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The National Biological Diversity Strategy and Action Plan 2007

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The National Biological Diversity Strategy and Action Plan 2007 THE NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN 2007 The National Biological Diversity Strategy and Action Plan Prepared by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks Department of Nature Conservation National Focal Point of Convention on Biological Diversity ISBN: 978-605-393-030-3 © All rights reserved by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks Department of Nature Conservation National Focal Point of Convention on Biological Diversity Söğütözü Cad. 14/E 14. Kat Beştepe/Ankara Phone: 0312 207 60 61-62 Fax: 0312 207 58 91 Web: www.cbd.gov.tr Web: www.cevreorman.gov.tr Graphic design Abdullah Dalkılıç Press Tasarım Ofset 1st Press / Ankara 2008 Phone: 0312 384 75 04 Living resources, which are important in terms of food and agriculture and which are steadily decreasing, are counted today among the important advantages a country may possess. The arable lands and water resources of the world are rapidly becoming polluted and disappearing. Scientists think that mankind will in the near future be faced with a serious shortage of water and food. In the light of these developments, the biological diversity of a country is becoming a major strength, especially in terms of genetic resources. As a country that has vital resources for people’s food security. Turkey is one of the fortunate countries of the world from the viewpoint of biological diversity. This considerable wealth both offers our country economic opportunities and imposes upon it the responsibility to establish a conservation- utilization balance. Our country will be able to use these opportunities and to establish a conservation- utilization balance and carry its biological diversity over to future generations through plans and programmes that also ensure harmony between sectors. As required by Article 6 of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, to which we are a party, our country must prepare national strategies, plans and programmes to achieve the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The National Biological Diversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) has been prepared with the aims of meeting our obligations under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, implementing actions in conformity with the regulations of the European Union in the sector of nature conservation, and achieving the goals of conservation and sustainable use through a comprehensive and integrated approach to the biological diversity of our country. The NBSAP includes goals and actions that will directly or indirectly affect all sectors that play a role in the conservation, management and utilization of biological diversity. It also defi nes the priorities and commitments of our country at the international level with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. For these reasons, the contribution and participation to be provided by the relevant institutions and organizations at the stage of implementation as they did during the preparation of the NBSAP will be one of the most important elements of the heritage that we will leave to future generations. Prof. Dr. Veysel EROĞLU Minister of the Environment and Forestry CONTENT PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................11 1.3. THE STRATEGY IN BRIEF ..................................................................................................12 2. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1. THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE NBSAP ........................17 2.2. THE METHOD USED IN UPDATING THE NBSAP........................................................... 20 3. TURKEY’S BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE ............................................ 20 3.1. TURKEY’S GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES ........................................................................ 20 3.2. TURKEY’S SOCIOECONOMIC FEATURES ......................................................................21 3.3. GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING TURKEY’S BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ....................23 3.3.1. Ecosystem Diversity ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2. Species Diversity ............................................................................................................ 27 3.3.3. Genetic Diversity ............................................................................................................ 33 4. THE CURRENT STATE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ............................................................... 37 4.1. CURRENT MECHANISMS CONCERNING THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DİVERSİTY ................................................................................... 37 4.1.1. The Institutional Structure .............................................................................................. 37 4.1.2. Nature conservation policies and environmental law .....................................................38 4.2. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES .............................................44 4.2.1. Ex-situ Conservation (Conservation Outside the Natural Habitat or Artifi cial Conservation) 44 4.2.2. In-situ Conservation (Conservation in the Natural Habitat or Conservation On Site) .................45 4.2.3. Important projects conducted at national level ...............................................................50 4.3. AGRICULTURAL AREA AND STEPPE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ............................... 52 4.3.1 Agricultural Area and Steppe Biological diversity .......................................................... 52 4.3.2. Institutional Structure and Capacity .............................................................................. 64 4.3.3. Policy and Legislation .................................................................................................... 65 4.3.4. National Practices ........................................................................................................... 65 4.3.5. Threats to Farmlands and Steppes Biological diversity and their Causes ...................... 66 4.3.6. Gaps and Needs .............................................................................................................. 68 4.4. FOREST AND MOUNTAIN BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY .................................................. 69 4.4.1 Forest and Mountain Biological Diversity ..................................................................... 69 4.4.2. Institutional Structure and Capacity .............................................................................. 71 4.4.3. Policy and Legislation .................................................................................................... 71 4.4.4. National Practices ........................................................................................................... 73 4.4.5. Threats to Forest and Mountain Biological diversity and their Causes ..........................75 4.4.6. Gaps and Needs .............................................................................................................. 76 4.5. INLAND WATERS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ................................................................. 77 4.5.1. Inland waters Biological Diversity ...................................................................................... 77 4.5.2. Institutional Structure and Capacity ............................................................................... 81 4.5.3. Policy and Legislation .................................................................................................... 82 4.5.4. National Practices ........................................................................................................... 82 4.5.5. Threats to inland waters biological diversity and their causes ....................................... 83 4.5.6. Gaps and Needs .............................................................................................................. 84 4.6. COASTAL AND MARINE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ..................................................... 84 4.6.1 Coastal and Marine Biological diversity ......................................................................... 84 4.6.2. Institutional Structure and Capacity ............................................................................... 95 4.6.3. Policy and Legislation .................................................................................................... 96 4.6.4. National Practices ........................................................................................................... 97 4.6.5 Threats to coastal and marine biological diversity and their causes ..............................101 4.6.7. Gaps and Needs ...........................................................................................................
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