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The Syrian National Council: a Victorious Opposition?
THE INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IMES CAPSTONE PAPER SERIES THE SYRIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL: A VICTORIOUS OPPOSITION? JARED MARKLAND KRITTIKA LALWANEY MAY 2012 THE INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES THE ELLIOTT SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY COPYRIGHT OF THE AUTHOR(S), 2012 THE SYRIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL: A VICTORIOUS OPPOSITION? Jared Markland & Krittika Lalwaney Introduction The Syrian National Council (SNC) emerged as an opposition movement representing the democratic uprisings in Syria calling for regime change. The Assad regime’s forceful measures against Syrians have delegitimized the government and empowered the revolution. The success of the revolution, in overthrowing the regime hinges on the Syrian opposition’s ability to overcome its deficiencies. This paper analyzes the performance of the SNC by determining SNC success or failure to launch a successful opposition movement against the regime. The SNC’s probability of success in the overthrow of the regime is contingent on its ability to unify internally, obtain financial capacity, establish international recognition, and build internal popular support. Methodology The methods used to examine the prospects for success of the SNC as a viable opposition movement consist of comparative case studies and qualitative field research. We examined four case studies, including Nicaragua, Libya, El Salvador and Guatemala. These cases establish a set of core factors necessary for an opposition movement to succeed. The utilization of these factors allows us to create a comparative assessment of the overall performance of the SNC. Our qualitative fieldwork entailed a total of 32 interviews with current SNC members, Syrian activists, refugees, Free Syrian Army members, academic experts, and government officials. -
Elreencuentroenlosbanquillos Dedosviejosconocidosyamigos
6 REAL SOCIEDAD MUNDO DEPORTIVO Martes 17 de agosto de 2004 Las bajas de los internacionales marcarán el partido ante el Zamalek (20.30, ETB) ႧAmorrortu podría probar a Jauregi en el lugar de Xabi Una presentación condicionada Eneko de la Cuesta DONOSTIA sea un problema para él, ya que, LA PLANTILLA DEL ZAMALEK así, aprovechará para seguir pro- a Real afronta hoy su pre- bando a diversos jugadores en di- PORTEROS sentación ante la afición versas posiciones que le interesa Abdel Wahed El–Sayed len Anoeta ante el Zama- verles. Puede ser el caso de Igor Mohamed Abdel Monsef lek, campeón egipcio que Jauregi. El tolosarra, que arrastra Wael Ismail 'Zenga' dirige Dragoslav Stepanovic. A una amigdalitis desde hace unos Attout Abdel Halim partir de las 20.30 horas –Euskal días, parece estar recuperado y DEFENSAS Telebista lo retransmite en direc- puede que se ubique en la zona de Medhat Abdel Hady to–, los seguidores que se acer- pivote retrasado, lugar que, en Hossam Abdel Monaem quen a Anoeta podrán presenciar principio, estaba reservado para Ahmed Saleh las primeras evoluciones de los ju- Xabi Alonso. Es una opción que Besheer El–Tabei gadores, entre ellos a Mikel Arteta maneja Amorrortu y no extraña- Amir Azmy Megahed y a Jeremie Brechet, que debutan ría que aprovechara el encuentro Tarek El–Sayed con la elástica realista en el esta- de hoy para situarle como sostén. Wael El–Quabbany dio donostiarra. Para el antiguota- Ibrahim Hassan rra –nunca ha jugado en Anoeta– Westerveld, ni convocado Mohamed Seddek será, sin duda, un día especial, y lo A pesar de la ausencia de Riesgo, Ahmed Samir Aboul Amayem afronta con muchas ganas. -
The Free Syrian Army Vs. the Syrian National Council -- Which Should We Support? by David Schenker
