri eatery

zorluk hassle

forum forum

abdest ablution

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: GRAND BAZAAR—ISTANBUL 3 Çarı, baharattan deri ürünlerine her Pien balı⇤ın kokusu pazarın türden malla doluydu. tezgahlarında dolaıyordu.

"The bazaar was filled with all kinds of "The smell of fish cooking floated over the goods, from spices to leather work." market stalls."

Bu lezzetli yeme⇤i hazırlarken pek çok Zarif çömlekler, antik medeniyetin farklı baharat kullandı. kendine has özelli⇤iydi.

"He used many different spices when "Beautiful pottery was a trademark of the preparing the delicacy." ancient civilization."

Bölgede seçmek için oldukça çok yeme- Adamla anlaabilmek oldukça zorluydu içme yeri bulunuyordu. ve zaman harcamaya de⇤mezdi.

"There were just too many eateries in the "Dealing with the man was just too much area to choose from." of a hassle and not worth the time."

Forum, farklılıkları tartımak için bir Sabah abdest almıtı. imkan sa⇤lamıtı. "In the morning, she performed her "The forum provided a place to hash out ablutions." differences."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Kapalıçarı'nın inaası I. Süleyman olarak da bilinen Kanuni Sultan Süleyman döneminde yapılmıtır. Tahtta en uzun süre kalan Osmanlı padiahıdır ve ei Hürrem Sultan oldukça ünlüdür çünkü kendisi evlenmeden önce bir padiahın hareminde bir cariyeydi. Geleneklere göre padiahlar, haremlerindeki cariyelerle evlenmezdi. Hürrem Sultan, bu nedenle tahta çıkı yolundaki entrikalarıyla bilinirdi. Padiahın en büyük o⇤lu ⌅ehzade Mustafa'yı dünyaya getirmedi⇤inden dolayı kendi o⇤ullarını tahtın varisi yapabilmek için onun idamına neden olmutur ve durumu kendi o⇤ulları lehine çevirmitir.

An Influential Family

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: GRAND BAZAAR—ISTANBUL 4 Suleiman I, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent and The Lawgiver, is credited with commissioning the Grand Bazaar. He was the Ottoman Empire's longest reigning sultan, and his queen, Roxelana, was very well-known, especially because she was a harem girl before she married the sultan. Traditionally, sultans did not marry girls from their harems. Roxelana was famous for her manipulation of the line of succession to the throne. Since she did not bear the sultan's oldest son, her sons would have had to be strangled upon the heir's succession to the throne, but she manipulated the situation to work in favor of her sons.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: GRAND BAZAAR—ISTANBUL 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #4 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Topkapi Palace

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 4

1. Topkap Saray

2. Topkap Saray, stanbul’da bulunur ve Osmanl mparatorluu döneminde padiahlarn kald esas yerdir. Günümüzde hem önemli tarihsel özelliklerinden dolay, hem de Hz. Muhammed’in kullandna inanlan klc ve hrkas gibi önemli Müslüman tarihi eserleri barndrd için balca turizm noktalarndan biridir. 1985 ylnda UNESCO, Topkap Saray’n Dünya Miraslar listesine almtr. Pek çok mimar bu sarayn, Osmanllar döneminin en önemli örneklerinden biri olduunu belirtmektedir.

3. Saray, Marmara Denizi ve Boaziçi’ne doru uzanan tepelik bir burun olan Sarayburnu’nda yer almaktadr. Sahil kesimindeki en yüksek yaplardan biridir. Saray, ayn zamanda Bizantiyon akropolü de dahil olmak üzere baz yaplarn kalntlar üzerinde yer alr ve arkeologlarn kaz çalmas sonucu Topkap Saray’nn avlularndan birinde Saray Bazilikas bulunmutur.

4. O günkü adyla Konstantinapol’ü fetheden Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in emriyle yapmna 1459 ylnda balanmtr. Sarayn içinde birkaç küçük yap ve dört geni avlu yer almaktadr. En parlak döneminde yaklak dört bin kii burada yaamtr. 1600'lü yllar itibariyle saray zayflamaya balamtr, çünkü padiahlar, Boaz’da yaplan yeni yerlerde daha fazla vakit geçirmeye balamlardr. Osmanl mparatorluu 1921 tarihinde ykldnda saray resmi olarak bir müzeye dönütürülmütür.

ENGLISH

1. Topkapi Palace

2. Topkapi Palace is in Istanbul, and it was the main residence of the sultans during the reign of the Ottoman Empire. Today, it is a major tourist destination, both because of its important historic significance and also because it holds some important Islamic relics, like the sword and cloak traditionally believed to have been used by Prophet Muhammed. In 1985, UNESCO listed Tokapi Palace as a World Heritage Site. Many architects consider the palace as one of the most important masterpieces of the Ottoman Empire.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TOPKAPI PALACE 2 3. The palace sits on Seraglio Point, which is a promontory looking out on the Sea of Marmara and the Golden Horn. It’s one of the highest buildings that’s located near the sea. The palace also rises on the ruins of some other structures, including the acropolis of the prior city of Byzantion and what is now known as the Palace Basilica, which archeologists discovered when they excavated one of the courtyards inside Tokapi Palace.

4. Work on building the palace started in 1459 on order of Sultan Mehmed II, who had conquered Constantinople. There are several small buildings inside the palace and four large courtyards. During its heyday, about four thousand people lived there. By the 1600s, the palace began to decline because the Sultans spent more time in the newer palaces that had been built on the Bosporus. When the Ottoman Empire ended in 1921, the palace officially became a museum.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

padiah sultan

dönem reign

peygamber prophet

hırka/pelerin: cloak

(kutsal) emanet relic

avlu courtyard

parlak dönem heyday

kazmak excavate

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TOPKAPI PALACE 3 Padiahlar, halkına merhamet etmeden Kral'ın döneminde, halkın kraliyeti imparatorlu⇤u yönetmilerdi. karıtırması yasaklanmıtı.

"The sultans ruled over their constituents "During the king's reign, the people were mercilessly." prohibited from mingling with royalty."

Peygamber, gelecek yıkımı önceden Pelerinini üzerine aldı ve uzun haber vermiti. yolculu⇤una çıktı.

"The prophet foretold the devastation that "She wrapped her cloak around her and was to come." set off on the long journey."

Kiliseden ayrılmadan evvel kutsal Avlu, a⇤açlar ve güzel bitkilerle emanetleri öptü. donatılmıtı.

"He kissed the holy relics before turning to "The courtyards were filled with trees and leave the church." beautiful plant life."

Ülke, en parlak döneminde yaanılması Sit alanının kazı çalımalarından sonra, en güzel yer olarak tanımlanıyordu. ilk medeniyetlerin yüzyıllar önce burada

yaadıkları kolaylıkla anlaılabiliyordu. "In the country's heyday, it was considered to be the best place to live." "After the site had been excavated, it was easy to see that an earlier civilization had lived there centuries before."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Sarayın en ilginç özelliklerinden birisi bünyesindeki a⇤açların halen ayakta kalmasıdır. Pek ço⇤u mantar zararlılarınca istila edilerek kabuktan içeriye do⇤ru oyulmutur. Buna ra⇤men a⇤açlar her dem yeil ve canlıdır, halen büyümektedir. Birçok a⇤aç orada yüzyıllardır ayaktadır ve mantar saldırıları bu zamanın önemli bir bölümde etkilidir. Bazı a⇤açların gövdesi biribiriyle birlemitir. Örne⇤in, bir incir a⇤acı baka bir a⇤acın kovu⇤u içinde gelierek onunla birlemitir.

Interesting Greenery

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TOPKAPI PALACE 4 One of the most interesting features of the palace is the trees that still stand throughout the complex. Many of them were infected with a fungus, which has resulted in hollow trunks with gaping holes in the side of them. In spite of this, the trees are green, alive, and growing. Many of these trees have been there for centuries, and the fungus has been affecting them for much of this time. Some of the trees have even fused together. For example, a fig tree began growing inside the hollow trunk of another tree, and it eventually fused with the larger tree.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TOPKAPI PALACE 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #5 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Pamukkale

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 5

1. Pamukkale

2. Pamukkale, Türkiye’nin güneybatsnda yer alan doal bir oluumdur. Bin yllk süreçte travertenler, kaplcalar ve karbonat mineralleriyle olumutur. Yüzyllardr insanlar Pamukkale’deki kaplcalara girmektedir. Hierapolis antik kenti buraya inaa edilmitir ve bunun da üzerinde birkaç otel ve dinlenme tesisi yaplmtr. UNESCO, Pamukkale’yi Dünya Miraslar arasna aldnda, oteller yklm ve böylece doal yap koruma altna alnmtr.

3. Pamukkale’ye giden turistler kaplcalarda ayakkab giymenin yasak olduunu bilmelidirler çünkü kaplcalar oluturan doal mineral kaynaklar korunmaya çallmaktadr. Burada scaklklar 95-212 derece Fahrenhayt arasnda deien on yedi adet kaplca yer almaktadr. Yüksek scaklkla birleen yüksek düzeydeki kalsiyum karbonatlar, Pamukkale’yi oluturan mineral kaynan oluturmutur. Kaplcalar, suyu stan bir yer alt volkan sayesinde scakln korur.

4. Kaplcalara ek olarak turistler, geçmite yaayan insanlarn bu kaplcalar kaç zaman önce kullandn hatrlatan Pamukkale’deki tapnaklarn kalntlarn ve Yunan antlarn görebilirler. Tarihçiler, Hierapolis’teki kaplcalarn M.Ö. 2’inci yüzylda olutuuna inanmaktadr. Rahatlamann yan sra bu termal havuzlar, ayn zamanda dini törenler ve ibadetlerin bir parças olarak hidroterapi için kullanlmtr.

ENGLISH

1. Pamukkale

2. Pamukkale, or the Cotton Castle, is a natural formation that lies in the southwestern part of Turkey. It was formed over millennia by travertine, hot springs, and carbonate minerals. For centuries, people have enjoyed taking soaking in the hot springs at Pamukkale. The ancient city of Hierapolis was built on top of the formation, and then several hotels and resorts were built on top of it. When UNESCO declared Pamukkale to be a World Heritage Site, the hotels there were demolished so that the natural formation could be preserved.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PAMUKKALE 2 3. Tourists who go to Pamukkale should know that wearing shoes in the springs is prohibited because they are trying to protect the natural mineral deposits that created the formation. In all there are 17 hot springs with varying temperatures between 95 degrees up to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. The high temperatures combined with the high levels of calcium carbonate that are present result in the deposit of the minerals that have created Pamukkale. The hot springs are kept warm by an underground volcano that heats the water.

4. In addition to the hot springs themselves, tourists can also see the ruins of the temples and Greek monuments at Pamukkale, which are reminders of just how long ago people were going to these hot springs. Historians believe that the thermal spa at Hierapolis was first set up in the second century B.C. In addition to relaxation, the thermal pools were also used for hydrotherapy as part of many religious ceremonies and cult practices.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

milenyum millennium

traverten travertine

karbonat carbonate

yıkmak demolish

korumak preserve

yasaklamak prohibit

termal thermal

volkan volcano

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PAMUKKALE 3 Bin yıldır insanlar, et için hayvanları Traverten, mutfak tezgahı yapmak için avlamakta ve öldürmektedir. kullanılan güzel bir do⇥al ta⇤tır.

"For millennia, people have been hunting "Travertine is a beautiful natural stone and killing animals for meat." often used to make countertops."

Kimya ö⇥rencileri, kalsiyum karbotanı ⌅antiye ekibi, daha iyi bir bina yapmak bilinmeyen bir içerikte karı⇤tırdı. için binayı yıktı.

"The chemistry students mixed the calcium "The construction crew demolished the carbonate with the mystery ingredient." building to make way for a better structure."

Fosiller belirgin derecede iyi Amerika'da küçük çocukların alkol korunmu⇤tu. alması yasaklanmı⇤tır.

"The fossil was remarkably well "Underage drinking is prohibited in the preserved." United States."

Termal havuzlar, a⇥rıyan kasları Volkan, kül ve lavları kasabaya gev⇤etmek için rahatlatıcı bir yöntemdir. püskürterek patladı.

"The thermal pools were a relaxing way to "The volcano erupted, spewing ash and soothe sore muscles." lava over the small town."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Pamukkale'nin altında kaplıcaların suyunu sıcak tutan volkanı olan bir ma⇥ara yer almaktadır. Bu bölgede ya⇤ayan eski insanlar, ma⇥arayı direkt olarak "Pluto'nun yeri" olarak çevrilebilen Plütonyum demi⇤lerdir. Pluto, Antik Yunan dünyasında bir tanrıdır. Kibele rahipleri, ma⇥arayı dini törenleri için kullanmı⇤lar ve di⇥er insanlara, ma⇥aranın içinde yer alan gazdan etkilenmediklerini göstermi⇤lerdir. Kibele kültüne ek olarak Apollo gibi ba⇤ka tanrılarda bu ma⇥arada ibadet etmi⇤tir. Hierapolis'teki Apollo Tapına⇥ı dünyanın en ünlü yerlerinden biridir.

A Famous Cave

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PAMUKKALE 4 There is a cave located underneath Pamukkale that holds the volcano which helps keep the hot springs above warm. The ancient people who lived in the area referred to the cave as Plutonium, which roughly translates to "place of Pluto." Pluto was a god in the Ancient Greek world. The priests of the Cybele cult used the cave for their religious ceremonies, and they discovered a way to appear to others as if they were immune to the high levels of gas that are inside the cave. In addition to the Cybele cult, there were several other gods worshipped in the area, including Apollo. The Temple of Apollo at Hierapolis is one of the most well-known in the world.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PAMUKKALE 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #6 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Basilica Cistern

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 6

1. Yerebatan Sarnc

2. Yerebatan Saray olarak da bilinen Yerebatan Sarnc, stanbul’un sokaklarnn altnda yer alr ve ehirdeki en büyük kapal sarnçtr. Burada antic çalardan kalan yüzlerce sarnç bulunmakta ve bunlardan birinin tarihçesi 500lü yllarda mparator Jüstinyen’in dönemine kadar gitmektedir. Sarnç, esasen Stoa Bazilikas altna inaa edilmitir.

3. Bu yer alt yaps, bir katedral büyüklüünde ve yaknndaki saraya ve dier bölgelere sevk olan yüksek miktarda bir suya sahiptir. Tavan tutan 300’den fazla mermer sütun bulunmaktadr. Sütunlar, genellikle Korint ve yon tarznda yaplmtr, ayn zamanda birkaç Dorik tarzna da rastlanmaktadr. Sütunlarn yüzeyindeki gravürlerde deiik imgeler yer almakta, bunlarn içinde eski yaztlarda ortaya çkarld ekliyle sarncn yapmnda çalrken öldürülen kölelerin ansna yaplan gözyalar dikkat çekmektedir. Sarncn yapmnda yaklak 7,000 köle çaltrlmtr ve tarihi yaztlar yüzlerce kölenin inaat esnasnda öldürüldüünü anlatmaktadr. Sarnc tutan birçok sütun baka yerlerden getirilmi gibi görünmektedir. Tarihçiler, bu sütunlarn kalntlarda yer alan dier binalardan baka bir amaçla kullanlmak üzere getirildiini düünmektedir.

4. Sarnca girmek için ziyaretçilerin 52 adm aa inmesi gerekmektedir. Basamaklarn girii tramvay durann yannda yer almaktadr, bu yüzden Yerebatan Sarnc’n bulmak kolaydr. 1963 yapm James Bond Filmi From Russia with Love filmini izleyen ziyaretçiler bu yeri filmden hatrlayacaklardr.

ENGLISH

1. Basilica Cistern

2. The Basilica Cistern, also referred to as the Sunken Palace, is under the streets of Istanbul, and it’s the largest one in the city. There are hundreds of cisterns from ancient times located there, and this particular one dates to the 500s when Emperor Justinian reigned. The cistern was originally built under the Stoa Basilica.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BASILICA CISTERN 2 3. The subterranean structure is about the size of a cathedral, and it held a massive amount of water, supplying the nearby palace and also neighborhood residents with water. There are more than three hundred columns made of marble inside the cistern supporting the ceiling. The columns are mostly done in Corinthian and Ionic styles, although there are some done in the Doric style. The engravings on the bases of the columns show various images, including tears, which ancient texts reveal were meant to pay homage to the slaves who were killed while working on the cistern. About seven thousand slaves worked on the cistern, and historic texts say that hundreds of them were killed during the construction. Many of the columns that support the cistern appear to have come from other places. Historians believe they were repurposed from older buildings that had sat in ruins.

