Jahresbericht 2017 Sonderkultur Hopfen

Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft Gesellschaft für Hopfenforschung e.V. Annual Report 2018 Special Crop: Hops Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture - Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding - and Society of Hop Research e.V. March 2019 LfL-Information 1 Publishing information: Published by: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL) (Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture) Vöttinger Straße 38, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Internet: http://www.LfL.bayern.de Edited by: Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung, Arbeitsbereich Hopfen (Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Hops Department) Hüll 5 1/3, 85283 Wolnzach E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: +49 84 42/92 57-0 Translated by: Patricia Ziegler B.A. Hons. (London) First edition: March 2019 Nominal2 fee: 5,-- € © LfL Foreword Each year is different; and each year brings new challenges for hop growing. Generally speaking, there is no denying that climate change is upon us, and hot, arid summers are becoming increasingly common. 2018, too, was characterized by global warming. For the initial two-thirds of March it was still definitely winter, but then spring arrived and went straight into summer with no transition period. The growing season was atypically warm and dry, with the result that the hops soon started flowering and the hop harvest began earlier than ever before. Yields were slightly below average and alpha acids content con- siderably below average, underlining the up-to-the minute importance of research into irrigation. First and foremost, breeding research is crucial to addressing the problems of adapting to climate change. The new cultivars from Hüll, Mandarina Bavaria, Hallertau Blanc, Herkules, and Polaris, demonstrated once again their enhanced stress tolerance in the face of the extremes of 2018’s weather conditions. As regards pests and diseases, 2018 saw serious problems with powdery mildew and per- sistent infestation by the two-spotted spider mite. The success of the referendum on bio- diversity will certainly not be conducive to making plant protection agents readily available. Added to this, the fertilizer ordinance will demand huge efforts on the part of farmers in order to protect our groundwater. A project run by Working Group Hop Farm- ing/Production Techniques is in the process of establishing the basics of selective, needs- oriented fertilization, making the most efficient use of plant nutrients. At the same time, work is underway to look closely at nitrogen dynamics in hop-growing soils and the effect the use of crop residues has on this, with the aim of optimizing fertilizer management and avoiding water contamination. Working Group IPZ 5d Hop Quality/Hop Analytics plays an important interdisciplinary role in performing all the analytical tests required by the other Working Groups, for the breeding unit in particular. In the last few years, the Society of Hop Research (Gesell- schaft für Hopfenforschung) has invested heavily in analytics equipment. In 2018, the pur- chase was approved of an automatic liquid sampler to complement the gas chromatog- raphy/mass spectrometry system so that water vapour distillates can now be analysed. The euphoria surrounding craft beers and special flavor hops has now become rather mut- ed. At present, we are seeing a glut of these hop varieties, which is affecting both price and demand. Aside from this development, the market for hop is pleasingly positive. Sup- ply contract cover is high, and prices, especially for hops sold on the spot market, are very good. In fact, the demand for bittering hops cannot be fully met. The challenges facing hop will most certainly accumulate in the next few years. However, LfL hop research is well-placed to rise to these challenges and devise solutions to the problems ahead that will benefit hop growing in both Bavaria and Germany as a whole. The annual report which follows presents in detail all the research activities of the Hüll research facility. Successful research cannot be done without the hard work, commitment and creativity contributed by all the staff at Hüll, Wolnzach and Freising, so, at this point, I would like to express our special thanks to everyone involved. Dr. Michael Möller Dr. Peter Doleschel Chief Executive, Head of the Institute for Crop Society of Hop Research Science and Plant Breeding 3 Contents Page 1 Research Projects and Key Research Priorities, Hops Department ...................7 1.1 Current Research Projects ..........................................................................................7 1.2 Key Research Priorities ............................................................................................33 1.2.1 Research focus: hop farming/ production techniques ..............................................33 1.2.2 Research focus: hop plant protection .......................................................................36 1.2.3 Research focus: hop quality and analytics ...............................................................37 2 Weather Conditions and Growth Development 2018 ─ impact on technical aspects of production and occurrence of pests and pathogens in the Hallertau region ...........................................................................................40 2.1 Weather Conditions and Growth Development in 2018 ..........................................40 2.2 Diseases and Pest Infestation ...................................................................................40 2.3 Special Aspects 2018 ...............................................................................................41 3 Statistical Data on Hop Production ......................................................................43 3.1 Production Data ........................................................................................................43 3.1.1 Pattern of hop farming .............................................................................................43 3.1.2 Hop varieties in 2018 ...............................................................................................45 3.2 Crop Yields in 2018 .................................................................................................47 4 Hop Breeding Research .........................................................................................50 4.1 Crosses in 2018 ........................................................................................................50 4.2 The New Breeds from Hüll Withstand the Extremes of 2018 - and deliver evidence of their climate tolerance and brewing versatility.....................................50 4.3 Crossbreeding with Tettnanger Landrace ................................................................57 4.4 Development of Healthy, High-yielding Hops with High Alpha Acids Content, Especially Suited to Cultivation in the Elbe-Saale Region ......................58 4.5 Research into and Work on the Problem of Verticillium on Hop ─ molecular detection direct from the hop bine via Real-time PCR ............................................62 4.6 Meristem Tissue Culture to Obtain Healthy Planting Material ...............................64 4.7 Establishing a Detached Leaf Assay to Assess the Level of Tolerance of Hops to Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) ...........................................66 5 Hop Farming, Technical Aspects of Production .................................................69 5.1 Nmin Audit in 2018 ....................................................................................................69 5.2 Model Project: Demonstration Farms ─ Integrated Plant Protection, Sub- project Hop Farming in Bavaria (ID 5108) ..............................................................70 5.3 Development of Optimal Air Distribution Systems when Redesigning a Special Belt Dryer to Dry Hops (ID 6055) ..............................................................77 5.4 Improving Drying Operations in Commercially Operated Hop Kilns through Uniform Air and Temperature Distribution .............................................................80 5.5 Plant-available Nitrogen from Bine Residues, as Demonstrated in a Pot Culture Experiment with Perennial Ryegrass ..........................................................83 5.6 Methods of Assessing Plant N Status in Hop ..........................................................87 5.7 LfL Projects as Part of the Production and Quality Campaign ................................92 5.7.1 Annual survey, study and analysis of data on hop quality post harvest ...................93 4 5.7.2 Annual survey and investigation of pest infestation in representative hop yards in Bavaria........................................................................................................95 5.7.3 Multiple laboratory ring analysis for quality assurance in determining alpha acids content for hop supply contracts .....................................................................95 5.8 Advisory Service and Training Activities ................................................................96 5.8.1 Written information ..................................................................................................96 5.8.2 Internet and intranet .................................................................................................96 5.8.3 Telephone advisory and information services..........................................................96 5.8.4 Lectures and talks, conferences, guided tours, training

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