MENU Policy Analysis / Articles & Op-Eds The Free Syrian Army vs. the Syrian National Council -- Which Should We Support? by David Schenker Apr 2, 2012 ABOUT THE AUTHORS David Schenker David Schenker is the Taube Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs. Articles & Testimony year into the Syrian uprising against Bashar Al-Assad, the dysfunctional nature of Syrian opposition politics A isn't exactly news. But the resignation last month of Syrian dissident Kamal Labwani from the Syrian National Council (SNC) -- which he accused not only of being "undemocratic" and incompetent, but intent on undermining the secular basis of the revolution -- is an especially troubling indictment of the opposition's hapless government in exile. The Obama administration should heed Labwani's testimony, and reassess its diplomacy accordingly. Indeed, taking a cue from Labwani's experience, Washington should refocus its attention away from the SNC, in favor of providing more active support for the less centralized, but potentially more effective Free Syrian Army (FSA). I can personally attest to the depth of Labwani's commitment to a free Syria. I first met him in 2005, when he was in Washington for meetings with Bush administration officials. During a meeting at the Pentagon that I attended, Labwani, a medical doctor who was a prominent member of the "Damascus Spring" reform movement in 2001, did not ask for U.S. assistance in toppling Syria's Assad regime. Instead, he spoke eloquently about the need for political reform in his country. When I asked him whether he feared being jailed on his return, he said he knew he would be arrested, but nonetheless believed it was important for U.S. -
Kurdish Political and Civil Movements in Syria and the Question of Representation Dr Mohamad Hasan December 2020
Kurdish Political and Civil Movements in Syria and the Question of Representation Dr Mohamad Hasan December 2020 KurdishLegitimacy Political and and Citizenship Civil Movements in inthe Syria Arab World This publication is also available in Arabic under the title: ُ ف الحركات السياسية والمدنية الكردية ي� سوريا وإشكالية التمثيل This publication was made possible by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the author. For questions and communication please email: [email protected] Cover photo: A group of Syrian Kurds celebrate Newroz 2007 in Afrin, source: www.tirejafrin.com The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). This document is issued on the understanding that if any extract is used, the author and the LSE Conflict Research Programme should be credited, with the name and date of the publication. All rights reserved © LSE 2020. About Legitimacy and Citizenship in the Arab World Legitimacy and Citizenship in the Arab World is a project within the Civil Society and Conflict Research Unit at the London School of Economics. The project looks into the gap in understanding legitimacy between external policy-makers, who are more likely to hold a procedural notion of legitimacy, and local citizens who have a more substantive conception, based on their lived experiences. Moreover, external policymakers often assume that conflicts in the Arab world are caused by deep- seated divisions usually expressed in terms of exclusive identities. -
Syrian Muslim Brotherhood Still a Crucial Actor. Inclusivity the Order of the Day in Dealings with Syria's Opposition
Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik ments German Institute for International and Security Affairs m Co Syrian Muslim Brotherhood Still a Crucial Actor WP S Inclusivity the Order of the Day in Dealings with Syria’s Opposition Petra Becker Summer 2013 brought severe setbacks for the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood. Firstly, one of its most important regional supporters, Qatar lost its leading role in the Group of Friends of the Syrian People, the alliance of states and organisations backing Syria’s opposition, to Saudi Arabia. Secondly, the Brotherhood has been hit by stinging criti- cism of the Egyptian MB’s performance in government and the media witch-hunt against political Islam following the ouster of Mohammed Morsi. In the face of these events the Syrian Brotherhood – to date still a religious and social movement – post- poned the founding of a