4. Going down into the cistern requires visitors to go down fifty-two steps. The top of the steps is located right next to the tram, so it is easy to find the Basilica Cistern. Visitors who have seen From Russia with Love, a James Bond film from 1963, may recognize it as one of the locations where the film was set.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

yer altı subterranean

sarnıç cistern

varlık existence

bazilika basilica

sütun column

gravür engraving

saygı duymak/anısına homage

köle slave

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BASILICA CISTERN 3 Yer altı tüneli, millerce devam ediyordu. Sarnıç, kaleye su ta⇥ımaktaydı.

"The subterranean tunnel went on for "The cistern carried water from the stream miles and miles." to the castle."

Onun varlı⇤ını güç bela kabul ediyordu. Bazilika, hürmet ve ibadet edilen bir

yerdi. "He barely acknowledged her existence." “The basilica was a place of reverence and worship.”

Sütunların görkemli dizili⇥i, ona Beyaz Gravürler, bugüne dek hiç görmedi⇤i Saray'ı hatırlattı. muhte⇥em sanat eserleriydi.

"The stately design with the columns "The engravings were an incredible piece reminded him of the White House." of art unlike anything he had ever seen."

⌅arkı, uzun süre önce kaybolmu⇥ bir Köleler, sabahtan ak⇥ama kadar ya⇥am biçiminin anısınaydı. çalı⇥tırılıyordu.

"The song paid homage to a lifestyle that "The slaves were made to work before is long gone." dawn until long after dusk."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Yerebatan Sarnıcı'nın en göze çarpan özelliklerinden birisi iki sütunun dibine oyulan iki Medusa ba⇥ıdır. Bu ba⇥lar, ba⇥ka bir yerden getirilmi⇥ ve sarnıcın yapımında kullanılmı⇥tır. Tarihçiler, bu ba⇥ların bir ba⇥ka binadan gelmi⇥ oldu⇤unu rivayet etse de tam olarak nereden geldi⇤ini bilmemektedirler. Ba⇥lardan birisi yan, di⇤eri ise ters çevrilmi⇥tir çünkü inanı⇥a göre bu, Medusanın ona bakan ki⇥ileri ta⇥a çevirmemesi amacıyla yapılmı⇥tır. Geleneksel olarak Medusa, üç Gorgon'dan biri olan, yılanlı bir ba⇥a sahip di⇥i yaratıktır. Kime bakarsa baksın onu ta⇥a çevirmektedir.

How to Incapacitate Medusa

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BASILICA CISTERN 4 One of the most remarkable features of the Basilica Cistern is the two Medusa heads, which are carved on the bottoms of two columns. The bases actually came from somewhere else and were reused in the construction. Historians do not know where they came from, although they believe that they had been taken out of another building. One of the heads is sideways and the other is upside down because it was believed that this took the power out of the eyes of the Medusas, who supposedly turned to stone anyone who looked at them. Traditionally, Medusa was one of three Gorgons, which were female creatures with hair that consisted of snakes. Whenever she looked at someone, they turned to stone.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BASILICA CISTERN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #7 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Marmaris

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 7

1. Marmaris

2. Bir Türk ehri olan Marmaris, Akdeniz’de yer alr ve bölgedeki önemli turizm yerlerinden biridir. Birkaç yl önce, buras yalnzca bir balkç kasabasyd ancak 1980li yllarda çkan inaat izniyle turistlerin popüler bir tatil bölgesine dönütü. Marmaris, iki da arasndaki sahilde esiz bir yerde yer almaktadr.

3. Binlerce yldr Marmaris bölgesinde bir medeniyet bulunmaktadr. Esasen tarihçiler bu ehrin kurulduu tarihi tam olarak bilmemektedirler. Eski ça tarihçilerinden Herodot, burada M.Ö. 3,000 ylnda bir kale olduunu rivayet etmitir. imdi duran kale ise 1522 ylnda inaa edilmi ve restorasyonlar 1979 ylna kadar sürmütür. Bugün bu kale, dünyann farkl noktalarndan turist çeken bir müzedir.

4. Genellikle deniz turu, dal ve sandalla açlmay seven turistler kasabay ziyaret ederler. Dier popüler aktiviteler Türk halk oyunlar, ciple yaplan safariler ve hamamlardr. Marmaris’te ziyaret edilebilecek en ünlü yerlerden birisi “pamuktan kale” olarak tercüme edilebilecek olan Pamukkale’dir. Bembeyaz bir kayalk adna uygun bir ekilde isimlendirilmitir ve burayla ilgili enteresan olan gerçeklik, burasnn bin yllk süreçte mineral banyolar ve termal elalelerden olumasdr.

5. Yaknlarndaki Dalyan beldesi de Marmaris’te kalan turistler için bir dier popüler mekandr. Beldede, antik mezarlar, deltas, kumsallar ve çamur banyosu ile ünlüdür. Ayrca Caretta Caretta deniz kaplumbaalarnn doal yaam alanlarndan biridir.

ENGLISH

1. Marmaris

2. The Turkish city of Marmaris sits right on the Mediterranean Sea and is a major tourist destination in the region. Just decades ago, it was a small fishing village, but in the 1980s a spike in construction in the town made it into a popular place for tourists to vacation. Marmaris is located in a unique position between two mountain ranges and on the coast.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MARMARIS 2 3. There has been human civilization in the Marmaris region for thousands of years. In fact, historians do not know when the city was founded. The ancient historian Herodotus recorded long ago that there was a castle there as early as 3000 B.C. The current castle structure was built in 1522, and restorations on it have been ongoing since 1979. Today it is a museum that draws tourists from all over the world.

4. Tourists who enjoy sailing, diving, and boating often visit the town. Other popular activities in the town include Turkish folk dancing, jeep safaris, and going to the Turkish bath. One of the most popular places to visit in Marmaris is Pamukkale, which roughly translates as “cotton castle.” The pure white mountain is aptly named, and what’s especially interesting about it is the fact that it has been created by the mineral baths and thermal springs that have been slowly forming it over millennia.

5. The nearby town of Dalyan is another popular place for tourists to visit when they stay in Marmaris. The town is home to ancient tombs, a river lined with reeds, sandy beaches, and mud baths. It is also the one of the native areas of the Caretta caretta sea turtles.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

safari safari

cip jeep

halk folk

bin yıl millennia

termal thermal

mineral mineral

yara⇥ır/uygun aptly

tarihçi historian

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MARMARIS 3 Aile safariye gitmekten ve vahi yaamı Cipin vitesi bozuldu ve bu yüzden gözlemlemekten keyif aldı. da⇤daki yokutan çıkamadı.

"The family loved going on safaris and "The jeep's transmission went out, so it hunting wild game." couldn't climb the steep mountain."

Halk oyunu, nesilden nesile aktarılan bir Bin yıl boyunca kahramanlık hikayeleri gelenektir. hep var olmutur.

"Folk dancing is a tradition that is often "Throughout the millennia, there have passed down from one generation to the always been stories of heroism." next."

Termal havuzlar, a⇤rıyan kasları Mineral banyolara gezinti, dinlendirici ve gevetmek için rahatlatıcı bir yöntemdir. rahatlatıcıydı.

"The thermal pools were a relaxing way to "A trip to the mineral baths was refreshing soothe sore muscles." and relaxing."

Çikolata laboratuvarı, kahverengi Tarihçiler dönemleri incelemeyi ve kaplamasından ötürü adına yaraır bir olayların nasıl ve neden cereyan etti⇤ini ekilde "Java" olarak isimlendirilmiti. anlamayı severler.

"The chocolate labrador was aptly named "Historians love to look through time and 'Java' for her coffee-brown coat." understand how and why things happened."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Marmaris'in tarihindeki en önemli olaylardan birisi Hellenistik Ça⇤ı'nda gerçekle⇥mi⇥tir. Büyük ⌅skender ve ordusu bölgeyi istila ederek kaleyi ele geçirmi⇥tir. O zamanlar kentte 600 ki⇥i ya⇥ıyordu ve orduya kar⇥ı koyamayacaklarının farkındaydılar. Bu yüzden kalenin içine girerek de⇤erli e⇥yalarını yakmı⇥lar, bu sayede ordu herhangi bir ⇥eyi talan etmek için bir ⇥ey bulamamı⇥tır. Daha sonra da ailelerini alıp civardaki da⇤lık alanlara kaçmı⇥lardır. Her ne kadar Marmaris içindeki evlerde de⇤erli hiçbir ⇥ey kalmamı⇥ olsa da ordular kaleyi stratejik olarak önemli gördüklerinden dolayı tamir etmi⇥tir.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MARMARIS 4 Avoiding Alexander

One of the major events in the history of Marmaris happened some time in the Hellenistic Age. Alexander the Great invaded the area, and his armies besieged the castle. At that time there were about six hundred people living in the town, and they knew that they were powerless against the armies, so they went into the castle to burn their valuable items so that the invaders wouldn't have anything to loot. Then the people took their families and escaped to the hills in the surrounding area. Although there was no monetary value left in the homes inside Marmaris, the armies did repair the castle because they saw that it provided a strategic position for their soldiers to hold.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MARMARIS 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #8 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Nemrut Dagi National Park

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 8

1. Nemrut Da Milli Park

2. Nemrut Da Milli Park, deniz seviyesinden 7,000 feet yükseklikteki Nemrut Da’nn üzerinde yer alr.Parkta, M.Ö. 1’inci yüzylda yaam bir medeniyetin kalntlar olduuna inanlan bir mezarlk etrafnda büyük ebatta heykeller bulunur. UNESCO, Milli Park 1987’de Dünya Miraslar’na almtr. Milli Park ziyaret etmek isteyen pek çok turist buraya Haziran ve Austos aylar arasnda arabayla, otobüsle veya Adyaman’dan helikopterle geçerler. Turizm acentalar ayrca Malatya’dan gecelik seyahatlar sunmaktadr.

3. Heykellerin, Kral Antiochos I Theos tarafndan M.Ö. 62 ylnda yapld sanlmaktadr. Kral ve Ermeni, ranl, Yunan geleneklerinden gelen çeitli tanrlar tasvir etmilerdir. Ayrca iki kartal, iki de aslanl heykel bulunmaktadr. Heykeller dikildiinde, düzgün bir pozisyondaydlar ve tanrlarn adlar üzerlerine kaznmtr. Baz uzmanlar, tarihsel süreçte putkranlarn bu heykellere zarar verdiklerine inanmaktadr çünkü hasarn büyük bir bölümü burunlara ve balara yaplm ve pek çou ayrlmtr. Dierleri ise heykellerin balarnn hasar görmesini depremlere balamaktadr.

4. Bölgede ayrca Kral Antiochos’un Pers ve Yunan soyundan olan atalarnn tasvir edildii doal kaplama talarndan oluan kabartmalar bulunmaktadr. Tümülüste ayrca heykellerde ve kabartmalarda yer alan ayn resimler gösterilmektedir. Büyük bir kaplama tanda takm yldzlar ve Mars, Merkür ve Jüpiter’in gökte nasl dizildikleri gösterilir.

ENGLISH

1. Nemrut Dagi National Park

2. Nemrut Dagi National Park sits on the top of Mount Nemrut about seven thousand feet above sea level. The park consists of a large group of massive statues that stand around a tomb that is believed to contain the remains of royalty who lived during the first century B.C. UNESCO recognized the park as a World Heritage Site in 1987. Most tourists who visit the park go there between June and August, traveling by car, bus, or helicopter from Adiyaman, a nearby town. Tourism agencies also offer overnight trips from the city of Malatya.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NEMRUT DAGI NATIONAL PARK 2 3. The statues are believed to have been built by King Antiochus I Theos in 62 B.C. They depict the king and various gods from Armenian, Iranian, and Greek tradition. There are also two statues of eagles and two of lions. When the statues were originally erected, they were in a seated position, and the gods’ names were inscribed on them. Some experts believe iconoclasts damaged the statues throughout history because most of the damage has been done to the noses and the heads, many of which have been severed. Others believe earthquakes were responsible for knocking the heads off of the statues.

4. The site is also home to pieces of stone slabs that are believed to have been part of a huge frieze depicting King Antiochus’ ancestors on both the Persian and Green sides of his family line. The tumulus there also shows many of the same images shown in the statues and the stone slabs. A massive slab also shows constellations and how the plants Mars, Mercury, and Jupiter are arranged in the sky.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

ayrıcalık royalty

tümülüs tumulus

kabartma frieze

tasvir depict

dikmek erect

kazımak inscribe

putyıkan iconoclast

ayrılmak sever

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NEMRUT DAGI NATIONAL PARK 3 Kadın, kocasından ona ayrıcalıklı Tümülüs, içindeki insana hem bir mezar davranmasını istedi. hem de bir anıt görevi görmü⇥tü.

"The woman demanded that her husband "The tumulus served as both a tomb and a treat her like royalty." monument to the person who was buried there."

Kabartma, tanrıların ve yarı tanrıların ⇤mparatoru tasvir eden heykel onu daha tasviriyle oldukça dinseldi. az saygın göstermi⇥ti.

"The frieze was largely religious in its “A sculpture depicting the emperor depiction of gods and demi-gods." showed him in a less than flattering way.”

⇤nsanlar bölgeye, sava⇥ın tarihini Sanatçı, heykellerin yüzeyine konu hatırlatan bir anıt diktiler. isimlerini kazıdı.

"The people erected a monument at the "The artist inscribed the names of the site to remember the day of the battle." sculptures' subjects on the bases of them."

Putyıkanlar, geleneksel dini resimler ve Kral, hırsızın ba⇥ının boynundan sembolleri yıkan veya tahrip etmeye ayrılmasını emretti. inanmı⇥ ki⇥ilerdi. "The king ordered the thief's head to be "Iconoclasts were the ones who felt it was severed from his body." necessary to destroy or mar traditional pieces of religious art or images."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Nemrut Da⇥ı Milli Parkı, yüzyıllardır dünyanın en sır dolu yerlerinden biridir. Tarihte heykellerin hangi tarihte ortaya çıktıkları tam olarak bilinmemektedir ancak 1881 yılında Alman bir mühendisin yeni ula⇤ım yolları kurarken bölgeye rastlaması sonucu yeniden ke⇤fedildi⇥i bilinmektedir. Günümüzde bölgenin, Kral Antiochos önderli⇥inde birkaç nesil devam eden Kommagene mezhebinin önemli bir yeri oldu⇥u dü⇤ünülmektedir. Mezhep muhtemelen Kral Antiochos'un krallı⇥ının Pers ve Yunan kısmını biraraya getirmi⇤tir çünkü tarih boyunca aralarında ithilaf bulunmaktaydı.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NEMRUT DAGI NATIONAL PARK 4 Surprise Statues

Nemrut Dagi National Park was one of the world's best kept secrets for centuries. It is unknown how long after these statues were put up that they dropped out of human history, but we do know that they were rediscovered in 1881 when an engineer from Germany who was tasked with setting up new transportation routes stumbled across the statues. Today the site is believed to have been an important place for the Cult of Commagene, which was possibly started by King Antiochus and only lasted a generation or two beyond his death. The cult was possibly created to bring together the Persian and Greek halves of King Antiochus' kingdom because there was much controversy between them during this time.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NEMRUT DAGI NATIONAL PARK 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #9 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: Troy

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 9

1. Truva

2. Truva, Türkiye’de da Da yaknlarnda yer alr. Kent, lyada Destan gibi pek çok kaynakta anlatlan Truva Sava’yla ünlüdür. Kent ayrca baz tarihi yazlarda lium ismiyle bilinir. 1998 ylnda UNESCO, kentin arkeolojik kazlarn Dünya Miraslar listesine eklemitir.

3. Tarihi Truva ehri sahilden birkaç mil içerde bir tepenin üzerinde yer alr. Bölgenin tarihçesi 4,000 yl önceye kadar uzanmakta ve dünyann en önemli arkeolojik alanlarndan biri olduu kabul edilmektedir. Bölgedeki ilk kazlar, 1871 tarihinde yaplmtr. Tarihi eserler, kentin M.Ö. 4’üncü binyln ikinci yarsnda ve duvarn M.Ö. 3000 yllarnda inaa edildiini belirtir. Arkeolojik alan M.Ö. 3000 ylnda balayp M.Ö. 1000 ylna kadar uzanan dokuz farkl tarihi kalnt katman oluturmutur. Tarihsel süreçte pek çok olay ehri ykm veya onu oldukça tahrip etmitir. Bu çeitli katmanlar, 4000 yllk süreçteki çeitli dönemler hakknda önemli bilgiler tamaktadr.

