Plant Protection in Hops

Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft Gesellschaft für Hopfenforschung e.V. Annual Report 2010 Special Crop: Hops Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture - Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding - and the Society of Hop Research e.V. March 2011 LfL-Information Published by: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL) (Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture) Vöttinger Straße 38, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Internet: www.LfL.bayern.de Edited by: Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung, Arbeitsbereich Hopfen (Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Hops Dept.) Hüll 5 1/3, 85283 Wolnzach E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: 0 84 42/92 57-0 Translated by: J. Pockrandt (B.Sc.) and M. Eisenberger (B.A. Hons.) 1st Edition: March 2011 Printed by:: FCS FotoCopyService, 85354 Freising Nominal fee: 5.-- € ©2 LfL Change is the only constant As of 1st April 2011, we, Dr. Fritz-Ludwig Schmucker and LLD Bernhard Engelhard, will no longer play an active role at the Hüll Hop Research Centre. After ten years of service as Managing Director of the Society of Hop Research e. V. (GfH) and almost 17 years of hop research focussing on plant protection (Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Dept. IPZ 5b), we would like to take the opportunity to present a brief review of major changes that took place and yet went almost unnoticed during this comparatively short period of time. For the GfH, a private society, the following milestones must be highlighted: Our society saw an increase in its membership from 128 to 330 as the result of intensive and sustained canvassing efforts. This has stabilized the funding situation for hop research. After the change in name from "German Society of Hop Research (DgfH)" to “Society of Hop Research e.V.” (GfH), an “Advisory Board” consisting of leading brewing scientists and representatives from the brewing industry was established. This body crafts valuable proposals aimed at ensuring practice-oriented research. Research projects and objectives are continuously scrutinized and adjusted to the relevant situation by the GfH and the LfL’s government-funded hop research organisation for the benefit of the hops and brewing industries. All work groups within the Hops Department of the LfL have posted successes: New varieties have enabled German hop growers to continue competing successfully on the competitive global market. Whereas global hop acreage was reduced by 50 % within 16 years, acreage in Germany declined by a "mere" 23 % within the same period. The acreage planted with Hüll aroma cultivars increased from 51 % to 81 % in Germany and that planted with Hüll bitter/high-alpha varieties from 20 % to as much as 93 % – a genuine success story. Improved application techniques for plant protectives, new irrigation methods and technical equipment optimizing hop drying and conditioning have been put into practice. Great efforts were necessary to provide hop growers with sufficiently authorised plant protectives for combating harmful organisms. Despite much tighter regulations, solutions were found again and again with the help of the crop science companies and above all the growers' associations. New valuable components such as xanthohumol have been included in analytical and breeding programmes. There are numerous signs allowing us to conclude that the Hüll Hop Research Centre has achieved greater national and international recognition during the past decade. However, the centre cannot take all the credit for this recognition, which is also due to the work of highly motivated teams in Hüll, Wolnzach and Freising. We regard the awarding of the Order of the Hop by the International Hop Growers' Convention (IHGC) as recognition of the hop research as a whole. The conferment of the rare level-2 'Officer of the Order of the Hop' award may be seen, in particular, as overall recognition of the Hüll Hop Research Centre. We would like to thank all those with whom we have had the honour of collaborating for what has been a very positive working climate. We have enjoyed the opportunity to work at Bavaria’s Hop Research Centre in Hüll for the benefit of the hops and brewing industries. Dr. Fritz Ludwig Schmucker LLD Bernhard Engelhard Managing Director of the GfH Coordinator, Hops Department, LfL 3 Contents ........................................................................................................ Page 1 Research projects and main research areas of the Hops Department ................8 1.1 Current research projects............................................................................................8 1.2 Main research areas ..................................................................................................26 1.2.1 Hop breeding ............................................................................................................26 1.2.2 Hop cultivation and production techniques .............................................................28 1.2.3 Hop quality and analytics .........................................................................................31 1.2.4 Plant protection in hops ............................................................................................33 2 Fickle weather in 2010 – effects on production-related measures in the Hallertau .................................................................................................................34 2.1 Weather data (monthly means or monthly totals) for 2010 compared with 10- and 50-year means .............................................................................................37 3 Statistical data on hop production ........................................................................38 3.1 Production data.........................................................................................................38 3.1.1 Pattern of hop farming .............................................................................................38 3.1.2 Hop varieties ............................................................................................................40 3.2 Yields in 2010 ..........................................................................................................42 4 Hop breeding research ...........................................................................................45 4.1 Classical breeding ....................................................................................................45 4.1.1 Crosses in 2010 ........................................................................................................45 4.1.2 Breeding of dwarf hops for low trellis systems .......................................................45 4.1.3 Breeding of PM-resistant hops – current situation ...................................................50 4.1.4 Hop quality assurance: monitoring for virus and viroid diseases ............................55 4.2 Biotechnology ..........................................................................................................58 4.2.1 Characterisation of hop/hop powdery mildew interaction at cell level and functional analysis of defence-related genes............................................................58 4.3 Genome analysis ......................................................................................................60 4.3.1 Investigation of Verticillium infections in the Hallertau district ..............................60 5 Hop cultivation and production techniques .........................................................63 5.1 Nmin test in 2010 .......................................................................................................63 5.2 Studies to investigate the structural design of hop trellis systems ...........................65 5.2.1 Objective ..................................................................................................................65 5.2.2 Method .....................................................................................................................65 5.2.3 Results ......................................................................................................................65 5.3 Measuring the weight of wet and dry hop bines ......................................................66 5.3.1 Initial situation and objective ...................................................................................66 5.3.2 Method .....................................................................................................................66 4 5.3.3 Results and discussion .............................................................................................67 5.4 Measurement of wind-velocity variation in hop yards ............................................69 5.4.1 Initial situation and objective ...................................................................................69 5.4.2 Method .....................................................................................................................69 5.4.3 Results and discussion .............................................................................................69 5.5 Investigations to determine the influence of strobilurins on yield, alpha acids and disease infestation using “Ortiva” (active agent: azoxystrobin) as an example ....................................................................................................................72 5.5.1 Objective ..................................................................................................................72

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