political party planned for late June. Thirdly, the Brotherhood – like its partners in the National Coalition which opposes the Syrian regime – bet on an American-backed military intervention in August/September. This intervention did not occur due to the American-Russian brokered agreement providing for Syria to join the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. As a result, the National Coalition and its Supreme Military Command have faced defections of major rebel forces, which may lead to a major shift towards Jihadi Salafism and the marginalization of moderate forces on the ground. Yet the Brother- hood remains the best-organised political force within the Syrian opposition alliances and still sees itself becoming the leading force in post-revolutionary Syria. Germany and Europe should encourage moderate forces whatever their political colours and foster the implementation of democratic concepts. -
Egyptian Diving & Lifesaving
Final Result Long Distance Rank Club Country Junior Senior Total 1 Dolphin – Tula Russia 545 482 1027 2 Police Club Egypt 450 294 744 3 Abu Kier Egypt 235 355 590 4 Shooting Alexandria Egypt 380 60 440 5 Shooting Katamia Egypt 167 173 340 6 Semoha Egypt 286 44 330 7 Ismailia Zone Egypt 119 94 213 8 Dossaf Novosibirsk Russia 0 193 193 9 Yaroslavl Russia 93 72 165 10 Victoria College Egypt 70 90 160 11 Suez Canal Egypt 91 69 160 12 Army Club Egypt 0 144 144 13 Team 47 – SKA Russia 116 0 116 14 Bank al-Ahly Egypt 110 0 110 15 CSTK Aqualeasder-1 Kyiv Ukraine 0 93 93 16 Darnitsa-303Kyiv Ukraine 0 82 82 17 FPS Krasnoyarski Region Russia 0 78 78 18 Nevskaya Volna SPB Russia 0 75 75 19 Torunczyk Torun Poland 0 72 72 20 Haras Hodod Egypt 69 0 69 21 SC Sigma – Bogatyr,Kyv Ukraine 0 66 66 22 Swimming School Kaunas Lithuania 60 0 60 23 Acacia Egypt 51 0 51 1 Overall Result Long Distance "Senior" Rank Club Country Senior Point 1 Dolphin - Tula Russia 482 2 Abu Kier Egypt 355 3 Police Club Egypt 294 4 Ismailia Zone Egypt 194 5 Dossaf Novosibirsk Russia 193 6 Shooting Katamia Egypt 173 7 Army Club Egypt 144 8 CSTK Aqualeasder-1 Kyiv Ukraine 93 9 Victoria College Egypt 90 10 Darnitsa-303Kyiv Ukraine 82 11 FPS Krasnoyarski Region Russia 78 12 Nevskaya Volna SPB Russia 75 13 Torunczyk Torun Poland 72 13 Yaroslavl Russia 72 15 Suez Canal Egypt 69 16 SC Sigma – BogatyrKrvyi Rig Ukraine 66 17 Shooting Alexandria Egypt 60 18 Semoha Egypt 44 2 Overall Result Long Distance "Junior" Rank Club Country Junior Point 1 Dolphin – Tula Russia 545 2 Police Club Egypt 450 3 Shooting Alexandria Egypt 380 4 Semoha Egypt 286 5 Abu Kier Egypt 235 6 Shooting Katamia Egypt 167 7 Ismailea Zone Egypt 119 8 Team 47 – SKA Russia 116 9 Bank Ahly Egypt 110 10 Yaroslavl Russia 93 11 Suez Canal Egypt 91 12 Victoria College Egypt 70 13 Haras Hodod Egypt 69 14 Swimming School Kaunas Lithuania 60 15 Acacia Egypt 51 3 Race : 6 K.M Junior Girls Ra NO. -
Ducati Need Dovizioso Closed Doors Ruled
May One 2020 SOUTH AFRICAN and WORLD racing NEWS and VIEWS WSBK DTM KARTING Photo: WorldSBK.com Photo: DTM.com Photo: Heinrich Sauer See Page 6 See Page 21 See Page 13 Four F1 Teams Facing Closure See page 9 Pic by: Getty Images/Red Bull Content Pool Ducati Need Closed doors Dovizioso Ruled Out Page 20 Page 18 2 • 8 May 2020 • Motorsport World Advertising Tel: 082 570 2995 No Jokers In This Pack while every season since 1984 has featured a minimum of 16 races. FORMULA 1 But however long the 2020 Sebastian Vettel and Esteban campaign ends up being, Renault Ocon believe a shorter Formula driver Ocon reckons it would not 1 season would still result in a devalue the achievements of the worthy 2020 world champion. year’s eventual title winners. But they have both stressed “The more we can do the better a more condensed campaign it would be for a championship,” would place an extra premium on Ocon told Sky Sports News. “But consistency - with Ocon admitting I agree that for a good 10 races or teams and drivers would be left more if we can do that it would be without any “jokers” to play in still valid. their results. This year had been scheduled Picture: Pirelli to be the longest F1 campaign in history at 22 races, but the sport is now targeting a campaign of between 15 and 18 events once racing is able to resume in safe circumstances. Tentative plans are being put in place to open the season with a behind-closed-doors Austrian GP on July 5, provided relevant LONG ENOUGH: This year government permissions are given, had been scheduled to be the but F1 have also stressed they know longest F1 campaign in history nothing can yet be set in stone amid at 22 races, but the sport is the fast-moving coronavirus crisis. -