4. Ünlü Truva Sava, M.Ö. 1300lü yllarn bandan M.Ö. 1100lü yllarn sonu arasnda bir yerde gerçeklemitir. Arkeologlar bu kalntlar, bölgedeki arkeolojik kalntlarn yedinci katman olan Truva VII olarak tanmlamtr. Truva Sava ve Ortaça’daki Yunan Epik Döngüsü, Truva’y dier bölgelerin kurulu hikayeleriyle balantl olan efsaneleriyle ünlü yapmtr. Hatta Norveç ve zlanda efsaneleri, atalarn Troy’a dayandrr.

ENGLISH

1. Troy

2. Troy is located in Turkey next to Mount Ida. The city is most famous as the location of the Trojan War, which is described in many sources, most famously in Homer’s Iliad. The city has also been known by the name Ilium in other historical texts. In 1998, UNESCO added the city’s archeological digs to its World Heritage list of important historical sites.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TROY 2 3. The historic city of Troy sat on a hill a couple of miles from the coastline. The site’s history dates back four thousand years, and it is one of the world’s most well-known archeological locations. The first excavation at the site was done in 1871. Artifacts date the city to the latter half of the fourth millennium B.C and the wall to about 3000 B.C. The archeological field has established nine different layers of ruins, starting at 3000 B.C. and going up to the first century BC. Various events throughout history destroyed or severely damaged the city, and the various layers hold important information about various periods throughout the last four thousand years.

4. The famous Trojan War has been dated to sometime between the early 1300s to the late 1100s B.C. Archeologists place the ruins from this date in history in Troy VII, which is the seventh layer of archeological ruins at the site. The Trojan War and the Greek Epic Cycle from Medieval times made Troy famous, creating other myths that relate founding stories of other places. Even Norse and Icelandic legends trace the region’s ancestors to Troy.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

miras heritage

harabe ruin

arkeolojik archeological

kurulu founding

efsane myth

epik epic

norveç norse

ata ancestor

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TROY 3 Ebeveynler genellikle çocuklarına kendi ⇥ehir, yıkıcı bir depremle harabeye miraslarını aktarmaya isteklidir. döndü.

"Parents are often eager to teach their "The city was left in ruins after a children about their heritage." devastating earthquake."

Arkeolojik bulgular, bu insanların bir avcı Ülkenin kurulu⌅u tarihinde önemli bir kabilesi oldu⇤unu gösteriyordu. gurur noktasıydı.

"The archeological evidence seems to "The founding of the country is a proud indicate that the people were a hunting point in its history." and gathering society."

Tanrılar ve insanlar arasındaki etkile⌅imi Vergil, ancak kısa bir ⌅iir formu gösteren pek efsane bulunmaktadır. sayesinde bir epik oldu.

"There have been many myths about "Vergil only turned to epics after writing interactions between gods and humans." shorter-form poetry."

Norveç mitolojisi, dünyadaki en ünlü Atalarımız pek çok kendine has hikayelerin birkaçına sahiptir. özelliklerini, nesiller boyunca

aktarmı⌅lardır. "Norse mythology includes some of the most famous stories in the world." "Our ancestors have handed down various traits, even through many generations."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Truva'nın tarihinde, bölgenin pek çok katmanındaki ilk kazılardan beri açıklanmayan bin yıllık bir geçmi yer almaktadır, hatta günümüzde dahi bu bin yıl arkeolojik tartıma konusudur. Tarihteki bu boluk M.Ö. 1800 - 800 yılları arasına Truva Savaı ve ⇤lyada Destanı'nın gerçekleti⌅i tarihleri içeren bir döneme denk gelir. Bu, Calvert'in Bin Yıllık Bolu⌅u olarak bilinir ve bu döneme ait tek ipucu, ⇤lyada Destanı'nda anlatılana benzer ekilde olan ehrin duvarlarındaki zayıf bir bölümündeki kazı çalıması sonucu ortaya çıkmıtır. Bu kazı çalıması sonucu bulunan çömlekler, Truva Savaı'nda Truvalılar'a saldıran Mikenliler'e ait bir ba⌅lantıyı göstermektedir. Ancak ehrin bu bölümünün Truva Savaı'ndan önce bir zamanda

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TROY 4 bir depremle yıkılmı gibi gözükmektedir. Bunun dıındaki yıkımlar, savaın sonucu oluan yıkımlardır.

The Missing...Century

There is a thousand years in Troy's history that were originally unaccounted for in the early excavations of the site's many layers, and even today these thousand years are the topic of archeological debate. This gap falls between 1800 and 800 B.C, which includes the period of time that encapsulated the Trojan War and the events of Homer's Iliad. It's known as Calvert's Thousand Year Gap, and the only clue to this time period came in one excavation that seemed to uncover a weaker part of the city's wall, similar to a section of the wall described in the Iliad. Pottery found in this part of the excavation also shows some sort of link between the Mycenaeans, who were recorded as the group of people attacking Troy during the Trojan War. However, destruction of this part of the city appeared to have been caused by an earthquake, which would place it before the Trojan War. The next section of destruction is the one that appears to have been destroyed by war.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: TROY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #10 Top 10 Turkish Tourist Destinations: The Blue Mosque

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 10

1. Sultan Ahmet Camii

2. stanbul’da yer alan Sultan Ahmet Camii, “Mavi Camii” olarak da bilinir ve Türkiye’deki en büyük camiidir. Ayrca 1453-1923 yllar arasnda Osmanl mparatorluu’nun bakenti olarak hizmet vermitir. Bu isimle anlmasnn nedeni, yapnn içindeki mavi çinilerdir. Önemli bir turizm mekan olmasnn yansra günümüzde halen Müslümanlarn cami olarak kullandklar bir ibadet yeridir.

3. Mavi Cami 1609-1616 yllar arasnda Padiah I. Ahmet döneminde inaa edilmitir. Ayn zamanda imarethane ve medrese olarak da kullanlan Padiah I. Ahmet’in türbesi, caminin içinde yer alr. Mimari tasarm Bizans ve Osmanl izlerini tamaktadr. Caminin cephesi köe kubbelerin üzerinde kulelerden olumaktadr. Bunun dndaki cepheler, yine stanbul’da yer alan Süleymaniye Camii’ne benzemektedir.

4. Mavi Cami’nin içinde Nicaea antik kenti olarak da bilinen znik’ten gelen 20,000’in üzerinde el ii çini bulunmaktadr. Karmak çiniler, alt ksmda geleneksel, galeri bölümünde ise rengarenk desenlerle süslü 50’nin üzerinde farkl tipte lalelerden olumaktadr. ç mekann üst bölümleri maviye boyanm ve 200’ün üzerinde renkli cam oldukça karmak bir tasarm meydana getirmitir.

5. Mavi Cami’yi ziyaret eden turistler, ayakkablarn çkarmaya ve uygun bir ekilde giyinmeye dikkat etmelilerdir. Kadnlarn balarn örtmesi gerekmektedir. Camiye girmek için balarn örtebilecekleri earplar bölgeden salanabilir.

6. Mavi Cami’yi ziyaret edilebilecek en güzel zamanlar yaz aylardr. Akamlar tarihi hikayeler anlatlr ve k gösterileri mevcuttur.

ENGLISH

1. The Blue Mosque

2. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul is commonly called the “Blue Mosque,” and it’s the largest one in all of Turkey. It also served as the Ottoman Empire’s capital between 1453 and 1923. The reason for the nickname is the blue colored tiles that cover the walls inside the building. In spite of the structure being a major tourist destination, it is still a place of worship for Muslims, and is still in use as a mosque today.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THE BLUE MOSQUE 2 3. The Blue Mosque was built between the years of 1609 and 1616 while King Ahmed I was reigning. King Ahmed I is entombed inside the mosque, which also holds a hospice and a madrasah. The architectural design has both Byzantine and Ottoman elements to it. The mosque’s façade includes turrets on the domes over the corners of the buildings. The rest of the structure’s face is similar to that of the Suleymaniye Mosque, which is also located in Istanbul.

4. Inside the Blue Mosque, there are over twenty thousand ceramic tiles that have been made by hand in the city of Iznik, which is also the ancient city of Nicaea. The intricate tiles have more than fifty unique designs of tulips, with the traditional designs being used toward the lower level and more flamboyant designs up in the gallery. The upper levels of the interior are mostly covered in blue paint, and there are also over two hundred stained glass windows showing some very complex designs.

5. Tourists should note that if they visit the Blue Mosque, they will have to take their shoes off and dress modestly. Women are required to cover their heads. Scarves are provided in the event that a woman wants to enter but has nothing to cover her head with.

6. One of the greatest times to visit the Blue Mosque is during the summer. On many evenings, a historical narrative is told, and there are also light shows.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

takma isim/anılan isim nickname

hikaye narrative

dönem reign

⇥marethane hospice

medrese madrasah

defnetmek entomb

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THE BLUE MOSQUE 3 cephe façade

gösteri⇤li/renkli flamboyant

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Tartı⇥manın orta yerinde çok güçlü bir Hikaye oldukça uzun ve sıkıcıydı.

isimle anıldı⇤ını ö⇤rendi. "The narrative was very long and "She earned her nickname by being very extremely boring." strong in the midst of controversy."

Kral'ın döneminde, halkın kraliyeti ⌅marethane, ölümcül hastaların huzur karı⇥tırması yasaklanmı⇥tı. içinde ölüme u⇤urlandı⇤ı bir yerdir.

"During the king's reign, the people were "A hospice is a place for a terminally ill prohibited from mingling with royalty." person to die in peace."

Ö⇤renciler her gün görevlerinin Firavun, saygın bir yere defnedilmi⇥ti.

bilincinde olarak medreseye "The pharaoh was entombed in a place of katılıyorlardı. honor." "The students attended the madrasah dutifully every day."

Binanın cephesi yıllar boyunca oldukça Görünümü ve jestleriyle karde⇥inden dökülmü⇥tü. daha gösteri⇥liydi.

"The building's façade had crumbled quite "He was far more flamboyant in his a bit over the years." appearance and gestures than his brother was."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Yapının en bilinen özelli⌅i altı minareye sahip olmasıdır. Camilerin ço⌅unda sadece dört minaret bulunmaktadır. Bir efsaneye göre padi⇤ah, mimara minareleri altından yapmasını

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THE BLUE MOSQUE 4 söylemi⇤tir, ancak Türkçe'de "altın" kelimesi "altı" kelimesine benzedi⌅inden mimar bunu yanlı⇤ anlamı⇤tır. Caminin yapımı bittikten sonra altı minaret, ⇥slam dünyasında tartı⇤malar yaratmı⇤tır. Müslümanların en kutsal saydıkları mekan olan Mekke'deki Mescid-i Haram'ın da altı minaresi bulunmaktadır. Padi⇤ah o dönemde Mekke'ye onu Mavi Cami'nin önüne geçirmesi için yedinci bir minare eklenmesini buyurmu⇤tur.

A Controversial Mistake

Probably the most recognized feature of the building is the six minarets that sit on the top. Most mosques only have one to four minarets. A legend about the minarets says that the sultan supposedly told the architect to build minarets made of gold, but the word for "gold" is similar to the word for "six" in Turkish. After the mosque's completion, the six minarets caused a major controversy in the world of Islam. The Haram Mosque in Mecca, the place Muslims consider to be the holiest in the world, had six minarets as well. The sultan ordered that a seventh minaret be added at Mecca to raise that mosque back above the Blue Mosque.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 TURKISH TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THE BLUE MOSQUE 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #11 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Trabzon

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 11

1. Trabzon

2. Bir Türk ehri olan Trabzon, Karadeniz kysnda, Asya’y Akdeniz ile balayan tarihi ticaret yolu pek Yolu üzerinde yer alr. ehrin pek Yolu üzerinde yer almas, dou ile bat birbiri içine girerken kültürel bir kaynamaya neden olmutur. Trabzon, M.Ö. 756 yllarnda bir ticaret kolonisi olarak kurulmutur. Aslinda Karadeniz kiyisinda kurulan bircok yerlesim yerlerinden biri olmasina ragmen ve daha sonra 6. Mithridates Eupator yonetimindeki Pontus kralligi icin cok onemli bir liman sehri haline gelmistir. Romalilar doneminde, Firat vadisine erisim saglanmasi icin onemli yollarin kullanimi verilmistir. Dorduncu hacli seferi sonrasinda da yaklasik 200 yuzyil boyunca, Karadenizin kuzey dogusunu kontrol eden Trabzon imparatorlugu tarafindan yonetilmistir.

3. Bugünlerde ticaret, halen ehrin en önemli endüstrilerinden biri konumundadr. 20. yüzyln balarnda limana, gemileri yükleyip boaltmak için vinçler kurulmutur.

4. Trabzon’da “Trabzon Kalesi” gibi tarihi eserlerin görülebilecei pek çok ilgi çekici yer vardr. Ancak buras askeri bir bölge içinde yer alr, bu yüzden ziyaretçiler tam olarak bu kaleyi ziyaret edememektedir. ehrin panoramik manzarasna, ehrin tepeliklerinde küçük bir bahçe olan Boztepe Park’ndan ulalr. Muhtemelen ehirde, turistlerin en önemli urak noktalarndan bir tanesi, Bizans mimarisinin çarpc örneklerinden biri olan Ayasofya Müzesi (Kilisesi)’dir. Turistler ayrca halen tarihi pazarlarn özelliklerini tam cazip bir pazar olan kent pazar bölgesinde alveri yapabilirler.

ENGLISH

1. Trabzon

2. The Turkish city of Trabzon sits right on the Black Sea along the Silk Road, an ancient trade route that linked Asia with the Mediterranean. The city’s location on the Silk Road created a cultural melting pot as East collided with West. Trabzon was founded sometime around 756 B.C. as a trading colony. It was one of many established along the shore of the Black Sea, and later became a key port for the kingdom of Pontus under Mithridates VI Eupator. Under the Romans it offered access to important new roads granting access to the Euphrates valley. For about 200 years following the Fourth Crusade, the city served as the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, which controlled the southeastern shore of the Black Sea.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: TRABZON 2 3. Today trade is still one of the most important industries in the city. In the early twentieth century, cranes were erected in the harbor to assist with loading and unloading ships.

4. There are many points of interest in Trabzon, like Trabzon Castle, the ruins of which are visible. However, they are located in a military zone, so visitors can not actually go to the ruins. A panoramic view of the city is available from Boztepe Park, a small garden on the hills over the city. Probably the most important tourist destination in the city is the Hagia Sophia church, which is a stunning example of Byzantine architecture. Travelers may also wish to do some shopping in the city’s bazaar district, which is a charming market that still has features of older markets.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

birbirine girmek collide

vinç crane

dikmek erect

mha etme/katletme extermination

alabora olmak/devrilmek capsize

panoramik panoramic

Çar⇥ı/Pazar bazaar

cazibeli/çekici charming

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: TRABZON 3 ⇥i ve ev ya⇥antısı, o kötü günde aniden A⌅ır yük vinçleri büyük konteynırları birbirine girdi. ta⇥ımada kullanılmı⇥tır.

"Her work and home lives collided "Heavy cranes were used to move large suddenly on that fateful day." shipping crates."

nsanlar bölgeye, sava⇥ın tarihini Tüm medeniyetin katledilmesini hatırlatan bir anıt diktiler. dü⇥ünmek ürkütücü.

"The people erected a monument at the "It is horrifying to think about the site to remember the day of the battle." extermination of entire cultures."

Sandal, gölün ortasında alabora oldu ve Panoramik manzara kesinlikle heyecan kurtulan olmadı. vericiydi.

"The small boat capsized in the middle of "The panoramic view was absolutely the lake, and there were no survivors." breathtaking."

Çar⇥ı, baharattan deri ürünlerine her Kız, adamın çok çekici oldu⌅unu türden malla doluydu. dü⇥ünmü⇥tü.

"The bazaar was filled with all kinds of "She thought he was just too charming." goods, from spices to leather work."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

pek Yolu üzerinde bulunan konumundan ötürü Trabzon, daima do⌅u ve batı kültürleri arasında bir geçi⇥ kapısı olmu⇥tur. Dünyada Hristiyanlar'ın ve Müslümanlar'ın bir arada ya⇥adı⌅ı nadir yerlerden biridir. ⇧ehrin bir di⌅er önemli kültürü, Trabzon'a özgü halk oyunu olan Horon'dur. Her ya⇥tan erkekler ve kadınlar, çe⇥itli ⇥enliklerde ve hasat zamanlarında bu oyunu oynarlar. Ruslar'ın Kazak sınıfının danslarına benzemektedir, ancak bundan ayrılan pek çok noktası vardır.

A Unique Dance

Because of its location on the Silk Road, Trabzon has always been a gateway between

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: TRABZON 4 Eastern and Western cultures. It is one of the few parts of the world in which Christians and Muslims live together. One important part of the culture in the city is folk dancing, especially the Horon dance, which is specific to Trabzon. Men and women of all ages perform the dance together at various celebrations and at harvest. It is similar to other dances of the Russian Cossack variety, but it still has a number of features that set it apart.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: TRABZON 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #12 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Adana

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 12

1. Adana

2. Adana, Türkiye’nin önemli tarm ve ticaret merkezlerinden biridir. ehir merkezi, Akdeniz’den 24 kilometre (15 mil) uzaklkta, Seyhan nehri üzerine kurulmutur. Adana- Mersin Büyükehir Bölgesi’nin bir bölümünü oluturur.

3. Adana topraklar çounlukla düz ve oldukça verimli olduundan dolay dünyann en bereketli tarm alanlarndan biri olarak saylmaktadr. Bölge, M.Ö. 6000 ylndan beri bir yerleim yeridir ve Adana da muhtemelen bu bölgedeki en eski ehirdir. Sümer Destan Glgam’ta, her ne kadar özellikle bu ehir olup olmad bilinmese de, Adana adnda bir yerden bahsedilmitir.

4. Adana ismi Homerosdan onceye dayanmaktadir ve ismin tam olarak nereden geldigi bir tartisma konusudur. Bazi bilim adamlari ismin Hititlerden geldigini, bazilari da Adana isminin mitolojik Danaus yada Danoi ile baglantili oldugunu one surer. Danoi ismi Homerosun yunanlilara verdigi isimdir. Bu baglantilar Misirda bulunan MO 1437 de yasamis Thutmosis hükümdarl yazitlarina dayanir.

5. Adana ekonomisinin büyük bölümü, ehri çevreleyen zengin ve bereketli topraklar sayesinde tarma dayaldr. Ayrca deri ve tekstil, ehrin önemli sanayilerindendir. Buna ek olarak, burada pek çok büyük ölçekli iletmenin bölge merkezi bulunmaktadr.

6. Bu ehir, ilk olarak 1882 tarihinde inaa edilen, daha sonra Fransz igalinde ar hasar gördüünden ötürü 1935’te tekrar inaa edilen Türkiye’nin en büyük saat kulesine ev sahiplii yapar. ehrin ziyaretçileri ayrca çok sayda park, yeil alan, müze ve ehrin çeitli bölgelerine dalan dier tarihi yerleri gezebilirler.

ENGLISH

1. Adana

2. Adana is a major center for agriculture and commerce in the nation of Turkey. It sits on the Seyhan River about fifteen miles from the Mediterranean Sea. It forms part of the metropolis that is the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ADANA 2 3. The land around Adana is mostly flat and extremely fertile, which is why it is considered to be one of the world’s most agriculturally productive regions. The area has been populated since 6000 B.C., and Adana is probably the oldest city there. The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh talks about a place called Adana, although it is not known if it is this particular city.

4. The name “Adana” pre-dates Homer and is the subject of some controversy. Some scholars believe it comes from Hittite, while others suggest it’s linked to the mythological Danaus or the related Danaoi - a name which Homer applied broadly to the Greek peoples. Related names may be linked to inscriptions found in Egypt as far back as the reign of Thutmosis II in 1437 BC.

5. The bulk of Adana’s economy comes from agriculture because of the rich, fertile plains surrounding the city. Leather and textiles are also major industries in the city. In addition several large corporations have regional headquarters there.

6. The city is home to Turkey’s largest clock tower, which was originally built in 1882, although it had to be rebuilt in 1935 after the structure was severely damaged during the French occupation of the city. Visitors will also find numerous parks, green areas, museums, and other historical locations scattered throughout the city.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

metropol/büyükehir metropolis

bereketli/verimli: fertile

tarımsal agriculturally

destan epic

sümerli sumerian

katliam massacre

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ADANA 3 Büyükehrin 2 milyon nüfusu vardı. Zengin ve bereketli topraklar, her yıl bol

ekin verir. "The metropolis had a population of two million people." "The rich, fertile lands turn out a bountiful crop every year."

Dünyanın bazı bölgeleri tarımsal açıdan Destan, tanrıların bir kadın için çok verimli de⇤ildir. savatı⇤ını söylüyor.

"Some parts of the world are not very "The epic told of gods who were fighting productive agriculturally." over a human female."

Sümer yazıları arkeloglarca uzun uzun Katliam, binlerce kiinin ölümüne yol incelenmitir. açtı.

"Sumerian texts have long been studied "The massacre resulted in thousands of by archeologists." deaths."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Adana'nın, ismini nerden aldı⇤ına dair pek çok hikaye vardır. Bazı kaynaklar bu ismin bir Hitit ismi oldu⇤unu iddia ederken ⌅lyada Destanı gibi kaynaklarda ehrin ismi kesin olarak tanımlanır. Yunanlılar ve Romalılar dönemindeki eski bir efsane, ismi, tanrı Uranüs'un iki o⇤lu Sarus ve Adanus'un hikayesine dayandırır. Bir baka efsane, ehrin isminin Hitit, Babil ve Sümer geleneklerindeki imek tanrısı Adad'dan geldi⇤ini söyler. Bu efsane, ayrıca imek tanrısının bölgeye sa⇤nak ya⇤murlar getirdi⇤ini ve insanlara büyük miktarda ekin yetitirme imkanı sa⇤ladı⇤ını belirterek bölgenin bereketli topraklarını, bu isimle ilikilendirir.

An Argument in Name Only

There are numerous stories about how Adana received its name. Some sources claim the name is Hittite, while other sources like Homer's Iliad definitively identify the city by its name. An ancient legend from Greek and Roman times traces the name to the story of Sarus and Adanus, who were the god Uranus' two sons. Another legend says the city's name came from

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ADANA 4 Adad, who was the thunder god in ancient Hittite, Babylonian, and Sumerian traditions. This legend also links the name with the rich fertile land around the area, saying that the thunder god brought large amounts of rain and made it possible for the people there to grow large amounts of crops.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ADANA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #13 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Bursa

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 13

1. Bursa

2. Bursa, nüfus olarak Türkiye’nin dördüncü büyük ehridir. ehrin 2.6 milyon nüfusu vardr. Uluda’n kuzeybatsnda yer alr. Bu bölgede M.Ö. 202 ylndan beri yerleim vardr, ve ehir 14. yüzylda Osmanl mparatorluu’nun bakenti olduunda büyük önem kazanmtr. Bu zamandan sonra ehrin nüfusu patlama göstermi ve o günden beri de art göstermektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluundan sonra Bursa, ülkenin en önemli endüstri ve üretim ehirlerinden biri olmutur.

3. Yeil alanlar ve parklar, Bursa’nn manzarasnn önemli bir parçasdr. Kaplcalar ve arkeoloji müzesinin yan sra ünlü bir kayak merkezi de bu ehirde yer almaktadr.

4. Bursa ekonomisinin en önemli bölümü otomotiv endüstrisidir. Pek çok büyük araç üreticisinin burada fabrikalar vardr. Renault ve FIAT, ehirdeki üretim merkezleriyle bu büyük isimlerden birkaçdr. Delphi, Bosch ve Valeo gibi pek çok otomotiv yan sanayi üreticisinin de burada tesisleri bulunmaktadr. ehrin bir dier önemli ekonomisi, gda endüstrisidir. Pepsi ve Coca Cola’nn, dier büyük gda üreticileri gibi ehirde önemli faaliyetleri vardr.

5. Bursa, ayrca Büyük Cami olarak da bilinen Ulu Cami’ye ev sahiplii yapar. Yap, 1400lü yllara dayanr ve Osmanl mimarisinin ilk dönemlerinin çarpc örneklerinden biridir. Caminin 20 kubbesi, 12 sütunu ve yaklak 200 yazt hayranlk uyandran bir yer yaratmtr. badet edenler, dua etmeden önce genellikle caminin çemesinde abdest alrlar.

ENGLISH

1. Bursa

2. Bursa is the fourth largest city in Turkey according to population. The city is located in Bursa province and has about 2.6 million residents. It lies on the northwestern side of Mount Uludag. There has been a settlement at the location since at least 202 B.C., and the city there rose to prominence in the fourteenth century when it became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. After that point in time, the city’s population exploded and has been growing ever since. After the creation of the Republic of Turkey, Bursa became one of the most important industrial and manufacturing cities in the country.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: BURSA 2 3. Green areas and parks are a prominent part of the cityscape in Bursa. There is also a well-known ski resort located there, as well as thermal baths and an archeology museum.

4. The largest part of Bursa’s economy is the automotive industry. Many major vehicle manufacturers have factories located there. Renault and FIAT are just a couple of the big names with manufacturing locations in the city. Many auto part markers also have plants there, including Delphi, Bosch, and Valeo. Another big chunk of the city’s economy comes from the beverage industry. Pepsi and Coca Cola both have major presences in the city, as do other major food producers.

5. Bursa is also home to Ulu Cami, also known as The Great Mosque. The structure dates back to 1400 and is a stunning example of early styles of Ottoman architecture. The mosque’s twenty domes, twelve columns, and almost two hundred inscriptions create a place for reverence. Worshippers often go to the mosque’s fountain to do their ritual ablutions before they pray.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

önem prominence

imparatorluk empire, imperial

çarpıcı stunning

cami mosque

otomotiv automotive

abdest ablution

dini tören ritual

termal thermal

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: BURSA 3 Martha Stewart bir yaam tarzı gurusu ⇤mparatorluk hükümeti, bireycili⌅i hor olarak önem kazanmıtır. gördü.

"Martha Stewart rose to prominence as a "The imperial government looked down on guru of lifestyle." individualism."

Kral, giderek daha çok beyli⌅in Kadın, yeni kırmızı elbisesi içinde hükümdarlı⌅ından ayrılarak kesinlikle çok çarpıcıydı. imparatorlu⌅unun zayıfladı⌅ını gördü. "The woman looked absolutely stunning in "The king slowly saw his empire diminish her new red dress." as more and more colonies broke away from his kingdom."

Müslümanlar dua etmek için camiye Otomotiv endüstrisi daha iyi günler giderler. görmütür.

“Muslims go to the mosque to pray.” "The automotive industry has seen better days."

Sabah abdest almıtı. Dini tören, kimsenin anlamadı⌅ı bir dilde

uzun ilahilerle gerçekleti. "In the morning, she performed her ablutions." "The ritual involved long chants in a language no one understood."

Termal havuzlar, a⌅rıyan kasları gevetmek için rahatlatıcı bir yöntemdir.

"The thermal pools were a relaxing way to soothe sore muscles."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Tarihi gölge oyunu karakterleri Karagöz ve Hacivat'ın Bursa'da ya⇥adı⇤ı söylenmektedir. Türk gölge oyunu, Osmanlı ⌅mparatorlu⇤u döneminde ra⇤bet görmü⇥tür. Karakterler birbiriyle çeki⇥mekte, biri, sıradan ve cahil halkı temsil ederken, di⇤eri üst zümrenin ki⇥ile⇥tirilmi⇥ halidir. Hacivat, "kö⇥eyi dönme" hesaplarındadır ve edepli konu⇥ur. Di⇤er taraftan Karagöz ise cahilce, bel altı konu⇥malar yapar.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: BURSA 4

A Case of Art Imitating Reality?

The historic shadow play characters, Karagoz and Hacivat, traditionally were said to have lived in Bursa. Turkish shadow plays became popular during the days of the Ottoman Empire. The two characters serve as foils, with one being the embodiment of the general, illiterate public, and the other being the personification of the upper class. Hacivat is full of "get rich quick" schemes, and historically he was all about the upper body. Karagoz, on the other hand, was all about the lower body, often displaying much cursing and an obsession with the phallus and with defecation.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: BURSA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #14 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Izmir

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 14

1. zmir

2. zmir ili içinde yer alan zmir ehri, Türkiye’nin üçüncü büyük ehridir. 3,500 yl öncesine uzanan tarihiyle ehir, Akdeniz’e açlan Ege Denizi’nde bir körfez olarak Türkiye’nin uç noktasnda, avantajl bir konumda yer alr. zmir, yüzyllar boyunca bölgenin önemli bir liman ve ticaret merkezi olmutur.

3. zmir ehir merkezinde her zaman younlam bir nüfus olmasna ramen, Bat Avrupallar’n burada ticarete balamasyla 1500lü yllarn ikinci yarsndan itibaren nüfus patlam as yaanmtr. ehir, 1676’da halk yerlebir eden verem salgn, 1688’de gerçekleen büyük deprem ve 1743’teki büyük yangn gibi pek çok zorlua ramen büyümeye devam etmitir.

4. zmir’de ehrin silüeti içersinde pek çok görülebilecek yer bulunmaktadr. Yamanlar Da, zmir yaknlarnda bulunur ve o yükseklikten Tantalos’un Mezar görülebilir. ehrin bir baka önemli yeri, halen daha yer altnda kefedilmeyi bekleyen önemli arkeoloji bölgesi Agora Açkhava Müzesi’dir. Bu bölgedeki antik tiyatronun gün yüzüne çkarlmas konusunda tartmalar sürmektedir. Bu tiyatronun içinde Aziz Polycarp ehit edilmitir. Daha sonra Kadifekale Da yaknlarna gömülmütür.

5. zmir limannda, limana gelen gemileri selamlayan kendine özgü bir saat kulesi yer almaktadr. Kulenin kendisi mermerden yaplmtr ve etrafnda dört adet çeme yer almaktadr. Kulenin sütunlar tasarm olarak Kuzey Afrika’ya özgüdür.

ENGLISH

1. Izmir

2. Located in Izmir Province, Izmir is the third largest city in Turkey. With a history that stretches back at least 3,500 years, the city sits in an advantageous position on the tip of Turkey in an inlet on the Aegean Sea with easy access to the larger Mediterranean Sea. For centuries, Izmir has been an important port and also a mercantile center for the region.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: IZMIR 2 3. Although there was always quite a large population concentrated at Izmir, it exploded in the latter half of the 1500s after Western Europeans began to do business there. The city continued to grow in spite of numerous challenges, like a plague that desolated the population in 1676, a massive earthquake that happened in 1688, and a major fire in 1743.

4. Within Izmir, there are a number of major sights along the city’s skyline. Mount Yamanlar is located near Izmir, and from that height Tantalus’ Tomb can be seen. Another major part of the city is the Agora Open Air Museum of Izmir, an important archeological site with much still lying underground just waiting to be explored. There is much debate about whether the ancient theatre in this area should be unearthed. It was inside that theatre that the martyr St. Polycarp was killed. He was then buried on Kadifekale Mountain nearny.

5. In the harbor at Izmir, there is a distinctive clock tower that welcomes all ships that come into port there. The tower itself is made of marble, and there are four fountains encircling it. The columns of the tower are North African in design.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

avantajlı advantageous

körfez inlet

ticaret mercantile

yo⇥unla⇤ma concentrate

(⌅ehrin) siluet(i) skyline

ke⇤fetmek explore

gün yüzüne çıkarmak unearth

mezar tomb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: IZMIR 3 Onun o dersi alması çok büyük bir Körfez, limana yana⇥an gemiler için bir avantaja dönü⇥tü. koruma alanı sa⇤ladı.

"It turned out to be very advantageous that "The inlet provided a protected place for she had to take that class." ships to come into port."

Ticaret ⇥ehrin ekonomisinin önemli bir Angora kedisi türü, Ankara'da parçasıydı. yo⇤unla⇥mı⇥tır.

"Mercantile trade was an important part of "The Angora cat breed was concentrated the town's economy." in Ankara."

⌅ehrin silüeti, gün batımında mor ve Dünyada henüz ke⇥fedilmeyen çok az pembe renklerde ı⇥ık saçar. yer kaldı.

"The skyline lit up in purples and pinks at "There are few places left on Earth that sunset." have yet to be explored."

Arkeolog, gömülü hazinede ne oldu⇤unu Antik ça⇤larda, cesetler mezarların gün yüzüne çıkardı. içine konulurdu.

"The archeologist had unearthed what "In ancient times, bodies were placed in amounted to buried treasure." tombs."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

⇧zmir'in ilçesi Çi⇥li, 200 farklı ku⇤ türünü barındıran ⇧zmir Ku⇤ Cenneti'ne sahiptir. 60'ın üzerinde tür Türkiye'de do⇥al olarak bulunurken, 50'nin üzerinde tür yaz aylarında göç eden çe⇤itlerdendir. 40'ın üzerindeki ku⇤ türü, kı⇤ aylarında göç eder ve bunların 30'u do⇥rudan geçen ku⇤lardır. Toplamda, 50'nin üzerinde farklı tür, fiilen bu ku⇤ barına⇥ında üremektedir. Barına⇥ın yakınlarında kurulan Sasalı Do⇥al Ya⇤am Parkı, büyük bir açık hava hayvanat bahçesidir. Devam eden yapıla⇤ma çalı⇤maları, bölgede özellikle ku⇤lar olmak üzere do⇥al ya⇤am üzerine olan endi⇤eleri artırmı⇤tır.