8039 Autolive 56.Indd
Issue 56 | 5 December 2013 www.autolive.co.za LAUNCHED TODAY! COMING TO SOUTH AFRICA! After half a century, we fi nally get a right-hand-drive Mustang! Full Story On Page Two Jeff Nemeth on the A potted pony-car Desmond Tutu? Ferrari 458 Speciale, new Mustang history Page 7 McLaren P1 Page 2 Page 4 Page 11 Subscribe for free @ www.autolive.co.za Page 2 Editor Stuart Johnston Mustang’s Global Sally – Yes, [email protected] General Manager it’s coming to South Africa! Roger Houghton [email protected] AutoLive can confi rm Sales today that the 2015 Kieran Rennie model-year Ford Mustang [email protected] will be coming to South Address Africa! This follows the Suite 106B, MISA Centre global launch of the new 12 Fir Street, Northcliff Mustang in many parts of Johannesburg, 2195 the world just a few hours Tel ago (the offi cial media +27 (0)83 450 9255 release from Ford was Fax embargoed until 6 am Rather than publish a pic of Ford SA CEO Jeff Nemeth here, +27 (0)86 505 8957 South African time today, we thought we’d publish a pic of his very own ‘71 convertible Website December 5, 2013). Mustang, which he drives in South Africa! www.autolive.co.za 50th anniversary of the car on April middle of the grille and the tri-lights © 2013 WCM Media CC BY STUART JOHNSTON 17, 2014. at the back, and the cut-outs on the “We will be getting the car here side. So, rest assured, it’s a Mustang”. -
A Novel Sooty Terns Algorithm for Deregulated MPC-LFC Installed in Multi-Interconnected System with Renewable Energy Plants
energies Article A Novel Sooty Terns Algorithm for Deregulated MPC-LFC Installed in Multi-Interconnected System with Renewable Energy Plants Hossam Hassan Ali 1 , Ahmed Fathy 2, Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan 3, Ahmed M. Kassem 4, Hassan M. H. Farh 3,* , Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a 3 and Hossam A. Gabbar 5 1 Electrical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; [email protected] 2 Electrical Power & Machine Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; [email protected] 3 Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.M.A.-S.); [email protected] (A.A.A.-S.) 4 Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; [email protected] 5 Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, Ontario Tech University (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper introduces a novel metaheuristic approach of sooty terns optimization algorithm (STOA) to determine the optimum parameters of model predictive control (MPC)-based deregulated load frequency control (LFC). The system structure consists of three interconnected plants with Citation: Ali, H.H.; Fathy, A.; nonlinear multisources comprising wind turbine, photovoltaic model with maximum power point Al-Shaalan, A.M.; Kassem, A.M.; M. tracker, and superconducting magnetic energy storage under deregulated environment. The proposed H. Farh, H.; Al-Shamma’a, A.A.; A. objective function is the integral time absolute error (ITAE) of the deviations in frequencies and Gabbar, H. -
Djokovic Dominates Nadal in Tour Finals