A Paradise for Wildlife

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: IZMIR 4 Cigli, a district of Izmir, contains the Izmir Birds Paradise, which contains more than two hundred different species of birds. More than sixty of the species are native to Turkey, while over fifty of them are summer migratory varieties. Over forty of the birds migrate during the winter, and thirty of them are transit birds. In all, over fifty different species of the birds have actually been breeding there inside the bird sanctuary. Nearby, the Sasali Park of Natural Life was set up as a large open air zoo. Continued urbanization efforts in the region have resulted in concern for the wildlife, especially the birds, in the area.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: IZMIR 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #15 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Konya

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 15

1. Konya

2. Bir T ürk ehri olan Konya, ülkenin ortalarnda yer almaktadr ve arkeolojik bulgular, M.Ö. 3000 ylndan beri ehrin kurulduu yerde medeniyetlerin yaadn göstermektedir. T ürkiye’deki pek çok kent gibi Konya da, Hititler, Firigler ve Kimmerler gibi çeitli uygarlklar tarafndan yönetilmitir. Bugün ise T ürkiye’nin 7. büyük kentidir.

3. Konya, muhtemelen T ürkiye’nin dini açdan en muhafazakar ehri olarak bilinmektedir. Yerel halk bu ehri “slam’n Kalesi” olarak tanmlar. Ayrca T ürkler arasnda genellikle Konya halk, d ier bölgelere nazaran daha dindar olarak tannr.

4. Konya’daki en önemli yerlerden biri Rumi T ürbesi’dir. Rumi, çounluk tarafndan Mevlana olarak bilinir ve 1200’lü yllarda yaamtr. Bir slam teologu, air ayn zamanda sufidir. Afganistan’da domu olmasna ramen Konya’ya göç etmi ve burada vefat etmitir. Bugün Konya’daki mezar bir türbedir. T ürbe, Müslümanlar’n ibadet ettikleri oldukça ünlü bir yerdir. Rumi vefat ettiinde, onun izinden gidenler, kendi ekseni etrafnda dönmeye benzeyen bir dans gibi olan Sema ayini ile ünlü Mevlevi T arikat’n kurmutur. Bu nedenle tarikat, Dönen Derviler T arikat olarak da bilinir.

5. Konya, ayrca Rönesans döneminde Avrupa’da rabet gören T ürk hallar ile mehur olmutur. Pahal hallar, bir statünün sembolü olarak satn alnmakta ve sahibinin zenginliini göstermektedir.

ENGLISH

1. Konya

2. The Turkish city of Konya is located centrally in the country, and archeological finds show that there have been civilizations living at the site of the city since about 3,000 B.C. Like most cities in all of Turkey, various peoples ruled over Konya, including the Hittites, the Phrygians, and the Cimmerians. Today it is Turkey’s seventhlargest city.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #15 - TOP 10 TURKIS H CITIES: KONYA 2 3. Konya is known as probably the most religiously conservative city in Turkey. Locals have referred to it as “the citadel of Islam.” Also Turks generally recognize that residents of Konya tend to be more devout than Turks from other parts of the country.

4. One of the most important places in Konya is Rumi’s tomb. Rumi was more commonly known as Mevlana, and he lived during the 1200s. He was a Muslim theologian and poet, as well as a Sufi mystic. Although he was born in Afghanistan, he moved to Konya and eventually died there. Today there is a shrine to him at his tomb in Konya. The shrine is a very popular place for Muslims to make a pilgrimage to. When Rumi died, his followers set up the Mevlevi Order, which is very well-known today for its Sama ceremony, which includes a distinctive whirling dance. For this reason, the order is also known by many as the Order of the Whirling Dervishes.

5. Konya was also put on the map for its famous Turkish carpets, which became popular in Europe during the Renaissance. The expensive carpets were often purchased as a status symbol and to show off the wealth of the owner.

VOCABULARY

Tur kish English

kale citadel

muhafazakar conservative

dini açıdan religiously

dindar devout

sufi mystic

türbe shrine

dervi⇥ dervish

dönmek whirl

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #15 - TOP 10 TURKIS H CITIES: KONYA 3 Yerliler, korunmak için kaçabilecekleri Tarikatın muhafazakar kesimi, liberal kaleyi inaa ettiler. kesimiyle anlamazlık içindeydi.

"The natives set up the citadel as a place "The conservative branch of the they could run to for protection." denomination was at odds with the liberal side of it."

Amcam dini açıdan Red Sox'u sözde Dindar Katolikler, do⇤um kontrolüne takip etmitir. inanmamaktadır.

"My uncle supposedly followed the Red "Devout Catholics do not believe in birth Sox religiously." control."

Sufiler bazen sihre inanır ve manevi Türbe, sessizce hürmet edilen ve ibadet alemi kendi niyetleri için kullanmaya edilen bir yerdi.

çalıır. "The shrine was a place of quiet reverence "Mystics sometimes believe in magic and and worship." try to harness the spiritual realm for their own purposes."

Derviler, ⌅slamın sünni mezhebine Çocuk, ekseni etrafında dönmeye ba⇤lıdır. baladı.

"Devishes belong to the Sunni branch of "The child started whirling around in Islam." circles."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Mevlevi Tarikatı veya Dönen Dervi⇥ler Tarikatı Konya'da kurulmu⇥tur. Tarikatın islami törenlerinin uygulanmasında önemli bir rol üstlenmi⇥ olan bu ayin, Allah'a olan sevgiyi ifade eden oldukça belirgin bir dönü⇥ hareketidir. UNESCO, bu ayini ⇤nsano⌅lunun Sözlü ve Manevi Mirası listesine almı⇥tır. Eskiler, Mevlevi Tarikatı'nın yaratıcısı Rumi'nin Konya çar⇥ısında yürüdü⌅ünde çekiç kullanan i⇥çilerin çıkardı⌅ı seslerden etkilendi⌅ini rivayet eder. Daha sonra duydu⌅u ritmle bir daire içinde dönmeye ba⇥lamı⇥tır.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #15 - TOP 10 TURKIS H CITIES: KONYA 4 So, What's a Whirling Dervish?

The Mevlevi Order, or the Order of the Whirling Dervishes, was founded in Konya. The dance that plays an important role in the practice of this Islamic denomination is a very distinctive whirling movement, which is meant to symbolize the remembrance of God. UNESCO named the ceremony to its list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Tradition says the story was created by Rumi, the originator of the Mevlevi Order, after he walked through the Konya market and heard the rhythms being beat by the hammerers in the marketplace. He then started whirling in a circle to the rhythms he heard.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #15 - TOP 10 TURKIS H CITIES: KONYA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #16 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Urfa

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 16

1. Urfa

2. Urfa, Türkiye’nin güneydousunda, pek çoklarnca “medeniyetler beii” olarak tanmlanan ve evveliyatnda Mezopotamya bölgesi olarak bilinen Frat Nehri’nin dousunda yer alr. Her ne kadar M.Ö. 9000 ylna kadar bir yerleimin var olduunu gösteren bulgular olsa da arkeolojik kantlar, M.Ö. 500 ylnda ehrin kurulduu yerde yerleim yerlerini göstermektedir.

3. Tarihsel süreç boyunca Urfa; Medler, Keldaniler, Persler, Bizansllar, Hititler, Babiller ve dier pek çok medeniyet tarafndan fethedilmitir. slam, Urfa’ya M.S. 7. yüzyln balarnda ulamtr. Dört Halife ordusunun ehri sava yapmadan ele geçirmesinden hemen sonradr. Birinci Haçl Seferi’nden sonra ehir, - sonraki bilinen adyla Edessa- önemli bir Haçl bölgesi olmutur. 1. Dünya Sava’ndan sonra öncelikle ngiltere, sonrasnda da Fransa’nn igaliyle itilafl bir bölge olmay sürdürmütür.

4. Bugünlerde Urfa’da belirgin bir ayrm bulunmaktadr. Eski ve yeni ehrin ayrm oldukça barizdir. ehrin eski bölümleri olan, yerel halkn halen daha ürünlerini aldklar kent pazar gibi yerler pek çok yönden geçmii anmsatmaktadr. Ayrca yerel halk, kentin eski yerlerinde geleneksel kyafeti alvarla görmek mümkündür. Pek çok insan, ehrin bu bölümünün fukaraln gösteren, kayalklarn hemen bitiiine inaa edilen evlerde yaamaktadr. Yeni kent ise modern apartmanlar, restore edilmi restoranlar ve büyük ehirlerden beklenilen allagelmi olanaklarla donatlmtr.

ENGLISH

1. Urfa

2. Urfa sits in the southeastern part of Turkey on a large plain to the east of the River Euphrates in the region once known as Mesopotamia, which is referred to by many as “the cradle of civilization.” Archeological evidence traces settlements at the site of the city back to at least 500 B.C., although there are some indications that civilization in the area may go as far back as 9000 B.C.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: URFA 2 3. Throughout history, Urfa was frequently being conquered by various groups, including the Medes, Chaldeans, Persians, Byzantines, Hittites, Babylonians, and numerous other peoples. Islam arrived in Urfa sometime in the early seventh century A.D. It was right after the Rashidun army took the city over without any fight. After the First Crusade, the city— then known as Edessa—became an important Crusader state. After World War I, the city continued to be a contested area, with first Great Britain and then France occupying it.

4. Today there is an obvious divide in Urfa. The parts of the old city and new city are very apparent. The old part of the city still harkens to the past in many ways, like the city bazaar where the locals still go to buy their produce. It is also very common to see locals dressed in traditional garb in the old part of the city. Many residents of the old town still live in homes that have been built right into the rocks, which shows just how poverty- stricken this part of the city is. The new town is strewn with modern apartment buildings constructed from concrete, updated restaurants, and the usual urban amenities one would expect to find in a large city.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

arkeolojik archeological

gösterge indication

Çarı/Pazar bazaar

mücadele eden kimse crusader

anıtsatmak/Ça⇤rıtırmak harken

fukaralık poverty-stricken

alvar garb

da⇤ılmı strewn

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: URFA 3 Arkeolojik bulgular, bu insanların bir avcı ⇤⌅letmenin dü⌅ü⌅ gösterdi⇥ine dair kabilesi oldu⇥unu gösteriyordu. göstergeler vardı ama herkes bunları

yok saydı. "The archeological evidence seems to indicate that the people were a hunting "There were indications that the business and gathering society." was failing, but everyone ignored them."

Çar⌅ı, baharattan deri ürünlerine her Kadın hakları için mücadele eden biriydi. türden malla doluydu. "She was a crusader for women's rights." "The bazaar was filled with all kinds of goods, from spices to leather work."

Geleneksel giyim, bazı ⌅eylerin daha Dünyanın bazı bölgeleri, di⇥er bölgelere basit oldu⇥u zamanları anımsatıyor. nazaran daha fukara.

"The traditional clothing harkens back to a "Some parts of the world are more poverty- time when things were much simpler." stricken than others."

Atalarından gelen geleneksel ⌅alvarı Kartlar zemine da⇥ılmı⌅tı. gururla giymi⌅ti. "The cards were strewn all over the floor." "She wore the traditional garb of her ancestors with pride."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Pek çok tarihçi Urfa'nın, ⌅ncil'deki ⌅brahim'in memleketinin Ur olmasından ve bu ismin muhtemelen imdiki ismin kısaltılmı bir ekli olmasından ötürü do⇤um yeri oldu⇤una inanmaktadır. ⇧ehirde yer alan gölün güneyinde, pek çok insanın ⌅brahim'in kesin do⇤um yeri olarak inandı⇤ı bir ma⇤ara yer almaktadır. ⌅brahim'in ayrıca Urfa'da bugün halen yenilen geleneksel yemeklerin yaratılmasında önemli bir rol oynadı⇤ına inanılmaktadır. Bunlardan bir tanesi, efsaneye göre ⌅brahim'in o an elindeki mevcut malzemeden yaptı⇤ı Çi⇤ Köfte'dir.

An Important Biblical City

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: URFA 4 Many historians believe that Urfa was the birthplace of Abraham in the Bible, which does refer to his hometown as Ur, a potential earlier and shortened version of the current name. There is a cave on the south side of the lake in this city that many people believe was the precise location of his birth. Abraham is also believed to have played an important role in creating some of the traditional dishes that are still eaten in Urfa today. One of these dishes is called Raw Kibbe, which legend says was made by Abraham using only the ingredients he had at the moment.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: URFA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #17 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Istanbul

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 17

1. stanbul

2. stanbul, Türkiye’nin en büyük ehridir. Öncesinde ismi Konstantinapol, bundan da öncesinde Bizantiyon olarak biliniyordu. Kent, ayrca tarihsel süreç boyunca az bilinen pek çok isimle anlmtr. u anda stanbul, Avrupa’nn 3. büyük ehridir. Sadece Moskova ve Londra ehirleri bu ehirden daha büyüktür. Ancak stanbul, önemli bir farkla ayrlr. ki farkl ktay birletiren dünyann tek ehridir.

3. stanbul, Türkiye’deki doal limanlardan biri olan Haliç’i içine alan Boaziçi üzerine kurulmutur. Tarihsel açdan, yedi tepenin üzerine inaa edildiine inanlmaktadr ve her bir tepenin görkemli bir camisi bulunmaktadr. ehir ayrca büyük depremlere sebebiyet veren Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hatt’na yakn uzanmaktadr. ehrin tarihindeki en kötü depremlerden birisi 1509 ylnda gerçeklemi ve surlar döven bir tsunamiye neden olmutur. O gün 10,000’den fazla kii hayatn kaybetmi ve 100’den fazla camii yklmtr. Yakn tarihte 1999 ylnda gerçekleen depremde ise bölgede 17,000 kii hayatn kaybetmitir.

4. Mimari camiada stanbul’un, Osmanl ve Bizans yaplarnn en önemli ve en iyi örneklerini tad bilinmektedir. ehir, ayrca Türkiye ekonomisinin can damardr çünkü Avrupa ve Asya arasndaki kesiim noktasnda yer alr. Limanlar, ayrca ehrin ekonomik önemini artrmaktadr. ehrin önemli endüstrileri gda ileme, kauçuk, kimyasal maddeler, tekstil ve alkollü içeceklerdir.

ENGLISH

1. Istanbul

2. The City of Istanbul is the largest city in the nation of Turkey. Previously it was known by the names of Constantinople and then before that, Byzantium. The city also held a few other lesser known names throughout the course of its history. Currently Istanbul is the third largest metro area in all of Europe. Only the Moscow and London metros are larger. However, Istanbul has another important point of distinction. It is the world’s only metropolis straddling two different continents.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ISTANBUL 2 3. Istanbul sits on the Bosphorus Strait and includes the Golden Horn, which is a natural harbor in Turkey. It is historically believed to be built on the tops of seven hills, and each of those hills has an imperial mosque. The city also lies close to the North Anatolian Fault, which means that massive earthquakes are very common there. One of the worst quakes in the city’s history happened in 1509, and it caused a tsunami that washed over the walls of the city. More than 10,000 people died that day, and more than one hundred mosques were destroyed. A more recent quake in 1999 killed over 17,000 of the residents in both the city and its suburbs.

4. In the world of architecture, Istanbul is known to contain some of the most important and best examples of Ottoman and Byzantine structures. The city is also the hub of Turkey’s economy because it sits in an important crossroads between Europe and Asia. The port adds to the city’s economic importance as well. Major industries in the city include food processing, rubber, chemicals, textiles, and alcoholic beverages.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

boaz strait

kıta continent

ata binmek straddle

imparatorluk empire, imperial

cami mosque

tsunami tsunami

varo⇤lar suburb

içecek beverage

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ISTANBUL 3 Boaz, ⇥ehri deniz yoluyla gelen Kıtalar, dünya yüzeyinde hareket i⇥galcilerden korumaya hizmet etmi⇥tir. halindedir.

"The strait served to protect the city from "The continents have always been shifting seafaring invaders." on the surface of the earth."

Ata binmeye çalı⇥tı ama dü⇥tü. ⌅mparatorluk hükümeti, bireycilii hor

gördü. "She tried straddling the horse, but just ended up falling off." "The imperial government looked down on individualism."

Kral, giderek daha çok beyliin Müslümanlar dua etmek için camiye hükümdarlıından ayrılarak giderler. imparatorluunun zayıfladıını gördü. “Muslims go to the mosque to pray.” "The king slowly saw his empire diminish as more and more colonies broke away from his kingdom."

Tsunami, onbinlerce insanın hayatını Varo⇥lardaki ya⇥am, ⇥ehir merkezindeki alarak tüm ⇥ehri etkiledi. ya⇥amdan daha sessiz.

"The tsunami overtook the entire city, "Life in the suburbs is much quieter than claiming tens of thousands of lives." life in the city."

Herkes alkollü içecek içmez.

"Not everyone drinks alcoholic beverages."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

⌅stanbul'daki ilk yerle⇤imlerin tarihi, Boaziçi'nin dahi var olmadıı M.Ö. 7000 yılına dayanmaktadır. Bu yerle⇤imlerin izi, Marmaray Tüneli'nin in⇤aası devam ederken gün yüzüne çıkmı⇤tır. Bulunan tarihi eserler, bu yerle⇤imin arkeologların dü⇤ündükleri senelerden binlerce yıl öncesinde ya⇤adıını göstermi⇤tir. Tarihçiler, bölgenin tarihçesinin genellikle Bizantiyon ⇤ehrinin kurulduu M.Ö. 600'lü yıllarda ba⇤ladıını dü⇤ünmü⇤lerdir. 324 yılında 1.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ISTANBUL 4 Konstantin ⇤ehri fethetip buraya Konstantinapol adını vermi⇤tir. ⌅stanbul ⇤ehri için yapılan atıflar, M.Ö. 900lü yıllara kadar kullanılmı⇤tır. ⇧ehrin dier tüm isimleri, 1923 yılında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasıyla anlamını yitirmi⇤tir.

A City By Any Other Name...

The history of settlements at Istanbul dates to 7000 B.C., well before the Bosphorus Strait even formed. Evidence of those settlements was only unearthed recently when the Marmaray tunnel was being constructed. The artifacts that were found indicated that people were living in Istanbul for thousands of years before archeologists had thought previously. Historians generally consider the history of the area to begin sometime in the 600s BC when the city of Byzantium was built. In 324, Constantine I conquered the city and changed the name of the city to Constantinople. References to the city of Istanbul were used as early as the 900s B.C. All other names of the city became obsolete in 1923 when the Republic of Turkey was set up.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ISTANBUL 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #18 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Ankara

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 18

1. Ankara

2. Türkiye’nin bakenti Ankara, u anda ülkenin ikinci büyük ehridir. Ankara, Anadolu’nun ortasnda yer alr ve Türk yönetiminin tüm önemli birimlerine ev sahiplii yapar. Ankara’daki ilk uygarlk, Tunç Devri’nde burada yaam olan Hatti medeniyetine kadar uzanr. Tarih boyunca ehir, M.Ö. iki binli yllarda Hititler’den balayarak sonrasnda Rom allar ve Bizansllar’a kadar uzanan pek çok deiik grubun kontrolünde olmutur.

3. Uzun tarihinden dolay ehrin önemli özelliklerinden birisi, çok sayda arkeolojik bölgeye sahip olmasdr. Yaplan pek çok kaz çalmas, Osmanl, Bizans, Roma ve Hellenistik dönemlerini içermektedir. Büyük bir tepe ehre doru bakmakta, tarihi Ankara Kalesi bu tepenin üzerinde yer almakta ve ehirden bu manzaraya bakanlarda pitoresk bir görüntü izlenimi uyandrmaktadr. Bugünlerde her ne kadar eski dönemlerden birkaç hatrsaylr mimari örnek olsa da, bunlarn pek az ayakta kalmtr.

4. Augustus Tapna muhtemelen Ankara’daki en ünlü tarihi yaplardan biridir. Tapnak, M.Ö. 20 yllarnda Roma mparatorluu, Anadolu’yu alp bir Roma eyaleti olan Galata’y kurduunda yaplmtr. M.S. 2. yüzylda Romallar, tapna geniletmitir. 400’lü yllarda ise Bizansllar tapna, bir kiliseye dönütürmütür.

5. Ankara ekonomisinde pek çok endüstri önemli rol oynar. Yöreye özgü Tiftik keçisi ve Angora tavan, ehrin ekonomisinde önemli bir yer tutan deerli tiftikleri salamaktadr. Üzüm ve arap sanayisi de bölge için önemlidir. Ayrca pek çok otomotiv üretimi burada gerçekleir.

ENGLISH

1. Ankara

2. Turkey’s capital city is Ankara, which is actually the country’s second largest city. Ankara sits right in the middle of Anatolia and is home to all important parts of Turkey’s federal government. Civilization in Ankara dates back to the Hatti civilization, which resided there during the Bronze Age. Various groups have had control of the city throughout history, starting with the Hittites in the second millennium B.C. through the Romans and Byzantines later on.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ANKARA 2 3. Because of its long history, one of the major features of the city is the large number of archeological sites. The long list of digs includes various eras, including the Ottoman, Byzantine, Roman, and Hellenistic eras. A large hill looks over the city, and the old castle of Ankara sits on that hill, creating a picturesque view for those standing in the city down below. Today few of the historic structures are still standing, although there are still a number of remarkable examples of architecture from earlier days.

4. The Temple of Augustus and Rome is probably one of the most well-known historic buildings in Ankara. The temple was built sometime around 20 B.C. after the Roman Empire took over Turkey and formed Galatia, a Roman province. In the second century A.D., the Romans expanded the temple. By the 400s, the Byzantines had converted it into a church.

5. Several industries play important roles in the economy of Ankara. The Angora goat and rabbit, which are indigenous to the region, provide valuable mohair, which is one part of the city’s economy. The grape and wine industry are also very important for the region, and production for several automotive companies also happens in Ankara.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

medeniyet civilization

yaamak reside

pitoresk picturesque

arkeolojik archeological

tapınak temple

yöreye özgü/yerel indigenous

dönümek/dönütürmek convert

tiftik mohair

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ANKARA 3 Antik bir medeniyetin kalıntılarının Kız, ya⇤amı boyunca aynı evde bulundu⇥u yere gelmek ilginç. ya⇤amı⇤tı.

"It is interesting to come across the "The girl had resided in the same house remains of an ancient civilization." her entire life."

Pitoresk gün batımı, nefesini kesmeye Arkeolojik bulgular, bu insanların bir avcı yetti. kabilesi oldu⇥unu gösteriyordu.

"The picturesque sunset was enough to "The archeological evidence seems to take her breath away." indicate that the people were a hunting and gathering society."

Tanıpak, ibadet ve dua edilen bir yerdi. Yerel halk, göçmenleri sıcak

kar⇤ılamıyordu. "The temple was a place of worship and reverence." "The indigenous people were not welcoming to the immigrants."

Ahır, garaja dönü⇤türülmü⇤tü. Bazı insanlar, tiftikten üretilen kıyafetler

giymeye bayılıyor. "The barn was converted to a garage." "Some people love wearing clothes made of mohair."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Angora kedisi, Angora tavanı ve Tiftik Keçisi Ankara'ya özgüdür. Tavanı ve keçisi de⇤erli postu ile bilinirken, Ankara kedisi dünyadaki en ünlü kedi türlerinden biridir. Bu türün, dünyadaki ilk kedi türlerinden biri oldu⇤una inanılmaktadır. Tür, Fars kedisine benzer nitelikte uzun, beyaz ve ipeksi tüylüdür. Toplamda Ankara kedisinin geleneksel beyaz olan dıında mavi, siyah ve kırmızı gibi 20 farklı çeidi vardır. Gözleri, kehribar, yeil veya mavi renklidir. Bazı Ankara kedileri farklı iki renkte göze sahiptir.

Famous Feline Locals

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ANKARA 4 The Angora cat, rabbit, and goat are all native to Ankara. While the rabbit and goat are known for their luxurious fur, the Angora cat is one of the most famous breeds of cat in the world. The cat is actually believed to be one of the original breeds of cat on earth. The breed can be recognized by its long white, silky coat, which looks similar to that of the Persian cat. In all, there are over twenty different kinds of the Angora cat, with some of them being blue, black, or red rather than the traditional white. The eyes tend to be amber, green, or blue. Some Angora cats even have two eyes that are different colors.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: ANKARA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #19 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Hatay

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 19

1. Hatay

2. Hatay ili, Türkiye’de Akdeniz kysnda yer alr. Suriye snrnn içine doru sokulmutur. Tunç Devri’nin erken dönemlerinde ehrin kurulduu yerde yerleim olduuna dair kantlar vardr. Akadlar, Amoriler ve Hititler gibi pek çok medeniyete ait bir yerleim yeri olmutur. Bolge ismini MO 1180 ile 700 yillari arasinda ortaya ciknis Neo-Hitit hukumdarlardan alir. Daha sonra, Seleukos imparatorluunun egemenbligi altnda Suriye tetrapolisi için konum olmustur. MO 64 yilindan sonra bolgenin en onemli idari ve kulturel mekezi olarak Roma imparatorlugunun egemenligi altinda gecirmistir. 2. Dünya Sava’ndan çok ksa bir süre önce Hatay Cumhuriyeti kurulmu ancak Franszlar ve Türkler’in ortak yönetiminde yaklak 1 yl kadar varln sürdürmütür. Hatay, resmi olarak 1939’daki referandum sonucu Türkiye’nin bir ili olmutur.

3. Hatay ili, dünyada ikinci büyük Roma mozaiklerinin bulunduu yerdir. Bu mozaikler, Antakya Müzesi’nde sergilenmektedir. Saint Pierre Kilisesi, ildeki dier anlaml yapdr. Kilise, kayalklarn içine doru oyularak inaa edilmi ve Hristiyan haclarn urak yeri olmutur.

4. Topraklarn üçte biri düzlük olmasna ramen Hatay’n iç kesimleri genellikle dalktr. Nur Dalar, en yüksek noktas Mr Tepesi ile bölgede yer alr. Bölge ayrca büyük miktarda açk billur kayaçlarn bulunduu Arap Kalkan içinde yer almtr. Turistler ayrca bölgede Asi Nehri’ni ziyaret edebilirler.

ENGLISH

1. Hatay

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: HATAY 2 2. Hatay Province is located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Turkey. It is nestled right up to the border of Syria. There is evidence of settlements existing on the site of the city since the early part of the Bronze Age. It has belonged to various groups throughout history, including the Akkadian Empire, the Amorites, and the Hittites. The region derives its name, however, from it’s Neo-Hittite rulers, who flourished from around 1180 BC to 700 BC. Later, it became the location for the Syrian tetrapolis of Antioch, Seleucia Pieria, Apamea, and Laodicea under the Seleucid empire. After 64 BC, it spent the rest of antiquity under Roman rule, the city of Antioch serving as an important administrative and cultural center for the region. Not long before World War II, the Republic of Hatay was briefly set up, but it only existed for about a year, with both the French and the Turks ruling over it. Hatay officially became a province of Turkey in 1939 after a referendum.

3. Hatay Province is home to the second largest group of Roman mosaics in the world. That exhibition is in the Antakya Museum. St. Peter Church is another site of significance in the province. The church has been carved out of rock, and it is a common destination for Christian pilgrimages.

4. The land inside of Hatay is mostly mountainous, although about a third of it is plains area. The Nur Mountains march through the province, with the highest peak being Migirtepe. The landscape is also marked by the Arabian-Nubian Shield, which is a large area of exposed crystalline rocks. Visitors will also find the Orontes River running through the region.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

sokulmak nestle

referandum referendum

anlam significance

mozaik mosaic

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: HATAY 3 hacı pilgrimage

billur crystalline

rakip/kar⇥ı opposing

da⇤lık mountainous

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Yavru ku, anne kuun kanatları altına Referandum, tartımalı bir yasasın sokulmutur. geçmesiyle sonuçlandı.

"The baby bird was nestled under the wing "The referendum resulted in the of the mother bird." controversial law actually being passed."

Ne olup bitti⇤ine dair anlam, küçük Mozaikler, uzun zamandır ünlü bir sanat çocukta yok olmutu. aracıdır.

"The significance of what had just "Mosaics have long been a celebrated art happened was lost on the small child." form."

Hacılar, çetin topraklarda uzun ve zorlu Billur kayaçlar tüm güzellikleriyle gün yolculuklar yapıyorlardı. ıında parıldıyordu.

"The pilgrimages were long, hard treks "The crystalline rocks shone in the sunlight across difficult landscape." with all their beauty."

Rakip takımlar, futbol sahasında sonucu Da⇤lık bölge, geçilmesi gereken tehlikeli çok yakın biten bir oyunda karılatılar. bir arazi yaratmıtı.

"The opposing teams clashed on the "The mountainous region created some football field, with the end result being a very treacherous landscape that had to be very close game." crossed."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: HATAY 4 Hatay ili, Indiana Jones: Son Macera filminde bahsedilen yerlerden biridir. Filmde, karakterler bölgede seyahat eder çünkü filmde Kutsal Kâse'nin hilal ⇥eklindeki bir kanyonda oldu⇤undan bahsedilmektedir. Filmde hatalı bir ⇥ekilde ilin yönetiminin, Kutsal Kâse'ye kar⇥ılık hediyeler sunulan bir sultanda oldu⇤unu aksettirmi⇥tir. Buna kar⇥ılık onların Rolls Royce'unu alır. Film, o zamanlar Türkiye'nin bir parçası sayılmayan Hatay Cumhuriyeti döneminde çekilmi⇥tir. Karakterlerin ayrıca bölgenin gerçekli⇤ini yansıtmayan bir ⇥ekilde Türkçe yerine Arapça konu⇥tu⇤u tasvir edilmi⇥tir. Filmdeki sahneler esasen ⌅stanbul'da çekilmi⇥tir.

Indiana Jones Gets it Wrong?

Hatay Province is one of the locations mentioned in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. In the film, the characters make the trek out to the region because it is the place where the Holy Grail is resting in what the movie calls "the canyon of the crescent moon." The film erroneously portrays the rule of the province as a sultan, who is offered valuables in exchange for the Holy Grail. Instead, he takes their Rolls Royce. The film was set during the days of the Republic of Hatay before the region became part of Turkey. The characters were also portrayed as speaking Arabic instead of Turkish, which was also a departure from reality about the area. The scenes in the film were actually shot in Istanbul.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: HATAY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #20 Top 10 Turkish Cities: Van

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 20

1. Van

2. Bir Türk ehri olan Van, Van Gölü kysnda yer alr. ehrin kurulduu bölgede medeniyet, M.Ö. 5,000 ylna veya daha da öncesine uzanmaktadr. Van’da ilk medeniyetlere ait pek çok kalnt ve arkeolojik kant, Tilkitepe Höyüü’nde bulunmutur. Tarih boyunca pek çok uygarlk, deiik zamanlarda ehri yönetimleri altnda tutmutur. Bunlar arasnda Osmanl mparatorluu, Bizansllar ve Selçuklu Devleti yer almaktadr.

3. Van M.Ö. 6. ve 9.yuzyillar arasinda Urartu kralliginin baskenti olmustur ve o zamanlarki adi Tuspadir. Asurlularin dususe gectigi bu donemde, Urartu kralligi Yakin dogudaki en guclu krallik haline geldi. Bu donemden bazi civi tabletler ve aletler tipik demir cagini yansitan bulgular olarak gunumuze kadar hayatta kalmistir. Urartu kralligi 6. yuzyilda cokmus olmasina ragmen, Van bu donemden sonra da bircok medeniyetin onemli bir sehri olarak rol almistir.

4. Bugün Van, var olan doal güzellikleri nedeniyle “Dounun ncisi” olarak bilinir. Van Gölü, Türkiye’nin en büyük gölüdür. Bu göl özellikle hem tuzlu, hem de sodal olmas bakmndan enteresandr. Çünkü pek çok farkl akarsu gölü besleyerek birden çok çeit suyun karmasn salar. Göl, ayrca dünyann en büyük kapal göllerinden biridir çünkü gölün dna doru akan sular, volkanik bir patlama sonucu engellenmitir.

5. ehir, salam olmayan bir düzlem üzerine kurulmu ve tarihte pek çok büyük depremle yerlebir olmutur. Bunun en son örnei Ekim 2011’de gerçekleen depremdir. Kasm aynda bu depremin bir artçs ise daha fazla binann yklmasna neden olmutur.