Bucs hold India set for off Dolphins emotional finale for ‘Little Master’ WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER17 13, 2013 18 2014 World Cup tickets sold out in 7 hours Page 19 LONDON: Serbia’s Novak Djokovic (left) poses with the Brad Drewett Trophy next to Spain’s Rafael Nadal (right) holding the runners-up shield during the presentation after the singles final on the eighth day of the ATP World Tour Finals tennis tournament. — AFP Djokovic dominates Nadal in Tour Finals LONDON: The message from Novak Djokovic could not have ishing the season like a runaway steamroller since losing to think at the beginning he was playing much better than me, the Having lost the first set Nadal could ill afford handing Djokovic been more emphatic after the Serb retained his title at the ATP Nadal in the Flushing Meadows final. first three games no doubt,” the Spaniard said. “After that I didn’t a lead in the second but his forehand continued to misfire and the World Tour Finals with a crushing victory over Rafa Nadal on Apart from a few jaw-dropping rallies, however, the fireworks see the difference.” The statistics offered a clue, however. Serb took the invitation to seize complete control with another Monday. Nadal deservedly ends the year on top of the rankings were confined to those that lit up the court as Djokovic got his Djokovic hit 19 winners to Nadal’s nine, committed less errors break of serve. Djokovic looked to be running away with it and after an incredible comeback from injury but Djokovic delivered hands on the trophy named in honour of the late ATP executive and served much better than his opponent, who threw in two moved in for the kill but Nadal’s pride dug him out of a deep hole. -
Local Dynamics of Conflicts in Syria and Libya
I N S I D E WARS LOCAL DYNAMICS OF CONFLICTS IN SYRIA AND LIBYA EDITED BY: LUIGI NARBONE AGNÈS FAVIER VIRGINIE COLLOMBIER This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Middle East Directions. The Middle East Directions Programme encourages and supports multi-disciplinary research on the Middle East region - from Morocco to Iran, Turkey, and the Arabian Peninsula - in collaboration with researchers and research institutions from the region. Via dei Roccettini, 9 – I-50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) – Italy Website: http://middleeastdirections.eu © European University Institute 2016 Editorial matter and selection © editors and responsible principal investigator 2016 Chapters © authors individually 2016 This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. INSIDE WARS LOCAL DYNAMICS OF CONFLICTS IN SYRIA AND LIBYA EDITED BY: LUIGI NARBONE AGNÈS FAVIER VIRGINIE COLLOMBIER TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Luigi Narbone The Local Dynamics of Conflicts in Syria and Libya PART 1. THE SYRIAN CONFLICT Jihad Yazigi Syria’s Implosion: Political and Economic Impacts 1 Agnès Favier Local Governance Dynamics in Opposition-Controlled Areas in Syria 6 Daryous Aldarwish Local Governance under the Democratic Autonomous -
Drug Users Suspended
CAMPUS WIRE 2 INSIDE SCOOP 3 GET INTO THE “GROVE” Discrimination at AUC? ARAVAN TCH E S T U D E N T- P R O D U C E D N E W S P A P E R O F T H E A M E R I C A N U N I V E R S I T Y I N C A I R O Volume 86, Issue 21 caravan.aucegypt.edu Sunday, April 2, 2006 Amr Khaled brings development to AUC Drug users suspended BY ETHAR SHALABY BY RYM IBRAHIM notified of their sons’ incident and were Caravan Editor Caravan Reporter called in by the administration,” said Ahmed Maged, another representative of the discipli- A part of Egypt’s faith, history and Three freshmen were suspended for one nary committee. culture necessitates achieving real devel- semester from the American University in The students were observed by the main opment, which can never exist until we Cairo (AUC) for smoking hash, an illegal campus security for a period of one week. transform our country to one that produces drug, on campus. They were caught by the end of the week more than it consumes, said Amr Khaled, The Student Judicial Board (SJB) made smoking the illegal substance. the 38-year-old Egyptian televangelist, in the decision to suspend the 16 to 18-year-old The decision to dismiss the three students an exclusive interview last Sunday. students 10 days ago. was taken by the disciplinary committee a “Revival and development can be The students were caught on the fourth week after they were caught.