ENGLISH

1. Van

2. The Turkish city of Van sits on the shores of Lake Van. Civilization at the site goes to 5000 B.C., if not even further than that. Most of the artifacts and other archeological evidence about early civilization at Van have been found in the Tilkitepe Mound. Various peoples held the city at different times throughout history.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: VAN 2 3. Once called, Tushpa, the city served as capital of a 9th-6th century BC kingdom known as Urartu. During a period in which Assyria saw a temporary decline, Urartu became the most powerful kingdom in the Near East. From this period a number of cuneiform tablets survive, along with a number of other implements typical of Iron Age culture. The civilization, though it collapsed in the 6th century, nevertheless played an important role in the development of Armenian culture, even as the city of Van was successively administered by other regional empires. Ruling groups included the Ottoman Empire, the Byzantines, and the Seljuk Empire.

4. Today Van is known as “The Pearl of the East” because of the natural beauty that is found there. Lake Van is Turkey’s largest lake, and it is especially interesting because it is both saline and soda water because many different streams feed into the lake, adding more than one type of water into it. The lake is also one of the biggest endorheic lakes in the world because the place where the waters were originally let out from the lake was blocked centuries ago by a volcanic eruption.

5. The city sits on very unstable ground and has been devastated by earthquakes several times in history, with the most recent one being in October 2011. An aftershock from that quake hit in November and knocked even more buildings down.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

katliam massacre

höyük mound

ertelemek/duraklatmak postpone

yıkılmak devastate

sa⇥lam olmayan unstable

kapalı endorheic

artçı deprem aftershock

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: VAN 3 inci pearl

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Katliam, binlerce kiinin ölümüne yol Çeitli höyük kazıları, antik açtı. medeniyetlere dair pek çok bilgiyi gün

yüzüne çıkarmıtır. "The massacre resulted in thousands of deaths." "Excavation of various mounds has revealed a lot of information about ancient human civilization."

Bir baka borca girmesi, kaçınılmaz Köpe⇤inin ölümüyle yıkılmıtı.

sonu erteledi⇤ini gösteriyordu. "She was devastated by the loss of her "Taking out another loan just seemed like dog." he was postponing the inevitable."

Zemin sa⇤lam de⇤ildi, üzerinde Dünyada gerçek anlamda az sayıda yürümeye korkuyordu. kapalı göl vardır.

"The floor was very unstable, and he was "There are few truly endorheic lakes on afraid to walk across it." earth."

Artçı deprem, öncül depremde ayakta Pek çok insan, içinde inci bulmak için bir kalan tüm binaları yıktı. istiridyeyi açma fikrini sever.

"The aftershock took out all the buildings "Many people love the idea of opening an that had withstood the original quake." oyster to find a rare pearl inside."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Van, uzun beyaz tüylü, biribirinden farklı renkte gözlere sahip olan Van Kedisi'nin yuvasıdır. Bu kedi türünün, Ortaça⇥'da ⇤ehrin di⇥er ⇤ehirlerle olan ticaretine konu olması da dahil olmak üzere, yüzyıllar boyunca bu bölgede yaygın oldu⇥una dair kanıtlar vardır. Van Kedisi,

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: VAN 4 biribirinden farklı iki göz rengine sahip olması dı⇤ında, sudan ho⇤nutsuz olmamasıyla da di⇥er kedilerden ayrılır. Van'a gelenler, genellikle bu kedileri suda yüzerken görebilirler. Van Kedisi canayakın olmasına ra⇥men yüksek sesle miyavlamakta, bu nedenle insanlar bu türü evcil hayvan olarak pek sevmemektedir.

More Famous Felines

Van is the original home of the Van Cat, a breed that is known for being quite large, white, and having eyes that do not match. There is evidence that this breed of cat has been prevalent in the region for centuries, even making the list of major exports from the city during medieval times. Aside from having two differently colored eyes, the Van Cat is also distinctive because it typically does not dislike water as much as other breeds of cat. Visitors to Van can often see these cats swimming in the lake. While the Van Cat is very friendly, unfortunately it tends to howl rather than meow, so many people don't like to keep them as house pets.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 TURKISH CITIES: VAN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #21 Top 10 Turkish Holidays and Festivals: Atatürk/Youth and Sports Day

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 21

1. Atatürk/Gençlik ve Spor Bayram

2. Türkiye’de kutlanan Gençlik ve Spor Bayram, Atatürk’ün Türk gençliine olan sevgisi ve umuduyla kurulmutur.

3. Atatürk’ün sözleri u ekildedir: " Ey Türk Gençlii! Birinci vazifen, Türk istiklâlini, Türk Cumhuriyeti’ni, ilelebet, muhafaza ve müdafaa etmektir. Mevcudiyetinin ve istikbalinin yegâne temeli budur. Bu temel, senin, en kymetli hazinendir. "Türkiye’nin geleceinin yeni neslin ellerinde olacan düünerek gençlie olan sevgisini göstermi ve onurlandrmtr. leri görülülüüyle tannan Atatürk’ün iyimserlii tüm halka yaylmtr. Türkiye’yi ileriye götüren milletine olan ballnn kant; halkna, özellikle de genç nüfusa olan tutumudur.

4. Gençlik ve Spor Bayram günü, Kurtulu Sava’nn balad tarih olarak belirlenmitir. Atatürk, Türk halk için egemenlik mücadelesine balarken, ilk hamlesi gençlie deer vermesi olmutur. Pek çok lider ilerleyen dönemlerde geleceklerinin gençliin sinesinde olduu farketseler de, bunlarn pek az, gençlie verilen deeri bu kadar açk bir ekilde ifade etmitir. Atatürk, “ülkenin gelecei gençlie emanettir” beyann kukusuzca vermitir. Elbette ki, yetikin insanlarn bir grup genç lidere koltuu devretmesi konusunda birtakm güçlüklerle karlalmtr. Her bir neslin zaman geldiinde koltuunu devredecei gerçei ile yüzlemesi, Atatürk’e göre daha kolay gözükmütür.

ENGLISH

1. Atatürk/Youth and Sports Day

2. Youth and Sports Day in Turkey was instituted because of Atatürk's love and hope for the youth of Turkey.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: ATATüRK/YOUTH AND SPORTS DAY 2 3. ATATÜRK'S "Turkish Youth! You are the source and strength of our courage. WORDS WERE: You are the precious symbol of humanity and civilization, of love of country and freedom. You, the rising generation, the future is yours! We founded the Republic, and you are the ones who will defend and ensure that it thrives." He loved and honored youth, knowing that the future of Turkey is in the hands of the next generation. Recognized by many as a visionary, his optimism was absolutely contagious. His dedication to the positive direction of Turkey was evident by his attitude toward the people of the country, in particular the young people.

4. The day dedicated as Youth Day signified the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence. In beginning the process of gaining sovereignty for the Turkish people, he valued youth at the very onset. Few leaders have made their position known so clearly, though many realize on some level that their future lies within the bosom of its youth. Atatürk made this statement without reservation—the future of his country belonged to the next generation. Surely this was met with some resistance as the current adults find it hard to release the reins to a younger group of leaders. As each generation comes face-to-face with the reality that the time has come, it did seem to come more easily to Atatürk.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

sine/kucak bosom

iyimserlik optimism

egemenlik/hakimiyet: sovereignty

ileri Görülü visionary

nesil generation

kuku reservation

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: ATATüRK/YOUTH AND SPORTS DAY 3 bulaıcı contagious

büyümek thrive

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Çocuk, gözyaları akarken ana Bazen sadece iyimserlik mümkün kuca⇤ında uzanıyordu. olmaz.

"The child lay on his mother's bosom as "Sometimes optimism just isn't possible." the tears fell."

Kralın hakimiyeti, kötü kararından sonra Bir lider olabilmek için ileri görülü sorgulanır olmutu. olmalısınız.

"The sovereignty of the king was in "To be a leader, you must be a visionary." question after his poor decision."

Gelece⇤imiz, yeni nesillere ba⇤lıdır. Dökümanı kukuyla teslim etti.

"Our future lies in the next generation." "With reservation, he handed over the document."

Kahkahası kesinlikle bulaıcıydı. Bir bitki, güne ıı⇤ı ve su ile büyür.

"Her laughter was absolutely contagious." "A plant thrives on sunlight and water."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı, Türkiye genelinde yarımalar ve etkinliklerle kutlanmaktadır. Türk Gençli⇤i'ne verilen de⇤er, Atatürk'ün eseridir. 2007 yılında Deventer Bakonsolosu Hidayet Eri de, "19 Mayıs'ta (1919 yılında) balatılan aydınlık günler, Türk Gençli⇤i sayesinde ilelebet sürecektir." diye belirterek bu de⇤erin önemini vurgulamıtır. Dünyanın di⇤er ülkelerinin de ö⇤renebilece⇤i gibi Türkiye'nin gelecek liderlerinin genç insanlardan oluaca⇤ı bilinci tarihe dayanmaktadır. ⌅stikbale yönelik olan bu ders, Kurtulu Savaı'na giren bir ülke tarafından verilmitir.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: ATATüRK/YOUTH AND SPORTS DAY 4 A Significant Day on the Turkish Calendar

Youth Day in Turkey is celebrated by competitions and music in towns and provinces around Turkey. The value that had been assigned to the Turkish youth by Atatürk and further validated in 2007 by Turkey's Consul General in Deventer Hidayet Eris when he stated "that the bright days that were started on May 19th (in the year of 1919) would continue forever thanks to Turkish youth."

There is a history of Turkey's awareness of the upcoming leaders from the ranks of their young people from which other countries of the world could learn. A lesson about looking to the future taught by a country that came into its own after a War of Independence.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: ATATüRK/YOUTH AND SPORTS DAY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #22 Top 10 Turkish Holidays and Festivals: New Year's Day in Turkey

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 22

1. Türkiye’de Ylba

2. Tüm dünyadaki kutlamalarda olduu gibi Türkiye’de de Ylba geri saymla ve havai fieklerle kutlanr. Miladi Takvim’e göre 1 Ocak, Türkiye’de yeni yln balangc olarak kabul edilir. Bu zaman tatil olarak, geçmite yaplanlar ve gelecekte yaplacak olanlar deerlendirerek geçirilir. Ayn zamanda tüm dünyada olduu gibi bu gün, coku ve nee içinde kutlanr. nsanlar geceyarsna doru sokaklara çkar, nee içinde dans ederek elenirler. Fakat bu elencelere, Hristiyan gelenei olduu düünüldüünden ve Türkiye’nin büyük çounluu Müslüman inancn benimsediinden ötürü birtakm tepkiler vardr. Bu; Türkiye nüfusunun büyük çounluunun, Ylba kutlamalarnn Noel haftasyla balantl olduunu düünmesinden kaynaklanan bir yanl anlalma nedeniyledir.

3. Türkiye’nin Yeni Yl kutlamalarn, bir Noel tatili olarak alglamasnda endieyi gidermek o kadar da basit deildir. sa’nn doumu olarak bilinen 25 Aralk’tan habersiz olan Türkiye’deki Müslümanlar’n, Ylba ve Ylba arifesi kutlamalarna kar kayglar bulunmaktadr. Bu, ksmen de olsa, ABD’deki Yeni Yl kutlamalarnn Noel tatiliyle ayn güne denk getiren medyann tanmlamasndan kaynaklanmaktadr. Her ne kadar Amerikan vatandalar iki ayr tatilin kutlandn bilseler de, Amerika dndaki ülkelerde bu çok açk deildir.

ENGLISH

1. New Year's Day in Turkey

2. Just as in most of the world's celebrations, New Year's Day in Turkey is marked by a countdown to midnight and fireworks. Following the Gregorian calendar, January first is the beginning of Turkey's New Year. This is a time to enjoy a holiday and look back on things accomplished and forward to those things yet to come. In the same manner as much of the world, this opportunity to celebrate is met with exuberance and frivolity. Happy people will come outside at the midnight hour, joining in with laughter and dancing in the streets. There is some resistance to the raucous celebration, though, since it is considered a Christian custom and the vast majority of Turkey is of the Muslim faith. This is due to the misunderstanding of much of Turkey's population that the New Year's celebration is somehow attached to the Christmas season.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NEW YEAR'S DAY IN TURKEY 2 3. Turkey's apprehension in recognizing a New Year's celebration has more to do with the misconception of the associated Christmas holiday than the New Year's celebration itself. Not being fully aware of the calendar day, December twenty-fifth, as the recognized birthday of Jesus, causes the Muslims in Turkey some anxiety over New Year's Day and New Year's Eve festivities. This is due, in part, to the media portrayals of the US celebrations of the New Year coinciding with the Christmas holiday. Though the citizens in the US are fully aware that there are two distinct holidays celebrated, it is not quite so clear to countries outside of the US.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

miladi gregorian

geri sayım countdown

co⇥ku exuberance

e⇤lence frivolity

gürültülü raucous

yanlı⇥ anla⇥ılma misunderstanding

endi⇥e/kaygı apprehension

kavram yanılgısı/yanlı⇥ kanı misconception

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Miladi takvim, ay takviminden farklıdır. Yılba⇥ına geri sayım ba⇥ladı.

"The Gregorian calendar is different than "The countdown to the New Year was on." the lunar calendar."

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NEW YEAR'S DAY IN TURKEY 3 Çocuk, onlar odada dans ederken co⇥ku Grubun a⇥ırı e⇤lencesini sevmedi. içindeydi. "He disliked the extreme frivolity of the "The children displayed exuberance as party." they danced around the room."

Gürültü kutlama, o gece daha sonradan Bir yanlı⇥ anla⇥ılma, satı⇥ personeline bir arbedeye dönü⇥tü. neredeyse yüklü bir hesaba mal

oluyordu. "The raucous celebration turned into a riot later that night." "A misunderstanding nearly cost the salesperson a huge account."

Yeni okuluna büyük bir endi⇥eyle Tüm ⇥irketlerin zalim ⇥irketler oldu⇤una yakla⇥tı. dair yanlı⇥ bir kanı vardır.

"She approached the new school with a "There is a misconception that all great deal of apprehension." businesses are evil corporations."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Türkiye'nin büyük ço⇤unlu⇤u, birkaç Müslümanın kar⇥ı çıkmasına aldırı⇥ etmeden yılba⇥ını aileleri ve arkada⇥larıyla kutlar ve yeni yıla girerken sokaklara dökülür. Dünya üzerinde yeni yılın yeni bir ba⇥langıç, gelece⇤i yazmak için birinin beklenildi⇤i iyimser bir hava hakimdir. Bu perspektifte, dini veya bir ba⇥ka tabanlı hiçbir grup, yazılmamı⇥ gelece⇤in ilerde bekledi⇤i dü⇥ünceside olan kimsenin heyecanını ve ruhunu durduramadı⇤ı görülmektedir.

A Time to Celebrate the Future

Regardless of the resistance of some Muslims to the New Year's Day celebrations, many of the citizens of Turkey enjoy New Year's Eve time with family and friends, pouring onto the streets to mark the passing of one year into another. There is an optimistic spirit worldwide that looks at the New Year as a new beginning, a blank slate that only waits for one to write a new future. With a perspective like this, it would seem that no group, religious-based or otherwise, can stop the excitement and spirit that fills everyone at the thought of the unwritten

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NEW YEAR'S DAY IN TURKEY 4 future ahead.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NEW YEAR'S DAY IN TURKEY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #23 Top 10 Turkish Holidays and Festivals: Mevlana Festival

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 23

1. Mevlana Festivali

2. Semazen Festivali veya Mevlana Festivali, 13. yüzylda vefat eden Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi’nin ölüm yldönümünde kutlanr. Mevlana, Allah ile olan etkileimin raks yoluyla geçtiine inanmtr. Bu, beyaz elbiseli, siyah hrkal ve konik balkl dervilerin raksnn balangcdr. Semazenleri izlerken kii, dansçlarn kendinden geçtii izlenimine sahiptir ve izleyiciler büyülenir.

3. Mevlana Festivali, her yl 10 Aralk tarihlerinde balar ve 17 Aralk’a kadar devam eder. Kutlama, Mevlana’nn Allah’a olan kavumasnn temsiliyle sona erer. Konya’daki kutlamalara bir milyonun üzerinde insan katlr. Bu yüzden eer kutlamalara katlmak için T ürkiye’ye seyahat etmeyi düünüyorsanz, seyahat planlarnz ve rezervasyonlarnz önceden yapmanz önemlidir.

4. Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi, slam kültüründe ve dier dini kültürlerde yazlar ve iirleriyle dünyann en büyük mistik filozoflarndan biri olarak saylmaktadr. iirlerinin ABD’de en çok satanlar arasnda olduu belirtilmitir. Bu da Müslümanlar ve Ortadou dinleri dnda da ilgi çektiini göstermektedir. Mevlana’nn ölümünden sonra kendilerini semazen olarak tanmlayan ve ibadetlerinin en önemli parças olarak dans kullanan Mevlevi tarikat ad nda bir grup kurulmutur. Mevlana; Allah ile bütünlemenin, müridleri tarafndan ön plana çkarlan bu dans ile meydana geldii görüündedir.

ENGLISH

1. Mevlana Festival

2. The Festival of the Whirling Dervishes, or Mevlana Festival, is a celebration commemorating the death of the thirteenth century Sufi Saint Mevlana, also known as Rumi. Rumi believed that communication with God was achieved by dance. This is the beginning of the dance of the whirling dervishes, dancers in white, swirling robes, black cloaks, and headgear which is cone-shaped. Watching the whirling dervishes, one has the impression that the dancers enter a trance-like state, and it can become mesmerizing to the audience.

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: MEVLANA FESTIVAL 2 3. The Mevlana Festival normally starts around December tenth and concludes December seventeenth each year. The celebration ends on a spectacular note as Mevlana is united in marriage with Allah. The celebration in Konya, Turkey is attended by over one million people, so if you choose to travel to Turkey in order to enjoy this celebration, it is important to make your travel plans and secure accommodations well in advance.

4. Rumi is considered one of the world's great mystic philosophers, with religious writings and poetry the most respected and beloved in Islamic culture and religions beyond Islam. His poetry is reported to be among the biggest-selling works in the US, proving that his work has an appeal well outside the culture of Muslims and Middle Eastern religions. After Mevlana died, a group called the Mevlevi brotherhood was established, calling themselves the whirling dervishes and using dance as one of the foremost means of worship ceremonies. Mevlana's contention that union with God could be attained with dance is brought to the forefront in the use of dance in worship by his followers.

VOCABULARY

Tur kish English

anma günü commemorate

kendinden geçme trance-like

balık headgear

konik cone-shaped

dervi dervish

dönen whirling

mistik mystic

görü contention

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: MEVLANA FESTIVAL 3 Bu gün, tarihteki önemli bir gün olarak Uzun bir süre kendinden geçmi⇥ anılıyordu. durumdaydı.

"The day was set for commemorating the "He was in a trance-like state for a long important time in history." time."

Spor, katılımcıların bir ba⇥lık takmasını Gösteri, konik ba⇥lıklı insanlarla ilgiliydi. gerektiriyordu. "The show was about people with cone- "The sport required participants to wear shaped heads." headgear."

Dervi⇥ler, ⇤slamın sünni mezhebine Kadın, bir çocu⌅un dansetti⌅i gibi ba⌅lıdır. dönmeye ba⇥ladı.

"Devishes belong to the Sunni branch of "The woman started whirling around like a Islam." child dancing."

Mistik, kristal küresine odaklandı. Eski yöntemin yanlı⇥ oldu⌅u yönündeki

görü⇥ güçlenmeye ba⇥ladı. "The mystic gazed into her crystal ball." "The contention that the old way was wrong began to grow."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Semazenlerin dansı kutlamaların önemli bir parçası olmasına ra⇤men, son gece olan 17 Aralık'ta Mevlana'nın Allah'a kavuması, kutlamaların ve ibadetin doruk noktasıdır. Semazenler; dalgalanan beyaz elbiseleri ile saflı⇤ı, siyah yelekleri ile mezarlarını ve konik balıkları ile mezartaını simgelerken, Mevlana'nın fani dünyadan Allah'a kavuması kutlarlar. Konya'daki bu kutlamalar be⇤eni toplamaktadır, ve oldukça muhafazakar bir ehir olan Konya'da kadın turistler, geleneklere uygun olarak giyinmelidirler.

Commemorating a Sacred Wedding

Though dancing by the whirling dervishes is a constant part of the celebration, on the final

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: MEVLANA FESTIVAL 4 night of December seventeenth, the wedding night of Mevlana to Allah is the culmination of the week's worth of celebration and worship. With the flowing white robes signifying purity, the black cloaks representing the tomb and conical hats as their tombstones, they celebrate the passing of Mevlana from his earthly life to his union with Allah. Attending this celebration in Konya is highly sought after, and as a very conservative city, women visiting as tourists should be aware and dress accordingly.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: MEVLANA FESTIVAL 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #24 Top 10 Turkish Holidays and Festivals: Golden Orange Film Festival

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 24

1. Altn Portakal Film Festivali, Türkiye

2. Altn Portakal Film Festivali, 1963’ten beri ylda bir kez Antalya, Türkiye’de düzenlenir. Film gösterimleri ve konserlerden oluan bir Sonbahar etkinlii olan festival; yüksek kaliteli yapmlar üretmek üzere Türk film yapmclarn tevik etmesi ve Türk yapmlarnn uluslararas platformda temsil etmesi ümidiyle Türk sinemasn tantmak amacyla kurulmutur. Film festivalinin logosu portakal olup, festivale adn “Altn Portakal Film Festivali” olarak vermektedir.

3. 1985 ylna kadar festival, Antalya Belediyesi tarafndan düzenlenmekteydi, ancak o tarihten sonra Antalya Kültür Sanat Turizm Vakf, festivalin ve etkinliklerin tantm sorumluluunu üstlenmitir. Ayn dönemde uygulamaya geçirilen uluslararas bir müzik festivali, Altn Portakal Film Festivali’ne derinlik katmtr. Daha büyüünü ve iyisini yapma aray içinde olmak, bu platforma müzik bölümün eklenmesi için temel sebepti. Eylül 2002’de festival, Altn Portakal Kültür ve Sanat Vakf önderliinde kurulan Antalya Kültür ve Sanat Vakf ismini alarak bir kurum olmutur. 2008 itibariyle festival, Uluslararas Avrasya Film Festivali’ni düzenleyen Türkiye Sinema ve Audiovisuel Kültür Vakf ile müterek olarak düzenlenmektedir. Bu yüzden görünürdeki pek çok deiimden sonra festival, Türk sinemasn, idarecilerin yardmyla esas amacna uygun olarak uluslararas sinema pazarna tantarak köklerine dönmütür.

ENGLISH

1. Golden Orange Film Festival

2. The Golden Orange Film Festival has been held annually in Antalya, Turkey since 1963. An Autumn celebration full of theater plays and concerts was first established to promote Turkish cinema, in hopes of encouraging Turkish film producers to bring out high quality work and to help the Turkish productions to enter the international platform of cinema arts. The logo of the film festival was orange, thereby giving the festival its' name—the "Orange Film Festival."

CONT'D OVER

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: GOLDEN ORANGE FILM FESTIVAL 2 3. Until the year 1985, the festival was organized by the Municipality of Antalya, but at this time, the Foundation for Culture, Arts and Tourism stepped up to take charge of the Festival and the promotion of its celebrations. Bringing into play at the same time, an international music festival to add more dimensions to the Orange Film Festival. Seeking to make it bigger and better was the underlying motivation for the addition of the music facet to the platform. In September 2002, the festival became an institution of its own taking the name of Antalya Culture and Arts Foundation under the direction of the Golden Orange Culture and Arts Foundation. As of 2008, the festival has been jointly organized with the Turkish Foundation of Cinema and Audio-Visual Culture, accompanied by the International Eurasia Film Festival. So, after many changes in image, the Festival returns full circle to its roots of a cinema festival, promoting Turkish cinema to the international cinema market—back to its original goal—after several side trips with other overseers.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

sinema cinema

platform platform

belediye municipality

boyut dimension

kurum institution

Avrasya Eurasia

idareci overseer

bölüm facet

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: GOLDEN ORANGE FILM FESTIVAL 3 Çocuklar, ükran Günü’nde sinemaya Kampanyası için ba⌅ı⇥ etkinli⌅ini bir gitmekten çok ho⇥landı. platform olarak kullandı.

"The children loved going to the cinema "He used the charity event as a platform on Thanksgiving." for his campaign."

Belediye, küçük bir alanı kapsıyordu. Kutunun boyutları oldukça büyüktü.

"The municipality covered just a small "The dimensions of the box were quite area." large."

Evlilik kurumu sarsılır gibi görünüyordu. Avrasya, Avrupa ve Asya’nın bir

bölümünü kapsayan alandır. "The institution of marriage seems to be fading." "Eurasia is the region covering part of Europe and Asia."

⇧dareciler i⇥in tamamlandı⌅ından emin Organizasyonun pek çok bölümü vardı. oldular. "There were many facets to the "The overseers made sure that the work organization." was accomplished."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Altın Portakal Film Festivali, Antalya Kültür Merkezi'nde pek çok ileri gelen kimse ve sinemacının katıldı⇥ı açılı⇤ seromonisi ile beraber bir geçit töreni ile ba⇤lar. Önemli miktarda para ödülü ve jüri tarafından belirtilen süre zarfında bitirildi⇥i takdirde proje destekleri gibi ödüller bulunmaktadır. Bazı filmler, Amerikan Akademi Ödül Töreni'nde Oscar kazanmak için seçilmi⇤tir. Ödül töreni, yakla⇤ık 7,000 ki⇤ilik Aspendos Amfi Tiyatrosu'nda sinema yapımlarının ödüllendirilmesine müteakip kapanı⇤ töreni ile birlikte yapılır. Kötü hava ⇤artlarına kar⇤ın 2500 ki⇤ilik Cam Piramit Sabancı Kongre ve Fuar Merkezi bulunmaktadır.

A Busy Schedule

The Orange Film Festival starts with a parade in Antalya, with an opening ceremony in the

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: GOLDEN ORANGE FILM FESTIVAL 4 Antalya Cultural Center with many dignitaries and cinema professionals in attendance. Awards include cash prizes of substantial amounts and grants for new projects if completed within time frames specified by the prize donor. Some films have gone on to win Oscars at the American Academy Awards. The presentation of awards is followed by accolades of cinema productions during the closing ceremonies at the historical Aspendos Amphitheatre, which can accommodate around seven thousand attendees. There is always hope for good weather as the site for inclement weather, the Glass Pyramid Sabanci Congress and Exhibition Center, only holds 2,500 people.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: GOLDEN ORANGE FILM FESTIVAL 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #25 Top 10 Turkish Holidays and Festivals: Izmir International Fair

CONTENTS

2 Turkish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 25

1. zmir Enternasyonal Fuar

2. Türkiye tarihindeki en eski fuar etkinlii olan zmir Enternasyonal Fuar, ihracat veya ithalat potansiyeli olan herhangi bir ürünün sergilenmesi amacyla bayilerin ve üreticilerin mekan olarak nitelendirilir. Yalnzca bayilerin ürünlerinin yer ald bir ticaret sergisi deil, ayrca pek çok festivalin yer ald bir fuardr. Her yl belirli bir ülke veya faaliyet alan, sahip olduu uzmanlk alan kapsamnda önemle vurgulanarak tantlr. Örnein, bir yl organik tarm konusu, zmir Enternasyonal Fuar katlmclarna ve ziyaretçilerine yüksek düzeyde duyurularak bu kiilere hitap etmek hedeflenmitir.

3. Fuar, sadece bir temayla snrl olmadndan dolay, Türkiye ekonomik yapsnda yer almaya çalan birçok yeni giriim, bu fuar salam yapdaki irketlerin arasna katlma ve ürün gamlarn sergileme yolu olarak görmütür. 80.000 metrekarelik serge alan ile yeni irketlerin ürünlerini sergilemeleri için oldukça büyük bir alan vardr. Bir irketin; ister iletmeler aras, isterse son kullanclara yönelik olsun ilerini gelitirmesi için mükemmel bir yerdir.

4. zmir Enternasyonal Fuar, ayrca snrlar aras yeni i olanaklarn kuvvetlendirmek amacyla ilgili ülkelerin ticaret heyetlerinin katlmn salayarak uluslararas irketlerin ihtiyacn karlar. 2011 ylndaki 80’inci fuar kapsamnda Onur Konuu Ülke Avusturya ve Onur Konuu l Denizli özel olarak tantlmtr. Bu özel tantm sayesinde Türkiye, ticari ilikilerini salamlatrmtr ve onurlandrlan ülke ve ehirle birlikte alc-s atc arasndaki kredibilitesini daha da artrmtr.

ENGLISH

1. Izmir International Fair

2. The oldest tradeshow in Turkey's history, the Izmir International Fair, is considered to be the place for vendors and manufacturers to show any product that has potential for export or import. As a show that holds not only vendors’ wares, it also hosts a number of festivals throughout the show. Each year a particular country or field of activity is highlighted for bringing attention to its specific area of expertise. For example, one year the field of organic farming was specifically targeted for a high level of exposure to the participants and visitors of the Izmir International Fair.

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TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: IZMIR INTERNATIONAL FAIR 2 3. Since the fair is not limited to a theme, many new entrants to the economic structure of Turkey find this a way to join the ranks of well-established companies and bring exposure to their line(s) of goods. With over eighty thousand square meters of exposition space, there is plenty of room for new vendors to display their items. Whether a company is looking to gain business to business customers or to connect with end users, this is the perfect venue.

4. The Izmir International Fair also caters to international companies, by bringing in trade delegations from interested countries with the goal of solidifying new business relationships across borders. During the eightieth fair, in 2011, the relationship with Partner Country, Austria, and Guest City of Honor, Denizli, received special recognition throughout the fair exhibition. By providing this special recognition, Turkey adds to the stability of their trading relationship and adds more credibility to the vendor-supplier base with the country and city honored.

VOCABULARY

Turkish English

satıcı vendor

potansiyel potential

Önemle vurgulamak/göstermek highlight

açıklamak/anlatmak/duyurmak exposure

sergi exposition

tema theme

uzmanlık expertise

organik organic

SAMPLE SENTENCES

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: IZMIR INTERNATIONAL FAIR 3 Satıcılar ile sa⇥lam ili⇤kiler geli⇤tirmek Büyüme potansiyeli çok büyüktü. uzun süre alır. "The potential for growth was enormous." "It takes a long time to establish a solid relationship with vendors."

⌅ov, onun ⇤arkıcılık yeteneklerini Pek çok farklı tecrübeyi anlatmak göstermi⇤ti. çocuklar için iyidir.

"The show highlighted her singing talents." "Exposure to many different experiences is good for children."

Sergi, sanatçılara el i⇤i ürünlerini Gösterinin teması "Denizler Altında" idi. sergileme alanı sunmu⇤tu. "The theme of the show was 'Under the "The exposition provided a place for the Sea.'" artisans to sell their handicrafts."

Bu uzmanlık alanına sahip herhangi Bugünlerde organic ürünlere yüksek bir birine ihtiyacı yoktu. e⇥ilim var.

"She had no need of someone with this "There is a big move toward purchasing particular area of expertise." organic produce today."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Fuarın 1,000'in üzerinde katılımcısı ve 1,5 milyon ziyaretçisi bulunmaktadır. Bu da fuarı, ülke ve civar bölgelerce en çok tanınan ve ekonomik anlamda en çok katkı sa⇥lanan fuarlardan biri konumuna getirmi⇤tir. Ekonomi, mali bir canlılık ya⇤amaktadır, ayrıca bölgede ba⇥lantı kurma potansiyeli çok yüksektir. Geçmi⇤ yıllarda fuar, Küba ve Etiyopya'yla olan ekonomik ba⇥ı ve i⇤ ili⇤kilerini güçlendirmek için bu ülkeleri a⇥ırlamı⇤tır. Türkiye'de gerçekle⇤en ⌅zmir Enternasyonal Fuarı, köprüler kurup, parçası oldu⇥umuz küresel ekonominin geli⇤imine yardımcı olmak amacıyla kom⇤uluk ili⇤kilerini geli⇤tirerek do⇥ru bir yolda oldu⇥unu göstermi⇤tir.

An Economic Boost

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: IZMIR INTERNATIONAL FAIR 4 The fair has over one thousand exhibitors and 1.5 million visitors, making this the most widely respected and economically beneficial show for the country and the surrounding areas. The economy receives a financial boost as well as networking potential that is unsurpassed in the region. In years past, the fair has honored Cuba and Ethiopia to strengthen their economic ties and business dealings with these countries. In Turkey, the Izmir International Fair does it right, building bridges and connecting with the neighbors in the region to help grow the global economy of which we are all a part.

TURKISHCLASS101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 TURKISH HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: IZMIR INTERNATIONAL FAIR 5 Intro 13 Bursa 1 Hagia Sophia 14 Izmir 2 Cappadocia 15 Konya 3 Grand Bazaar— Istanbul 16 Urfa 4 Topkapi Palace 17 Istanbul 5 Pamukkale 18 Ankara 6 Basilica Cistern 19 Hatay 7 Marmaris 20 Van 8 Nemrut Dagi National Park 21 Atatürk/Youth and Sports Day 9 Troy 22 New Year's Day in Turkey 10 The Blue Mosque 23 Mevlana Festival 11 Trabzon 24 Golden Orange Film Festival 12 Adana 25 Izmir International Fair